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Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of many of the buildings that, from 1699 to 1780, formed colonial Virginia's capital. The capital straddled the boundary of two of the original shires of Virginia, James City Shire (now James City County), and Charles River Shire (now York County). For most of the 18th century, Williamsburg was the center of government, education and culture in the Colony of Virginia.
Colonial Williamsburg is meant to be an interpretation of a Colonial American city, with exhibits including dozens of authentic or accurately-recreated colonial houses and relating to American Revolutionary War history. Prominent buildings in Colonial Williamsburg include the Raleigh Tavern, the Capitol, The Governor's Palace, and Bruton Parish Church. However, rather than simply an effort to preserve antiquity, the combination of extensive restoration and thoughtful recreation of the entire colonial town facilitates envisioning the atmosphere and understanding the ideals of 18th century American revolutionary leaders. It was here that Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, James Madison, George Wythe, Peyton Randolph, and dozens more helped mold democracy in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States.
The Historic Area is located just east of the College of William and Mary, founded at Middle Plantation in 1693, just prior to the establishment of the town as capital of Virginia and its renaming. The university's historic Wren Building stands at the west end of Duke of Gloucester Street.
Colonial Williamsburg is a major source of tourism to Williamsburg, as well as a touchstone for many world leaders and heads of state, including U.S. Presidents. The United States hosted the first World Economic Conference at Colonial Williamsburg in 1983. It is the centerpiece of the surrounding Historic Triangle of Virginia area, which has become a popular tourist destination for visitors domestic and foreign. The other two points of the Historic Triangle are Jamestown and Yorktown.
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Early in the 20th century, the restoration and recreation of Colonial Williamsburg, one of the largest historic restorations ever undertaken, was championed by the Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin and the patriarch of the Rockefeller family, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., along with the active participation of his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, who wanted to celebrate the patriots and the early history of the United States.
Many of the missing Colonial structures were reconstructed on their original sites during the 1930s. Other structures were restored to the best estimates of how they would have looked during the eighteenth century, with all traces of later buildings and improvements removed. Dependency structures and animals help complete the ambiance. Most buildings are open for tourists to look through, with the exception of several buildings that serve as residences for Colonial Williamsburg employees.
Notable structures include the large Capitol and the Governor's Palace, each carefully recreated and landscaped as closely as possible to original 18th century specifications, as well as Bruton Parish Church and the Raleigh Tavern.
The major goal of the Restoration was not to merely preserve or recreate the physical environment of the colonial period, but to facilitate education about the origins of the idea of America, which was conceived during many decades before the American Revolution.
In this environment, Colonial Williamsburg strives to tell the story of how diverse peoples, having different and sometimes conflicting ambitions, evolved into a society that valued liberty and equality.
112 pictures in 2012, #29 Leap Day (any shot to be taken on, or relating to 29th Februari2012)
Explore, Highest position: #132 on Wednesday, March 7, 2012
It is truly difficult to effectively relate how graceful and ethereal Manta Rays are as they perform their nightly ballet in the warm waters near Kona Hawaii. This image perhaps does the work of hundreds of adjectives in relating the emotion you feel as these massive creatures glide inches from your face.
If you would like to read more about swimming with Mantas and see more photos of this adventure, check-out my blog article: www.firefallphotography.com/swimming-manta-rays-tips-phot...
Have a great day!
Jeff
My Website ¦ Facebook ¦ My Blog ¦ Google+
Explored 9/21/13
I am reposting this message and creation from my December 2019 post
Although this was written in 2019 I knew something big was going to take place on earth in the months ahead.
It is as relevant today as it was back in 2019 because it relates to today in 2021
I underestimated the severity of this message. In saying this I was extremely unsettled for many months and prayed as I knew something was going to happen but I did not know exactly what.
I had endured many months of suffering knowing. Through this process things became crystal clear to me and with that an understanding of the higher picture and ultimately a sense of surrendering to 'what is' and a sense of Peace and Calm came with this, along with so much gratitude for being guided and shown. A blessing and a curse
To add to this, many souls have sacrificed themselves - knowingly and unknowingly to wake up humanity.
We can never know the soul agreement that each of us has made when we birthed into this world.
I am eternally grateful to the many souls who have endured hell on earth, lost their lives to awaken the masses to the reality of this world.
There are many people at this time on earth who are struggling with all that is happening in our world.
I was guided with this message and design back in 2019 - it started many months before it was completed by December of that year.
I hope that this message will bring some understanding and comfort to anyone who is struggling right now.
Despite her name Black Winged Goddess, she does bring a message of Hope and Unity to humanity.
We are living in times of great destruction of the world as we know it, earth changes, fires, floods, earthquakes.
Here alone in Australia we sit in horror at the extent of the fires rampage across the country. Unprecedented fires and weather in the history of our existence (well what is on record)
Whilst horrific - the earth we live on has always been full of cyclic changes.
Ancient cities have been discovered under the sea, we are naive to think that the world as we know it will remain the same.
What continents exist now may no longer exist. What coastline exists now is slowly being swallowed up by the ocean.
Volcanic eruptions are changing the face of the planet as are earthquakes - the list is long.
We cannot stop the force of Mother Nature. We live on a planet that has always endured such destruction.
We have pole shifts taking place - all kinds of catastrophic events happening across the Globe. We are but a spit in the ocean to the wide Galaxies that we know of. Yet we think we are precious in some way.
I cannot help but wonder why I was so drawn to create this "Black Winged Goddess" let alone give her the name of Black Winged Goddess. But I was drawn, my soul was pushing me for weeks with a "slight vision" of what I needed to create. It now makes total sense to me why I was so drawn to create The Black Winged Goddess, given the state of our world and humanity.
My soul as always when I listen guides me with powerful messages and reminds me to just 'be' to accept 'what is'.
We may not like the current state of our world, but it is what it is and all we can do is stay strong within ourselves and hold the power of 'love' in our hearts despite seeing so much being played out on the planet.
Kali (Hindu) - was known as a deity of the Fearsome Demon destroying Goddess who represents death and rebirth - so her name means "Black One".
We can never truly comprehend or understand the power of mother nature - we have abused her for centuries, taken her for granted and she is a living breathing consciousness so powerful that we dare not go up against here.
In recent years we have seen the influence of the feminine energy on earth which for eons has been dominated by the male energy.
So it makes complete sense to me that we are witness to so much destruction on the planet.
We are witness to the destruction of our societies as we know it, breakdown of families, law, politics.
So much of humanity is at war with the 'system', the injustices, and the lack of balance within our society. The homeless, the abused, the forgotten souls, the mental health issues that seem to have become rampant, the rise of Corporate wealth while humanity is trapped in slavery. We have learnt nothing as a humanity over the past how many hundred years?
In order for rebirth, for new growth, a culling needs to take place - hence the energy of the Black Winged Goddess she is both the Destroyer and the Giver of New Life.
We have elected to be here at this time on the planet - despite the suffering we witness or endure - I know at a higher level it is absolutely necessary for real change to take place.
Our world is a very different place to the one we have known - and whilst we have believed we have had a safe and reasonable planet in which to live, the reality is much Evil has existed and people have been brainwashed to the point of being zombies. There has been so much suppression imposed upon humanity even to the extreme of vaccinations and fluoride to our water supply. All of these chemicals act as suppressants to our brain! It has been a deliberate agenda of the existing power on earth. Their agenda has always been to rule, control and suppress the populous.
Humanity is awakening and with this will be uproar, dis - ease, a culling if you like. It is time for humanity to step out of fear and into their true power which is within each and every one of us.
New growth, new beginnings but not before the dismantling of the old - it has to be this way.
These times we are living through were written in history.
So I have created "The Black Winged Goddess" she is available in different styles, inside a Dome with beautiful etched glass or stand alone. She will rotate or can be static.
She is available on MP in the Stand Alone version (rotating) or can be seen in world at my store.
****This POST IS NOT to promote my MP. I will not put my MP link here for this reason. If anyone does not have the money and would like a version of her please send me a notecard in world with your full name and I will happily send one to you. This is NOT about promoting my MP it is about assisting humanity at this time***.
I hope you enjoy and embrace 'The "Black Winged Goddess' and rather be in fear of her - understand she brings 'New Life" but first the old has to die for the new to be born.
How appropriate for a New Year of 2020 fast approaching.
