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This badge, in all probability, hasn't long seen the light of day, such is the luminosity of the enamel. A calculated guess would suggest that the badge has been tucked away in a drawer, protected by its original packaging, only to have been rediscovered again after many decades. The undulating coverage of the enamel within the black area of the shield and around the lettering 'Aberavon' gives off a shimmering, reflective effect - quite typical of thickly coated enamel badges from the early 20th century period. This heavy enamel coverage is one of the endearing features of early enamel badges.
The badge design is rooted in herladic tradition with shield and scroll and promotes Aberavon Rugby Supporters Club. A member of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU), Aberavon RFC (known as the 'Wizards'), is located in the coastal town of Port Talbot, South Wales and was established in 1876, initially as Afan Football Club, before further changes gave way to the eventual name, Aberavon RFC. Since rugby union went professional in 1995, many Welsh 'heartland' club sides like Aberavon, have struggled financially.
Under the banner of the current regions in Wales, Aberavon RFC is now a feeder club to the fully professional Ospreys region (along with Neath RFC and Swansea RFC). Aberavon RFC currently play in the top tier of club rugby in Wales as a semi-professional outfit in the Welsh Premiership and play their home games at the Talbot Athletic Ground.
Aberavon RFC has a very rich rugby union heritage having played against the touring international rugby giants of Australia, South Africa and New Zealand at various stages between 1908 and 1973. This sporting heritage is further underlined by former Aberavon players representing Wales at international level.
(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a
variety of print sizes e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded
format is for screen based viewing only: 72pi)
TRANS AM
From their scattered possibilities comes the surging probability of Trans Am.
A transcendent body of sound and surgical persistence survives in the theatre of their critically received new album Sex Change. Nathan, Phil & Seb ride in on a conspiracy of the gods, anoint the confused, and cut it up in an all-scar variety show. From one obscene strategy to the next, they stitch together their operation of patterns...
"Sex Change is typically eclectic but pushes their sound further towards '70s stadium prog, keyboard-driven Krautrock, shredding '80s rock, John Carpenter soundtracks from the late 1970s, super clean and mellow funk-rock, and whatever you call the kind of music they play behind sports play-by-plays." (King Blind)
...the trannies have never seemed more exultant. Time for a return.
Recently touring the US & Canada as guests of TOOL and from that booking appointments on antipodean shores again in 2008...
Consume presents
Australian08 appointments:
THUR 7 FEB - OXFORD ART FACTORY, Sydney
Plus Soft Tigers and Ponyloaf
Tickets from Tickets available from: all Moshtix outlets, ph: 1300 GET TIX or www.moshtix.com.au
and custommade.com.au (ph 1300 762 545)
FRI 8 FEB - GoMA (Gallery of Modern Art), Brisbane 'Andy Warhol Up Late" series
Tickets: $20.00 (includes 'Andy Warhol' exhibition entry). Book through qtix, phone 136 246 or www.qtix.com.au. For program details and further information visit www.qag.qld.gov.au/warhol_uplate
SAT 9 FEB - EAST BRUNSWICK CLUB, Melbourne
Plus guests...
Tickets on sale at the East Brunswick Club box office, 280 Lygon St, PH: 9388 9794 or via the website www.eastbrunswickclub.com
SUN 10 FEB - St Kilda Festival, THE ESPY, St Kilda
Plus others to be announced...
Ticket details from venue.
Trans Am's SEX CHANGE album out now on LTI.
Special Australian edition includes bonus making of documentary.
www.myspace.com/transbandspace
TRANS AM bio
Formed in 1993, Trans Am confirms the trio of Nathan Means (bass, keyboards, vocals), Phil Manley (guitar, keyboards, bass, vocals) and Sebastian Thompson (drums, vocals, bass, guitar, programming). Over the course of seven albums and three eps, Trans Am have pleased and confounded critics with their ever-changing music style. From their most Deutsch-influenced self-titled debut to Futureworld, their 80's inspired super-synth pop tunes to the raw rock of Red Line, their musical style has always varied.
After Trans Am’s last album, Liberation – a bleak portrayal of life in a security obsessed imperial capital, the band exploded and abandoned Washington, D.C. for three different continents. The following period of programmed isolation found Nathan Means in Auckland, Phil Manley in San Francisco and Sebastian Thomson splitting time between London and New York. Internal contact was primarily electronic but for a handful of live shows. With two years’ separation fueling them, the band began in June 2006 on a program of sporadic rendezvous, reconvening briefly on several continents to work on what would become the most joyous and upbeat rock album of Trans Am’s chronicle.
