View allAll Photos Tagged Reasoning
Normally I would advise against clearing the swamp with a flamethrower, but there's just no reasoning with this guy.
That deep emotional conviction of the presence of a superior reasoning power, which is revealed in the incomprehensible universe, forms my idea of God.
Albert Einstein
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimantary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow.
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 18/02/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
The Habbakuk (or Habakkuk, depends on how you want to spell it!!) project was a bizarre and fanciful scheme dreamed up during the war as a way of providing air cover for convoys all the way across the Atlantic. Reasoning that ice floats, and icebergs don't sink, it was proposed(this is true, honest!!) that a giant unsinkable aircraft carrier be built of ice and effectively be a floating airfield that could carry and operate dozens, if not hundreds, of fighters. It is portrayed here operating Lancaster bombers, too!! A man called Geoffrey Pyke had invented a material called Pykrete, which was basically woodpulp mixed with ice to produce an immensely strong and cheap material to build the ship with. Theoretically a ship 4000 feet(1300m) long, 600 feet(190m) wide and of anything up to 2.5 MILLION tons could be built! The idea was considered to have enough merit for a model to built on a lake in Canada, in which country the fullsized ship would eventually be built because it could be frozen easier there, to see how the whole thing might work. The design was amended to be 2000 feet in length and a mere 1.8 million tons. Needless to say it never came to fruition, but some £6Million was spent on research and development. The model was sunk in the lake where it had been tested when the project was finally abandoned., and its remains were rediscovered a couple of years ago. To give an idea of the size we're talking about here, that escorting ship looks like it is meant to be a King George V class battleship!!
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimantary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 19/01/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
In August 2013, Arriva Yorkshire 639 was transferred to Heckmondwike depot. The reasoning for such was unclear, until rumours started circulating saying that the Volvo B7RLEs at the depot were to be sent to Blackburn for a refurbishment.
On the 13th August 2013, 1108 (YJ08 DVO) entered service, looking a little strange as it now wears Arriva's "Interurban" scheme as opposed to the older style livery.
Here is 1108, departing the White Rose Centre (15/8/13) on a 221 service to Mirfield.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not requiring the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 27/02/2020
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Radiometric dating based on unverifiable assumptions.
scienceagainstevolution.info/v8i8f.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
youtu.be/B1E4QMn2mxk
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 25/04/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example (deposited against the sea wall) confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Asakura Yoh (麻倉 葉 Asakura Yō) is the main protagonist in the Shaman King manga and anime series. He is the main heir of the Asakura Family and the maternal twin brother of the series' main antagonist, Asakura Hao. During the Shaman Fight in Tokyo 2000, he becomes a member and the leader of Team "Funbari Onsen". Sometime after the tournament, Yoh marries his longtime fiancé, Kyōyama Anna, and together they had a son, named Asakura Hana.
For the Flower of Maize, Yoh and Anna are Phillip M. Wyden's Helpers on Team Gilgames.
Appearance
Asakura Yoh is 13 years old at the beginning of the Shaman King series and a normal teenage boy. He has neck-length dark brown hair and he is constantly seen wearing a pair of orange headphones behind or on his ears. He normally wears his school uniform with his shirt constantly open but when it gets cold he will button up his shirt, wear a necktie and the standard school uniform jacket.
In combat, he wore a black vest and trimmed shorts with an orange lining, and wrap-up sandals. During the second round of the Shaman Fights, he is depicted wearing a shirt with a Funbari Onsen advertisement on it and sweatpants with sandals, and long black trousers, also with wrap up sandals.
In between the battles of the Second Round of the Shaman Fights, he wore a yukata, a blue robe tied together with an orange sash around the waist, where he keeps Amidamaru's memory tablet. Around his chest of his robes is yet another advertisement for Funbari Onsen and over his shoulders, he also wears a black cape.
Around the age of 17 and when Hana was still only a baby, he began to dress in jeans pants, a short-sleeved white t-shirt and a plaid printed scarf. His hair was slightly longer and just past his shoulders. At the age of 22 Yoh's hair is now waist length and wavier. He no longer wears his orange-colored headphones and bear claw necklace and instead of an open shirt, he now wears a plain white t-shirt. Attached to his orange pants is one of Hao's star earrings and he now wears brown leather sandals.
Personality
As a slacker by nature, Yoh maintains a carefree, laid back attitude about everything, even while achieving his goal of becoming Shaman King. Because he was alienated by everyone outside of the family, he instead chose to bond with other spirits and has decided that anyone who can see spirits cannot be evil.
Although generally seen as lazy and uncaring about most things, Yoh holds wisdom well beyond his age as he thinks outside common norms and principles, with many people being unable to read his flexible and unique nature. While his comments and general demeanour give an impression of irresponsibility and lack of commitment, which has often infuriated others, Yoh operates out of a sense of empathy. He does his utmost to help others (and himself) to stop carrying unnecessary burdens that wear him down, and potentially lead to self-destruction, something that is not initially perceived at first glance from his attitude, but has caused the many people he has met to start questioning themselves and the path they should follow. His signature phrase "Everything will work out" (なんとかなる nantoka naru) is a means by which he believes things will eventually turn out for the better, without stressing oneself unnecessarily over the things they are able to handle. Despite not looking like it, Yoh acts seriously in most all instances, but always tries to keep true to himself.
Because of his empathic nature, Yoh is rarely on bad terms with anyone and always decides to make friends with the people he meets. He even cares deeply about his friends, even at one point quitting the Shaman Fight out of a deal with Iron Maiden Jeanne to revive Tao Ren. Although he deep down disliked the idea of abandoning the fight, he nonetheless resolved himself, as he could not be at peace with himself knowing his friend was dead while being able to do something. It is also as a result of his empathy that he is able to try and understand his opponents' reasonings and motivations, comprehending their stances, but also showing where such beliefs might be misplaced and downright damaging to others and themselves.
Despite this, Yoh is openly against senseless violence and indiscriminate murder, showing uncharacteristic rage when people's lives are lost. He vehemently disagrees with the idea of revenge, as he believes it is an endless cycle of mutual hatred that only causes harm and never brings any conclusion or satisfaction and even drags third parties into the struggle, which will subsequently seek revenge on their wrongdoers in a never ending pool of spilled blood and conflict. He nonetheless, understands that actions have consequences and that such displays of irrational hatred will find themselves reversed, although he doesn't personally approve of such outcomes full of misery. It is because of these beliefs, that Yoh does in fact hold a negative view of humanity as well, as it is their greedy, self-centered nature that has caused great harm to the world for no real reason, but nonetheless doesn't succumb to the same levels of extreme misanthropy as Hao.
Even though it is rarely seen, Yoh truly loves Anna and has decided that, when he becomes Shaman King, he will make her life easy. Simply seeing her face for the first time, it made him blush. Before he left for America for the Shaman Fight, as Anna would ask him "Tonight... may I sleep beside you?" and his response was "Yes."
Abilities and Powers
Ever since Anna became his fiancée, Yoh has constantly been submitted to exhausting and painful training which in turn caused him to gain a tougher and stronger body. During the battle, he is very flexible, intuitive, and completely relaxed and calm at the same time. It is due to this relaxed and calm attitude that he learns to negate Furyoku attacks, a skill that is likened to a grass straw bending with the wind to avoid breaking. He later develops this skill into a technique that completely nullifies Furyoku and he learns to channel it through his Over Soul or using it by grabbing his opponent directly for more devastating effects.
Yoh becomes one of the Five Elemental Warriors and attunes his Furyoku to that of earth, this is first shown as he used metal to survive the lightning attack from Tao Ren. While fighting his way through the Plants, Kyōyama Anna looked through the Furyoku values of Yoh and the others. There it is revealed that his Furyoku is about 108,000.
Shamanic Techniques
As a shaman, Yoh has learned many techniques, amongst others from his grandfather, Anna, the cat spirit Matamune, and the Gandhara teams.
Ko-Oni Strike (小鬼ストライク Ko'oni Sutoraiku): One of the Asakura Family's onmyôji magic, Yoh summons Kooni from leaves; however, he never truly mastered the technique but displayed the capacity to use it at age 10, under the tutelage of his grandfather. At best, he could only invoke three from the leaves.
Ultra Senji Ryakketsu: Mikazuki no Harae (超·占事略決 三日月ミカヅキノ祓ハラエ Chō Senji Ryakuketsu Mikazuki no Harae, literally meaning "Full Moon Purification"): Yoh swings the O.S. "Oni Goroshi" in a wide sweep, resembling a crescent moon, and slashes through the target's body. It was used to vanquish the Oh-Oni that Anna created; however, it also depleted the reserve furyoku within Matamune, and as a result, sent him to the hereafter.
Sankiraimon (三帰礼文 , literally meaning "Three Refuges Prayer"): A sutra (お経 Okyō) taught to him by Anna, it is a Buddhist exorcism chant that will send any spirit with knowledge of Buddhism who hears it to the hereafter. However, the sutra does not work on spirits from different cultures.
Shamanic Oracle: A divination technique from the Chō-Senjiryakketsu, it enables the user to read an opponent's furyoku, determine its course, and dodge their attack. Effective use can render most magical attacks ineffective.
Weapons
Harusame was the personal sword of Amidamaru when he was still alive. Yoh acquired it after defeating Tokageroh, who had stolen it from the museum to get revenge against Amidamaru. Yoh later uses the Harusame as the main medium for his Over Souls.
The Futunomitama no Turugi is a red knife-shaped rock that has been owned by the Asakura Family ever since the time of Asakura Hao. It was once owned by a sword god and even though it is only made of rock, it is the perfect medium to create a sword Over Soul.
Spirits
Amidamaru is a 600-year old samurai that is Yoh's first guardian ghost. Always sticking by Yoh's side, Amidamaru is loyal and trustworthy and can enter Yoh's body through Soul Integration and later the Over Soul. Amidamaru is very powerful but quite taciturn and extremely devoted to Yoh calling him "Yō-Dono"(Master Yoh in the English version).
During the second round of the Shaman Fights, the Gandhara determined that Yoh was one of the Five Elemental Warriors, and according to Pascual Abaj, Yoh was destined to use the Spirit of Earth due to its connection to trees and metal. Yoh has only been seen using the Spirit of Earth to create gravity fields as a way of protecting himself and others from various attacks.
History
On May 12, 1985 in Izumo Shimane, Japan, Yoh was born as the younger twin of Asakura Hao. Yoh spent most of his early childhood living in Izumo with his mother, as well as his father's apprentice Tamamura Tamao. His grandfather, Yohmei, helped raise him in their family's ways of shamanism. For the most part, during his childhood, Yoh was rather lonesome, having virtually no friends outside his family and the spirits because of his shamanic heritage. Yoh was regularly an outcast by normal people, alienated because of his powers so he spends most of his time listening to music by his favorite artist, SOUL BOB. However, he always envisioned a better life for himself. This became his motivation to become Shaman King. Yoh's ambitions to become Shaman King began at age 4, when his grandfather told him about the Great Spirit and Yoh being the slacker that he was saw the possibility of an easy life and, from that day, decided to become Shaman King.
His training progressed slowly, but at age ten, Yoh was told of his engagement to the young itako, named Kyōyama Anna. It was at this time that he also gained his first Guardian Ghost, Matamune of the Cats—a cat spirit who had served the Asakura Family for over a thousand years. At Yohmei's request, Matamune returned from the underworld to escort Yoh to Mt. Osore, where he was to meet Anna, who had just finished her itako training with Yoh's grandmother, Asakura Kino. On his first day in Mt. Osore, Yoh encounters a young girl who receives him in a cool reception, leaving Yoh reeling. Awhile after, he was attacked by an oni on the streets, only to be saved by Matamune. Despite this, the two would eventually arrived at Kino's home and were properly introduced to his fiancée who turned out to be the girl from earlier, much to Yoh's shock and surprise. Though upset at first, Yoh slowly uncovered the mystery behind Anna and her Reishi ability. During a battle with an oni, Yoh's bravery coaxed emotion from Anna, whose negative emotions formed the oni, and dissolved it, though it cost Matamune the last of the reiryoku, causing him to disappear.
Coming to Tokyo
When Yoh moved to Funbari Hills to participate in the Shaman Fight in Tokyo and to find a ghost of his own. There he met the first friends he ever had Oyamada Manta, at the Funbari Hill cemetery after he enrolled at Funbari ga Oka, the same school as Manta. He fought with Ryu who had beaten Manta up, with the help of Amidamaru. Yoh used Soul Integration to merge with Amidamaru and to defeat Ryu. That was the time that Yoh chose Amidamaru to be his partner. However, much to Yoh's disappointment, Amidamaru declined.
Manta dragged Yoh along and told Yoh that it was not a good idea to be partnered up with Amidamaru. Yoh felt no evil in him and tried to discover why he declined. When they arrived at the Funbari Local Museum, they both saw the old and rusted Harusame sword and later at night they found a crying Mosuke, who had crafted the sword. He started explaining the past about his promise and that both waited 600 years. Yoh merged with Mosuke to craft the new sword for Amidamaru for the promise and showed the newly crafted sword to him. Amidamaru then decided to partner up with Yoh. Yoh later returned the Harusame back at the museum.
They had many adventures together, like freeing an angry earthbound spirit from a billboard, stopping a bully from throwing his life away, and rescuing children from a fire.
Shaman Fights in Tokyo
Silva from the Patch Tribe encountered Yoh at Amidamaru's gravesite and challenged him to a test to gain entry to the Shaman Fight. In order to acquire the Oracle Bell that would function as a permit, Yoh had to hit Silva just once. Yoh accepted and the battle commenced.
Yoh quickly integrated Amidamaru into himself and went in to strike, but hit Silva's O.S. Silver Shield and wondered what happened. Silva explained the Over Soul concept and sturck back with both Silver Horn, Silver Tail, and Silver Rod, slamming Yoh into the ground. However, Yoh figured out how to use the Over Soul and placed Amidamaru inside the Harusame. It succeeded and created an overflowing uncontrolled version of his very first Over Soul. Seeing this Silva swapped the Silver Arms to his O.S. Totem Pole Cannon formation and fired a blast of Furyoku. With the muscle memory gained from being fused with Amidamaru so many times, Yoh used the Buddha-Strike and deflected Silva's attack right back at him. This act made a cut in Silva's headband, thus hitting him and earning him the Oracle Bell and the right to participate in the Shaman Fight.
When Yoh returns home Anna chastises him for the Oracle Bell, thinking it's a pager and the hair on him, thinking he was with another woman. To prove her wrong Yoh decides to show her his Over Soul but fails because he is out of Furyoku. Yoh is about to be beaten by Anna, but the Oracle Bell beeps and Yoh is given his first match against someone named HoroHoro, taking place in the middle of an open square.
Before the fights start Yoh is given a battle costume from Anna something he openly complains about until Anna says she spends all night personally sewing it. Suddenly a voice calls out for Yoh above them and Horohoro drops sixty stories high and attacks Yoh to get his Over Soul working. The fight begins with Horohoro attacking, who at first dominated the match. After a while Yoh asks him what his dream is, to which Horohoro tells him his dream to create a massive field of butterbur. Yoh cries for him and considers forfeiting until Anna knocks Yoh back to his senses. The battle resumes and Horohoro attacks head-on but Yoh is ready for him. Yoh quickly counters everything Horohoro can dish out to the point where Yoh melts down all of the Musso Kurppe Horohoro had. Horohoro uses his most powerful attack of a massive avalanche. It worked to a point but Yoh busted through it and struck Horohoro ending the match and allowing Yoh to win his first match.
Yoh is put up against Johann Faust VIII in his second match of the Shaman Fight. Yoh ends up in Yokohama Cemetery for his next match Anna left with Silva to do something. Faust arrives and gave greetings to Yoh, and then proceeds to enthrall both Manta and Yoh with his history. He then pulls out Eliza Faust's skeletal remains while Manta runs off. Manta is however easily captured by Faust and is cut open. As Yoh goes through the summoned skeletons to hit Faust and rescues Manta, the Bell beeps announcing the start of the fight. Yoh worries about his friend but can not do anything but wrap a jacket around Manta's wound. Yoh fights Faust's undead skeletal soldiers but usees most of his Furyoku up. Silva finally shows up but cannot interfere because of the rules of the fight.
Faust focuses his Furyoku into Eliza while breaking three ribs and puncturing Yoh's left lung. Yoh tries to turn the tables on Faust's strategy against him and but can not fight off Faust's full power. Faust finally charges all of his Furyoku into Eliza and charges straight at Yoh who is able to cut down Eliza's legs. Yoh, however, looses as he runs out of Furyoku and is unable to maintain his Over Soul. this made Faust angered by a previous comment from Yoh about Eliza then attacks again but this time with a twenty-two-ton giant skeleton. just then Ren saves him and tells Yoh to train since they both will fight once more in three months.
Yoh winds up at the hospital after the fight to treat his injuries. Manta goes to his room and Yoh said that he didn't want to be Manta's best friend anymore causing Manta to run away. Yoh explains to Anna that he really did not want to do that but had to since he did not want to put Manta in such great danger.
As Yoh goes back home to Izumo the next day for training. Yoh meets his grandfather at the family mansion and tells him what he needs to do. Yohmei explains that Yoh must die and leads him to the Yomi Cave. He would wander the cave for seven days and nights with none of his five senses. He emerges seven days later to see Anna, Tamao, Manta, Ryu, and Amidamaru. Yoh is his usual self after emerging and Anna asks why he is not half dead to which Yoh answers it does not matter. The next day Yohmei gives Yoh one last test to strike down all his Shikigami. Yoh does so in one hit and gains a new Over Soul. Amidamaru starts talking out of nowhere and this makes Yoh panic. Yohmei explains that his Over Soul is on a much higher plane than before so Amidamaru can talk in Over Soul form. As Yoh leaves Izumo the next day full of confidence that he would win for sure.