Interestingly and unconsciously I created 4 of these Black Winged Goddesses.
The year 2020 equates to the number 4 in Numerology.
The #4 represents a Universal energy. (see below for a deeper understanding of the #4)
The # 2 - Is the most feminine and often underestimated when it comes to power and strength. She is always gentle, tactful, diplomatic, forgiving and understanding. She likes to keep peace and likes to avoid confrontation. # 2 is the survivor and extremely resilient force. Her shape looks as though she is bent back on a knee with head bowed in humility and service. However when enough pressure is applied to the # 2 energy. Some would perceive her as weak and powerless due to this servitude shape. However never underestimate the power behind #2 because she represents the power (double) #1 who is the all powerful warrior who will shake and destroy no matter what. So #2 brings the balance but never underestimate the power of 2 Energy.
The #4 Energy in more detail
The 4 is without a doubt masculine, reflecting strength and stability. His chief characteristics are dependability, productivity, punctuality and obedience. He is trustworthy, patient, conventional and a traditionalist.
Tend to be rule followers. 4 is the area of sciences, upholding the law (such as Government and the military). The #4 represents Disciplined, systematic, Dependable, Strong. Loyal
Four is the basis of all solid objects. Four points are used in constructing the simplest solid and thus four is the number symbolizing the way of construction. In many religions, four is seen as the number for earth, and representing the four elements, Air Earth, Water and Fire.
At its extreme 4's can tend to overreact to violence.
So 2020 seems to have more challenges ahead and I suspect we will be seeing more uprising across the planet (#2 energy) with totalitarianism (#4 energy) being played out like never before. Perhaps more of what the world has witnessed in Hong Kong this year.
It is as if the two energies Masculine & Feminine are battling against one another. But at the same time, I cannot help but feel and acknowledge UNITY - and this is what I will remain focused upon during the year ahead. We must stand united. We are after all 'one humanity'
We are without doubt living in very challenging times.
May peace be with you!
Copyright December 2019 Chant Lyric
Please share with anyone who you believe may take some comfort during these days - not because I want awards, in fact I do not want awards. This is for humanity and was given to me through the Grace of God
This post is NOT about promoting my MP - she is available there for anyone who wants to purchase her. For anyone who truly feels drawn to her and the strength and comfort she brings to me, and do not have the money to purchase her. Please contact me in world with a notecard, give me your full name and I will happily send her free of charge to you.
My original posts can be seen here www.flickr.com/photos/58903384@N04/49251189433/in/datepos...
www.flickr.com/photos/58903384@N04/49251186488/in/photost...
Maybe the only thing each of us can see is our own shadow. Carl Jung called this his shadow work. He said we never see others. Instead we see only aspects of ourselves that fall over them. Shadows. Projections. Our associations. The same way old painters would sit in a tiny dark room and trace the image of what stood outside a tiny window, in the bright sunlight. The camera obscura.
-- Chuck Palahniuk
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The shadow is a moral problem that challenges the whole ego-personality, for no one can become conscious of the shadow without considerable moral effort. To become conscious of it involves recognizing the dark aspects of the personality as present and real. This act is the essential condition for any kind of self-knowledge
-- Carl Jung
____________________________
The Shadow, of course never dies; we always cast a shadow. But how we relate to it, and it to us, depends on whether it is known. Once known, we have inevitably lost an innocence that can never be recovered. What replaces it is a knowledge of the complexity of our nature.
-- Deena Metzger.
_____________________________
Shadow is ever besieged, for that is its nature. Whilst darkness devours, and light steals. And so one sees shadow ever retreat to hidden places, only to return in the wake of the war between dark and light.
-- Steven Erikson
Blythe a Day - How to Sell a Haunted House (Bewitched) - 10/1/25
For Sale in Spookytown: Classic Haunted Beauty
About the Property:
Beautiful classic 4 bed 3 bath tri-level in coveted Spookytown. Original fireplaces and staircases. Hard wood flooring throughout. Old creaky windows, attic ghosts, furnace, updated electrical and much more!
Features:
Actual clawfoot tubs
2 ghosts
Secret staircase & door
Creaky floors
Large windows
Attic bats
Real skeletons in the closets
Call Drusilla, our expert relator, for a private tour.
House photo I took on a fall drive and recolored
Daunting Drusilla Blythe
Much less visited than Rosslyn Chapel on the opposite Western Bank of The North Esk river you will find The Wallace Cave. There are several Wallace Caves in Scotland. There is only one Wallace Cave in Roslin Glen. There are also caves under Hawthornden Castle. If you are going to Rosslyn Chapel I hope that you have a great visit and if you have a chance do walk in the Roslin Glen. The Castle and the Chapel retain the older name of Rosslyn and the contemporary village has the newer name of Roslin.
Both the Focused and Focusless Fabulous Fungi a Miraculous Magical Mushroom were a joint effort. I managed in Manual Focus to capture an impressionistic rendering and a photographic view of the same rather large mushroom. My lighting expert is not on Flickr so I cannot link them locally and I do not have permission to link them further afield. He is a great companion to share a historically important cave with. Our focus on photography led us to moths and small gnats and large spiders with varying fungi and moss and lichen. The clean air just 8 miles from Edinburgh enables some fantastic growths that increase in quantity and size as you move further away from the city into more vibrant landscapes that support such greater growth. The size and vitality of the Mushroom was so unexpected that I have labelled it fabulous, miraculous and magical as it certainly appeared that way being the only such branching out extended growth from the rock face with roots nestled in a shallow crack.
The cave shows many pick marks from it having being extended and masoned sections where door and fittings have been fitted and broken away. The valley side opposite Rosslyn Chapel and Castle has a path way and viewing platforms cut into the cliff sides. The cave itself is not too large and the Mushroom as focus of attention and camera here looks quite unlikely to be natural and also at the same time possible so. It does appear like something brought in affixed and maybe even tended. There is a bed of rushes in the cave, changed annually and often dressed into the form of a sleeping figure. This Both Focused and Focusless Fabulous Fungi a Miraculous Magical Mushroom that proudly proclaims itself present and potent whilst discreetly declining any casual further investigation beyond speculation such as I have delivered here.
There is a legend of a Black Hen, don’t say Pullet, that is noted as confusing treasure seekers and grail hunters by digging holes to false terrain the site and to fill in half dug holes for when seekers return to complete their excavations and further still through special skill to carefully indicate the better and best grounds to explore through careful talon and beak soil manipulation. There are further tails of either this Black Hen, or of another such similar still don’t say Pullet, Black Hen, maybe there is just the one, or possibly there are a pair of magical soil shrouders at work? The other hen story relates to a treasure hidden under a stair. The exact stair can be correctly deduced in a manner not fully revealed within the story. Any stair testing and excavating can and will lead to the Black Hen II, this time the truth will not out*, moving the treasure when the excavators are in the right area and also the hen will bamboozle the grail hunters with special Holy Hen Acts that will confuse, strain, enrage and bring chaos to order and the ‘BH II’ wonder guard will clear up after the said chaos and restore all to proper order til the right, maybe even righteous, approach of the mythic legendary treasure grail hunter seekers who are destined to step on the right step at the right time in the right manner possibly with the left foot.
Please only read good humour and faithful following in my words above. I have followed signs to Rosslyn Chapel and parked when there were just a few spaces next to the old barn and byre. I have wandered in the beauty of the landscape and listened to the stories and here share some quickly to say that this is a place of beauty and of mystery, both of folly and of faith with a river bend bringing out rock inscribed from thousands of years ago to natural and extended caves, with castles and chapels, formerly and currently hosting services and battles til a part of the past seems to have been deeply woven here such that we choose to look at it again and again making pilgrimage and enacting rampage all engaged through marvellous mysteries and eldritch histories far beyond our fascination and into our fine fashioned fulgent fabricated fantasies.**
*Black Hen I also assured that the truth would not out, Black Hen II is not a fully fledged sequel as of course it could be one Hen, not a Pullet, successfully stealth working both grounds and stairs.
**Please do not test the Hen, or Hens, not Pullets, as you could be destroying a beautiful and historial protected place that is best left none Hen tested and none destroyed. Age, atmosphere and our antecedents have done more than enough destruction and also they had with them those that fought to give enough preservation and conservation too.