Down Under
In June of 2006, Trans Am reunited at MAINZ, a recording school in Auckland, New Zealand, with a few songs and almost no musical equipment. Recording moved forward with a wide range of borrowed instruments, keyboards and other gear, including a 1960’s Mellotron and remarkable vintage amps loaned by iconic New Zealand musician Chris Knox (Tall Dwarfs). The MAINZ session, recorded by a professor and a student who received credit towards graduation, was threatened when photos of the band drinking beer in the on-campus studio were discovered by the administration. Future drinking occurred off campus.
The Other Hemisphere
Two months later, recording continued in Brooklyn, New York at the Okropolis: headquarters of New York band Oneida. Determined to make a break with the past, Trans Am again arrived with almost none of their signature gear - none of the vocoders, keyboards, drums, drum machines and amps that they used on previous albums.
Two weeks later the album was mixed at Tiny Telephone Studios in San Francisco. Compared with previous records such as TA and Liberation, which took months to complete, Sex Change was conceived, written, recorded and mixed in only three weeks.
Obscene Strategies
Although Sex Change marks a break from their past, Trans Am have always embraced unnatural and perverse recording techniques and concepts. In such a crush of time, Trans Am had to rely on traditional time and possibility expanding substances: coffee, yerba mate, et cetera, as well as a codified series of recording techniques called “Obscene Strategies”.
Brian Eno is well known for his “Oblique Strategies” in which studio engineers - faced with an apparent roadblock - draw a card from a deck. The card might suggest, “Take something perfect and make it more human”, with the intention of animating the track through an infusion of randomness. Over many years, Trans Am developed their own Obscene Strategies to provide a less humanist and more time-sensitive set of guidelines for loosening creative blockages. Sample
suggestions include:
#11 Take a nap
#16 Make it sound like Jackson Browne
#18 Rip off black musicians
#19 Invite all your friends over
#20 Check your email
#23 Leave the studio unlocked overnight
#31 Hose down the control room
#43 Pillow fight!
Liberation
Perhaps the band’s geographical liberation was the inspiration for the creation of Sex Change, Trans Am’s most international and exhilarating album to date. Whatever the reason may be, Sex Change is a welcome and forceful return by a band that has been a consistent innovator and touring machine for over a decade.
Anything is possible and the universe is an exponentially infinite probability. Or it could be something else . . .
A cup of tea in early morning is mandatory for most of the students going to attend 8:00 AM classes. The probability of falling asleep is too high without tea...
History
The church with the downed tower
History of joy and suffering of an old christian time witness of Vienna
The Minoritenkirche in Vienna is one of the oldest and most valuable artistic churches of the city. It is therefore not surprising that it also experienced a very eventful history. In all probability, the Franciscans were - how the Friars Minor (Thomas of Celano: "Ordo Friars Minor" ) also called on account of its founders personality, called by the Babenberg Duke Leopold VI the Glorious, in 1230 into the country. Here he gave them a lot, probably with a church (probably dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria), before the walls of the city, between the Scots Monastery (Schottenstift) and the ducal residence. It was not until 1237, and in 1271 the entire area was included in the extended boundary wall. The Minorite Barnabas Strasser says in his chronicle from 1766 that Leopold had asked on his return from the Holy Land in 1219 Francis in Assisi to the relocation of some brothers to Vienna, which was then carried out 1224. The Franciscans, however, are detectable only in 1234 by a bull of Gregory IX . to Frederick the Warlike, the last reigning Babenberg, by the year 1239 there was already the Austrian province. The above-mentioned chapel near the present Minoritenkirche the brothers have now expanded and dedicated it to the Holy Cross ("Santa Croce"). In 1251 the dedication was by the Bishop Berthold of Passau. In addition, the friars began to build a monastery, the 1234 is mentioned in a document (the monastery comprised finally the Ballhausplatz, Minoritenplatz and parts of the Hofburg and the Public Garden) . Of the original Romanesque building stock nothing has been preserved. Especially the great fire of 1276 has cremated large parts of the Convention.
However, the strong growth of the Friars Minor now living in Vienna made a new building of the church and monastery necessary. Already laid by King Otakar II of Bohemia in 1276 the foundation stone for the new building of that temple which was now already on the present site of the church, the monarch also promised tax exemption for all who had contributed to the building of the church.