Yoh prepares for his fight against Tao Ren and heads out to the location which is Mata Cemetery in West Tokyo. He waits with Manta until Ren shows up with a grand entrance, on a horse, and then taunts Yoh. Amidamaru and Bason attack each other and Ren dismounts his horse. The Oracle Bell rings and the match begins with Ren attacking Yoh violently. After a long series of furies and violent attacks, Ren is finally able to strike Yoh from a blind spot but Yoh easily blocks it and a shocked Ren wonders how he was able to see that. Suddenly Amidamaru opens his eyes and explains to Ren that Yoh also got his eyes. This opening allows Yoh to use a Buddha-strike finally breaking Ren's Over Soul.
Instead of just recreating his Over Soul though, Ren powers up his Over Soul and manifests Bason's entire upper body, except for the arms, on his Guandao. Charging straight towards Yoh, Ren smashed his Over Soul down on him like a hammer and proceeds to throw him into the air through his second attack is blocked. Ren materializing Bason's arms and slams Yoh into the ground. Yoh loses his Over Soul, but quickly recovers and Ren furiously continues his attacks against Yoh.
Yoh realizes that Ren is using more Furyoku in his Over Soul than he is and Amidamaru says Yoh must power up but Yoh says that he will stay as he is now and trust in Amidamaru. Ren seizes the opportunity and strikes but Yoh gets through it and destroys Ren's big Over Soul forcing him to lose a lot of Furyoku in one shot. Ren is quite furious about the loss and attacks again but does not know his attacks are landing. Yoh loses four Over Souls but stays calm. Ren has had enough and uses his horse and Bason at full power and goes in for the kill. Yoh counters with his own powered-up Over Soul and they both crash. Both Ren's and Yoh's Over Souls are destroyed at the same time and the match ends in a draw. Silva appears and tells them they have both passed to the second round. Yoh is overjoyed that he has passed and does not have to be punished by Anna. Yoh and Ren go to the opening ceremony and take a much-deserved break from fighting.
Yoh, Horohoro, Ren, Anna, Tamao, Pirika, and all the spirits are at Yoh's celebrating their entrance to the shaman fight. They party for most of the night. Ren leaves that night to head back to China and Yoh sees him off. A few days later Two Buddhist monks show up at Izumo. Yoh and Tamao believe that they are just normal monks asking for cash until they send Ponchi and Conchi to heaven. Yoh asks who they are and they capture Amidimaru's Memorial tablet explaining that they are the BoZ Brothers and they want to be Shaman King. Yoh attacks them to try to get back what they stole but is pinned down by the brother's spirits. Yoh busts through most of them but the BoZ keep using more and more Over Souls knocking Yoh down. The BoZ move in for the kill but Ryu shows up cutting down all of the Over Souls. Ryu reveals he is now a fully trained shaman and has won two matches already. The BoZ interrupt and try telling him their name but are cut down and the car they use is now in two pieces, forcing them to run
Bason all of a sudden crashes into the house and tells everyone that Ren has been imprisoned by his father. Bason explains some of what happened and disappears looking like he died again but reappears apologizing that he got carried away. Yoh quickly goes to China straight to the Tao compound.
Yoh, Ryu, Manta, Horohoro, and Bason enter the Tao compound and are greeted by Tao En's elite Jiang Shi, the Gohukuseitai. One of them cut Ryu's hair in two while the other attack Yoh and company but Horohoro move them to a safe spot. After Horohoro and Ryu manage to take down one each, they tell Yoh to find Ren while they handle the rest.
Finding both Ren and Jun in the dungeon, Yoh frees both of them and on their way back up defeat the Torture Brothers together with Ren. As they reach the entrance they find that both Horohoro and Ryu have been defeated by the remaining Jiang Shi that Manta identifies as Shamon, who also easily got the upper hand against Ren and Yoh, They are both saved by the arrival of Jun and Pyron who defeated with a single blow.
As they go upstairs they are confronted by the gigantic En who appears before him out of nowhere. Even though they all attack him violently he continues to regenerate from the impossible wounds and easily beats them up. It is only when Ren regains his "path" that he is able to see through the gigantic body, revealing it to be nothing but a mere Over Soul.
The night before Yoh leaves, Anna asks him if she could sleep with him, and Yoh accepts.
Traveling Through America
Yoh goes to the military base to go to the next point. He meets many Shamans that have passed the first round. Ren is there too, eating Takoyaki. The gang takes a break before the next test and come across Hao. Hao tells them to be prepared for a plane ride. Hao hits Horohoro so fast the gang could not sense it. Ren Over Souls and tries hitting Hao but misses because of the Spirit of Fire. Hao allies appear and they leave. The gang talks about what just happened and notice the Patch plane. Yoh is in his own world wondering why Hao looks like him. They all get on the plane and go to America. Goldva announces that the Over Soul plane will disappear soon and force the shamans to find the way to the Patch village on their own.
The plane disappears and the gang is dropped on Route 66, they survived the drop by using their Over Souls before they hit the ground and letting it take the damage. Amidamaru tries finding a town but can not find anything but the road. Ryu uses Big Thumb Over Soul to get Billy. Amidimaru marvels at the American West and Yoh likes it saying that it is good just going somewhere for change and is kind of like an adventure.
They go to the next town and find Lilirara who shows them the Patch Hao's past. They stay the night at her house and she hands them a map of their next destination. The gang goes to a hotel and sleep there for the night. The gang meets Lyserg Diethel the next day. Lyserg defeats Ren and Horohoro with ease. Yoh stops Lyserg when he attacks him. Lyserg is not done and uses the big ben wireframe. Yoh destroys it with help from Amidimaru. Yoh allows Lyserg to join them later.
They finally get to the Patch Village after a few days and adventures. Just outside the village, the gang encounters Hao's followers. The followers remark how much Asakura Yoh resembles Asakura Hao. Boris Tepes Dracula attacks but Ryu takes him down. Yoh climbs to where Boris landed and is appalled by what happened next. The X-Laws killed Boris and takedown Bill. Yoh stops the X-laws before they can kill him. Yoh attacks Marco Lasso for being a hairbreadth from killing Bill but Harsuame was broken in the process. Marco lets him live for being brave enough to fight him. The X-laws leave with Lyserg being happy at what the X-laws did. The gang takes Bill and goes to the Patch Village. The gang wanders underground for a while but realize that the path they took was so full of twists and turns that they got lost. They realize it was instinctual that they were lead there. Bill wakes up and tells the group that something bigger is coming and why the Patch put so many twists and turns. Bill then faints again and they finally enter patch village.
Shaman Fights Second Round
Yoh has a dream and wakes up in the Patch Restoration Chamber. Yoh shakes his head to clear it and finds Silva. Silva explains that the dream was a mere vision of the great spirit. Yoh sees the great spirit for the first time and gains great knowledge about the past, present, and future of the earth and he realizes the great spirit is a shapeless mass of trillions of ghosts and spirits. Yoh nearly faints again from the stress of the Great Spirit's power. Silva catches him and offers him some soup to calm his nerves and recover. Yoh is led out and sees Ryu and Horohoro. Ren is outside staring straight into the Great Spirit. Yoh and company roam the Patch Village for food and watching the competition.
Yoh and company wander past a gift shop and hear Anna complaining about a keychain. Yoh is alarmed by this and tells Anna to pay full price. Anna chastises him for his manner of dress and tells him about Manta and Tamao being inside the village. Chocolove McDonnell appears and explains that the next part of the fight will be a three on three-team battle. Chocolove also explains the three powers in this fight Hao's teams, the X-Laws, and the Buddhist Monk Faction of Gandhara. Anna realizes this fight will not be as easy as they thought. Ren puts his team together on the spot and goes off to register. Ryu wants Lyserg to be the final member of their team, but neither he nor anyone else has seen him or is able to find him.
Anna suggests Faust knowing what he can do in battle. They go to find a team member but find Faust with Manta on his lap. Faust asks if he can join them but is shot down by Ryu demanding that Lyserg be their final member. Faust leaves with Manta still on his lap.
The next three months were uneventful though they did get Faust to join and they master Hao's book. The team enters the fight as Team "Funabari Onsen". The Team is put up against Team "Iceman". Before the fight even starts Yoh uses his power to give a show of the "Spirit of Sword". Pino of the Iceman is thinking over the battle but the fight starts. The Iceman start fighting and targets Faust but is beaten back by Faust's new massive Over Soul O.S. Mephisto E. The Iceman target Ryu next but is also beaten back by the massive Over Soul O.S. Yamato no Orochi Go. Pino is frightened and backs off and he decides to attack Yoh. Yoh is blasted with a frozen shockwave. The attack does nothing and Yoh is fine due to the techniques he learns from Hao's book. Yoh tells the Icemen to come once more at full power.
The Iceman oblige with their most powerful move. Yoh uses his spirit of sword and defeats the Iceman. The gang celebrates with the Icemen and enjoy a break before they fight again.
Yoh suddenly arrives to save Team Ren from one of Hao's teams with a single slice of his Over Soul. Manta, following Yoh's instructions, brings the Iron Maiden to resurrect Ren. Horohoro leaves in frustration after hearing Yoh's deal with the X-laws, stating that he will kill Yoh if Ren is still dead. Jeanne tells Yoh that he is to withdraw from the competition in return for Ren's resurrection. Yoh agrees to these terms, surprising Marco. Team Funbari Hot Springs leaves the X-laws to fulfill their side.
Hao upon learning of Yoh's withdrawal sends Opacho on her first errand to ensure that Yoh stays in the Shaman Fight or else he will destroy the Golem and the children. Anna and Amidamaru convince Yoh to follow his heart. Leading to his confrontation with the X-laws. Using an Over Soul of himself with Mikihisa's spirits as a decoy, Yoh obliterates the angels and comes close to attacking the shamans themselves. However, Lyserg and Marco stop him. Only to get assistance from Luchist with his angel, Lucifer who quickly turns the tides. Yoh reveals that Marco's "masterpiece" is actually Jeanne and that Luchist plans to destroy the X-laws completely.
He tells Lyserg to create an Over Soul of himself using Mikihisa's spirits and Jeanne. While using Zeruel to bring Jeanne from her underwater torture. Yoh distracts Luchist from Marco only to be at his mercy. Shamash saves Yoh, who is relieved not to be executed. They destroy Lucifer which causes Luchist to faint.
After witnessing the new Over Souls from Team "The Ren", Yoh leaves immediately with Faust and Ryu for some serious training. After the training, Ryu comments on how awesome Yoh's new Over Soul is. Sati suddenly appears beside them and reveals that Yoh is to be one of the five warriors. She challenges Yoh to a fight but because time is running out, she uses a mantra and sends Yoh to Hell.
In Hell, Amidamaru and even Harusame appear next to Yoh. When they are greeted by the Oh-Oni from the past, Yoh believes the Matamune is there as well but does not find him. Yoh is led to the first level of Hell where Oh-Oni leaves Yoh to fight his next opponent. On the top of the stairs, he meets a person who looks similar to his father. Yoh cuts off his mask and calls him an imposter. The stranger replies that he is no imposter but the one and only Asakura Yohken. The very person who defeated Hao way back in 500 years ago.
Yohken quickly shouts to Matamune and he uses Ogre Slayer to tear through Yoh's arms. Yoh realizes that it is through willpower and thought that allowed Yohken to summon the Ogre Slayer. Using it himself, he is able to heal his arms and summon the Futunomitama no Turugi. He comments on how similar it is to an Over Soul and attacks Yohken with his new Over Soul: Spirit of the Sword: White Swan. With Harusame in his right hand as a sword and Futsu-no-Mitama on his left hand as a shield, Yohken realizes the power of such a combination and is pleased to finally face a worthy opponent.
Yohken retorts to using his most powerful technique the Dai Tengu. Somehow, Yoh counters the maneuver with his new technique: Amida-style: Na-Avidya. With it, Yoh purifies the Tengu and wins the fight. Only then does he ask to talk with Yohken and eventually Yohken realizes his arrogance made him blind to his situation. Suddenly, a Cho-Oni crushes Yohken's spirit and Yoh loses it. He crushes all the Onis except for one who is amazed by Yoh's spirit and tells him to go to Enma Daioh.
Yoh is eventually resurrected by Faust just as Ryu begins to attack Hao's men. Yoh takes down them with relative ease even though they were given immense strength from the Star Festival. Afterward, Yoh tracks down Anna in the forest where she under attack by Hao. Yoh convinces Hao to stop and the two have coffee together.
Before Team "Funbari Onsen" goes up against Team "The Ren", Ren announces how foolish Yoh is and that Hao will not except mercy from him. During the match, Yoh reveals his belief that Hao has no friends and is quickly attacked by Horohoro. Ryu intercepts him but loses his arms to his ice attack. Faust tries to heal Ryu but Ren fires a lightning bolt through him. With only Yoh able to fight he unveils his Over Soul and counters with Na-Avidya. Ren and Horohoro team up and take down Yoh. However, Yoh keeps coming back up because Ren did not have the heart to kill him.
The fight is eventually interrupted by the return of Lyserg and the rest of Team "X-I". Sati also appears and announced that Team "Kabbalahers" and her own Team forfeit and knowing that Team "Hana-Gumi" would do the same against Team "Hoshi-Gumi" both Team "Funbari Onsen" and Team "The Ren" gains a spot in the finals thus ending the fight.
Invading the Plants
Yoh, Ren, Horohoro, Ryu, Lyserg, Faust, Opacho, Chocolove, and Jeanne entered the Patch Plants in hopes of stopping Hao from becoming Shaman King. Yoh and the company entered the doors of the plants and encountered Silva. Yoh fought Silva with his second Over Soul and Yoh nearly won but Silva used the Patch song to increase his power and ignore wounds. he had to use his newly learned armor Over Soul and knocked out Silva. Silva awoke and wondered why he was not dead.
He managed to convey his desire not to kill unless he had to and Silva let them go into the plants. Yoh does not have much of a role in the plants until the lake plant where he took Faust's place after Faust had lost to the Patch Official Radim and then the grassland plant when he heals Horohoro of his injuries by placing the spirit of Faust in his body.
As the group finally arrives at the 10th and final "Plant of the Universe" they realize that there is no oxygen and no gravity and begin to wonder how they are supposed to fight in there. At first, Lyserg suggests that they all protect themselves with their own personal O.S. but Ryu suddenly interrupts and suggests that they all use the heads of his O.S. Yamato No Orochi so that the rest can fight at full strength. As Ren questions the responsibility he would suddenly have he says that he wants to be useful too as the seven is currently his best place.
When Hao finally awakens he sends a message to the Oracle Bells that reads "'so small".
He enters the final plant and effortlessly kills everyone with a simple glance, excluding Rutherfor, Opacho, and Yoh. Opacho commented that the Hao she knew wasn't here anymore and Yoh was able to deduce that Hao was controlling his body even though his spirit had already moved on as the Shaman King. Yoh then states that this Hao is nothing but a walking dead corpse and decapitates it. Hao, however, doesn't die most likely due to being omnipotent after his merge with the Great Spirit.
After he grins, Yoh's soul and Amidamaru are seen being absorbed by Hao. When Yoh wakes up, he realizes he must be inside the Great Spirit and Hao appears, revealing that he's actually inside him and in the highest society of the Great Spirit, the society of the Shaman King where only people Hao wishes to enter may come. The two start a conversation during which Yoh reveals that he too dislikes humans because they really are destroying the Earth. But he also admits that he could never go as far as to kill them, so Hao orders him to leave. Somehow Yoh is not banished and Ren, Lyserg, Chocolove, and Horohoro appear too. A fierce battle between the 5 Elemental Warriors and the Shaman King begins, only they are evenly matched by the Great Spirit`s Over Soul. Before Hao can destroy the Elemental Warriors with a black hole, the Soul Train appears to anchor the five. Yoh is able to calm down Hao and tells him that his late mother was always beside him as a spirit. After Hao reconciles with his mother, he lets everyone return to Earth but told Yoh that he still hates humankind, only will let them sort out their problems before he passes judgment, and not to be so impertinent.
Funbari no Uta
During the time skip between the main series and Funbari no Uta, Anna has married Yoh and has given birth to a boy named Asakura Hana. She and Yoh begin traveling the world with their infant son, but while in the Middle East they were killed and ended up in Hao's realm in the Great Spirit. There Anna forces him to revive all three of them through blackmail. Hao does so while implanting Oni's into Hana to act as a fail-safe to prevent him from dying. Sometime after this Hana is given to Tamao to be raised under her care and after Anna and Yoh have been away for a long time, Hana comes to believe Tamao is his real mother. Anna was briefly seen in the Funbari no Uta walking with an adult Asakura Yoh, from the Funbari Hill station back to the Inn.
When Yoh and Anna finally arrive in Funbari they get lost in the airport, something that greatly annoys Ren when he learns of it and calls for Ryu to pick them up. When Chocolove, Ren, and Horohoro discuss their last encounter with Hao, Yoh and Anna finally arrive and Yoh says his catchphrase that "everything will work out in the end" and says that it will because that is what they promised him. Yoh is revealed to have grown very tall and his hair is extremely long. He then awkwardly tries to apologize for his and Anna's absence by saying that they had things to do all around the world and could not come back earlier. At first, Hana seems to be in tears and even stutters the word "daddy" but suddenly attacks Yoh with a Welcome Home Kick right to his gut.
Reunion party
The Five Warriors and Manta reunite.
As they return to the Funbari Inn, Yoh and Anna sit down at the shrine of their dead friends and family and make their prayers. Towards the end, Ryu prepares a feast and they are all seen having a party together and even Manta arrives at the joy of everyone except Ren who was attacking Horohoro.
Later during the night, a parcel arrives from the Patch Village and Anna comes in to reveal it is a book over the Shaman Fights that had transpired in Tokyo. She says that their battle has not yet ended and that they should remember that the next Shaman Fights are only half a millennium away. When Yoh, lying in front of her, says that it was so far ahead in time that even the Oh-Oni would laugh at her she stomps on his face and calls him naïve. As the group muses over who could have written it, Yoh gets up and asks Anna directly while tending to his sore cheek. She says that the next fight maybe five centuries away but she still wants one of the Asakura descendants to take the Shaman King crown, and orders Yoh to start reading it. She gives Yoh a death glare and says that he dare not forget the promise he made her.