© PHH Sykes 2024
phhsykes@gmail.com
Welcome to Rosslyn Chapel
Hawthornden Castle
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthornden_Castle
Alexander Nasmyth - Hawthornden Castle, near Edinburgh - Google Art Project
artsandculture.google.com/asset/hawthornden-castle-near-e...
Hawthornden Foundation Hawthornden Castle
www.hawthornden.org/hawthornden-castle
Hawthornden Foundation
Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings SM6825
portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505:300:::::VIE...
ROSLIN GLEN AND HAWTHORNDEN CASTLE GDL00327
portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505:300:::::VIE...
Roslin Glen
Rosslyn Chapel Trust is responsible for the conservation and care of part of the picturesque landscape known as Roslin Glen, which is adjacent to Rosslyn Castle and Rosslyn Chapel.
www.rosslynchapel.com/about/roslin-glen/
Roslin Glen Country Park
www.midlothian.gov.uk/directory_record/171/roslin_glen_co...
Roslin Glen Country Park
www.rosslynchapel.com/about/roslin-glen/
Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings
canmore.org.uk/site/51808/wallaces-cave
Archaeology Notes
Roslin Glen And Hawthornden Castle
Date of Inclusion: 31/03/2001
1:20,000Map Scale:
Council: Midlothian
Designation Reference: GDL00327
portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=PORTAL:document:...
ROSLIN GLEN AND HAWTHORNDEN CASTLE
GDL00327
portal-beta.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505:300:::...
Gorton House Rock Carving(S) (Post Medieval)(Possible)
it's strange following a portrait of my serene face with this "notice" ... i don't really talk anymore about this to people, but today i'm at wit's end:
i have some disabling health conditions that include daily pain. it's been many years since this began, so i've oh so gratefully learned to cope with it to a great extent. and i have been able to not only function, but engage with the world and enjoy, even while experiencing debilitation.
the pain has been building up for a month or two, and i've been feeling increasing anxiety around its constancy lately. i've had to forego more than usual, and resort to relief measures i've not taken in a long while.
i'm often ashamed and humiliated to id myself as a "crip", and frightened about how health issues change the way people relate to me; despairing about the impact, the limitations on what i can give at any given time.
i've even been thinking i need to take a break from the computer, as it's definitely exacerbating everything. if i can resist all of your many charms, i may disappear for a bit. i hope i don't miss too much ...
xo
There are plenty of things I could tell you about this image but what I am going to relate tonight is only going to involve the mistake I made.
One of the risks to habits is that you can come to rely on them overly much. A case in point would be that by an unofficial rule I generally keep my Hasselblad backs loaded with 400 ISO film, one back for color and the other for b&w. When I do load a different speed film in one of my backs I try to make a note because I am so used to 400 speed film in them that I have mis-exposed film before because of mistaken assumption.
Before this latest trip up to the Olympic Peninsula I had been working a lot and photographing only a little. As such by the time I got up there my black and white back was halfway through a roll of film I could not remember loading and so I could not remember which film was in it. Normally no note would mean 400 speed but something in my brain was tickling away that this was not true, that I had loaded something out of the ordinary in terms of film speed in this back.
So what are my options at this point with about six frames left to expose? Well I could trust my habits and expose at 400. I could attempt to second guess motives and backtrack through memory to deduce which film I might have loaded. I could meter somewhere in between. This latter is what I did. I figured the only other speed I would have loaded would have been 100 ISO film. So if I metered at 200 then I would only be wrong by a stop. If it was 100, I would be a stop under and considering that I normally overexpose by habit anyway, all would be ok. If it was 400, then I would be a stop over (or two with my usual overexposure). and film so readily forgives overexposure. Seriously, you can get away with three or four stops over and still produce reasonable images. Additionally I was going to be a bit less choosy with those six frames and try to blow through them quickly so I could confirm the film and if necessary backtrack to re-expose any images.
Thus I set off. Unfortunately it was sunny and clear and conducive to heavy ND shooting so "blowing through" half a roll takes on a slightly different meaning when shooting through 18 stops of neutral density. It took a few hours but I managed, wound the roll and unloaded it... to find a roll of Rollei RPX 25. Umm yeah. So metering for 200, maybe overexposing by design by a stop I was still going to be two stops under. That was a bit disappointing. Usually I defer to the decisions that past-Zeb makes. He often seems to think of things that present-Zeb appreciates. But this time I was wondering what in the heck that past me was thinking by loading a roll of 25 speed film in a camera that usually uses 400 speed and not putting a note on it to warn present-Zeb how to expose it properly. Sheesh.
So I had a bit of a sinking feeling in my stomach, figuring not even the forgiveness of film was going to save me this time. Luckily I was still on the same beach and did backtrack to re-expose the images I felt most strongly about. I debated having the roll pushed when I got back but then the first half had theoretically been exposed accurately and I couldn't really remember what was on it, so I didn't want to push process that stuff, so I just let it go, morbidly curious to see how thin the negs would be. Imagine my surprise when the stuff that came back turned out to be fairly usable... at least some of it. This image for example was metered somewhere around 100 to 200 ISO, which means I probably overexposed it to begin with due to the deep shadows in the frame. But that is ok, I wanted the cliffs to be black anyway.
So what to take from all this? I guess mostly that we all make mistakes. In fact you ought to find opportunities to make mistakes. They keep us sharp, they are opportunities to learn, they sometimes show us things we may not have discovered on our own, they remind us that we are fallible in our decision-making. And I tell you about this one in particular so that you know that I am not above making such silly errors. I tend to curate out most of the images I don't consider worth the time to post or your time to see. I edit down to the good stuff, which really means the stuff that I like for one reason and another. And I think with practice and by limiting how much I post I tend to only share the stuff that is noteworthy for good reasons. But that can easily lead to the mistaken perception that maybe I don't make the same mistakes you make. That I don't screw up my calculations or forget something simple and obvious. Well trust me, I do. And sometimes it works out and sometimes it doesn't. On this case I got lucky, no thanks to my past self.
Hasselblad 500C
Rollei RPX 25
Documents relating to the Spanish colonial empire are kept in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. It is considered to be the most comprehensive and important archive for the Spanish colonial era. The building and archive have been a World Heritage Site since 1987.
The valuable files and documents are of course well protected these days, so that only mock-ups are on the shelves in the rooms that can be visited...
How many of those of you who are parents can relate?
Malaysian Pied Fantail. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
June 05, 2016
Villatic:
[vi-lat-ik]
adjective
1. of or relating to the country or to a farm; rural.
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It's a cool, gray and rainy Sunday here which is perfect for some quality time in the kitchen!
We desperately need the rain, and I really needed to get caught up and ready for the work week ahead by preparing food so the rain is working out just fine for me.
The garden is being watered and I'm not tempted to go sit out in the sun with a good book. Win, win!
I bought a lot of basil plants this week and so I was on the hunt for a recipe that would work for Sweet Sunday, then I got it in my head that I needed scones for the week which narrowed down my search until I came across this!
In the future, I think I would double the basil, lessen the strawberries and maybe throw some jam in the mix for additional flavour, but this reccipe is not a bad starting point!
Recipe:
Ingredients:
3 cups of flour
1/3 cup of sugar
1 teaspoon of salt
2 1/2 teaspoons of baking powder
1/2 teaspoon of baking soda
3/4 cup of unsalted butter, cut into small chunks
1 cup of buttermilk
1 cup chopped of fresh strawberries
1/4 cup of fresh chopped basil
1 tablespoon of buttermilk, for brushing
Brown sugar for sprinkling
Directions:
01. Preheat oven to 400 degrees F.
02. Mix together dry ingredients in a large bowl from flour - baking soda.
03. Add butter and mix using pastry cutter, a knife or your hands, until mixture resembles coarse meal.
04. Add buttermilk and mix until just combined. Fold in strawberries and basil.
05. Lightly dust flour onto work surface. Divide dough in half. Working with one batch at a time, shape dough into 3/4 inch thick circle. Cut into 8 wedges.
06. Lay on baking sheet lined with parchment paper.
07. Repeat with other dough.
08. Brush tops of scones with buttermilk and sprinkle with brown sugar.
09. Bake for 15-20 minutes or until golden brown.
Hope everyone is having a Sweet Sunday!
Click "L" for a larger view.
The International Bomber Command Centre (IBCC) a memorial relating the historical impact of and on Bomber Command during the Second World War. Located on Canwick Hill, overlooking the city of Lincoln in Lincolnshire.