First stage of construction (beginning in the third third of the 13th century.): So he decided to build new church and convent, but by the death in battle of Ottokar in 1278 at the March Field (Jedlespeigen close Dürnkrut) delayed the construction, thus only after the turn of the century it couldbe completed. The embalmed body of Ottokar remained 30 weeks in the chapter house of the monastery until it was transferred to Znojmo and finally to Prague. The king's heart is buried in the original Chapel of St. Catherine, which was now newly assigned this name because the appropriation should be reserved to the Holy Cross of Christ, the new church and the convent . This newly built house of God was given the shape of a two-aisled nave with zweijochigem (two-bay) long choir (chancel), which closed with the five sides of a decagon. This long choir, the one 1785/86 and changed into a five-storey residential building, was canceled in 1903. In connection with the subway construction (1984-86), although archaeological excavations took place, it also laid the foundations of the former free long-choir, but most of the foundations of the old presbytery were destroyed at the same time. - The first church had a rood screen, even at the turn of the 15th/16th Century the still resulting image of the Saint Francis was attached by an unknown artist. Just from this first phase, we know by the Baroque Minoritenchronik (chronicle) first mentioned the name of a builder, namely brother Hans Schimpffenpfeil .
Second stage of construction (after 1317-1328 ) Blanche (Blanche) of Valois, the wife of Duke Rudolf III . ( 1307) and daughter of Philip the Fair, in 1304 decreed in his will to build a chapel in honor of her grandfather, the Holy King Louis IX. of France (canonized in 1297) and introduced for this purpose in 1000 available books. However, the project was realized only under Isabella (Elizabeth ) of Aragon, wife of King Frederick the Fair (1330 ). The chapel dedicated to their relatives canonized in 1317, St . Louis of Anjou, son of Charles II of Naples, great-nephew of Louis IX . of France and Franciscan archbishop of Toulouse (1297 ); it was first a self- cultivation in the NE (north-east) of the two-aisled nave Minoritenkirche, until the third construction phase it was integrated into the nave (now the north aisle with Anthony's Chapel). In 1328 the chapel was apparently completed because in 1330 the founder - was buried in the chapel of Louis - in terms of her testamentary disposition. The tomb of Queen Isabella stood in the middle of the Kapellenjochs (chapel bay) in front of the apse. The tracery show similarity with those of the Albertine choir of St. Stephen (built by Duke Albrecht II [ 1358] ) as well as with that of the Sanctuary Strassengel near the Cistercian monastery Rein near Graz (around the middle of the 14th century.). Probably belonged to the tympanum with the donor portraits of Frederick the Fair and Isabella at the feet of the Mother of God, which was inserted in the third construction phase of the church in the secondary north portal, the original entrance to the Ludwig chapel. It must be mentioned that even the Duchess Blanche (1305 ) built around 1330 a high early gothic marble grave, which unfortunately disappeared in the course of the renovation of the church in the years 1784-86 by the court architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg. It would be in Vienna today the only work of art of this kind
Third stage of construction (from 1339 -1400): Construction of a three-aisled hall (originally nave chapel Ludwig). The north wall of the chapel was extended to the west and in the north portal installed a second yoke. In addition, it was built a new west facade, with especially the central portal - including was designed - with jamb - pompous like the French late Gothic - perhaps under South German mediation. In the obituary of the Friars Minor brother Jacob of Paris is called ( around 1340), the confessor Albrecht II as the creator of this work of art. The duke and his wife Johanna von Außenmauer MinoritenkirchePfirt have obviously significantly contributed to the emergence of Vienna undoubtedly unique late Gothic cathedrals three portal group, there is also a representation of Albrecht and his wife in the middle portal next to the cross of Christ. Together with the two for a rich Mendikantenkirche (Mendicity church) this equipment is also of French models (see Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris [after 1285] ) constructed in 1350-1370 with splendid rose windows (with "bright" and "rotating" tracery) to the south wall - unusually without a doubt. The workshop, which built the Ludwig chapel was also busy with the west facade ("Minoritenwerkstatt" (workshop)). 1350-60 or later today, finally, the bell tower was only partially built (as a builder is a lay brother Nicholas, 1385 or 1386 called ). The tower consists mainly of two parts, a lower part made of stone blocks to the height of the nave, and an upper, octagonal section of mixed masonry. Its crown had because of damage - especially been renewed several times and was eventually removed - during the Turkish wars . The consecration of the enlarged Minoritenkirche must have taken place about the year 1390. So that the church had received its valid look for the next time.