Flowers
He is only mentioned by name and appears in a flashback and a 13-year-old version of himself is summoned by his brother, Hao, to test his son who is the same age.
Trivia
The kanji for Yoh's name 葉 means "leaf" in Japanese.
His name "Yoh" alternatively means "Yo", the North American slang interjection of greeting.
His orange colored headphones were actually "stolen" or at least, taken without permission from his father, Asakura Mikihisa. In addition, the Soul Bob records were initially Mikihisa's and Yoh took them along with the headphones.
He and Anna got married after finishing middle school.
Yoh's hobby is listening to music.
Yoh's favorite food is curry udon.
😁✔😂✅😀💯😉🔱😍✴🤔🎯🍔😏🐶🏯😭📣
___________________________________________
A year of the shows and performers of the Bijou Planks.
This is a gashapon toy we picked up a long time ago in Japan. I believe he had a eye hook screwed into his head with a key chain.
Shaman King
Yoh Asakura
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied.
Some of the wealth of field evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimantary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. see diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action i a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown beach, Isle of Wight. Formed 20/01/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Yaverland, Isle of Wight. Formed 31/01/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
The initial five creatures in this collection all hail from the planet Joltendio, located in the Alpha Octant and being the first planet from said octant's sun, Shinnes.
• Mexotrill: A large, brutish carnivore that falls under the same general classification as the Sardoompa, Grobehom and Dredurcoz of other planets (Xekawiy, Alfriiden and Ergnoplis, respectively) in regards to its role in the ecosystem of its own planet. The Mexotrill is cyclopic and semi–cephalothoracic, lacking a neck of any description and with its "head" containing some of the internal organs that would, in almost any other creature, instead be found in a more clearly–defined torso than this one has. Its most prominent feature is its massive, gaping mouth, which has ten teeth, five of which are small and standard and the other five of which are multi–layered and almost Treymoz–esque, and three separate tongues, the middle specimen of which is larger, stronger and more essential than the peripheral two. Mexotrills have several bluish or yellowing tufts of hair similar to those of the Silahsomes, which is a manifestation of Joltendio's small gene pool in which some genetically–determined physical traits are shared between different creatures (similar phenomena are also present in the ecosystems of Logdlind, Poulbrim and Hulptos). Note that the limbs and extremities of both the humanoids and the beasts share some similarities as well and for the same reason. The Mexotrill's main natural enemy/rival, which it will attempt to eat but which will also attempt to kill and devour it, is the Tinkorement, and while individual Tinkorements are generally unlikely to be able to overpower their larger, stronger and more durable rivals, they often make up for this through teamwork whereas Mexotrills are loners that are rarely found in close proximity to others of their kind. As Tinkorements are concerned, Mexotrills generally wait for their enemies to come to them rather than seeking their rivals out and are thus rarely the first to attack, which is convenient for the Tinkorements considering that they are passive and defenseless approximately half of the time.
Full–grown Mexotrills stand between seven and ten feet tall; at birth, they are roughly a third of their final size, and grow at a steady rate over the first ten–to–fifteen years of their fifty–plus–year lives. Mexotrill durability values range from 1,600 to 2,500. Like all beings from Joltendio, they have a very high threshold for heat and thirst, and they are most often found in the particularly "dust bowl"–like areas of the planet, rarely crossing paths with the Silahsomes and usually leaving the humanoids alone when they do encounter one another.
• Kiselount: A small (basically Flufewog–sized), mammalian beast that has the reputation of being "Silahsome's Best Friend", and with good reason; the Kiselounts and Silahsomes share one of the best relationships between man and beast that can be observed in any part of the Prime Galaxy. Originally herbivores that made their natural homes amid the more forest–or–jungle–like regions of Joltendio, most Kiselounts are presently found living among the settlements of the humanoids that have domesticated their race over the years and to whom they now serve as guardian pets. Some, though, can still be found in the wild, and the Silahsomes leave this portion of the Kiselount population alone, having no intention of removing the creatures from the natural element of the Joltendion environment entirely. Kiselounts are both highly intelligent and highly empathetic for non–humanoid animals. In the wild, they are/were very resourceful and adept at survival, being able to cobble together simple structures to serve as dens or "houses" as well as basic handheld tools and frequently using reasoning and cunning to evade predators such as Tinkorements and other potential dangers. They mate for life, are very caring and protective of their young, which they devote several years to raising, and have even displayed long–term recognition of specific individuals of their kind (and eventually of the Silahsome race) outside of their immediate family units. The characteristic vocal noise produced by Kiselounts is a sort of low purring, and they have durability values between 300 and 500.
Since as far back as can be recorded, Kiselounts and Silahsomes had gotten along well when initially encountering one another in the wild, and the development of the relationship between the humanoids and the animals, including the latter's domestication, was a gradual process, and neither its beginning nor its completion can be assigned to any singular date. While the creatures initially served as simple "cute" pets to their masters after starting to be domesticated, the Silahsomes, in time, began to further explore the potential of the Kiselounts and what they could be taught to do, eventually training the diminutive animals in basic martial arts and the ability to stand and walk upright. Today, most of the Kiselounts living with Silahsomes are more than capable of aggressively protecting their masters in the event that they are attacked, and thankfully, the humanoids are not exploitative of their pets' willingness to fight and die for them.
• Silahsome: Joltendio's humanoids. Silahsomes are blessed, honorable warriors with strictly average body shape and size for a humanoid race but multiple, just as noticeable distinctions that make them more physically unique than most of their peer species in the mortal realm, to say nothing of their personalities and culture. They are solar–powered beings that actively thrive in and gain power from exposure to sunlight, whose negative effects they are largely exempt from. As a result of this, Silahsomes are significantly stronger and healthier, both physically and mentally, during the day than during the night. The primary color of their skin is, rather appropriately, a golden yellow hue, which becomes brighter or, in some cases, even glows when they are particularly "saturated" with solar energy. Although it is, for obvious reasons, almost never a life–or–death issue for them, Silahsomes do indeed need sunlight to live; as a biological necessity, it is secondary only to oxygen, water and food for them, and if one is deprived of it for several consecutive days, it will die. Although they are at their very strongest when their entire bodies are exposed to the sun, they wear at least some clothing or armor at almost all times, for the sake of modesty and decency. Silahsomes have third eyes that provide, in addition to more acute vision, enhanced general willpower and concentration, and even more notably, two mouths, one strictly for eating and the other strictly for speaking (while it is possible for them to at least try to form words with the "eating" mouth, the "speaking" mouth can do so much, much, much more clearly and easily). Three separate tufts of bluish hair atop the head of a Silahsome constitute the only hair on its body. The default durability value of a Silahsome is 750; when an individual is fully "charged" with solar energy, it may raise to more than 1,000.
Silahsomes are presently fairly technologically advanced, having efficiently evolved their civilization over the years from one of basic, isolated villages to one consisting of small but respectable cities with working trade and communication lines between them. They consider it their most important duty as a people to be willing and able to serve the greater good should a major crisis arise, and to this end they have always produced strong warriors, most notably thwarting two separate Skellen invasion attempts on their planet without any outside help during the Fourth Century Relative. The Silahsomes as a whole are very devout and equally as level–headed; most notably, they have never fallen for the tricks of the wandering sun–possessing Primal Deity Alth'Solda, despite their kind being by far the most obvious candidate for turning to such a deity. As explained above in the creature's "biography", the small mammals known as the Kiselounts have long served as the loyal pets of the noble humanoids.
• Tinkorement: A cold–blooded creature of dubious classification, effectively being halfway between a reptile and an insectoid. Tinkorements are tall, slender creatures with four tentacle–like legs and hands consisting of a large, scooping claw and a single articulate tendril. In addition to various plants and small, generic insects and rodents, their dietary options include Poxiwolps, Kiselounts (although they are now scarce in the wild) and Mexotrills (with which they are mutual predators). Despite being known to prey on most other local forms of animate life, it would be inaccurate to call the Tinkorements the most hostile creatures on Joltendio, seeing as they are not always so vicious. The Tinkorement possesses what essentially amounts to a split personality, with its default disposition being harmless and passive and its alternate "form", which gradually emerges and takes over as the beast grows hungry, being just about as vicious as any non–demonic predator anywhere. And while most predatory creatures attack and kill only when they are hungry and feel the need to, none have as evident a duality as the Tinkorement, whose passive state, as it reemerges after eating, appears to be oblivious to the very existence of its counterpart; the "transformation" from either state to the other is clearly involuntary. In their peaceful state, Tinkorements will never attack even if threatened, though this is largely a non–issue, as the only creatures that will ever naturally attack them are the Mexotrills, who rarely, if ever, leave their own territory to seek their rivals out; when the two creatures fight, the Tinkorement(s) is/are almost always the initial aggressor.
Tinkorements live mainly in the deeper parts of Joltendio's pseudo–forests/jungles, with their legs possessing great speed and stamina and allowing them to easily travel well beyond the immediate regions where they make their homes. They each operate alone most of the time, being apathetic towards one another, but sometimes form temporary groups, mainly for the purpose of taking down Mexotrills, which they are seldom able to outmatch when attacking alone. Tinkorements notably have two pairs of eyes, with the outer, very "buggy" eyes on the sides of their heads providing a completely standard range of vision and the inner, bright red eyes providing infrared and X–ray vision when active, during which times they glow dimly but visibly. Whether it be by coincidence or intelligent design, this trait heavily compliments the creature's dual nature. The durability value of the average adult Tinkorement is 800.
• Poxiwolp: An amphibious crustacean that is generally seen as being useful for little more than food. Poxiwolps are the most water–dependent animals on Joltendio (which is to say that their hydration needs are average by general standards), and they make their homes in and near the large, shaded oases sprinkled across the planet's otherwise drier–than–most landscape. They are omnivores, mainly eating the leafy greens and small marine life forms found in said areas, are not a predatory threat to any of the other Joltendion species showcased in this very entry, and are, indeed, the only animals listed here that the Silahsomes hunt and eat. Physically, Poxiwolps are short and stout, having rather large craniums and lower bodies with five point–ended legs that resemble hands/feet and their digits. Their actual hands consist of claws similar to those of the Tinkorements; another example of the often–overlapping genes present in Joltendio's creatures. Poxiwolps are of very little intelligence, with their activities largely being limited to eating, excreting, breeding and aimlessly waddling or swimming around. The durability value range of the Poxiwolp is 400–500.
The next three creatures, seen to the right of the former five, are inhabitants of the Demioid homeworld of Zornemim.
• Kingletort: A large, lumbering and lumberingly large quadruped that has long been used by Demioid aggressor forces, both of the original military and of the Dynamo Legion, as a weaponized war beast, and the only significant creature to be prominently and successfully exploited by the Demioids in this way, as opposed to being one of many varieties as is the case with Gorlunian war beasts. Kingletorts possess elevated bodies held up by very long legs, necks that are (proportionally) even longer than said legs and support rather small heads, and lengthy, segmented tails with large, blunt and heavy end–pieces. They may stand up to or even more than twenty feet tall, though their overall body mass is lesser than that of the comparable Ergnoplian Treymozes, and have durability values ranging from 3,000 to 4,000. Other physical features of the Kingletort that are worth mentioning are the four arced, pillar–like structures on its back and the thick beard on the chin of most males. Despite being herbivores, Kingletorts are highly aggressive and territorial, attacking at the slightest provocation, or even for no apparent reason. In nature, they live among traveling herds of their own kind, which are each led by what Demioids have insistently termed an "Omega–male". The role of omega–male is frequently fought over, often leading to fights but rarely to deaths – after all, a Kingletort can take a lot of abuse, and is intelligent enough to know when it is outmatched without needing to be fatally wounded to realize this.
Roughly one–third of all Kingletorts are presently kept in captivity by the Demioid population. Initially taming them was highly difficult on the part of the wicked humanoids, with the process of securing the animals as a loyal asset taking a matter of years and resulting in much loss of life for both concerned species. After the initial "batch" was successfully tamed, however, obtaining more of the creatures became much easier, since the offspring and subsequent descendants of those captured from nature could be trained starting at birth. Demioid–controlled Kingletorts are generally used in tank–like roles, being ridden by anywhere from one to several soldiers at a time and providing elevated positions to fire down at enemies on the ground from. They also can, and have been, further trained to demolish small or medium–sized buildings.
• Sisealiun: A hostile arthropod of moderate size and having an uncommon body shape in which the "upper" part of the body is positioned upright but the "lower" half is elapsed horizontally so that the creature can walk on all six of its slender legs. It possesses a long, muscly tail ending in a potent stinger that injects venom which is more often than not fatal to most humanoids and consistently carries the nearly immediate effects of severe swelling and paralysis. Death, when it does occur, strikes following a deceptive delay of several hours, after which the more immediate symptoms have usually started to subside, thus potentially giving victims a false sense of recovery, assuming they escaped the attacking creature in the first place after being stung. While this is obviously the Sisealiun's primary method of attack, it may also attempt to inflict harm using its clawed hands, which are basic as far as appendages of that description go. Sisealiuns exhibit significant amounts of the wrinkled, squishy flesh that is found in some form in all Zornemian creatures and which may or may not be an effect of the long–standing demonic influences on the planet, it being present mainly on their particularly wide craniums. They are immune to being harmed by most poisons (predictably including their own), acids and other volatile substances and are known for recovering from injuries the equivalents of which would be fatal to almost any other creature; this is to say that even when a Sisealiun appears to be dead or dying, it may very well not be. Despite this, they have ironically short natural lifespans, seldom living for more than twenty years. The durability value of any Sisealiun specimen can be expected to be no less than 500 and no more than 900.
Sisealiuns live in groups of six–to–twelve in hives/nests that are variably located either underground or in craters. These nests provide not only shelter for both living specimens and eggs (which are produced through standard intercourse–induced fertilization, are laid in batches of three–to–five, and hatch very quickly but have a high stillbirth rate), but also for storing food supplies in the form of victims whose decomposition is slowed by the very same venom that killed them. These creatures are considered vile even by the vile–in–their–own–right Demioids, whose various attempts to tame Sisealiuns for usage as attack/guard animals have consistently failed.
• Naimosper: Considered the least repugnant of Zornemim's native creatures, which is not saying much, the Naimosper is a passive beast–hominid that eats only plants and small insects and attacks only when threatened. It is similar to a Trylepibe in both size and durability value (~500), and can be distinguished by its large, webbed hands and, even more strikingly, its secondary pair of eyes, the spheres comprising which sit atop thick, ropey tentacles that protrude from the sides of the creature's head. The Naimosper's large, heavy, semi–metallic feat which produce louder–than–average footsteps when hitting the ground are also worthy of note. The creature's "face" consists of two vertically–stacked eyes, between which is a small, simple slit of a mouth, surrounded by several bumps/splotches of varying color. It has no visible nose nor ears, and its sensory organs for both smell and hearing are instead collectively contained within the thousands of tiny pores that cover the surface of its body, with the greatest concentration being in/on the hands. When threatened or otherwise provoked, a Naimosper will attack with slaps and punches, and if it manages to incapacitate its attacker or attackers, it will usually flee as soon as they are incapacitated, rather than deliberately finishing them off. Naimospers are the most common prey of Sisealiuns, and Trylepibes have also been known to eat them on occasion. Due to longtime Demioid domination and exploitation of Zornemim and its resources, their numbers plummeted in the decades leading up to the evil humanoids' height of power under the Dynamo Legion, with the Naimosper species eventually becoming severely endangered shortly before the defeat of the Dynamo Legion by the Eggmen Super Team and their allies, after which its population returned to normal levels and became stable again due to the resultant collapse of Demioid society.
At the bottom–left is the sole demon variety that will be catalogued in this particular grouping of beings:
• Veksinpora: A small humanoid demon, being marginally larger than a Shindoke, with an armored physique and some mechanical qualities. Veksinporas are agents of toxicity, pollution and, more specifically, chemical warfare, with their main ability being the production and spreading of poisonous gases, mainly of the sulfuric and arsenic varieties. These gases are primarily emitted in streams through the pair of chimney–like structures jutting out diagonally from the top of the Veksinpora's head, but can also be manifested in small, functionally grenade–like spheres of energy conjured in the demon's hands. In either case, these poisonous attacks rely on Infernal Energy, of which a Veksinpora possesses a moderately deep, regenerating personal supply, to be activated. This demon is asexual in every way, although its voice, while still somewhat androgynous, resembles that of a male more–so than a female voice. On its lower face is a perpetually present gas mask–like mouthpiece that prevents it from eating, not that it requires any physical sustenance, which most demons do not. On a Veksinpora's back is an almost reptilian shell (pictured here to the left of the creature's frontal–view main image) which displays a hazard symbol positioned parallel to but distinct from another, different hazard symbol on its chest. If this shell is removed, which is extremely difficult to do by force, the Veksinpora will die, but not before releasing a massive payload of particularly deadly toxins that basically constitute an explosion. As a suicide attack, this can be trigger this voluntarily, but unlike other beings capable of offensive self–destruction, Veksinporas have an above–average sense of self–preservation, and because of this self–worth they will do this only as a true last resort; only in situations where death seems guaranteed either way.
The Veksinpora is usually said to have been one of the final extant species of demon to come into existence, with the first "batch" supposedly spawning in and around the City of Drenn near the time of the Relative Calendar's invention (i.e. shortly either before or after Age 0) and the first recorded sighting of one in the mortal realm taking place in Age 12. The Veksinpora's overall level of power is on par with that of the "Greater Beings" of each of the Seven Deadly Sins, and it is sometimes referred to by the colloquially–assigned title of "Being of Pestilence". Its durability value is a precise 800, and there seems to be little variation, in terms of both abilities and physical form, between individual specimens. Veksinporas are more intelligent and articulate than most demons, their personalities being much like the Hoilidants' would be were those demons not so inherently predisposed to subservience; this is to say that they are sophisticated and pragmatic, but usually disgruntled. Though Veksinporas can speak fluently in terms of wording, their speech, as it is heard by those around them, always ends up coming out in muffled form due to their "masks"; this contributes to their aforementioned general disgruntlement.