The city of Lincoln was selected for the location of the IBCC because 27 RAF Bomber Command stations (over a third of all Bomber Command stations) were based in the county during World War II. The large amount of airfields led to Lincolnshire being nicknamed the "Bomber County".
Located at Canwick Hill, the centre is just under two and half miles from RAF Waddington, which suffered the greatest losses of any Bomber Command station, and close to the former Avro aircraft production facility at Bracebridge Heath. A view of Lincoln Cathedral, a prominent landmark for aircrews, forms an important part of the vista from the centre of the Memorial Spire.
The aim of the IBCC is to tell the personal stories of members of the RAF Bomber Command, ground crew and civilians impacted by the bombing campaigns during the Second World War. The centre will also provide a comprehensive record of the role of Bomber Command's squadrons and to digitally display historical documentation and photographs relating to the activity of Bomber Command.
Within the grounds of the International Bomber Command Centre the Spire Memorial was erected on 10 May 2015. The memorial is a spire, reflecting the connection to Lincoln Cathedral. Created out of Corten A weathering steel, it is based on the dimensions of the wingspan of a Lancaster bomber, being 102ft high and 16ft at the base. The Spire was officially unveiled in October 2015 to an audience of 3,600 guests including 312 Bomber veterans.
The spire is encircled by walls carrying the names of all 57,871 men and women who gave their lives whilst serving in or supporting Bomber Command. This is the only place in the world where all these losses are memorialised.
Information Source:
Homily062021_QuiettheStormu
“Let Us Cross to the Other Side”
One phrase in our Gospel reading quickened my heart, because I instantly related to its meaning. It speaks to the big and small decisions we make everyday in our lives. “Let Us Cross to the Other Side” is a statement that we should all relate with. With each event that occurs in our lives we make decisions (big or small)…and a new journey begins. Yes, our lives, are but a series of decisions and events with many endings but ultimately concludes with our death.
In this rich and deep Gospel story, Jesus is inviting each of his disciples to travel with him “to the other side.” Each of them freely makes the decision to enter the boat. From the disciples view, they soon discover that they are on rough water. It should be easy for us to relate to their predicament. However, Jesus we are told is asleep on a cushion. In their panic, they wake Jesus up, and state “don’t you care that we are perishing?” With the words from his mouth, Jesus simply says “quiet, peace be still.” All the storms are calmed now…the one they see and the one they feel on the inside. One can imagine Jesus calming saying “what are you afraid of…where is your faith?”
How often have we felt this way in the middle of a journey? The storms within our own hearts! How often do we feel the squalls, the uncontrollable emotions that snatches away our peace and clouds our judgement. I have and so have you.
Recently, I was traveling to see one of our parishioners. I was stopped at a red light, when the light turned green, I proceeded forward…suddenly I was in the middle of a sudden storm…my car spun around…and my peace was gone. After my daze, I quickly realized how blessed I was…in the spinning of my car…the deadly force of the other car had been swallowed up. A few feet more…and I would have been crushed. I made it to the other side of this event…and I am steal learning things about myself. What did the disciples learn about themselves, as they completed their journey to the other side of the lake? I suspect they had a deeper understanding and a “healthier fear” of the one called Jesus; their constant traveling companion.
Like the disciples on the boat, some storms we experience collectively-that would be together. Our Psalm reading, in the context of our shared experience of the pandemic, seems very timely. Is life not like sailing on deep waters where we experience wonder, mystery and fear. Sometimes larger then life events carry us to heaven (rain during a drought or the miracle of a as a vaccine that is available to us all) and sometimes we get carried to the depths-pandemics, droughts, earthquakes and war. What should our collective response be? I quote our Psalm reading…
They cried to the LORD in their distress;
from their straits he rescued them,
He hushed the storm to a gentle breeze,
and the billows of the sea were stilled.
They rejoiced that they were calmed,
and he brought them to their desired haven.
Let them give thanks to the LORD for his kindness
and his wondrous deeds to the children of men.
It appears that we are starting to see the other side of this event we call Covid. It has been a very long journey. As we arrive on this new chore together…we are wondering what the new normal is going to look like. We know that this journey has changed us…it has changed our Church community.
Every week we come to church where we are reminded that we do not journey alone. We receive an outward reminder of an inward reality that our God would never abandon us. I am reminded what Jesus said in John 14:27:
“Peace- I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give it to you. Do not let your hearts be troubled or afraid.”
Jesus always resides with us and in us. In a moment we will physically receive Jesus in the bread…we will consume this bread of life. The sign has been given, Jesus is literally with us. The question now is where will we take Him?
-rc
The chapel features, on its three walls, frescoed scenes relating to the Universal Flood, the Entrance of the Animals into the Ark, the End of the Flood and Noah's Drunkenness. The compositions are characterised by outdoor visions marked by the presence of human figures and animals, both depicted on a small scale. The painter's attention seems to be focused on the description of the variety of animals and birds, without, however, failing to dwell on the more intensely dramatic scenes, such as the cases of those who drown, going as far as the cold analysis of the corpses strewn on the ground after the Flood. The stories of the Flood are linked to the fresco of the Baptism of Christ that faces them in the cloistered church, as a foreshadowing of that moment of salvation, according to what St Peter makes clear in the First Epistle (3:20-21): "God in his longsuffering waited in the days of Noah for the ark to be built, in which eight people in all found escape from the water, a figure, this one, of the Baptism that now saves us".
Historical-critical information: In these frescoes, Aurelio Luini displays an unprecedented propensity for storytelling and narration for its own sake, which results in a smug amusement directed above all at the descriptive rendering of the various animal species, rendered with an almost lenticular meticulousness. As the son of Bernardino Luini, who was active for many years in San Maurizio, Aurelio showed undisputed talent for painting, which led him to collaborate with his older brother Giovan Pietro from 1555 onwards. Here, as in other cases, Aurelio exhibits the peculiar characteristics of his painting, sustained by an exuberant expressive emphasis that is fully in line with contemporary 'Mannerism'. The naturalistic taste manifested in the frescoes of the Noah's Ark chapel also reflects the interest that Aurelio, a member of the Accademia della Val di Blenio (run by Giovan Paolo Lomazzo), had always shown in Leonardo's research.
I met this giraffe doing a feeding type of this and boy was he only there for the food and that’s it which is obviously pretty relatable I think
Eidetic: relating to or denoting mental images having unusual vividness and detail, as if actually visible. Gainesville Florida 9/8/24
La vie de Martha Desrumeaux est relatée par exemple dans cette video :
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdFB2fYszg8
Pour les amateurs de street art en Ile-de-France, il faut faire un tour place du colonel Fabien à Paris. Devant le bâtiment symbole et siège du parti communiste français sont affichés 11 grands portraits de figures résistantes du parti, portraits réalisés par le street artiste C215, pour fêter à sa façon le centenaire du PCF (le parti communiste français fut créé à l'issue du congrès de Tours qui se déroula du 25 au 30 décembre 1920...).
C'est plutôt l'aspect "résistants de la seconde guerre mondiale" qui est mis en avant, plutôt que l'aspect communiste. Le PCF est malgré tout très visible puisque les portraits sont réalisés sur des fac-similés de pages de l'Huma de 1945, un temps alors fort stalinien.
Elysian (E•ly•sian): relating to, or characteristics of heaven or paradise. | Model: @ktmkvi
So I'm finally posting personal work. Took this awhile ago with my friend. I really really wanted to get out and go explore. We decided to go check out these waterfalls by my house & do a shoot. It was super cold. So cold that nobody was even at this park. We climbed down to the base and walked right over the ice. Large portions of the water was frozen so it made it easy getting over by the waterfall. After a while we both started getting cold and packed up.
Practically, most humans ears merely relate far less than 20% of truth through listening and our highly regard window of souls, the dependent eyes only sees 60% of absolute truth. Fundamentally, our weakest, disturbant mind render and analyse close to 20% of unrational facts in many circumstances incorrectly.