In 1529, during the first siege of the monastery and the church even more extensive damage suffering (launch of the spire). Since the monastery of the Observant (Franciscans) had been destroyed by the Turks, these sought to supplant the Franciscans in their convent, where John Capistrano, the founder of the "brown Franciscan" (Observant) in Vienna, lived some time in the Franciscan monastery and in the Church had preached, but eventually instructed the Emperor Ferdinand I the now homeless Observant buildings on Singerschen Platz. In fact, the number of Wiener Friars Minor has then shrunk to seven, so that they felt compelled to call Fathers from Italy. But that but could not prevent that the church from 1569-1620 war a Protestant church. Interestingly, originate numerous coats of arms on the balcony of this period. At that time the Conventual were only in the possession of Louis Chapel and the Chapel of St. Catherine. Also during the second Turkish siege in 1683 the tower served as an observation tower and the Minoritenkirche was accordingly fired by the Turks and severely damaged. In 1733 the tower is adorned with a copper dome, but because of the danger of collapse eventually had to be removed. It brought the church to that low pointed tiled roof, which still exists today .
More and more, the bands developed in the Minoritenkirche, especially Ludwig chapel and cemetery, grave sites of the nobility. Besides Blanche of Valois and Isabella of Aragon and Margaret, the last country Duchess of Tyrol, was named Maultasch ( 1369 ), is buried here, as well as members of Lichtsteiner, Ditrichsteins, Puchaimer, Hojo, Stauffenberger, Greifensteiner; Piccolomini, Medici, Cavalcanti, Montaldi, Valperga, etc. (many of them are listed in the "Libro d'Oro of the "Congregation Italiana"). It should also be mentioned that the Franciscans since the end of the 14th Century took lively interest in teaching at the University of Vienna, especially of course in the subjects of theology, but also the jurisprudence. At the beginning of the 18th Century lived in the Vienna alsoin the Viennese Convention the Venetian cosmographer Br Vincenzo Coronelli, which the Emperor Charles VI. appointed to head the regulation of the Danube and its famous globes are now in the globe collection of the National Library in Vienna.
It is worthnoting, finally, the fact that around 1543 on the Ballhausplatz near the Imperial Palace from parts of the monastery a small hospital was donated and that the Franciscans for 13 years did all the counseling in this new Hofspital, at this time was the newly restored Chapel of St. Catherine Hospital Church. Another wing of the former minority monastery was home to the Imperial Court Library, 1558-1613.
To Minoritenkirche the second half of the 18th Century brought drastic changes. This development was initiated by the fact that the naturalized Italians in Vienna founded an Italian congregation in 1625/26 under the guidance of the Jesuit priest and professor at the University of Vienna Wilhelm Lamormaini. By the year 1773, when the Jesuit Order was temporarily released their Italian trade fairs celebrated this "Congregation Italiana" in a chapel of the Jesuits at Bognergasse, near the old Jesuit church "Am Hof". But in 1773 that little church was by the imperial government requisited. Then the Italians found in St. Catherine Chapel at Ballhausplatz, which popularly still is referred as the Italian church - ie not only the Minoritenkirche - a new home. After a thorough restoration of the chapel was consecrated on 1 February 1775 ceremony in memory of the "Santa Maria Maggiore" to Rome in the name of "Madonna della Neve" (Mary Snow church'). The Holy Mass conducted Antonio Salieri (1750-1825), who was in 1774 chamber composer and conductor of the Italian opera in Vienna, from 1788-90 to 1824 Kapellmeister and Director of the Court Chapel. Pope Pius VI . visited during his stay in Vienna on Good Friday of 1782 the church "Maria Schnee" on the Ballhausplatz. But this state of the law was short-lived: in 1783 Emperor Joseph II shifted the Friars Minor in the former Trinitarian on Alserstrasse, and the Minoritenkirche was on the grounds that the chapel "p Maria della Neve" for about 7,000 Italians living in Vienna was too small, the Congregation italiana transferred to the condition that the Community had now to restore the Great Church (imperial decree of June 3, 1784). The richly decorated chapel "Madonna della Neve" went on an imperial property and was finally in the late 18th Century canceled. Also, the Franciscan monastery passed into state ownership: one is used for imperial and feudal law firms. The cemetery near the church was abandoned. With the greatest financial burdens now led the congregation from the imperial mission of the church renovation, the thorough repair of the church was entrusted to the court architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg (1784-1789). In order to cover the construction costs somewhat, were the old long choir (chancel) and the beginning of the 14th Century. (Consecrated in 1317 ) at the western end of the south side of the nave grown (and now defunct) St. John's Chapel (Chapel Puchaimische Kapelle ) converted into residences. The solemn consecration of the church under the name of "Madonna della Neve" took place on 16 April 1786, on Easter Sunday.