A great number of Veksinporas have worked for the Arcane Order, sometimes as "sleeper agents" and generally taking orders from Princess Tzsicsz (who has some powers similar to theirs). Most notably, the demons almost certainly provided the inspiration for and definitely provided much of the bodily material for the creation of Lord Reson's artificial bioweapon known as Toxie #6, for which potentially hundreds of them were cannibalized. The "terms" of their being sacrificed to create the pseudo–Abomination are uncertain, but given the relatively high value they tend to place on their own individual lives, it seems unlikely that all of these Veksinporas gave themselves up voluntarily.
The final three creatures in this meta–set are all mortal animals, each coming from a different planet.
• Pegushike: A hostile large insectoid found on Finngaed, the Omega Octant planet ruled by the vampiric but mostly peaceful Wabacawlers. It is the most prominent local hazard that said humanoids have to deal with when traveling, and furthermore, due to its lack of warm blood, they cannot use it for feeding (or any other constructive purpose, for that matter). The Pegushike is known for its obscene number of limbs, having exactly a dozen – six arms and the same number of legs – in total. While its six legs are identical in form to one another, having standard shafts and clawed, lightly armored feet, each of the creature's three pairs of hands, as well as their respective arms, are distinct from one another. All of the Pegushike's hands, however, are simple, and having only one pair of them would be inadequate for allowing the creature to survive and thrive in nature; as it stands, the three pairs it does have need to be frequently used in conjunction with one another for maximum efficiency. These beasts have torsos that are wide and rounded but not particularly tough, and structures atop their heads that may appear to be horns but are actually soft nervous muscles which constitute the most vulnerable points on the creatures' exteriors. They are rarely, if ever, found alone; the presence of one Pegushike usually signifies that more are nearby, even if their positions are not readily visible; note that they commonly use hide–and–ambush tactics. While attacking, the primary instruments used by Pegushikes for inflicting harm are their mouths and teeth; here, their hands are used mainly for getting a hold of prey, rather than for directly dealing fatal blows. Pegushikes vary considerably in size, stand anywhere from two to four feet tall during adulthood. Their durability values, which generally correspond with the relative sizes of various individuals, range from 300 to 600.
• Mingoradra: An obscure and strange beast that inhabits the equally obscure and strange planet of Brinanzy, best known as the homeworld of the unintelligible Manciatents. Mingoradras are slug–like creatures of limited proportional girth but large body scale, the lengths of their partially–upright forms reaching upwards of twenty feet in some specimens and them being the largest native creatures on their planet. They are very chaotic and unpredictable beings with inconsistent behavior in terms of their dispositions toward Manciatents, being known to sometimes be so aggressive as to venture into Manciatent settlements and attack the inhabitants without provocation, while at other times remaining passive even when the humanoids venture into their territories within Brinanzy's swamps, forests and moist caves. Being a simple sort of folk and lacking much physical brawn with which to fight the creatures, the Manciatents usually play things safe by trying to avoid Mingoradras whenever possible, not just due to the possibility that they will attack but also, in part, because they are just plain creepy. The Mingoradra is one of the only creatures to possess multiple heads… of sorts. While the creature does have three separate articles resembling heads, only one of these, the central one which sits atop the torso in a fairly standard manner, contains a brain. This disproportionately small main head resembles raw flesh in texture and features a small mouth with very thick and prominent lips, three minuscule, pupilless eyes in a horizontal row, and no other features. The other, peripheral two "heads" are attached to long, flexible articles that largely resemble arms but are officially classified as necks, and consist mainly of large, singular eyes and sharp–toothed mouths that can flip open so widely as to make the head itself resembles a toilet bowl. Both the visual organs and the mouth organs on the Mingoradra's peripheral quasi–heads are far more powerful and useful than their weak counterparts on the creature's primary head, and thus it is them on which the beast primarily relies for seeing and eating, with its actual head mainly serving only as a control center. Behind each of the three heads is a cartilaginous half–cylinder–like structure that seems to be present to prevent decapitation. Each of the Mingoradra's actual arms, located further down the torso, branches into two "sub–arms" at the midway point equivalent to an elbow joint, resulting in the creature having four hands, the "extras" of which possess more claw–like fingers compared to the "normal" hands. The durability value of an average Mingoradra is 1,200–1,500.
• Critsauda: A mammal of average size found on Ithpinbo, the pseudo–jewel–laden home of the blissfully ignorant Wevaracti. It is currently listed as a "threatened" species and monitored as such, with dozens of specimens being kept in multiple off–world MetaQuariums just in case. Critsaudas are about four feet tall, and walk on four sturdy, closely packed legs and feet while having upright torsos, a body shape shared with relatively few other creatures. They have very long, gangly arms that are significantly hairier than any other parts of their bodies and each boast two upward–curving "spikes" projecting from their rear–sides. Similar protrusions are also present near the creature's waist level. The Critsauda has poor overall eyesight, constantly experiencing a visual filter that essentially amounts to moderate diplopia (double–vision), but this is compensated for by very acute hearing. Critsaudas are omnivorous but tend to lean towards primarily plant–based diets, and while normally living alone following the roughly three–year period for which they are raised by their mothers (fathers move on almost immediately after mating), they are known to sometimes form temporary cooperative groups, which individuals may join and leave as they please. The true defining trait of the Critsauda, however, is not any of these attributes, and relates neither to body shape nor behavior, but rather to body composition. This creature's body naturally contains and grows, particularly in the chest cavity and atop the head, a variation of sapphire crystal. This crystal, which naturally occurs only within the bodies of Critsaudas, is considered the rarest and most sought–after substance on Ithpinbo, where all the other jewel–like materials whose presence is a defining feature of the planet are too abundant for obtaining them to be a real issue, and the only Ithpinbon jewel that is worth significant coin off–world. This has caused Critsaudas to be hunted, or rather poached, by both Wevaracti and traveling seekers of profit for their crystals, the removal of which is fatal, which in turn is the reason for the creature's semi–endangered status and increasing rarity.
The Critsauda's maximum lifespan is about forty years, though crippling symptoms of old age begin to set in shortly after the age of thirty, and it is rare for one of the animals to survive long enough to be able to die of old age, especially given that it is frequently hunted by humanoids. Its mean durability value is 750; slightly higher than it would be were it not for the creature's crystalline features.
"If you persist in trying
To attain what is never attained
(It is Tao's gift)
If you persist in making an effort
To obtain what effort cannot get;
If you persist in reasoning
About what cannot be understood,
You will be destroyed
By the very thing you seek.
To know when to stop
To know when you can get no further
By your own action,
This is the right beginning!
-Merton, Keng's Disciple, Way of Chuang Tzu
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident, and subsequently eroded by water flow revealing the strata/layers.
Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed 17/11/2018 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Dichotomies in action...
and diagonal reaction...
each one with its shadow
looking for the ball to play *
Steve and I just recently had our ten month aniversary. I woke up and he was next to my bed, holding this rose. Reasoning be because of a verse in the bible saying how your wife is "as beautiful as a rose." He's beyond sweet, and alllllll mine ;)
Sorry i haven't been updating often! i plan on quickly getting out of that habit. especially with college photography classes on the way :)
Holga 120N
Los Angeles, California
December 2010
Flickr Explore #208!
The reasoning behind the burnt edges roots back to my childhood ultimately; I always had a fascination with flames. The true reason for this particular photograph is that I had accidentally whited out the edges of the print while using the enlarger. This resulted in useless prints. By burning the edges I created an interesting finish to the print and made the flaws unnoticable. RC paper has more than one layer, so I was able to make "tears" in the paper. I browned the white space by holding the flame about a half-inch from the paper. All in all, the print turned out much better than expected.
Rapid strata formation experiment.
A simple experiment, as above, can be performed by anyone with an empty plastic bottle.
Why is this important?
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top. Indeed, micro-strata were regarded as being somewhat similar to tree rings, indicative of a relative timescale (annual/seasonal).
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer/stratum comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
Changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils found within the rocks.
The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
A sort of circular reasoning was applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on the preconceived idea of evolutionary progression) used to date strata in the Geologic Column.
Although these assumptions may have seemed logical at the time, we now know they are not supported by the evidence.
The mechanics of stratification had not been properly studied.
An additional and unfortunate factor was that the assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the general acceptance of Darwinism, for the vast (multi-million-year) ages required for progressive, microbes-to-human evolution.
Thus, because the presumed, fossil record had become dependant on it, there was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, especially as any change in the status quo would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
Unfortunately, the effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinist ideology effectively stymied any study which didn’t treat the presumed, evolutionary, fossil record as though it was an irrefutable factor. The linking of geology/stratification with Darwinism is known as biostratigraphy.
There is now a wealth of evidence which refutes the old assumptions regarding strata formation. Some recent, field evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However, they claim it is an occasional, or very rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does not invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing mechanism of sedimentary deposition occurring whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water.
Experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a wealth of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal, everyday occurrence.
It is clear from experimental evidence that strata are not usually formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed, but by sediment being sorted in moving/flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram.
Rapid strata formation at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092
In the diagram (link above), (Y) which is the normal, everyday mechanism for strata formation (discovered by experiments), we can see that a fossil (A) in the top strata is actually older than a fossil (B) in the middle strata. And both fossils (A) & (B) are older than the fossil (C) in the bottom strata.
Put simply, when a stratified, sedimentary deposit is laid down in flowing water, all the strata upstream is deposited before all the strata downstream. This means all strata upstream is always older than all strata downstream.
So strata at the top can actually be older than strata at the bottom of a rock formation. Which strata is older in sedimentary rock can only be determined if we know the direction of the water current at the time the sedimentary deposit was laid down.
This completely overturns the idea that fossils found in lower strata must always be older than those in upper strata. it completely debunks the idea of index fossils (biostratigraphy) and of a fossil record based on depth of burial or geological/ecological eras.
Examples:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/45113754412
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/29224301937
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/40393875072
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/44552032162
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposition in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in these photos ...
Rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
Examples in the photos www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
are the result of normal, everyday tidal action each occurring in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, considerable depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. It does not require the many millions of years assumed to be necessary by evolutionists.
It is also evident that the composition of individual stratum formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
Experiments demonstrate the rapid, stratification principle.
and field evidence supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Rapid strata formation videos:
A wealth of field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. The natural examples observed in field studies confirm the principle demonstrated by sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the widely accepted, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) combined with field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, and frequently in a single event.
Most importantly, in such cases, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Field studies of natural, stratification processes confirm the experiments carried out by sedimentologists and show that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession.
Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils certainly needs to be reassessed.
The observed, rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
The vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that virtually all rock formations which contain good, intact fossils were formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Radiometric dating based on unverifiable assumptions.
scienceagainstevolution.info/v8i8f.htm
Geology the dreadful science. Principle of Superposition falsified.
malagabay.wordpress.com/2013/07/08/geology-the-dreadful-s...
More about strata formation.
creation.com/geological-strata
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
2013 Copyright Susan Ogden
I never want to leave either...
i miss my beach, especially after the shocking sight that met my eyes when i went out to husk some corn at the edge of the woods today. There...sitting on the black metal ledge of one of the dump truck roll off containers, was a VERY autumn looking leaf. All reds and golds and oranges, smeared across the face of it....brazenly staring at me. Stopped me in my tracks, it did. i took an iphone shot of it for instagram....recording forever the moment i felt my heart sink with the knowledge that summer is almost gone. It is only August....please, Mom Nature....SLOW DOWN. i feel despair, forming along the edges of my being...dread can not be far behind. If you must make fall arrive so soon, i am begging you Mother Nature, let fall linger well into at least December...even January....(sigh....my plea's are falling on deaf ears, but i have to try reasoning with her...winter makes me cry.)
The KOM League
Flash Report
For week of
August 7 thru 13, 2016
Introduction:
Time passes rapidly and keeping up with all the surviving members of the KOM league is a daunting task. In this section of obituaries are death dates of; April 10, 1949, February 25, 2015, July 25, 2015, and January 29, 2016. The most recent death came as a shock for I found and spoke with the gentleman, for the first time in December of 2015, following a two decade attempt at doing so. Within a month of that conversation he died and it took me eight months to find out about his passing.
Each time I read an obituary the Bible verse found in Hebrew 9:27 comes to mind. I could recite it here but if you look it up on your own it will stay with you longer. I am thankful that judgement is in the hands of a Higher Power not talking media heads, politicans, pollsters or voters. That is my political statement of the week.
****
Richard E. Sager –1946 Pittsburg, Kansas Browns
To date, Richard Sager was the most difficult former KOM leaguer to locate or determine their fate. When he reported to Pittsburg, Kans. in 1946, as a pitcher, his hometown was listed as West Coxsackie, New York. Over the two decades of searching for him there weren’t many clues. It was established, to my satisfaction, that he enlisted in the U. S. Army or December 12, 1942 at Albany, New York and that his father worked in either a pharmacy or a medical laboratory in 1925.
On August 4, 2016 I somehow came across a newspaper in the New York State Library. The name of the publication was the Green County Examiner Recorder which was published weekly in Catskill, New York. The April 14th 1949 edition was printed on Thursday which gave me the answer to the day of Sager’s passing. Here is the obituary and you’ll see he had to die on April 11th even though that fact wasn’t stated specifically. No date of his birth was given but by deductive reasoning he was born in 1924. The Pittsburg, Kansas Morning Sun listed his age as 22 when the St. Louis Browns assigned him to the KOM league. Later I located Sager’s tombstone and it lists his year of birth as 1924 and that he served in the Army Air Corps. www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=161047716 Thus, his birthday would have come after April 14 of 1924.
The obituary:
Robert E. Sager-24, son of the late Fred and Elizabeth Young Sager passed away at Memorial Hospital, Catskill on Monday. Funeral services will be held from his late home on Hailey Street, Coxsackie, this afternoon at 2:30 p. m.. Burial will be in Riverside Cemetery. Full military rites will be accorded to the deceased who was a veteran of WW 2. Surviving are a sister, Mrs. Dorothy Schoonmaker and a brother, Donald, both of Coxsackie.
Comment:
Sager is another of the many former KOM leaguers who never appeared in any record book. Honestly, after all the years of searching I never expected to find a trace of him. However, it has been a challenge to document the coming and going of every person to have worn the uniform of a KOM league team and now the list of guys still not found, or their fate determined, is down to 90 out of around 1600 who played in at least one game.
****
Elden Edgar McHugh – Miami Blues 1946
www.legacy.com/obituaries/dodgeglobe/obituary.aspx?page=l...
Photo of deceased is on the aforementioned site. Compare it with the link I have for him in the introduction to this article.
Introduction:
Since the start of searching for former KOM leaguers I had no success in locating Elden Edgar McHugh who played for the Miami, OK Blues in 1946. Then came December of 2015 and in the last Flash Report of the year I wrote an article about finding McHugh, in Kansas City, Mo. and even included a photo of him with his Dodge City, Kans. High School basketball team. www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/23565523889/ How thankful I am that I found him for just over a month after doing so he passed away. I just located his obituary on August, 1, 2016. His obituary matches the story he related in our interview with the interview information being a bit more descriptive.
Obituary:
Elden Edgar McHugh, 92, was called to his Heavenly home on Friday, January 29, 2016. A celebration of Elden's life will be held 1:00 PM, Friday, February 5, 2016 at the Avondale United Methodist Church. Visitation will held from 12:00-1:00 PM. Burial in Dodge City Cemetery at a later date. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to Avandale United Methodist Church.
Elden was born September 20, 1923 in Bucklin, KS to Anna and Perry McHugh. The fourth son of 5 boys, Elden and his family moved to Dodge City, KS where he and his brothers grew up together during the Great Depression. Elden loved to play sports of all kinds and was the first All State Tackle for his high school team, the Dodge City Red Demons. After high school, Elden joined the Army Air Corps where he served in the European theater of WWII as a tail gunner in a bombing squadron. From November 1944 to March 1945, Elden's unit flew 27 missions over Europe and North Africa.
When Elden returned home he met and married Frances Jean Carey. Together they raised two children and shared over 67 years of marriage. The family moved to Pineville, LA when Elden was transferred by Farmland Industries to manage the office of their newly built ammonia plan in nearby Pollock, LA. Later he was transferred to Kansas City's home office in 1979 where he later retired. Elden and Frances stayed in Kansas City for the remainder of his life. Elden was long-time member of the Avondale United Methodist Church.
He was preceded in death by: parents; older brothers, Orville, Harold and Virgil McHugh and younger brother, Noble McHugh. Elden is survived by; wife, Frances (Cary) McHugh, Kansas City, MO; son & daughter-in-law, Tim & Susan McHugh, Covington, LA; daughter, Sandra McHugh-DeAtley, Kansas City, MO; grandsons, Nick DeAtley, Hunter, Cole and Wesley McHugh as well as eleven nieces and nephews. (arr. Heartland Cremation 816-313-1677)
Published in Dodge City Daily Globe on Feb. 3, 2016
Ed note:
With the passing of Elden McHugh the lone surviving member of the 1946 Miami, Okla. Blues is Robert E. Field of Hutchinson, Kansas. On August 27th he will celebrate his 94th birthday. I have known Field for many years. In his youth he was the batboy for the Hutchinson Pirates of the Western Association during the 1937-38 seasons. One of the players during his batboy tenure was Frankie Gustine who encouraged him to try out for professional baseball when he was old enough. www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&am...
__________________________________________________________________________
****
William Frederick Conroy Jr.-- Carthage Cubs 1950
www.legacy.com/obituaries/chicagotribune/obituary.aspx?pi...