Sadly, we human being prefer to act 100% according to our unbalance, misery brain chemical signal, our separated left and right brain cell sent out very contradicting wave signal and therefore our final independent heart is determine to react accordingly in final stage. even 90% of great scientist miss out emphasize our critical functionality of heart incorrectly with mistake
In reality with all such complex human senses aid, we can only be less than 90% certain correct at most times as the other negative balance remain 10% was distributed and affect by our much prejudice, emotional core ownership - human solitude heart that stay much farther away from eyes ears and the brain. As a matter of fact, heart, eyes, mind and ears solely function individually and selfishly according to days and night different basically cause by the atmospheric transition of changing light phantom . Is still a mystical to scientist but much connected with your previous Karmathic field records why we are here. To argue, fight and destroy for own justice with the five distratrous senses we own from pass mistake.
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Two photos today relate to an exhibition at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, in 2011. This first one is of a replica poster in our own collection. It is one of the costume designs by Russian artist Léon Bakst (1866-1924) for Sergei Diaghilev's Les Ballet Russes production of Shéhérazade (1910). The music was written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
nga.gov.au/exhibition/balletsrusses/default.cfm?MnuID=4&a...
The costume was to be worn by the character Shah Zeman, the brother of the ruler of Persia, in one of the stories from "The Arabian Nights". nga.gov.au/exhibition/balletsrusses/Default.cfm?IRN=74158...
Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929) was the impresario who founded Les Ballet Russes.
I don't know how that title relates to the picture but it's what came to mind.
And, as always, view large!!!
Also, what is your opinion of getty images? I got a message about it a long time ago inviting me to join but I feel like I don't know enough about it to participate. If anyone could give me more insight about it or, if they are/did use it, what they thought about it. If I do add some of my photos to the sight, I'm afraid of where they will end up..
EXPLORE 90
A Class with Daves: Diptych - Take two related photos and present them side-by-side as a single entity. How the two photos relate is up to you...this one should really test your creativity.
Relating to or denoting art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but rather seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, colors, and textures.
Magnus relating the history of the Viking realm of the Southern Isles (ie: the Western Isles of Scotland and I of Man)
In my Art of Engineering class, my professor asked us whether we thought there was a difference between architecture buildings and regular buildings. I said yes. A architecture building contains parts that all relate to the whole. Features or parts whether it is on the exterior or interior all relate to a common theme and style as oppose to regular buildings that are made purely for function. The Golden Gate Bridge is a architecture masterpiece. Every part relates to a common theme.
I also think architecture buildings can stand the test of time. The Golden Gate Bridge goes to show that even as time goes by, the structure still maintains its beauty and magnificence. It is a symbol of San Francisco and will continue to represent for many years to come.
Madraza de Granada - Madrasa of Granada
Esta calle, llena de historia y de visitantes, arranca en la Gran Vía de Colón, importante arteria que desde finales del siglo XIX permite el paseo por el centro con sus amplias aceras.
A nuestra izquierda se levanta un bonito edificio de sillares oscuros, rejerías y farolas: es la antigua Madraza, escuela o universidad coránica que fue fundada por Yusuf I en 1349. Fue en su momento uno de los más bonitos edificios de la ciudad y estaba decorado con atauriques e inscripciones relativas al conocimiento.
En 1500 se destinó a casa del Cabildo y más adelante la fachada se pintó al temple. Ya en el siglo XVIII adquiere la actual apariencia, repleta de detalles barrocos. Del edificio árabe original se conserva la sala de oración con magníficos elementos decorativos. Tras una importante restauración entre 2006 y 2011, ha sido reabierta al público. El edificio, en la actualidad, pertenece a la Universidad de Granada.
Casi frente a la Madraza se abre un pequeño ensanchamiento de la calle. Aquí se encuentra uno de los monumentos más importantes de la ciudad: la Capilla Real.
Fundada en 1504 para albergar sus restos, fue fundada por los Reyes Católicos, Isabel y Fernando. Se construyó entre 1505 y 1517, y fue en 1521 cuando los cuerpos de los monarcas fueron trasladados allí por orden de su nieto Carlos I desde la iglesia de San Francisco, en la Alhambra.
Se edificó en estilo gótico tardío con toques renacentistas, y si el exterior es espectacular con sus remates de tracerías, enrejados y columnas historiadas, el interior es una auténtica belleza. Una maravillosa reja de hierro separa los sepulcros reales del resto de la capilla. El de los Reyes Católicos, obra de Domenico Fancelli, fue realizado en Italia en mármol de Carrara y tiene forma de tronco de pirámide.
Fernando aparece representado con armadura y manto, mientras Isabel lleva un sencillo atuendo y cruza las manos en señal de humildad. El de doña Juana y su esposo, Felipe el Hermoso, sitúa las dos estatuas sobre un lecho sepulcral, innovando en cierta manera respecto al monumento funerario de los monarcas Católicos.
www.idayvueltablogdeviajes.com/2014/05/calle-oficios-gran...
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madraza_de_Granada
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capilla_Real_de_Granada
This street, full of history and visitors, starts at the Gran Vía de Colón, an important artery that since the end of the 19th century has allowed visitors to stroll through the centre with its wide pavements.
On our left stands a beautiful building of dark ashlars, latticework and street lamps: it is the old Madrasa, a Koranic school or university founded by Yusuf I in 1349. It was once one of the most beautiful buildings in the city and was decorated with atauriques and inscriptions relating to knowledge.
In 1500 it was used as a town hall and later the façade was painted in tempera. In the 18th century it acquired its current appearance, full of Baroque details. The prayer room with its magnificent decorative elements has been preserved from the original Moorish building. After a major restoration between 2006 and 2011, it was reopened to the public. The building now belongs to the University of Granada.
Almost opposite the Madrasa is a small widening of the street. Here we find one of the most important monuments in the city: the Royal Chapel.
Founded in 1504 to house their remains, it was founded by the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand. It was built between 1505 and 1517, and it was in 1521 that the bodies of the monarchs were transferred there by order of their grandson Charles I from the church of San Francisco, in the Alhambra.
It was built in late Gothic style with Renaissance touches, and if the exterior is spectacular with its tracery, latticework and historiated columns, the interior is a real beauty. A marvellous iron grille separates the royal tombs from the rest of the chapel. The tomb of the Catholic Monarchs, the work of Domenico Fancelli, was made in Italy in Carrara marble and is shaped like the trunk of a pyramid.
Ferdinand is depicted wearing armour and a cloak, while Isabella wears a simple garment and crosses her hands in a sign of humility. The statue of Juana and her husband, Philip the Handsome, places the two statues on a sepulchral bed, which is somewhat innovative with respect to the funerary monument of the Catholic monarchs.
www.idayvueltablogdeviajes.com/2014/05/calle-oficios-gran...
My goal for the year was to have at least one image for every week and write some sort of background story relating it to what was going on in my life. A journal of sorts.
I did manage to pick up a camera every week but one - the worst week of the fires in September, when the air was extremely hazardous and seeping into the house, work was crazy etc etc. I suppose I could have shot a self portrait in front of my taped up front door, holding Conor ready to attack since he couldn’t go outside...but, I didn’t :)
I was more motivated with the project in the beginning. At the start of the pandemic it was somewhat inspiring to think of ways to express what was going on while stuck at home. I had a lot of ideas and played around with them a little, but my attention span was short and eventually, they didn’t seem so exciting to me.
My focus went more internal, and my camera became more of a side project. I started studying the enneagram, which I had heard about but always assumed was some stupid online personality test. People would ask me what my number was and I immediately rejected the whole thing. I’m not a “Number”. Haha. Having gone to astrology school for many years, it made me think of how people try to characterize someone by their sun sign, when really it’s so much more than that. People are complicated and this number thing seemed way too simple. But it turned out, there’s more to that too... And it led me to think a lot about my childhood and certain behavior patterns that had always been present. And That led me to think about things that were very important to me when I was younger and that had slipped away. And That led me to remember how passionate I once was about animal rights and the environment.
I’ve been a vegetarian since I was 15, and vegan for a number of years now. But in terms of lifestyle, I was not living a vegan life. So I decided to change this. I started looking at the ingredients of every single product I use. I started looking at the companies who made every single thing I own or buy. I started to switch things out and make a conscious choice as to who I was supporting and what I was using. It’s been incredibly life changing and the main focus of my year.
I also let my natural hair (now gray) grow out for the first time since I was a teenager. It really feels like the pandemic allowed my true self to emerge, in ways that definitely would not have happened if life had continued to be ‘normal’.