But soon was moving closer to the church the next hardship: In the years of the Napoleonic wars, the church should serve as a warehouse for straw, hay and for different equipment, so in 1809 also the forced evacuation of the building took place. Shortly after engaging the French eventually turned this into a provisions store. Two-thirds of the floor was smashed by the rolling of drums and by the retraction of cars. In the middle of the church a wide, tunnel-like cavity had been excavated and other parts of the floor destroyed a in God's house capped oven. Until 18 April 1810, the then Prefect of the Minoritenkirche received back the church keys. In 1825 died one of the most famous Kongregaten (congregats) of this century, namely, the composer Antonio Salieri, and on 22 June this year resounded in the Italian national church with the participation of the court chapel and the first Hofchores (court choir) the Verdi Requiem.
As the situation after the Napoleonic war turmoil in the mid-19th Century had normalized, Emperor Ferdinand the Good in 1845 donated to the "Congregation italiana" the according to the model of Leonardo da Vinci's famous fresco (1495-97) designed mosaic of the Last Supper, which the Roman Giacomo Raffaelli of 12 panels with a total weight of 20 tons by Napoleon's orders had made in the years 1806-1814, and was eventually bought by Emperor Franz for the Belvedere Palace. To that gave Emperor Ferdinand a considerable amount (8000 guilders) to allow the mounting of the work of art in the Minoritenkirche. The inauguration of the altar took place on 26nd in March 1847. In 1852 Emperor Franz Joseph came and soon the Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand in the "Congregation ". The former paid each year mostly coming from out of town fast preachers for the Church, in return he regularly received at the Festival of Lights (2 February) as well as on Palm Sunday the sacred candle or the olive branch.
The last major change in the church took place in the years 1892-1905 at the restructuring of the Minoritenplatz. Now two new courses, namely the Ballhausplatz and Minoritenplatz emerged, the houses adjacent to the church (former Long John's Chapel Choir and) were demolished. The former Franciscan monastery had to give way to the House, Court and State Archives. Even the church was given a new face, although the plans of the architect Viktor Luntz due to financial reasons only could be realized partially, there were clearly visible changes: Most noticeable to the viewer is undoubtedly the Gothic passage on the south side of the walled grave stones originated partly from the bands, and part of the adjacent once cemetery, as well as the above installed "Minoritenhaus". 1907 were placed in the tower four new bells cast in Trento, which is, however - with the exception of one, St. Anthony ordained, Bell - 1914 confiscated. The solemn consecration of the church took place on 4 Held in May 1909 in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph. Due to the highly cooperative attitude of the Congregation towards the transformation plans of the City of Vienna Lueger, the mayor promised that the court should never be installed directly behind the church.
More important restoration work was carried out 1960-1962 (church affairs), in the last decade, as the outer walls have been restored.
About Minoritenplatz finally should be mentioned that the pastoral care of Italians after 1786 by each rectors appointed by the Archbishop was, from 1808 to 1813 was also here Clemens Maria Hofbauer who died 1820 and later was canonized working as a church rector. Therefore, there is also his monument on the north side of the church. Since the year 1953, and officially by the order of the archbishop Ordinariate of 1 December 1957 is the Friars Minor transmitted the pastoral care of the Italian community again, firstly the Fathers belonging to the Order of Padua Province while they are under the Austrian province today. In the year 2003, ie 50 years after the adoption of the pastoral care of Italians in the Minoritenkirche by the Conventual, that Francis statue was made, nowadays, it is located on the north side of the church, next to the Baroque cultivation.
(Text by Dr. Manfred Zips , Ital. Congregation )
The monument comprises the remains of a stone circle together with an outlying pair of standing-stones, which probably date to the Bronze Age (c. 2300 - 800 BC). The circle is located on the fringes of Gors Fawr bog on the south side of the Preseli range. It comprises sixteen stones arranged in a circle of c. 22m in diameter. The five stones on the southeast are the largest and stand to c. 1m.in height, while the remainder are c. 0.3-06.m. in height. One on the southwest and another on the north have fallen, while others are tilted. The outlying standing stones are located c.120m to the north northeast of the circle; one is c. 1.8m high, the other, 13.5m to the north east c. 1.6m high.