William Conroy Jr, 81, of Palos Park at rest Feb. 25, 2013. Veteran of the United States Army. Devoted husband of 56 years to Dorothy (nee Griffin). Father of William III (Karen), Kathleen (John) Steed, Kevin (Helen), James (Roseanne), Gregory (Roseann), and Jean (Mark) Link. Cherished grandfather of Jennifer (Adam) Cresse, William IV (Patricia), Timothy, Maura, Meghan, Daniel, Kerry, Kylan, Erin, Abigail, Patrick, Ryan, Emily (Landon) Thomas, Brenna, Kaitlyn, Michael, Meghan, Colleen, Devin, and Sean. Great-grandfather of Andrew, William V, Patrick, and Alex. Dear brother of the late Rosalie (late John) O'Brien, Marguerite (John) Knoebel, the late Thomas (Diane), and Patrick (Kathy). Fond uncle and friend of many. Mass celebrating the life of William Conroy Jr March 16, 2013 at 10:00 AM. Our Lady of the Woods Church 10731 W 131st Street Orland Park, IL 60462.
Published in a Chicago Tribune Media Group Publication on Feb. 28, 2013
Ed comment:
Conroy was an 18-year old third baseman when he reported to Carthage for the 1950 season. He was born October 7, 1931 in Chicago, Ill. He was left Carthage on May 25th of that year and went to Nazareth, Penn. in the North Atlantic league. He spent time with Danville, Ill. of the Mississippi Ohio, Janesville, Wisc. and Visalia, Calif. of the California leagues in 1951.
Conroy was another of the former KOM leaguers with who I communicated and like most of the guys they were thrilled to have been able to play baseball and then to be remembered a half century later.
____________________________________________________________________________
****
Frederick Stephens Carthage Cubs 1949
qctimes.com/news/local/obituaries/frederick-stephens/arti...
ROCK ISLAND — Frederick Stephens, 83, passed away peacefully at his home in Rock Island, surrounded by his loving family on July 25, 2015.
Cremation will take place at Trimble Crematory, and there will be no services. The Cremation Society of the Quad-Cities served the family.
Fred was born Aug. 9, 1931, to Alvin and Myrtle Stephens. He graduated from Wilton High School in 1948.
He was united in marriage to Bonnie Johansen in 1950 at the Little Brown Church in the Vale.
Those left to honor his memory include his wife of 64 years, Bonnie; their children, Randall Stephens of California, Gregory Stephens of Moline and Vicki (Barry) Neal of Bloominton, Minn.; grandsons, Derek Neal and Kevin Neal (fiancé, Laura Johnson); brothers, Alvin Stephens of Sun City, Calif., and Douglas (Jean) Stephens of Gilbert, Ariz.; and sisters, Glenda Johnson of Moscow, Iowa, and Rea Kay Bohnsack of Wilton, Iowa. He was preceded in death by his parents; a brother, Russell Stephens; and a sister, Sylvia Jacobs.
The family wishes to extend a special thank you to Genesis Hospice.
Ed comment:
Contact had been made with Stephens a number of years ago. He was a shortstop, for a brief time with the Carthage Cubs in 1949. Upon reporting to the team his hometown was listed as Wilton Junction, Iowa in the local newspaper. However he was born in Cranston, Iowa. During his first season in professional baseball he also played for Clinton, Iowa in the Central Association.
After his one year in the Chicago Cub chain he was picked up by the Philadelphia Phillies and played for that organization at Bradford, Penn., Lima, Ohio and Salina, Kansas. His major handicap was hitting the baseball. He was a 185 pounder who hit his weight exactly at Salina--.185 and came close to it with Clinton, Iowa when he hit .182. He hit .060 below that figure while at Carthage. But, when I last spoke with him he said he was having better luck at his favorite pastime, going to the local casinos.
______________________________________________________________________________
A Flash Report reader gets won bobble head
For the past couple of years one of my most frequent contributors of stories and comments has been Bernie Gerl of Joliet, Illinois. He was a survivor of the Duluth , Minn. Dukes bus crash in 1948 that stands alone as the worst incident in the history of professional baseball. Recently, he was awarded with his own bobble head. To see it and Bernie go to this site:
www.duluthnewstribune.com/sports/baseball/4084640-former-...
______________________________________________________________________________
Former Iola Cub bares the naked truth (really)
This is a message from Shawna Clough written for her father, Russell White. A few months ago I located the three-game performer for the 1946 Iola Cubs. That story was carried in the Flash Report at the time White was located.
Hello John, after reading these KOM reports, some of them have been rather down lately, so I convinced my Dad to tell you a little about himself. (Ed note: Down as in depressing due to obituaries much like this report.)
Here is what Russell White had to say:
I have been a little lax in writing to you as so many things happening, you'd think we were in the prime of our lives.
So, to settle things down and get on with the story, "This is my life."
(I was) Born April 27, 1926 on an Indian reservation in Oakville, WA. Wasn't there too long, only until the age of two when my Dad got a job in another town.
At six, we had moved and rented a house in Home, WA (a nudist colony). At seven (we) had moved to Longbranch, WA where I attended grade school. Proceeded to Vaughn to attend high school and where my short baseball career was started.
Having started in centerfield, I soon was called to pitch and did so until I graduated. In high school at that time, a scout from the Chicago Cubs was sitting in the stands and interviewed me and I was off to Visalia, CA to play with the Visalia Cubs (C), then was sent to Iola, Kansas (D) league where I pitched for the Iola Cubs to get prepared for the jump to the "Big League".
Unfortunately, this did not happen, as the story goes I found out later, my mother said she needed me home rather than me playing baseball. I regret that it happened that way, but - I would not have met Lauretta Murphy the love of my life. I had, before going to Visalia, drove school bus at the school where she went to, and taken a post grad course presumably wanting to be an archeologist.
After coming back from Iola, I played some baseball with the Cammarano Bros. in Tacoma, WA, the Gig Harbor Merchants, Port Townsend and Longbranch teams.
I then got a job working on a 65' freight boat trucking hay and feed to co-ops on the Sound (Puget), also became an engineer for a while. It had a 1912 steam landing barge motor in it. Like you John, I could go on forever about it but that's another story. It ran aground on a reef in the Sound and was then retired.
After that, I had begun cementing a relationship with this little Irish gal that I had met before, then I got a job as a meter reader for the local light company and retired from it in 1988 after 38 years. And to make a long story short, we tied the knot August 14, 1948 and on that date August 14, 2016 we will have been together for 68 years.
I may be leaving out a lot of my life story but the only thing that really matters to me is your "stab in the dark" and the "blast from the past" that brought my short story out of hiding.
I thank you again John for the call that made my day for the rest of my life. Russell White
__________________________________________________________________________
Mistakes become opportunities
In the previous edition of this publication I enclosed a link for Jerry Staab which announced the former Blackwell Bronco and his wife had celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. Well that story was true, mostly.
Shortly, like within ten seconds of it reaching Walter Babcock, on Cape Cod, Mass., he sent me a note that it was Ed Staab, not Jerry, who pitched for the Ft. Leonard Wood Hilltoppers in 1953 and led the team to the National Baseball Congress Tournament in Wichita, Kansas. Of course, being of superior intellect and memory I knew Babcock was right. Moments later Babcock advised me to locate Ed Staab for him and this is the sequence in which the “search” unfolded.
JOHN, THANKS FOR THE INFORMATION, BUT IT IS THE WRONG STAAB. DARLEEN AND ED WERE FROM BROKEN BOW, NEBRASKA THEY MOVED TO CALIF. AND WE VISITED THEM THERE. THAN THEY MOVED TO ARKANSAS TO BE NEAR THEIR SON. THAT IS THE LAST WE HAVE EVER HEARD FROM THEM. WE HAVE TRIED TO LOCATE THEM BUT WE HAVE NEVER SUCCEEDED. MAYBE YOU CAN FIND THEM FOR ME. WALT
Ed reply:
Huh!! I must have lost my mind. The Staab's I communicated with over the years had moved to Colorado and were from Wichita. Mrs. Staab was from the Blasi family who were amateur and professional baseball players from Wichita and a couple are in the Kansas Baseball Hall of Fame. Richard Blasi played in the first game Bartlesville ever played in 1946, he had a triple and never played in another game.
Send me everything you have on Staab and I'll apologize in the next Flash Report to my five or six readers and then go in search of the "real" Staabs.
Gerald Raymond Staab played for Blackwell, OK in 1952 and then went into the Army. Obviously, he isn't the same guy who pitched for Ft. Wood. Do you have Ed's middle name. My Staab was from Wichita and moved to Longmont, Colorado.
I think I mentioned Edward Staab to Gerald Staab's wife a long time ago and if I'm not mistaken I think they were cousins.
Ed note to Babcock a few minutes later
Edward and Darleen Staab were living in Kearney, Nebraska in 1955 and he was enrolled in college. I can find a Darleen Alethia Staab who once lived in Orange, Calif. and now resides in Clarksville, Tenn. This Edward Staab has the middle initial "R."
The only other Darleen or Darlene Staab listed anywhere is in the State of Wisconsin.
There are still a lot of Staab's in Broken Bow. Here is a link to those with telephones. www.switchboard.com/name/staab/broken-bow-neb
Ed note to Babcock in an attempt to get feedback on efforts to date
I guess you got my message about the Staabs. If they lived in Nebraska and then went to California they are now in Clarksville, Tenn.
Babcock’s reply:
JOHN, THAT IS CORRECT INFO. HOW DO I GET A PHONE NUMBER? WALT
Ed reply:
You can get the information in various ways such as; going on Switchboard.com, operator information, guessing or wait to see if I can find one.
Ed reply about five minutes later
Try 913 552-_ _ _ _. The address is 215 Uffelman Drive. Clarksville, TN
Ask him if he is any kin to Jerry Staab who used to live in Wichita, Kansas. I think they are cousins. That's about it. Ed is now 85 so call him soon.
Babcock’s reply
JOHN, THANKS FOR YOUR EFFORT. IT WAS A WRONG TELEPHONE NUMBER, BUT I WILL WRITE HIM A LETTER AND HOPE I GET IN TOUCH WITH HIM. THANKS, WALT
Ed reply:
I'll try another way to find it. Try 931 648 _ _ _ _. If that doesn't work try 931 362 _ _ _ _. I believe that will get you his son.
Babcock’s reply:
JOHN, THANKS A LOT. I GOT IN TOUCH WITH MARK, ED’S SON, AND HE GAVE ME ED’S NUMBER. HAD A SHORT TALK WITH HIS SON AND ED ALSO. ED’S WIFE HAD A STROKE AND HE MOVED INTO AN ASSISTED LIVING PLACE WHERE THEY CAN HELP HIM CARE FOR HER. HE SAID HE WAS USING A CANE FOR BALANCE. IT WAS NICE TO CHAT WITH AN OLD FRIEND. I FELT HE MAY HAVE A FEW HEALTH PROBLEMS THE WAY HIS VOICE SOUNDED. THANKS AGAIN. WALT
Ed reply:
See what happens when I made a mistake and had Jerry in the role of Ed. I think there were about a half dozen of the Staabs who were cousins that played professional baseball in the 50's and even into the mid 60's. They were from places like Wichita and Catharine, Kansas into the Broken Bow and Lincoln, Nebraska areas. I think one of those boys even lived for a time in Paris. That isn't the place where they speak French but in Missouri where they speak the local tongue.
Ed note:
Edwin Roy Staab began his baseball career in 1951 with Duluth, Minn. in the Northern league. He started off with a 5-6 record his initial year and in 1952 he posted a 16-5 record. When he was drafted into the Army he was sent to Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri where he picked up the same pitching form he had demonstrated with Duluth in 1952.
______________________________________________________________________________
Extra credit reading assignment
One in a while I come across an interesting tale of a former KOM leaguer who went on to make his mark in life in a field other than baseball. A shortstop who stopped off briefly Carthage, Missouri, in 1949, later became a highly successful assistant and head coach in Wisconsin.
Bruce Knapton’s exploits are contained in the following story:
www.beloit.edu/archives/documents/archival_collections/fa...
____________________________________________________________________________
Midweek quiz results.
Well, the quiz I shared in mid-week about a former KOM leaguer doing a bunch of things resulted in the same outcome as when I shared it six years ago. Everyone responding was incorrect except for the person who stated “I don’t know.” He really wasn’t alone for no one else came up with the correct answer, either.
That quiz can be chalked up to my reporting over the years not being very good or else people can’t remember what was shared in past reports. That quiz was in a KOM League Remembered newsletter when it was still being printed, stapled, folded, addressed, stamped and taken to the United States Postal Service where it was mutilated and very often not delivered. That quiz was also featured in three editions of the Flash Reports during January of 2010. As I recall there were only two readers who came up with the correct answer. One was former Carthage Cub pitcher, Paul Hoffmeister and Larry Gilmore of Arkansas City, Kansas who was the son-in-law of Howard Scheurich . Scheurich was mentioned in a recent Flash Report as having passed away and was one local ballplayer Mickey Mantle couldn’t hit.
I had to mention Mickey Mantle for every response received, sans one, with regard to the quiz thought it was him. Here are the quiz questions and answers.
ANSWER IS JOE STANKA
The response to each of the points regarding the quiz.:
• Born in a small Oklahoma town in 1931. --- Born in Waynoka, Okla. July 23, 1931
• An all-around athlete. Played basketball, football and baseball in high school. Waynoka
High School.
• Signed with a New York affiliated Major League team. ---Signed with Brooklyn Dodgers in 1950
• Played in KOM league during first year. His initial foray into the league was anything but spectacular. --- Played for Ponca City Dodgers and also with Shawnee of the Sooner State league.
• Played on a pennant winning and league playoff championship KOM league team. Played for both the 1950 and 1951 champion Ponca City Dodgers.
• Married his high school sweetheart after her graduation. --- He had graduated prior to her. The wedding was in December. Married Jean McDaniel on December 13, 1949.
• His wife wrote a book which now brings over $100 a copy on e-bay. ---Title of book "Character, Culture and Crises." A great story of the hardships of a family of a baseball player struggling to make it to the big-time. This book carries the haunting account of how a gift Stanka won for being the MVP of the 1964 Japanese Series was instrumental in the death of one of his son’s. Hey folks, this is a great book.
• Was the father of four.--- Three sons and a daughter
• Recruited heavily by a major Oklahoma university.--- Recruited by the legendary Henry Iba to play basketball for Oklahoma A &M. That is now Oklahoma State Univ. He attended college for one year playing on the freshman team.
• Made it to the Major Leagues.--- (American League) Joined the Chicago White Sox in late 1959.
• Loved the taste of alcohol and in his later years finally gave it up along with cigarettes.--- He gave up alcohol before giving up "the weed."
• A baseball field in his home town is named for him.--- Field was named in his honor at Waynoka.
• A bona-fide .300 hitter. --- Hit .333 for the White Sox in 1959. Had one hit in three at bats.
• Was the star of a Championship Series.--- Japanese Major League series in 1964.
• Won a MVP award.---- Pitching hero of the 1964 Japan Series throwing three shutouts
• Was an idol of millions. ----Kids in Japan worshipped Stanka as much as Mantle was idolized in America .
• Appeared on the popular TV show “What’s My Line” after the 1964 Series of which this Editor has a copy of that telecast. --- One of the panelist even guessed that the mystery guest was Mickey Mantle.
• After baseball career ended moved from his native Oklahoma to Texas.--- Resides in Fulshear, Texas
Some of you might be curious as to why I would rerun an old quiz. Quite simply I was wondering if anyone out there ever reads the Flash Reports. I learned by the quiz that a few people still do. The first time I released the quiz I received some disgruntled comments that I “tricked” the readers and the second time around elicited the same remarks.
______________________________________________________________________________
Now comes the best part of any of these reports—the end.
Each week starts with a clean slate and I have no idea if a Flash Report will be prepared or not. Like the Maytag repairman I wait by the telephone or my computer terminal to see if anyone has anything to share. With the transmission of this report I’m back to a clean slate and there will only be another report if someone has a question or comment to share with Gordon Jump. Who’s Mr. Jump, you ask? He was a staff personality who was with WIBW in Topeka, Kansas whose big role came in the national syndicated sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati. After that show breathed his last breath Jump was hired as the Maytag repairman who sat around all day hoping to get a telephone call. I know a Maytag owner who said Jump attended all of the company’s conventions and if he ever met you he never forgot your name. In that comparison “John Hall is no Gordon Jump.”
This man was very obviously mentally ill and homeless. There are so many homeless people living in San Diego, CA. The mentally ill here really have no assistance and if they need medication, they wouldnt have the means to be assessed and the reasoning to do so, it is a big problem here. I have talked to many homeless people in San Diego, most arent on the streets by choice.
Kindness is the pervasive tendency to be nice to people. Kindness is compassion, concern for the welfare of others, a propensity to do favors for them, to take care of them, and to perform good deeds. Acts of kindness may be expressed in fleeting acts directed towards strangers and in profound acts directed to friends and family. Kind people go beyond smiles and pleasantries and choose to go out of their way to assist others in unfortunate circumstances. There is a real caring and concern for others. Kindness has a powerful effect on others. Research has shown that merely seeing someone else act in an altruistic way leads others to do the same, at least in the short run. An altruist intentionally acts for another’s sake as an end in itself. Those who score high for kindness will likely score high in other-oriented emotions and strengths and may have a sophisticated and developed ability for moral reasoning. It is also likely that they have a personal ethic of responsibility to care for the welfare of others.
“The meaning of life is to find your gift. The purpose of life is to give it away.”
- Pablo Picasso
Don't sell yourself short, maximise your presence in life by making use of your top strengths. But first, you need to know what they are. To take the only free scientifically backed personality test available today visit www.revisedperception.com/
David Luddy
Revised Perception
YOKOSUKA, Japan - (June 7, 2016) CommanderSeventh Fleet, Vice Adm. Joseph Aucoin and Commander Naval Forces Japan, Rear Adm. Matthew Carter hold an all hands call for all khaki leaders (E-7 and above) on board Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Japan, June 7. The two admirals explained to the assembled leaders the reasoning behind a temporary liberty curtailment and alcohol restriction in Japan and challenged the khakis to take ownership in the recent spike in alcohol related incidents. Both leaders plan on conducting similar discussions throughout Japan. (U.S. Navy photo by ABH2 Vincent Arnuco/RELEASED)
Sherlock Holmes (/ˈʃɜrlɒk ˈhoʊmz/) is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School. A London-based "consulting detective" whose abilities border on the fantastic, Holmes is known for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to adopt almost any disguise and his use of forensic science to solve difficult cases.