2020 was not an easy year, for anyone, but it wasn’t all bad. I am most definitely changed for the better. :)
Transformation masks such as this Thunderbird belong to the sky world, which consists of Ancestral Beings that are transported to the heavens from where they can return as material beings in recognizable form such as human. The Kwakwaka’ wakw people say when this bird ruffles its feathers they cause thunder and when they blink their eyes lightning flashes. Each thunderbird is associated with a specific village group or lineage, a specific place of origin unique to each and its details are carefully guarded. Masks can be owned individually or by a family but rights are always inherent, flowing from one generation to the next. The Namgis people relate that this thunderbird flew out of the heavens to assist a man who had transformed into a large halibut. When finished assisting he removed his headdress and winged cape and sent them back to the sky world becoming human. The mask may be worn on the forehead with the dancer’s face showing or it may cover the face to indicate the duality of man and bird. The performer wears a full costume of representing the bird. The mask would be danced during a Winter Ceremony, called a Potlatch, where songs, dances and rituals are performed and gifts may be given. When not used such masks are wrapped carefully and hidden away. When worn and danced and closed the mask portrays a bird head with a large yellow beak. When open, the head and large beak divide, expand, and become a full-bodied bird with outstretched wings. Each wing contains a linear image of a sisiutl or lightning snake. At the center of the full-bodied bird is a human head. Above the head is a small seated figure and below it is still another bird. Opening and closing the mask would add a spectacular effect during the dances. When the mask was first collected it had cord riggings to open its parts. It was collected from the Gigilgam lineage of the Nimpkish. The mask is fragile but stable. There are scattered pigment losses. Red cedar ruff originally surrounded the mask when it was worn for performances.
Ottawa City Hall - Lunch time
I often walk through City Hall during my lunch time walks. The biggest reasons that I include it in my noon hour walks relate to the open airy architecture, the regular art exhibits, and the fact that it is a public gathering space - always filled with people. If I’m being completely honest, however, I should also add that I appreciate the cool air conditioning on a hot summer day as well. It’s interesting to read exactly how architect Raymond Moriyama envisioned city hall, and to appreciate how successful he was in creating this vision.
“One night, in the late 1980s, architect Raymond Moriyama came to a vacant lot in the heart of downtown Ottawa and traced footsteps in the freshly fallen snow. He was there to envision a new regional government headquarters, where citizens felt welcome and politicians from 11 different municipalities could somehow come together as one. He had been asked to design such a building on Laurier Avenue West. It would be bounded by the Cartier Drill Hall and Lisgar Collegiate to the east and by the provincial courthouse and a former teacher’s college to the west.
The tracks, made after the first snowfall of the season, revealed where people were coming from, where they were going. And, to Moriyama’s eyes, they offered a glimpse of the shape his new project would take. It was here that the idea of a main street — a thoroughfare, with side streets extending in all directions, to all the key buildings and places nearby — came to him.
“If you listen carefully enough, you find the answer,” Moriyama says. “I was amazed how clear it was.” He tells the story today from the atrium of his building, which is now known as Ottawa City Hall. His silver hair is slicked back and his Order of Canada pin adds a pop of colour to the lapel of the master architect’s navy suit. All around him, people hustle to and fro, paying him little mind as he explains his vision for the building that first opened 25 years ago this month [now just over 29 years ago] to house the former Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton.
Moriyama might be better known in Ottawa as the man behind the angular, emotional Canadian War Museum, but city hall should not be dismissed. Its modesty belies an airy openness. Thousands of people pass through its doors each week. Some are just passing through, or only stay long enough to play a tune on the polished baby grand in the atrium. But countless others come to participate in the political process that ultimately gives the place its purpose.”
Source: Matthew Pearson, (May 2015), Ottawa Citizen. ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/ottawa-city-hall-turns-...
In a split second after I took this photo she walked away, and I couldn't help but wonder what her thoughts were as she had lingered at the artwork for quite a while before I took this photo. The white clothing she wore, plain and simple, made me think she could relate to the minimalistic and simple artwork she seemed to be admiring.
Some people just have Friendly written on their face. Leif was one of those.
I met him on Princess Street in downtown Kingston where he was working on a renovation of a store.
When I explained my Human Family project he smiled and said "As long as it won't get me in any trouble." When I said "You mean with your employer?" he replied "Oh no. I don't think so. I'm safety compliant" pointing at his hat and boots. He kindly gave me a few minutes of his time to do a project portrait. When I asked if he was Norwegian because of his name he laughed and said "Oh there's got to be some Viking in there somewhere."
I met Leif on the sidewalk and there were no pedestrians at the moment so I just positioned him in the middle of the sidewalk so the construction scaffolding would frame him.
When I asked about the building he was working on he said "I'm probably not the best person to ask. This is my first day on the job." We agreed it is one of Kingston's many historic buildings that has probably had many lives and Lief is helping renovate it for it's next commercial life.
He is originally from another part of Ontario but now he and all his family are together in Kingston. I said I could relate because all my family is together in Kingston now that we moved here nearly a year ago. Leif asked how we like it and I said we like it a lot but with settling in and with the pandemic, I feel we are still getting to know it.
"What do you like most about your job?"
"Oh, let me think. I guess it's the tangible sense of accomplishment. Every day I can see what I have done and that's rewarding."
"What message would you like to share with the world?"
"Hmmm. I'm not sure how to put it. I guess it's to put a higher value on your own happiness."
Thank you Leif for being a part of my project. You are my 879th submission to The Human Family Group on Flickr.
More street portraits and stories can be seen at:
The arch was built in the 16th century as an extension of the city walls to protect ships from looters, with a garrison and cannons on the roof. Oddly, its name only relates to former Spanish merchant ships which docked here, and the name was applied only in the 1800's.
Aardvark introduces Smells like... All Panic
We made a relatable gift version of our Smells Like....Candles.
Aardvark has a candle to shine a light on the funny things in life, maybe the odd smell and a shining support that sometimes, life is just meh.
This original mesh candle is left and right holdable and also comes in decor form
️ Copy / Mod
️ 100% Original Mesh
️ Decor : 1 land impact
️ Right/Left Holdable
️ Touch to light/extinguish flame
Available at the Mainstore
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Abused, Abandoned Jungle Dogs.
Back Story .........................................
Lots of freaky stuff happening on the roof this morning.
Was up all night with things to do. Left real early cuz I
wanted to.
Mama and Pumpkin met me at the gate, had big stories
to urgently relate.
Mama had rolled in something bad, the look on her face
was nothing short of sad.
The air was thick and warm to the touch, didn't look like it
would rain, all that much.
The bingo room was opened, as for Mama and Pumpkin, it was food they were hope-en .
The jungle was hot an full of tension, there was something important
they had forgot to mention.
During the night galactic super powers made their presents known, by leaving their mark, on Mamas private throne.
The message had gone out for help from above. And who
shows up, no other then Mr Spiderman, with his famous
Red Gloves.
...................................................................................................................
DJ did a trip to the dog doctor all right, actually that's a double round trip and he did it so well. At the end he wanted to stay in the sidecar, oh brother, pray tell.
.......................................................................................................................
Tomorrow the dog clinic is closed so no dog business except
for collecting a few more supplies. This was DJ's last run but
there's a bunch more to go. More mange medications was
picked up for Pumpkin as I do at the beginning of every week.
She's coming along quite well and looks pretty neat.
Thursday or Friday Legs will be in the sidecar followed by ?
I'll have to check the list cuz I forget who's after that. Starting
to become a blur, that's why I keep records and lists.
Anyway thanks for stopping by and leaving your comments.
And a Huge Big Thanks for those that send a donation..........
Thank You.
Jon&Crew.
Please help with your temple dog donations here.
www.gofundme.com/f/help-for-abandoned-thai-temple-dogs
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The title can relate to the car or this man's low riding pants. Decide for yourself. I have no idea what these two are talking about. For all we know, he may have a lesion on his stomach or maybe he painted a smiley face on his chest, or maybe he's just proud of his abs. In any event, it was an unusual moment in an interesting setting. The old 1958 Chevy Bel Air completes the scene. And yes, the horizon is off purposely. Havana, Cuba, March 2019
Best viewed large by pressing "L". All rights reserved
Thasos or Thassos (Greek: Θάσος) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area. Thasos is also the name of the largest town of the island (also known as Limenas Thasou, "Harbour of Thasos"), situated at the northern side, opposite the mainland and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) from Keramoti. Thassos island is a known from the ancient times for its termae making it a climatic and balneoclimateric resort area.