Holmes, who first appeared in print in 1887, was featured in four novels and 56 short stories. The first novel, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and the second, The Sign of the Four, in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890. The character's popularity grew with the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine, beginning with "A Scandal in Bohemia" in 1891; additional short-story series and two novels (published in serial form) appeared from then to 1927. The events in the stories take place from about 1880 to 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson. Two are narrated by Holmes himself ("The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier" and "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane"), and two others are written in the third person ("The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone" and "His Last Bow"). In two stories ("The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual" and "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott"), Holmes tells Watson the story from his memory, with Watson narrating the frame story. The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, include long passages of omniscient narrative of events unknown to either Holmes or Watson.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident, and subsequently eroded by water flow revealing the strata/layers.
Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 15/01/2018 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Funny how i find myself in love with you
If i could buy my reasoning I'd would pay to lose
One half won't do
I've asked myself
How much do you commit yourself?
It's my life
Don't you forget
It's my life
It never ends
Funny how i blind myself
I never knew if i was sometimes played upon
Afraid to lose
I'd tell myself what good you do
Convince myself
It's my life
Don't you forget
It's my life
It never ends
I've asked myself
How much do you commit yourself?
It's my life
Don't you forget
Caught in the crowd
It never ends.
Students rated their enjoyment of cookies in short supply more than those cookies described as plentiful in supply. They were also willing to pay more for the short-supply cookies. They reasoned that other people must know something they didn’t.
(Worchel, Lee & Adewole, 1975)
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Yaverland, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 14/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
Slowly but surely the Nocturn moc I am making is coming together.
The largest obstacle for myself was the legs, with everything I created prior being unsatisfactory or looking out of place. However I believe these legs fit perfectly with the vision I have for this moc.
Also for those who might ask, I am completely removing the green from Nocturn's color scheme, with "Lore" reasoning to come when the moc is finished. I'll give ya a hint, his tentacle plays a large part in why the green is removed.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 23/02/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Emotion is more powerful than reason. Emotion is the driving force behind thinking and reasoning. Emotional intelligence increases the mind’s ability to make positive, brilliant decisions.
Don't try to escape your emotions. Just learn to deal with them in a positive way. Our emotions shape who we are as people. Most important learn to NEVER apologize for showing your emotions. It shows you care it shows you have a heart, it shows you are reaching your strength and desires.
Just learn to balance them. There's always a positive in a negative. Embrace your emotions and you will grow.
I used to be ashamed of showing any sort of sadness or anger. Once I learned to embrace it and realize anytime I showed emotion it was just because I cared deeply about something. I saw that is was shaping me into the positive person I am today and shaping me into someone who is trying to move forward from a deeply powerful past. I was learning my depths and seeing who I wanted to be and where I wanted to go. My path is chosen now I just have to work on perfecting it and guiding me in a continued good direction. Holding in and ignoring your emotions and embracing in the negative will destroy you and your dreams. Emotion is a good thing. It lets you express who you are. If you use them in the right ways...
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 08/12/2017 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
I moved to Ocean City, realizing how different it is from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and reasoning that my approach to photography may need to change. The ocean and a bay are very different than farms, a river, and canals.
On our first tired walk from the apartment, this afternoon, Janice and I watched as this gull pulled a starfish from the water, transported to a nearby dock, and ate it. The bird seemed excited about his catch. If he could talk, perhaps he would even brag.
The experience suggested that the scenery may have changed, but perhaps my approach needs to be the same as always: to allow the beauty to find me.
I can't explain too much of the reasoning behind this otherwise 'you know who' will find out 'you know what'! Jxo
P.s. There is NO BROWN in this pouch!!!! The solid fabric is black.
“I am quite sure now that often, very often, in matters concerning religion and politics a man's reasoning powers are not above the monkey's” ~ Mark Twain
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 12/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Part 3
[this particular section was difficult to write in a way that made sense especially the part when i'm describing the shape of the rock outcropping, sorry if its confusing]
From here I knew I needed to stay high as I traversed the mountainside before dropping down into Bench Canyon. I stood surveying what lay ahead. I don't remember my reasoning for my next decision, maybe it was the heat and fatigue setting in, maybe it appeared to be too steep to safely cross, but whatever it was my next decision made the whole situation worse. I decided to climb down where this slopes and the adjacent one converged.
At one point on the climb down I came to a forested area on my left that offered shade. While I was within the trees a feeling of being watched fell over me and all my hairs stood up as goosebumps traveled down my spine. Looking around as well as up into the canopy I didn't see anything but I hurriedly left the shade of the trees behind for more openness.
Eventually I stopped and pulled out my map to figure out where I was. According to my map I had just descended almost 800 ft in about half a mile and to get back on course I would need to go back up what I just came down, however, to my right was a steep talus and scree slope that if I climbed it, it would take me to where I needed to be without retracing my steps. So that is what I decided to do.
This slope was extremely steep and was mostly covered by small talus blocks sitting atop scree that, under my weight, would slide downhill a few inches or was just loose scree that would slow any forward progress because for every three steps forward I took I would slide one step back. Because of this I tried to climb where the vegetation grew, but even that was difficult as stickers and twigs kept getting in my shoes and stuck in my socks.
Ahead of me rock outcroppings rose out of the scree and talus, so I started heading for the closest one. I finally reached the outcropping that I had been aiming for. Once I climbed onto it I was relieved of my ordeal of loose, steep scree. I took a short break here on solid rock before continuing.
The outcropping rose steeply out of the mountainside and a ledge wrapped around it to the other side, while the rock continued above the ledge before tapering off on top. Below the ledge the rock was almost straight vertical and below that the slope I had just climbed fell steeply down and away. After the short break to catch my breath I got up and walked along the ledge to get around and to the top of the rock, but while doing this simple task my camera almost killed me. I had it around my neck and slung over one shoulder so it was on my left side, the side that was facing the rock. As I was walking along the ledge, with the steep drop off on my right side, the lens my camera bumped the rock, causing me to loose my balance and lean towards the right. For a brief few seconds, but what felt like a lot longer I was teetering precariously between falling down the steep mountainside and regaining my balance, my heavy pack trying to pull me further over the edge. I was able to regain my balance and save myself from what would have been certain doom. I reached the other side and a safe place to sit. I was shaking but relived I was still alive. I checked my camera lens and was glad the lens cap was still on (it has a habit of popping off) otherwise the scratched lens cap would have been a scratched glass lens and an expensive repair or replacement.
From here I could see the top a short distance away. I climbed over a few more large rocks outcroppings, then I was at the top or so I thought. It was a false summit. It was however solid earth, not scree, not talus or rock of any kind but hard packed dirt and the actual top was just a few tens of paces away. I climbed the rest of the way up to it and finally I was where I was suppose to be. But a steep downhill climb to my destination lay before me.
According to my map I had just ascended almost 900 ft in just over half a mile.
From here I saw my destination below, Bench Canyon (9680); a creek meandering through a glacial carved valley scattered with small pines growing around the it. The valley made an S-curve as it gently sloped up in the direction of Blue Lake and Blue Pass. (photo)
I began descending to an area of white granite slabs where a small pond had formed on top of them as the creek meandered over their polished surfaces. As I climbed down I came across an unexpected sight, a trail. A primitive trail but a trail nonetheless. I have never before been so happy to see a trail. I followed it down most of the way to the pond, then just as soon as it appeared it vanished but I didn't care because it was all down hill from here. The downhill terrain then leveled out onto glacial polished, white granite and after a few more steps I reached the pool.
I finally made it. I dropped my pack, literally this time, and collapsed next to the tranquil water. I mustered what little energy I had left to remove my shoes and socks and the rest of my clothes, then I lied down in the cool, clear, shallow water to soaked my weary, tired body...
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Yaverland, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 14/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life'
2022 Reading List
•Top Fiction: The Periodic Table, Primo Levi; These are just such a lovely set of stories of life great (war) and small (little relations) mixed in with a very personal and practical view of chemistry.
•Top Non-Fiction: Science and Human Behavior, B.F. Skinner; Even though this is dated and abandoned by modern psychology I find myself referring to this book more than others as it is so relevant to modern issues of AI, A/B Testing, and social media.
•Top Business: Treasure Islands, Nicholas Shaxson; I find this book persuasive on how financial malfeasance really does effect the real world we all have to live in.
www.icloud.com/pages/0de1rgmN8YVR0hCsqZWMdNPMg#rss-2022-r...
Full List
1.Being Ram Dass, Ram Dass; A history of the counterculture by one of its icons. The mix of psychology, Buhdism, and Hinduism is peculiar and western and deeply personal to Ram Dass. It gave me insights and context into many personalities that influenced my early life: Leary, Muktanada, Keasey, Sai Baba, and ZBS productions. I was disappointed in his reliance on miracles to explain is devotion to Mittenanda, but it did show what was best in the self actualization movement and how to end well.
2.How to Read a Book, Mortimer J Adler; This time I spent quite a bit of attention on the notion of meaning, truth, and tradition. I believe if you read for meaning then Truth must be important to you, otherwise it is just entertainment. “Terms” can only achieve meaning and work within a given tradition or literature. Not all traditions are equal, and believe that just as mathematics is an overly specific language, you can reason and find truth within a tradition, but you can assess the falsity of a tradition by comparing it to pragmatic concerns with the physical world. This brings up concerns with a post modernists view has real consequences for reasoning about the natural world.
3.Paradise Lost, John Milton; This is the story we all know of the Bible that isn’t in the Bible. The ultimate sin is “pride,” Satan is the serpent and the seducer, Eve is blonde, and Jesus is doubly a king (of heaven and earth). The book does show off its time, clearly responding to the Glorious Revolution and anti-Catholic in nature, not mention Satan’s use of canon.
4.Science and Human Behavior, B.F. Skinner; This book encourages a purely external black box view of human being with consciousness and cognition as unimportant characteristics. What is impressive is not the shortcoming of this technique found in the last 70 years (CBT, Neural Imaging, Deep-Learning) but the shear efficacy of the approach at predicting and controlling human behavior. His lessons on the failures of punishment, and the importance of distributed control structures have become increasingly important as behavior controlling power has become much more centralized through entertainment and advertising companies.
5.The Rise of Rome, Anthony Everett; I modern telling of Republican Rome, that always starts with the myth and then explains the confirmation and differences of modern scholarship, but keeps to the classical narrative of Rome as that is what drives its importance to us. The importance of civilian Militia to Rome and their obsession with order and ambivalence to Greece are well described, the section on Hannibal was very good to make some sense of Punic/Phonetian/Catheginian/Spanish all fit together as the semetic rival of Rome.
6.The Aeneid, Virgil, tr. Cecil Day-Lewis; A great epic poem that feels a bit like a Greek epic remix with so many of Ulysses and other Greek adventures revisited, but characters have so many more inner voices and are so much more psychologically modern.
7.Great Courses Aeneid, prof Elizabeth Vandiver; It was interesting the degree the book was meant to justify Augustus Caesar, from simple examples like the Trojan Games, to explain the war on Carthage, and to justify the importance of Piety/Duty. Also the idea that he mixes both the Odyssey and the Iliad in reverse order to bring those stories to a wider audience is fascinating, and how this is the only details extent of the Trojan Horse.
8.The Perfect Storm, Sebastian Junger; A surprisingly amusing journalistic book of how to write a story about a lost boat in which we don’t know what happened and the whole story is done by simile of the similar stories. The stories of modern fishing and how hard and brutal life can still be due to weather and the realities of the sea.
9.Children of Gebelawi, Naguib Mahfouz; A story that mostly uses ordinary people in a realistic violent patriarchy as metaphor for the Judo-Christian-Islamic tradition and by extension our modern world. The story creates an emotional understanding of the middle eastern cultures of what is both loved and hated within their own culture, but with a desire for freedom and fairness that externally we assume means independence.
10.A True History of the United States: Indigenous Genocide, Racialized Slavery, Hyper-Capitalism, Militarist Imperialism and Other Overlooked Aspects of American Exceptionalism, Daniel A. Sjursen; An attempt at a 21st century Progressive’s history of the United States. It feels a bit awkward as it tells the story of America through its military conflicts, which doesn’t always align well with the important events for its oppressed peoples, also the book does not define nore justify concern about equity or hyper-capitalism. More complete than Zinn’s book but still not a stand-alone history and starts to feel journalistic starting with George Bush Jr. The pre-Bill of rights section is by far the best covering the complexities of colonial times and an unusually in-depth analysis of the Spanish American war. FDR and Russian apologist tendencies are mediocre.
11.Economics Facts and Fallacies, Thomas Sowell; Fairly basic economic analysis of tradeoffs and incentives, from a very conservative African American Economist. Generally well argued and very clear, though not always covering all the data. Not very persuasive on executive pay, excellent examples of the problems with statistical comparisons for economic development for wages, women, and blacks around non-comparable demographics age, education, marriage status. I agree with his analysis that the real problem with gender pay inequality is a problem with marriage and motherhood, I disagree that this is not a problem.
12.Arabian Nights and Days, Mafouz Naguib; A selection of 1001 nights stories, converted to a slightly more modern and real world and given specific moral meanings. The themes of the corruption of power from position, wealth, or invisibility caps is very present. The Sultan is ultimately creating corruption through his abuse of power, the book leaves unanswered to what degree we can ever achieve forgiveness for our sins.
13.The Koran, Mohamed tr. N.J. Dawood; A much more clear and prescriptive religious text than the bible. The retold stories include Adam and Satan, where Satan denies man's dominion over the earth, Moses where even clear miracles are denied, Jesus has a virgin mother but got has no son nor wife. Alms/Charity are always repeated ass is the care of orphans.
14.Cleopatra: A Biography, Michael Grant; Tries to tell the story from Cleopatra’s point of view, relying heavily on an optimistic strategic view of what could have been to her interest. In this story Cleopatra is the Hellenic Queen and represents the traditions of Alexander. She becomes a competent extension of the Tolomeis traditions working hard with vision and ruthlessness to maintain the power of her family within its own traditions. Relied surprisingly heavily on coin evidence and it was fun though not inherently convincing to mix in poetry through the ages to describe the possible scenes.
15.The Canterbury Tales, Geofrey Chaucer; Modern spelling and pronunciation, but original words. Was excellent storytelling, a collection of short stories that speak to each other as a series. Curious mixture of baudy and pious that feels surprisingly like Shakespeare (also the overlap of historic and classical themes). Many if not most of the stories are taken from other sources and are reset to give them a specific impact, that still resonates until today with the humor~ and lessons even if we moderns miss the stereotypes of the time.
16.Cleopatra: A Life, Stacy Schiff; This was a specific attempt at a positive view of Cleopatra as a competent ruler. The author correctly interprets that the primary stories we have have all been tainted by a conqueror who needed to have a villain to justify his war. Her arguments are convincing that Cleopatra was an active and judicious ruler working for her own self interest, she expanded her empire substantially, she reduced her own infighting, increased wealth and power though she eventually lost the entire kindgdom.
17.Immune, Philipp Dettmer; This is narrative biology, really optimized for kids to learn their first cellular system. It is up to date and current on the science but eliminates the biochemistry on the immune system, I learned about feedback loop of Macrophages/Neutrophil, Dendritic messengers, Lymphocyte (T&B) activation with silly analogies that are memorable.
18.The Bhagavad Gita, Traditional tr. Swami Swarupananda; It is interesting to read the raw text with its curious mixtures of things. I was most surprised by the mixing of caste called out as one of the obvious and greatest sins. I also found the mixing of the ideas that I am more familiar with from Chinese traditions such as the importance of duty (confucianism) and unattachment (buddhism). The lesson I took the most was the focus on accomplishment of duty without the aim for attaining Glory of the universe even if evil actions are taken, they can be forgiven if they follow the glorification of god. This produces a strong social structure without revenge and incrimination. This is a very un-Christian solution to the problem of Evil, as it always exists with us, and it exists without intent, but we can only overcome it (not individually) by maintaining society/duty.
19.A Short History of Artificial Intelligence, Michael Wooldridge; This books feels weak when compared to Mitchel’s AI book as it fails to really explain how different techniques work and covers a bit of the same history. This book is more in the history and makes it much more clear how much AI has always been part of mainstream software history, as the “Intelligence” has never been precise, the best insight of this book was the importance of computation complexity theory on the limits of AI, and why a combination of deep neural nets and monte-carlo strategies have only superficially solved the problem for some very deterministic cases like games. The second big insight was how much Brook’s strategy of interactive “intelligence” (roomba like) produces powerful results, but has no theoretical structure for progression.
20.The Sandman (01-75) & Audio Book, Neil Gaiman; Literary Horror, but still a comic book. The audiobook felt so much darker than the comic. It is a writers book, it is about the power of stories, both to create the gods and let them live on, the stories we create to punish ourselves (hell, furies) and the nightmares to guide us, and how end of each story is a little death that doesn’t
21.The Peloponnesian War, Thucydides tr. Benjamin Jowett; this almost feels like a modern history other than the unquoted speeches that are one the best parts of the book, the various rhetorical devices are masterworks. For Thucydides the war is a conflict between the slow alliance building oligarchs of Sparta and the mercurial imperialists of Athens. One offering honor and stability and other wealth and democracy. Nicias is my favorite General who doesn’t want to go to war but tries and fails. It feels a bit like a modern history book, and it is a great adventure story in its own right with detailed local politics with twisting alliances.
22.Treasure Islands, Nicholas Shaxson; I do prefer the author's term secrecy jurisdiction s over Tax havens. It makes it clear it is a way to legally hide things from laws. Tax is lost which while that has negative consequences especially for the poor and weak it is side story from the evasion of legislation, and encouraging crime and corruption. The author's pro legislation, kaysien, labour movement opinions distract from how lack of rule of law hurt us all, even Delaware, Zürich, and the city of London.
23.Old Man's War Series (Old Man’s War, The Ghost Brigades, The Last Colony, Zoe’s Tale, The Human Division, The End of All Things), John Scalzi; The series has too much plot and not enough character or setting, it goes from super soldier, to frontier, to teenage team, to band of misfits save the world adventure stories. The world is a screed against sectionalism, and panegyric to individualism and the power of choice. The tension between these drives the relationships with the Aliens and development of human society.
24.Do Dice Play God, Ian Stewart; This is a book of practical mathematics, it focuses on statistics, unlike Taleb who really focuses on the meaning of uncertainty, this explains a difference between randomness (true incompressible information) and unpredictability (deterministic chaos). It goes well beyond the history of statistics and into dynamic equations and partial differential estimations and the how and why these techniques have been developed. Basically the practical side of the most advanced mathematics I studied. Stewart is determinist and makes an argument we should look for deterministic chaos in systems such as quantum.
25.Superior: the return of race science, Angela Saini; The book is a journalist look into biological racism's history, disproof, and revival. The author approaches the subject as a Briton of Indian decent, points out the two biggest proponents of eugenics we're the USA and Nazi Germany, how statistically there is more variation within any identified racial group than between any of them and how race consciousness especially in medicine combined with new national narratives is bringing back biological (scientific) racism.
26.Under the Volcano, Malcolm Lowery; This is a very lyrical novel, that has great depth of character stuffed into 1 day and 1 hour a year later. The story is set with the tension of 1938 as an implicit background, and individuals whose horrible fate seems avoidable if they could just for a moment be something other than their ordinary selves. The Consul can observe and analyze the world in detail, but cannot make even simple choices in his anxiety and alcoholism, Yvonne has independently struck upon the same idea as the Consul to escape but cannot articulate it to him in his malaise to force it to reality, Hugh wants desperately to make his mark on the world, but always chooses the hopeless irrelevant path of history, when opportunity is so close but he cannot know. It leaves me thinking of how many decisions in our life are close to something that could make us better, but the default is to remain stuck where we are.
27.American Cartel, Scott Higham, Sari Horwitz; It is a two part story, starts with a crime novel and switches to an unfinished courtroom drama. I can almost sympathize with the manufacturers and distributors' claim that they are not responsible for prescribing or handing out the drugs, but the ‘71 controlled substance act gave the distributors the impossible task of regulating the distribution of what made them money. The story doesn’t explain why those groups went to Trump, but the ineffectiveness of the law to curb the distribution and death (even when doctors and pharmacists could be jailed), the revolving door of regulators and advisors, the lobbying to make it impossible to enforce the laws left many communities with nothing but anger and woe.
28.Understanding Power, Noam Chomsky; A primer on American leftist ideology, and a guidebook for Q-Anon. I did not know Chomsky’s past in the peace movement, or the American Communist party. Fundamentally he is an Anrcho-Syndicalist who has extreme faith in the ability of planners. He is very good at guiding a reader through institutional analysis, but as the book progresses he takes to much of the aims and institutions as responsibility for the outcomes. “they” must of planned it and made it happen. He is well read in history but provides a sometimes bizarre but not unsupportable view of facts, like people forced off farms into industry. His anti-Expert views, then demanding that aims can easily become results creates a perfect motte-bailey argument pattern for conspiracy theories, now popularized by the far right.
29.The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo; An ode to Medieval Paris, with a believable world with ridiculously over the top operatic characters and plot. Esmerelda and Frolio are both entirely corrupted by lust, there is no real redemption for Quasimodo who overcomes his position in society that believes that the soul must follow the body, leaving everything in tragedy. Even while maudlin over the top the details and dialog are fantastic, the philosophizing on architecture and poets is hilarious and insightful, I am left of thinking how the times and place make the man.
30.How Numbers Work, New Scientist; Fun superficial survey of modern mathematics, some little history like base10 and decimals moving from China to India to Europe, a very consise explanation ofhow set theory can ground numbers, cute applications of stats to the real world, the big names like Hilbert and Weil get little vignettes, the phycs and philosophy was just weak, casual read I recommend it to my kids
31.Proof: The Science of Booze, Adam Rogers; This was a fun book, mycology and biochemistry. The importance of the yeast, how the enzymes of malt work, good fun casual science read with a little bit of politics and history thrown in.
32.Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison; re-read last time I read it I was in high school, and I barely remember it but it is fantastic, I would classify it more as a middle-age book than a coming of age book. It is deeply about the African American experience that still exists today, but that is used to show sharp relief of more general problems of how we find our place in society,. The anonymous author is invisible in many ways, the biggest is that he cannot be recognized for who he is, unlike the modern focus on identitarian politics. This focus is on how our history must effect us but we still desire freedom and recognition as individuals, not live other peoples dreams for them. I find the section on the inadequacy of the freedom of the duplicitous hipster Rinehart as inadequate, interesting and convincing.
33.Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, Jon Lee Anderson; This was an excellent biography that gives strong historical perspective and evaluates the existing controversies. Che comes out as an amazing leader through his passion for a fair society for socialist man Well done biography giving a sense of characters and balancing the historic controversies of the subject. I very much appreciated the level of context of the Americas in the ‘50s as a background setting. Che comes through as a quirky and unique individual, who provided leadership through strong conviction, and unflinching dedication to his ideals. The story is ultimately tragic, not due to the death and horror that he wrought, but how in life we can only learn one set of hard won lessons of loyalty and universally high standards for mankind that served Che so well in Cuba failed utterly in the Congo and Bolivia leading to his failure and death. His thesis of “Gorilla war as the crucible to forge the socialist man” is both true and inadequate. It was true as only extreme hardship could provide an environment to force people to work together wholeheartedly as one without conventions and institutions, but inadequate for creating a complete society.
34.The World According to Physics, Jim Al-Khalili; This a book about physics in 2020’s, it explains the 3 foundations of Relativity, Quantum, and Thermodynamics at their current state for the non-mathematical. I think the failure to address the dimensionality problems of Superstrings and the divide by 0 problems of merging Relativity and Quantum was sad even for a non-mathematical summary, but he does a great job of addressing the big problems of physics why unified theories are hard and desirable, why quantum is so important to the real world, the realists demands, why esoteric particles are so important to find, why holographic theory is important for cross-over from the large to the small.
35.The Periodic Table, Primo Levi; a beautiful collection of stories about life, work, the material world, growing up, and growing old. The background of his experience in concentration camp keeps the story somber, but his playful look at his youth and becoming a chemist, and making friends keeps the collection cheerful and insightful to human characters. Vanadium is such a short and concise look at many of the complexities of coming to terms with the ordinary horror of IG Farben employees and the inability to fully appreciate the enormity of the camps.
36.Talent is Overrated, Geoff Colvin; I was looking for ideas to improve underperforming teams, what I got was a refresher on the importance of deliberate practice: intentional, responsive, specific, and repeatable practice is what makes great performance. General skills/IQ allow people to get to a basic level fast, but does not speed up specific performance, also specific practice can even overcome much of the general failures of aging. The ability to apply this to teams was only through simile and didn‘t provide direct guidance. But is a good reminder of just how important intentionality is any result.
37.101 Wilderness Survival Skills, Kevin Estell; This was 80% covered in the old Boy Scout handbook, it reminded me of a set of skills that do make me feel more comfortable outside even if I rarely use them. I agree with the incredible nature of 550 paracord, but it is a bit more “survivalist” oriented than my relationship with the outside. It did make me think about emergency preparedness and the basic usefulness of knife, “cord”, and fire skills. I don’t really know how to teach fire skills to my kids in our modern low fire world.
38.Baltasar and Blimunda, José Saramago; The compelling plot is driven by the magical realism narrative and love of Baltasar and Blimunda, but the main thrust of the book is the condemnation of the church & monarchy failing to take care of the people and the great waste of wealth. The naive and omniscient across time narrator sets a sarcastic tone to the book to offset the saccharin love of the main characters, but their relationships with others are subtle and realistic: the monk, the music master, the sister, the father, and the workers are all beautiful vignettes.
39.The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World, Andrew Doyle; A very contemporary work with an obnoxious beginning. The worst parts of the book are the complaints and examples of Woke aggression, the best part is the intellectual history of related topics and terms. I am unpersuaded that calling people their preferred pronouns is anything other than polite, but I do agree it should not be legally enforced, which leads to my strong sympathies with defense of Liberal Enlightenment ideology and primacy of reasoned argument as a method of social and material progress that must be defended and encouraged.
40.What I Didn’t Learn in Business School, Jay B. Barney; A fictional novel of management consultants as a pedagogical tool for business. It works OK, to explain the importance of real world experience to utilize NPV, 5-Forces, etc…, the need for diverse experiences to get at data, and the unrelenting importance of relationships and teamwork.
41.The Golden Notebook, Doris Lessing; This is surprisingly readable, technically complicated book, the divisions into a writer’s versions of herself and multiple fictionalized versions of the characters lives, reactions and experience divided up by themes. The themes that left an impression on me were those of the communists and feminism. The focus on ideology that is supposed to be good but became corrupt echos of itself, self aware and embarrassed of its own failure. The relations between genders is deeply personal leaving open tradeoffs of independence and community, the social needs and expectations that come bundled in ways that even when the law allows cannot be taken apart leaving individuals unsatisfied. Watching the world the views of an empath who knows what everyone feels from the their body languages and is intellectual aware of how she is influenced by others but incapable of resisting was well portrayed.
Branches of the subconscious capture in photography, linking photographs together and constantly questioning the reasonings of the composition.
For who I am and want to be
more than just a
Time Freeze moment in time
but a continuous movement
in the flow of life in being,
wanting to experience
the joy of sharing
caring and learning more
by the marvellous ability
of all my senses involved
In exploring and learning
the feeling of being human
being in love and living
being alive, with a little lust
a lot of laughter,
loads of illuminate luster
of pure intentions
a radiant energy of sincerity
with a warm glow of compassion
from the fire of passion
the light of understanding
with a point of view
looking from all angles
seeing different dimensions
reasoning multiple perceptions
numerous interpretations
in reasoning to the point of
comprehension and understanding
leaving enough room for an open mind
not having a definite answer
to every question or reason but
clearness about conveying the message
about personal expectations and limits
dreams, thoughts and wants
in a clear understanding of
being respected for who I am
my views, choices and wishes
for mutualistic relationships provide
a kind of social interaction
developing balance and harmony
between all involved
producing calming music to all ears
being tuned in and in tune...
By Marina vd B 19 February 2014 All Rights Reserved ©
Everything I know I forget on Guru Road as instructed by the seeds sewn by the stones of complete and total self doubt.
Further analysis of the 'known' and information in general by the eminent American logician Donnie Brasco - tell us to 'Forget About It'
E.g. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf0ZyoUn7Vk
However being constitutionally unable to ever 'forget about it' or anything completely and hence therefore consequently have found formal logical use for that 'issue' as answer to being driven ceaselessly to attempt to compute comprehensively the 'billion dollar question that solves for X,Y, and Z: Power, Expansion, and Shrink of the Universe in the micro to macro -- so as to go for broke (and be 'first v. last') in the Dark Matter and Energy Derby -- well well what the hell, then' lets be the first to reconcile the quantum dynamic with the quantum mechanic by means the gears of nature to explain the manufacture, combustion, and bending of light as the best set of questions worth answering in science which might be very well be concluded in the; 'Abstract' by considering en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter as 100% presently accounted for in the form of atomic bits of Bacteria. Primarily the family of Bacteria know as en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria which serves as the common subatomic denominator (complimentary quark loop repair - as cosmic glue+fuel) for both food and combustion chains by means of its role the natural manufacture and fixation of Nitorgen in the form of N2O that can be seen powering this photo as the Dark Matter and Energy of contained in the atomic stack of examples of reality in search of a theory that drives the expansion of the Universe and a burger chain, whereby it is possible 'Billions' are successfully 'Served' so much Bacterial Dark Matter that proves fuel as Energy as expressed as so many 'Big Macs' and or 'Happy Meals' or plates of pasta + the decision process over which to choose as dinner which results in a chain reaction of Hiesenburgian proportions rippling though the micro economics of the BTU (British and or Bacterial Thermal Units) of calories and bacteria as slow and fast food to power a world served by the billion by the 'Golden Arches' and iron skillet as examples of how my reasoning flows from the following data set and where it points after being clued into the role of bacteria and its large role in the combustion chain of N20 mfg. (c/o reading reporting in the Science News over the years and drawing conclusions from that, confirmed by) what wikipedia has condensed as the entire 'nutshell' of the case (which makes possible nutshells): "Nitrous oxide is emitted by bacteria in soils and oceans, and thus has been a part of Earth's atmosphere for millennia. ... Nitrous oxide reacts with ozone in the stratosphere. Nitrous oxide is the main naturally occurring regulator of stratospheric ozone. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas. Considered over a 100-year period, it has 298 times more impact per unit weight than carbon dioxide. Thus, despite its low concentration, nitrous oxide is the fourth largest contributor to these greenhouse gases. It ranks behind water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Control of nitrous oxide is part of efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions. " - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide . In addition there is the world of undersea Bacteria which seems to be massive as source of gasses, energy and life as explored in; moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/some-it-very-hot?pa...
Thus, in the quest to complete the Dark Energy and Matter puzzle the need to grab the 'keys to the car' of conceptually total comprehension of the 'bits of information' scooped up over the million miles of the road 'less traveled' at high and low speed on the highway of life in a peddle to the metal race to complete the General Unified Theory, and having had and idea or two, while being singularly motivated by a clear understanding of 'the need for speed' in completing as a thought started explained in the sports terms of the 'mantra' of the movie 'Talladaga Nights' as ultra apt metaphor for the race to identify Dark Matter and Energy;
"If you ain't first, you're last!"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talladega_Nights:_The_Ballad_of_Ric...
Ergo, therefore, hence, consequently I reason ("the old fashioned way"; between my ears for days, weeks and years) and take detailed -- note (in this space) that; phys.org/news/2012-12-dark.html "The excitement now is that we are closing in on an answer, and only once in the history of humans will someone discover it. There will be some student or postdoc or experimentalist someplace who is going to look in the next 10 years at their data, and of the seven or so billion people in the world that person will discover what galaxies are mostly made of. It's only going to happen once."
One more time with meaning; It is hypothesised here that the bactarial subatomic bits and bonds of the; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phylogenetic_tree.svg whose branches are gaseous and or part of the combustion/food chain as discovered/understood, 'that therefore, in the words of the late Carl Woese;
“Imagine walking out in the countryside and not being able to tell a snake from a cow from a mouse from a blade of grass,” he said. “That’s been the level of our ignorance.” on the subject as understood best ' by the late great Carl Woese ( www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/science/carl-woese-dies-discov... ) who was able to "prove that all life on earth was related.” It is suggested here (again) that light and thus life is made possible by single celled life running the combustion chain by means nitrous oxide manufacture without which combustion is not possible is the singular candidate for being Dark Matter begets Dark Energy due to its immutable nature of the nuclear core of the nucleus of Bacteria.
Accordingly every angle of a drop of something such as: salsa in the micro should bend light by the same 'dark material/energy' means of 'economic activity of biological growth drawn from the Sun and the field by the roots reaching for energy and drawing them to a plant to form sugar that creates the shade being cast by Phylogenetic tree as so much gas/power as a by product in the process that moves at near the speed of light as observed and made a example of the micro case of en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometry that corresponds to the macro of 'cosmic microwaves' (which act as break and limit on the speed of light [in another evolving story line located at] -->);
This is set of data points in process for for the best possible explanation of cosmic expansion in terms of Dark Matter and Energy being made possible by the interplay of the nuclear material of the Phylogenetic tree burning to bring the light while explaining how the grow the Universe at the variable speed of -1 which is not constant see graphic and apply this logic to the fluctuations inherent in the construct presented in conjunction with the notion of a cyclical super vast redundant Universe we are at some random point in the 'Grande Scheme of Things' as well illustrated, and described, with the Dark Matter piece well described, but alas the missing variable that my Theory here now and for all time offers up as the nuclear head of cyanobacteria on a pike as the little prick that is responsible for all N20 in nature, hence combustion. Therefore, working in conjunction with that nuclear illumination running the logic and providing a set of clues to run down the road to find every last stone that could possibly be Dark Matter and Energy in the Math of the Solar System, and find every thing we need to know according to the he words of Andrew Liddle who wrote; "the cosmological principle [means that] the universe looks the same whoever and wherever you are." in Darkness on the Edge of the Universe
By BRIAN GREENE Published: January 15, 2011) www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/opinion/16greene.html?scp=6&am...
Some disagree and say Dark Matter is nonexistent and or immaterial. I respectful disagree, and hopefully have provided additional information in order to assist with understanding how my view came to be on this subject, such that some some new common ground can be broken by bacteria being the dark energetic means and motor of forging the fabric of the food and combustion chains by means algaes bloom as the base note to the mass fixation and productions of the nitrogen that is the gas of the Universe -- which therefore permits and powers the rest of life as we know it over time and space by means forming the basis food pyramid that enables combustion and thus gearing perfectly the solar to black hole ongoing process -- in this solar system and every other.
As more data is generated in understanding how perspective can never stay the same as per the logic contained in a draconian application of the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation to a unwillingness to see the shadow as being cast by the flip side of a reflection, as light is consumed by and transformed by the power of life the is the foam of space which are quarks of bacterial nuclei in repair.
Details in the photo captions herein.
That the same transformation that powers the light switch where I might find enough between my ears to communicate the understanding that the bugs have been digesting themselves into energy per this chart; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:080998_Universe_Content_240.jpg
If in the words of Bronkowski: "All science is the search for unity in hidden likeness." as being understood to be what makes the world go round in the compost heap, vineyard, farm that power a food chain, that provides a Inn and given Industry with the bill of fare via the "Stars that power" them c/o the means of 'paired quark technology' that recompose itself atomically to 'key' the light -- which furthers expand our understanding by means of the power of light and dark matter to producing 'grey matter' which is consciousness. That the grass is not 'greener' or made of substantively some wonder material of a Dark Nature in another galaxy, therefore Dark Matter, and Energy 'is what it is' the immutable atomic information of 'microorganisms' cycling at relative light speed as so many 'cups of tea', or conceptual coffee, 'primordial soup' to perhaps nuts -- or maybe, just maybe, the 'hidden likeness' is before us in the form of Microorganisms nuclear core that make up the macro.