Prehistory
Lying close to the coast of Eastern Macedonia, Thasos was inhabited from the Palaeolithic period onwards,[1] but the earliest settlement to have been explored in detail is that at Limenaria, where remains from the Middle and Late Neolithic relate closely to those found at the mainland's Drama plain. In contrast, Early Bronze Age remains on the island align it with the Aegean culture of the Cyclades and Sporades, to the south; at Skala Sotiros[2] for example, a small settlement was encircled by a strongly built defensive wall. Even earlier activity is demonstrated by the presence of large pieces of 'megalithic' anthropomorphic stelai built into these walls, which, so far, have no parallels in the Aegean area.
There is then a gap in the archaeological record until the end of the Bronze Age c 1100 BC, when the first burials took place at the large cemetery of Kastri in the interior of the island.[3][4] Here built tombs covered with small mound of earth were typical until the end of the Iron Age. In the earliest tombs were a small number of locally imitated Mycenaean pottery vessels, but the majority of the hand-made pottery with incised decoration reflects connections eastwards with Thrace and beyond.
Antiquity
The island was colonized at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines; they founded a temple to the god Melqart, whom the Greeks identified as "Tyrian Heracles", and whose cult was merged with Heracles in the course of the island's Hellenization.[5] The temple still existed in the time of Herodotus.[6] An eponymous Thasos, son of Phoenix (or of Agenor, as Pausanias reported) was said to have been the leader of the Phoenicians, and to have given his name to the island.
Around 650 BC, or a little earlier, Greeks from Paros founded a colony on Thasos.[7] A generation or so later, the poet Archilochus, a descendant of these colonists, wrote of casting away his shield during a minor war against an indigenous Thracian tribe, the Saians.[8] Thasian power, and sources of its wealth, extended to the mainland, where the Thasians owned gold mines even more valuable than those of the island; their combined annual revenues amounted to between 200 and 300 talents. Herodotus says that the best mines on the island were those opened by the Phoenicians on the east side of the island, facing Samothrace.. Archilochus described Thasos as "an ass's backbone crowned with wild wood." The island's capital, Thasos, had two harbors. Besides its gold mines, the wine, nuts and marble of Thasos were well known in antiquity. Thasian wine was quite famous. Thasian coins had the head of the wine god Dionysos on one side and bunches of grape of the other.[9]
Thasos was important during the Ionian Revolt against Persia. After the capture of Miletus (494 BC) Histiaeus, the Ionian leader, laid siege. The attack failed, but, warned by the danger, the Thasians employed their revenues to build war ships [10] and strengthen their fortifications. This excited the suspicions of the Persians, and Darius compelled them to surrender their ships and pull down their walls. After the defeat of Xerxes the Thasians joined the Delian confederacy; but afterwards, on account of a difference about the mines and marts on the mainland, they revolted.
The Athenians defeated them by sea, and, after a siege that lasted more than two years, took the capital, Thasos, probably in 463 BC, and compelled the Thasians to destroy their walls, surrender their ships, pay an indemnity and an annual contribution (in 449 BC this was 21 talents, from 445 BC about 30 talents), and resign their possessions on the mainland. In 411 BC, at the time of the oligarchical revolution at Athens, Thasos again revolted from Athens and received a Lacedaemonian governor; but in 407 BC the partisans of Lacedaemon were expelled, and the Athenians under Thrasybulus were admitted.
After the Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC), Thasos again fell into the hands of the Lacedaemonians under Lysander who formed a decarchy there; but the Athenians must have recovered it, for it formed one of the subjects of dispute between them and Philip II of Macedonia. In the embroilment between Philip V of Macedonia and the Romans, Thasos submitted to Philip, but received its freedom at the hands of the Romans after the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), and it was still a "free" state in the time of Pliny.
Byzantine Era
Thasos was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, now known as the Byzantine Empire, from 395 on. According to the 6th-century Synecdemus, it belonged to the province of Macedonia Prima, although the 10th-century De thematibus claims that it was part of Thracia.[11] The island was a major source of marble until the disruption of the Slavic invasions in the late 6th/7th centuries, and several churches from Late Antiquity have been found on it.[11] The island remained in Byzantine hands for most of the Middle Ages. It functioned as a naval base in the 13th century, under its own doux, and came briefly under the rule of the Genoese Tedisio Zaccaria in 1307–13. Returning to Byzantine control, its bishopric was raised to an archdiocese by Manuel II Palaiologos. Thasos was captured by the Genoese Gattilusi family ca. 1434, who surrendered it to the Ottoman Empire in 1455.[11] Following the Ottoman conquest of the Despotate of the Morea in 1460, the former Despot Demetrios Palaiologos received lands on the island.[11]
It is related that the Byzantine Greek Saint Joannicius the Great (752–846) in one of his miracles freed the island of Thasos from a multitude of snakes.
Ottoman Era
Thassos joined the Ottoman Empire in 1456.[12] Under the Ottoman rule, the island was known as Ottoman Turkish: طاشوز Taşöz. Between 1770 and 1774, the island was briefly occupied by a Russian fleet. By this time the population of Thassos had gravitated to the inland villages as a protective measure.[13] Nearly 50 years later, a revolt against Ottoman rule arose in 1821, at the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, led by Hatzigiorgis Metaxas, but it failed. The island was given by the Sultan Mahmud II to Muhammad Ali of Egypt as a personal fiefdom in the late 1820s, as a reward for Egyptian intervention in the War of Greek Independence (which failed to prevent the creation of the modern Greek state). Egyptian rule was relatively benign (by some accounts Muhammad Ali had either been born or spent his infancy on Thasos) and the island became prosperous, until 1908, when the New Turk regime asserted Turkish control. The island was a kaza (sub-province), lastly of the Sanjak of Drama in the Salonica Vilayet, until the Balkan Wars. On October 20, 1912 during the First Balkan War, a Greek naval detachment claimed Thasos as part of Greece. From the day it reunited with Greece, it has remained so ever since.
Archaeological Discovery
On the November 23rd, 1902 issue of the New York Times (p. 5), it was reported that on the island of Thassos, archaeologist Theodore Bent discovered the tomb of Cassius, the one who slew himself after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Philippi in 42 B.C. Cassius was buried by Brutus at Thassos, where the army of the patriots of the Republic had established its base of supplies.[14][15]
Modern era
During the Axis occupation (1941–1944) Thasos, along with the rest of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, came under Bulgarian control. The Bulgarian government renamed the island "Tasos" and closed its schools as a first step towards forced Bulgarization. The island's mountainous terrain facilitated small-scale resistance activity. With the end of the war and the withdrawal of Axis troops, the island was caught up in the Greek Civil War. Skirmishes and Communist guerilla attacks continued on Thasos until 1950, almost a year after the main hostilities were over on the mainland.
Thasos, the capital, is now informally known as Limenas, or "the port". It is served by a ferry route to and from Keramoti a port close to Kavala International Airport, and has the shortest possible crossing to the island. Scala Prinos 20 km south of Thassos town is served by a ferry route to and from Kavala
Administration
Thasos is a separate regional unit of the East Macedonia and Thrace region, and the only municipality of the regional unit.[16] As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Thasos was created out of part of the former Kavala Prefecture. The municipality, unchanged at the Kallikratis reform, includes a few uninhabited islets besides the main island Thasos. The province of Thasos (Greek: Επαρχία Θάσου) was one of the provinces of the Kavala Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present municipality.[17] It was abolished in 2006.
Geography
Thasos island is located in the northern Aegean sea approximately 7 km (4 mi) from the northern mainland and 20 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Kavala, and is of generally rounded shape, without deep bays or significant peninsulas. The terrain is mountainous but not particularly rugged, rising gradually from coast to centre. The highest peak is Ypsario (Ipsario), at 1,205 metres (3,953 feet), somewhat east of centre. Pine forest covers much of the island's eastern slopes.
Historically, the island's population was chiefly engaged in agriculture and stockbreeding, and established villages inland, some of them connected via stairways (known as skalas) to harbors at the shore. The local population gradually migrated towards these shoreline settlements as tourism began to develop as an important source of income. Thus, there are several "paired villages" such as Marion–Skala Maries, with the former inland and the latter on the coast.
Geology
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The Island is formed mainly by gneisses, schists and marbles of the Rhodope Massif. Marble sequences corresponding to the Falacron Marbles intercalated by schists and gneisses, are up to 500m thick and are separated from the underlying gneisses by a transition zone about 300 m thick termed the T-zone consisting of alternances of dolomitic and calcitic marbles intercalated by schists and gneisses.
The rocks have undergone several periods of regional metamorphism, to at least upper amphibolite facies, and there was a subsequent phase of retrograde metamorphism. At least three periods of regional deformation have been identified, the most important being large scale isoclinal folding with axes aligned north-west. The T-zone is deformed and is interpreted by some authors as a regional thrust of pre-major folding age. There are two major high angle fault systems aligned north-west and north-east respectively. A large low-angle thrust cuts the gneiss, schist and marble sequence at the south-west corner of the island, probably indicating an overthrusting of the Serbomacedonian Massif onto the Rodope Massif.
The Late Miocene oil-producing Nestos-Prinos basin is located between Thassos island and the mainland. The floor of the basin is around 1,500 m deep off the Thassos coast (South Kavala ridge; Proedrou, 1988) and up to 4.000–5.000 m in the axial sector between Thassos and the mainland. The basin is filled with Late Miocene-Pliocene sediments, including ubiquitously repeated evaporite layers of rock salt and anhydrite-dolomite that alternate with sandstones, conglomerates, black shales, and uraniferous coal measures (Proedrou, 1979, 1988; Taupitz, 1985). Stratigraphically equivalent rocks on the mainland are clastic sediments with coal beds, marine to brackish fluvial units and travertines.
Mining history
The earliest mining on the island has been dated to around 13,000 BC, when paleolithic miners dug a shaft at the site of the modern-era Tzines iron mine for the extraction of limonitic ochre.[18] Mining for base and precious metals started around the 7th century BC with the Phoenicians, followed in the 4th century by the Greeks, then the Romans. These later mines were both open-cast and underground., mostly to exploit the island's numerous karst hosted calamine deposits for their lead and silver. Gold, copper and iron were also found; the Byzantines quarried marble on the island.
In the early 20th century, mining companies exploited the island's Zinc-lead rich calamine ores, with a yield of around 2 million tonnes, and a processing plant at Limenaria produced zinc oxide. Iron ore was mined on a significant scale from 1954 to 1964, with a yield of around 3 million tonnes. Since 1964, surveys have established the existence of a deep-level zinc-lead deposit, but the only mining activity on the island has been marble quarrying.
Economy
By far the most important economic activity is tourism. The main agricultural products on the island are honey, almonds, olives (famously Throuba olives) and olive oil, as well as wine, sheep, goat herding and fishing. Other industries are lumber and mining which includes lead, zinc and marble, especially in the Panagia area where one of the mountains near the Thracian Sea has a large marble quarry. The marble quarries in the south (in the area of Aliki), now abandoned, were mined during ancient times.
Communities
Towns and villages with over 100 inhabitants are:
Agios Georgios (149)
Astris (129)
Kallirachi (651)
Kinyra (104)
Limenaria (2,441)
Maries (182)
Ormos Prinou (122)
Panagia (820)
Potamia (1,216)
Potos (688)
Prinos (1,185)
Rachoni (365)
Skala Kallirachis (631)
Skala Marion (377)
Skala Rachoniou (206)
Sotiras (368)
Thassos (Limenas Thasou) (3,130)
Theologos (731)
Historical population[edit]
YearTownMunicipality
19812,312–
19912,600–
20013,14013,765
20113,24013,770
Beaches
Skala Prinos,with lots of pines, lying at a several kilometres length. This wonderful beach is ideal for swimming, clean and sandy. In 2004 it became a Blue Flag beach.
Pachis, with clear water and a lot of visitors
Rachoni, long beach with a forest
Glyadi, with golden sand and shallow sea
Skala Potamia and Golden Beach, one of the most clean beaches on the island. Also has a camping site, lots of restaurants, bars, and nightclubs.
Giola is a natural swimming pool with crystal clear turquoise waters! Giola is located in the village of Astris, a few kilometers from Limenaria and Potos, on the south side of the island.[19]
Saliara, with white sand (also known as Marble beach).[20]
Paradise, Paradise Beach is approximately 23 km from Thassos town via the coastal road that circles the Island. Although not signposted itself there is a signpost for the “Paradise Bar on the Beach” which is visible from the anticlockwise direction (keep an eye in the rear view mirror if travelling clockwise). There is space for a few cars by the main road (5-10mins walk).[21]
Metalia Beach Thassos: Metalia beach is situated on the foot of a villa at Limenaria. It is a fine sandy beach ideal for children and lies 39 km south west of Limenas, the capital of Thassos.[22]
Glykadi Beach Thassos: Just 4.5 km north-west of Port Thassos beach is Glikadi. Overlooking Thasopoula, this sandy beach of 150 meters with the blue waters offers relaxation in a lush natural environment. It is organized into umbrellas and sunbeds from a beach bar but no other infrastructure.[23]
Sights
Polygnotos Vagis Municipal Museum in Potamia
Archaeological Museum of Thasos in Thasos town
Polygnotos Vagis Municipal Museum in Potamia
Folklore Museum of Limenaria
Archangel Michael's Monastery
Saint Panteleimon Monastery:it was built in 1843 and became monastery in 1987. According to inhabitants of Thassos, someone wanted to built it in favor of Saint Panteleimon. The workers started the building at a location, but next day when they wanted to continue with the construction, the part they had built was destroyed and their tools were missing. It had happened on following days. One day they saw footprints on the ground and followed them until they founded their tools. Finally they built the monastery at that spot.
Monastery of the Assumption
Kastro: its foundation year is unknown. This village must have been created during the years of Frankish domination.
Krambousa Isle: it can be found across the coast of Skala Potamia. The thick vegetation make it impossible to explore all parts of it. It is full with spacial wild vegetable called "Krambi". The little church of Saint Daniel is located at the top of the hill. The inhabitants visit this church on the day of the Saint every year.
Notable people
Archilochos (7th century BC) warrior and poet. "You led us a thousand strong at Thasos, fields fattened by corpses."
Aglaophon (6th–5th century BC) painter, teacher and father of Polygnotus and Aristophon.[24]
Hegemon of Thasos comedian, inventor of parody
Leodamas (4th century BC) mathematician
Neseus of Thasos, painter
Polygnotos Vagis (1892–1965) Thasos-born US sculptor
Polygnotus (mid-5th century BC), painter
Stesimbrotos (c. 470 BC - c. 420 BC) sophist
Theagenes of Thasos Olympic boxer (480 BC), Pankratiast (476 BC) and runner.[25]
Vassilis Vassilikos (1934) poet and author
Demetrios Vassiliades (1958) Indologist scholar and author
The Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) is a medium-sized plover. The genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from pluvia, "rain". It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent. The species name fulva is Latin and refers to a tawny colour.[2]
The 23–26 cm long breeding adult is spotted gold and black on the crown, and back on the wings. Its face and neck are black with a white border, and it has a black breast and a dark rump. The legs are black. In winter, the black is lost and the plover then has a yellowish face and breast, and white underparts.
It is similar to two other golden plovers: the Eurasian and American plovers. The Pacific golden plover is smaller, slimmer and relatively longer-legged than the European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria, which also has white axillary (armpit) feathers. Overall, the Pacific golden plover is found to be more similar to the American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica, with which it was once considered conspecific as "lesser golden plover".[3] The Pacific golden plover is slimmer than the American species, has a shorter primary projection, longer legs, and is usually found to have more yellow on the back.
This wader forages for food on tundra, fields, beaches and tidal flats, usually by sight. It eats insects and crustaceans and some berries.
The breeding habitat of Pacific golden plover is the Arctic tundra from northernmost Asia into western Alaska. It nests on the ground in a dry open area.
It is migratory and winters in south Asia and Australasia. A few winter in California and Hawaii, USA. In Hawaii, the bird is known as the kōlea. It is very rare vagrant to western Europe. They return to the same wintering territory each year, which allowed scientists in Hawaii to attach tiny light level geolocator devices to the birds and then retrieve them the following year in the same location. This research revealed that these birds make the 4800 km non-stop flight between Alaska and Hawaii in 3–4 days.[4] (Wikepedia)