There is a possibility that this particular pointy and self seeking 7th now up to 8th billionth odd needle in the haystack of discovery has made most of the case in this long improbable form and location that the seeds of nuclear material that keep and make us all connected as singular and a planet grade life/being/form and function -- is the Dark Energy and Matter which is the basic building blocks of life which are ID'ed here and now for all time by me - 'like I have been sayin' as the three families of Bacterial life which produce combustion gasses, as best understood by the late great Carl Woese; www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/science/carl-woese-dies-discov... which contains the seeds/strings if you will* of a expanding en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry
with the nuclei of bacteria standing in for Dark Matter in a Universe at the speed of the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant with enough force to power back the sun in resolution of the Faint Young Star Paradox, and bending light with enough economic activity to explain the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation by dint of glare of the photons on the matter that it transforms bringing them to life as measured by growth of waters expansion in the 'foam of space' when heated by the addition of light, or measured from any given distance -- one notices a relative difference this is due to the presence of the nuclei of bacterial matter or their radiological remains as rendered as the unpaired quarks/photon gas/ of the foam of space in mid re-mix of its perpetual quantum dynamic seeking a natural release and propulsion which explains the roads to and fro, the tides, as well as both the past and presents process of quantum tunneling whereby “we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” with a eye toward the west and what that brings thus therein lays the answer to the riddle of the ages. Energy is yin and yang forward and backward moving of quarks in motion over time and space under power of the Sun that set the chain of events and matter in motion will that Sun never set as a series of consequences beating ceaselessly into the past against the current to bring the light found shining at approximately my end of the conceptual quantum tunnel of a nitrogen rich solar system where in a Universe full of Dark Energy and accordingly full of potential life, with therefore accordingly the magic to run the both the food, and combustion chains - while turning worlds in the quantum dynamic process; organically by means the power of light to be the gearbox of life in the mechanical dynamic of the process of Nature, sorting the matter of matter and energy over Time -- to produce the Universe as at the present rate with the math holding the reality of this theory together to be found in the ground breaking work of en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Noether and her en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem if I am not completely unclear on the concept; applied.
Ending by Noting:
That if this hypothesis that comports with my reality jibes with that of the Universe then that is my aim which seeks to be 'true' so as to best serve to better focus the tuning out the noises in the signal, that impair this singular quest for multiple answers on Dark Matter and Energy along with the consequences of riddle the behavior patterns of the Universe understood as clues to answer this rather vexing and formerly huge mystery -- which suites me perfectly.
I'll be all over this limb (that makes limbs) with the logic to process the roll of material over Time and Space with more detailed answers as they become wildly obvious.
Presented: as a easy read for free buried deep in the bowels of flickr waiting; and getting glacially self edited -- while I get the totality of this picture 'dialed', so as to relearn the ways of writing a science paper, and get the movie and record recorded on my shoestring so as to communicate on the broadest possible band my message in several 'flavors' of media mixed; and served on the platters of the day -- not unlike -- the one you behold.
So the whole thing does not stand as a photo essay w/ captions, a 'one in a million' more or less unread arxiv.org/ paper, or any other form factor of media that is worth mailing from one in stream of conscious though a modified megaphone and Fender Twin stereo pair; to a bongo/trombone surf combo bounced off as well quantum tunneled through a mountain to gather ever so much more 'foam of space rock' on a standing wave of sound powering the present, by means of the past, with a eye to the future -'Coming Soon' to bring the whole thing home in a nutshell so dynamic as to perhaps be led to completely: 'forget about it' -- by dint of having put in the 'dirty work' of intuitively thinking the process through to the point then freshly connecting that with known science as proof of a fabric in need of being stitched together providing the corresponding logical + academic strength to help everybody concerned balance the cosmic accounting that powers the 'big equation' in the macro to micro forward and backward that completes the chain of material logic with lock tight answers for the OS of the 'semi steady state' Universe; expanding at a rate of -1 such that the physical to electrochemical to radiological relationship between the Stars, planets, and Black Holes can be filed in and out of a black hole by means a finely tuned theory that is completely Universally Theoretically Physically 'forget about it' -- then again personally I "KNOW ONLY ONE THING... [I] DON'T KNOW ANYTHING" until my crazy intuition is vetted by a better set of combined minds than my own.
Until then -- work continues on these essays and 'the problem'.
YOKOSUKA, Japan - (June 7, 2016) CommanderSeventh Fleet, Vice Adm. Joseph Aucoin and Commander Naval Forces Japan, Rear Adm. Matthew Carter hold an all hands call for all khaki leaders (E-7 and above) on board Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Japan, June 7. The two admirals explained to the assembled leaders the reasoning behind a temporary liberty curtailment and alcohol restriction in Japan and challenged the khakis to take ownership in the recent spike in alcohol related incidents. Both leaders plan on conducting similar discussions throughout Japan. (U.S. Navy photo by ABH2 Vincent Arnuco/RELEASED)
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 31/01/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
This toad did not move at all during the macro photo shoot. The biological reasoning likely being that if I don't move the predator with the camera won't see me. My subject is only about 4 or 5 cm long.
The tilting screen of my GX7 was very hand for this photo as it allowed me to hold the camera almost on the ground with me having to lie down in the mud.
One of the interesting aspects about posting photos of critters on Flickr is that I get to learn something about them. Today I learned that the recognition of the genus Anaxyrus as distinct from Bufo is "highly controversial" so I hope I have not offended anyone by using Anaxyrus rather than Bufo.
Petro Canada Park, Oakville, Ontario
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. Rome, a New Museum of Fascism. Mayor Raggi blocks the proposal. La Repubblica (03/08/2020). The blocking of the new Museum, Not so much for Political or Idealogical Reasonings. But More Realistically, Because Rome's City Museums are in a State of Neglect, Underfunded and Periodically Looted (1995-2020). wp.me/pbMWvy-rT
1). ROME: A Museum of Fascism in Rome, the Jewish community: "Useless for memory." And Mayor Raggi Blocks the motion. La Repubblica (03/08/2020).
The debate on the 'Museum of Fascism' erupted following the earlier article in the La Repubblica (03/08/2020). From the Jewish community in Rome to the members of the anti-Fascists ANPI organization asking Mayor Raggi to block the proposal by three council members of the City of Rome to develop a new Museum of Fascism in Rome. With Mayor Raggi stating: "Rome is an anti-Fascist city, make no doubt about it..."
Fonte / source:
--- Museo del fascismo a Roma, comunità ebraica: "inutile per la Memoria". E la Raggi stoppa la mozione.
La Repubblica (03/08/2020).
roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/08/03/news/museo_del_fasc...
2). ROME: A Museum of Fascism in Rome, Rome Town-Counsel member Gemma Guerrini, reply to Mayor Raggi: "I am proposing the new Museum, first as a historian and secondly as a politician." La Repubblica (03/08/2020).
The City of Rome and other institutions in Rome have proposed a new Museum of Fascism (see: Storia in Rete [01/2012] & IL TEMPO [27/11/2011]) for a decade or more. Counsel member Dr. Gemma Guerrini, said technically Mayor Raggi cannot block the motion or ask the majority of the her fellow party members not to vote agianst the the proposal. (...) Dr. Guerrini, went on to say: "...History must be written without prejudice. If I want to write an essay on fascism, I do not call it an anti-fascist essay. If we read and study the documentary materials, as historians (Dr. Guerrini - a paleontologist), we must face uncomfortable pages on fascism."
Fonte / source:
--- Museo del fascismo a Roma, Guerrini fa dietrofront: "Ho ragionato prima da storica e poi da politica."
La Repubblica (03/08/2020).
roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/08/03/news/roma_guerrini_...
Foto / fonte / source:
--- Mauro Pagliai, “Son of the Century.” SKYPIXEL (29 Jan. 2020), in:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Dario Franceschini / MIBACT – SELEZIONE PUBBLICA PER I DIRETTORI DEI MUSEI ITALIANI | BANDO INTERNAZIONALE 2020 / CALL FOR APPLICATIONS – DIRECTORS OF ITALIAN MUSEUMS. The MIBACT & The Times London U.K. (01 Feb. 2020). [Italiano & English].
S.v.,
3). ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. Un Museo sul fascismo a Roma, in Aula la mozione della consigliera 5 Stelle. Agenzia Nova & La Repubblica (03/08/2020), Storia in Rete (01/2012) & IL TEMPO (27/11/2011). wp.me/pbMWvy-rH
4). ROME - A New Museum of Fascism in Rome. Dr. Gemma Guerrini & Mayor Virginia Raggi have not addressed the serious issues confronting the City of Rome's current or planned Museums which are Seriously Neglected, Unfunded and Periodically Looted (03/08/2020).
4.1). Rome - City Museums Neglected, Underfunded and Periodically Looted.
--- Museum of Roman Civilization / EUR district: The Museum of Roman Civilization located in the EUR district of Rome, although construction began in the late 1930s and continued up until the early 1940s, after after a delay was not opened to the public in 1955-56. The Museum of Roman Civilization has stored in its basement 500 crates of articfacts and related archivial records of the important from the Fascist era urban and archaeological systemization of Rome starting in the late 1920s and up-to the early 1940s. Many of these crates contain important artifacts unearthed (early Rome thru Renaissance Rome) in the area of the Imperial Fora and the Velia hill during the construction of the Via dell' Impero (now Via dei Fori Imperiali). In the late 2000s, the city of Rome began re-examining, studying and cataloguing this important artifacts. As of today 2020, the status of the these artifacts and un-edited archivial records from the 1930s have not been published? The large sections of the Museum of Roman Civilization has been closed to the public and has not recieved the funding needed t0 properly care for the museum and or the important artifacts housed in the museum and the crates of artifacts from the 1930s.
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Museo della Civiltà Romana e del Planetario, ripartono i lavori, COMUNE DI ROMA (27/04/2017) & FOTO di Dott.ssa Elizabetta Rossi, Riapriamo Il Museo della Civiltà Romana / FACEBOOK (01/05/2017).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/33577303773
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: L' abbondono del Museo della Civilta` Romana, di Emanuela Verga. Corriere Della Sera (26/05/2011): 14.
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5760864225
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Via dell' Impero / Fori Imperiali - Una piage del Archeologia Italiana - gli scavi inediti (1939-2009) - Indiana Jones ai Fori Imperiali, il Mistero delle 500 casse, Riemergono il reperti catalogati nel 1939. C.d.S.(12/09/2010): 3
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/4988366532
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/4988355704
Also see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: 618 stolen archaeological artifacts recovered, etc. Including a fragment of the FORMA URBIS ROMAE [area of the Tempio di Minerva Calcidica in the Campius Marius]. Il Messaggero (06/02/2008).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/2515127737
--- The Antiquarium on the Celian Hill: in the late 1880s thru 1939, the Antiquarium on the Celian Hill would serve as a collection site administered by the city of Rome to house the vast volume of archaeological materials or fragmentary architectural elements (dating from Roman Antiquity to the Renaissance era) unearthed throughout the city. In 1939-40, the Antiquarium on the Celian Hill was closed due to structure damage to building during the construction of the nearby Rome - Metro B 'Colosseum' subway line. In the late 1950s or early 1960s, various artifacts held in several dozen or more crates where transformed to various other museum sites administered by the city of Rome, and finally in the 1990s (?) ending up in the basement of the Museum of Roman Civilization / EUR district. Today 2020, the Antiquarium on the Celian Hill is closed and in a sad state of decay; see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Manlio Lilli, Beni culturali: a Roma la Sovraintendenza cerca volontari. IL FATTO QUOTIDIANO (14|11|2014).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/15789195072
Also see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: The Hidden Treasures of Rome | Capitoline Project Publication | the University of Missouri | Comune di Roma (2014 | 2017) & Confederazione Italiana Archeologi (11|11|2014).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/34247622354
--- The Palazzo Rivaldi / Velia Hill: in the mid-1990s, Mayor of Rome Francesco Rutelli proposed that Palazzo Rivaldi / Velia Hill would serve as a new museum for the Imperial Fora. The Palazzo partially survived following the demolition and clearing of the Velia hill in the late 1920s and early 1930s during the construction of the Via dell' Impero (now the Via dei Fori Imperiali). Today as of 2020, the Palazzo Rivaldi is still closed and abandoned overlooking the now ongoing construction of the new Metro C 'Fori Imperiali' Subway station (2015-20); see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Italia - Agenzia del Demanio: the 16th cent. "Palazzo Silvestri-Rivaldi" along the Via dei Fori to be Sold for Private Development. CORRIERE DELLA SERA (25/01/2017) & LA REPUBBLICA (06/02/2004), 5.
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/31929062353
--- The Visitor Center of the Imperial Fora: In 1999, the City of Rome opened the New Visitor Center of the Imperial Fora on the corner of the Via Cavour and the Via dei Fori Imperiali. In 2002, the small Visitor Center was transfered to its permanent site located next to the Palazzo Rivaldi / Velia Hill. Between 2002-12; the small Visitor Center was one of the most interesting and innovation site's in Rome because if offered the visitor to the Imperial Fora a unique array of information on the ancient-thru-modern history of the Imperial Fora (available in both Italian and English). Including a detailed new model of the monumental complex of the ancient Imperial Fora in antiquity, in the scale of 1:500 meters.
After 2012, the visitor center was transformed into a "PIT Fori Imperiali, Punto Informativo Turistico", then afterwards it was somwhat abandoned and neglected; see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: “PIT Fori Imperiali, Punto Informativo Turistico / Il Visitor Center dei Fori Imperiali e` SUK.” Remo Tagliacozzo CEO ZETEMA & Sindaca Virginia Raggi, in: Zètema Progetto Cultura S.r.l. & TRIPADVISOR (2019).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/49364314908
Also see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: A Roma il Visitor Center su via dei Fori Imperiali - Fori, nell' oasi per turisti solo topo e immondizia, Laura Larcan - Facebook | Il Messaggero (09/08/2016).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/33654383164
--- The Museum of the City of Rome from 'Romolo ad Albertone' (2010 - onwards).
In the late 2000s, the City of Rome proposed creating a new Museum of the City of Rome from 'Romulas to Aberto Sordi', with the new Museum located on the former site of the closed and former 'Museo dell’Impero Romano' (1927); located adjacent at the base of the Palatine Hill and the nearby Circus Maximus. The new museum would be a modern state-of-art-museum merging tradtional museum settings with internet and then new 'innovative' social media resources. Problematically, besides the restoration of the former 'Museo dell’Impero Romano', the city of Rome also proposed transforming sections of the building to include a new 5-star hotel and resturant. Today, the planning and funding status of the new and or former museum, hotel and resturant is unknown?
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Il Museo della Città? Apre nel 2012. Ecco il progetto in via dei Cerchi: 54 sale da Romolo ad Albertone. IL MESSAGGERO (05/01/2010): 1 & 33.
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/4247766393/
Also see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Enrico Silverio, “21 aprile 1927: l’inaugurazione del Museo dell’Impero Romano,” in: CIVILTÀ ROMANA III (2016) & BOLLETTINO DEI MUSEI COMUNALI DI ROMA (2014).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/28066495009/
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/39845719671/
--- The Ara Pacis Museum: in the early to mid 1990s, former Mayor Francesco Rutelli proposed creating a new Museum for the Ara Pacis Monument in Rome, with the new Ara Pacis museum to be completed in time for the Jubilee Year 2000 celebration in Rome (Dec. 1999 - Jan. 2001). Problematically, Mayor Rutelli was less concerned about protecting the Ara Pacis Monument; but, more concerned with transforming the monument into a museum show place which included "...a library, a bookstore, a café, and an auditorium capable of seating about a hundred and fifty people." In which added additional cost to the new museum, but also considerably delayed the official opening of the new museum, years after the end of the Jubilee Year 2000 celebration; see:
ROMA, "NON FATELO", in: John Seabrook, “Rome Renovation - Can Richard Meier undo what Augustus and Mussolini wrought?” in: THE NEW YORKER, Vol. 81, No. 11 (2 May 2005): 56-64 [in PDF].
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/14997011141/
4.2). Rome - The Italian State Museums Neglected & Underfunded; see:
--- The Museum of the Roman Forum: Between 1900-12, Italian Architect Giacomo Boni (Archaeological Director of the Roman Forum [1898-1925]) created the Museum of the Roman Forum. The Museum would serve as museum, but also a library and archive for the history of the Roman Forum. In 1939-40, the Museum of the Roman Forum was closed due to the wartime emergency. Now 70 years later the Museum is still closed to the public and scholars alike; see:
Dr. Alfonsina Russo (ed.), Parco archeologico del Colosseo. Rome: Electra (2018-20), pp. 1-61 [in PDF].
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/49359261982
Also see:
Rome - Excavating The Centre of Rome's Great Civilisation - Revealing the Story of the Forum - The Results of Commendatore Boni's Nine Years Work in Rome, in: Suppliment to the Sphere, 21 September (1907).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/24875845892
--- The Museum of the Palatine Hill (2011): In early August 2011, Dr. Rossella Rea reported that several employee's from the Museum of the Palatine Hill stole 40.000 Euro's / or nearly $50,ooo USD in museum entrance fee's; see:
Il Messaggero (08/08/2011) & Corriere della Sera (09/08/2011).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/6025744682
S.v.,
--- ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. Sindaca Raggi & ex-Sindaco Rutelli (1995) gioca a fare politica con il patrimonio urbano di Roma. Raggi: "La fermata Amba Aradam della Metro C sarà intitola a Giorgio Marincola." La Repubblica (01/08/2020) & (13-19/09/1995). wp.me/pbMWvy-rD