The monument is of national importance for its potential to enhance our knowledge of prehistoric burial and ritual practices. The features are an important relic of a prehistoric funerary and ritual landscape and retain significant archaeological potential. There is a strong probability of the presence of both intact ritual and burial deposits, together with environmental and structural evidence. Stone circles are often part of a larger cluster of monuments and their importance can further enhanced by their group value.
The scheduled area comprises the remains described and areas around them within which related evidence may be expected to survive.
Pembrokeshire is a county in the south-west of Wales. It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east, Ceredigion to the northeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the sea.[note 1] Haverfordwest is the largest town and administrative headquarters of Pembrokeshire County Council.
The county is generally sparsely populated and rural, with an area of 200 square miles (520 km2) and a population of 123,400. After Haverfordwest, the largest settlements are Milford Haven (13,907), Pembroke Dock (9,753), and Pembroke (7,552). St Davids (1,841) is a city, the smallest by population in the UK. Welsh is spoken by 17.2 percent of the population, and for historic reasons is more widely spoken in the north of the county than in the south.
Pembrokeshire's coast is its most dramatic geographic feature, created by the complex geology of the area. It is a varied landscape which includes high sea cliffs, wide sandy beaches, the large natural harbour of Milford Haven, and several offshore islands which are home to seabird colonies. Most of it is protected by Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, and can be hiked on the 190-mile (310 km) Pembrokeshire Coast Path. The interior of Pembrokeshire is relatively flat and gently undulating, with the exception of the Preseli Mountains in the north.
There are many prehistoric sites in Pembrokeshire, particularly in the Preseli Mountains. During the Middle Ages several castles were built by the Normans, such as Pembroke and Cilgerran, and St David's Cathedral became an important pilgrimage site. During the Industrial Revolution the county remained relatively rural, with the exception of Milford Haven, which was developed as a port and Royal Navy dockyard. It is now the UK's third-largest port, primarily because of its two liquefied natural gas terminals. The economy of the county is now focused on agriculture, oil and gas, and tourism.
Human habitation of the region that is now Pembrokeshire extends back to between 125,000 and 70,000 years and there are numerous prehistoric sites such as Pentre Ifan, and neolithic remains (12,000 to 6,500 years ago), more of which were revealed in an aerial survey during the 2018 heatwave; in the same year, a 1st-century Celtic chariot burial was discovered, the first such find in Wales. There may have been dairy farming in Neolithic times.
There is little evidence of Roman occupation in what is now Pembrokeshire. Ptolemy's Geography, written c. 150, mentioned some coastal places, two of which have been identified as the River Teifi and what is now St Davids Head, but most Roman writers did not mention the area; there may have been a Roman settlement near St Davids and a road from Bath, but this comes from a 14th-century writer. Any evidence for villas or Roman building materials reported by mediaeval or later writers has not been verified, though some remains near Dale were tentatively identified as Roman in character by topographer Richard Fenton in his Historical Tour of 1810. Fenton stated that he had "...reason to be of opinion that they had not colonized Pembrokeshire till near the decline of their empire in Britain".
Part of a possible Roman road is noted by CADW near Llanddewi Velfrey, and another near Wiston. Wiston is also the location of the first Roman fort discovered in Pembrokeshire, investigated in 2013.
Some artefacts, including coins and weapons, have been found, but it is not clear whether these belonged to Romans or to a Romanised population. Welsh tradition has it that Magnus Maximus founded Haverfordwest, and took a large force of local men on campaign in Gaul in 383 which, together with the reduction of Roman forces in south Wales, left a defensive vacuum which was filled by incomers from Ireland.
Between 350 and 400, an Irish tribe known as the Déisi settled in the region known to the Romans as Demetae. The Déisi merged with the local Welsh, with the regional name underlying Demetae evolving into Dyfed, which existed as an independent petty kingdom from the 5th century. In 904, Hywel Dda married Elen (died 943), daughter of the king of Dyfed Llywarch ap Hyfaidd, and merged Dyfed with his own maternal inheritance of Seisyllwg, forming the new realm of Deheubarth ("southern district"). Between the Roman and Norman periods, the region was subjected to raids from Vikings, who established settlements and trading posts at Haverfordwest, Fishguard, Caldey Island and elsewhere.
Dyfed remained an integral province of Deheubarth, but this was contested by invading Normans and Flemings who arrived between 1067 and 1111. The region became known as Pembroke (sometimes archaic "Penbroke":), after the Norman castle built in the cantref of Penfro. In 1136, Prince Owain Gwynedd at Crug Mawr near Cardigan met and destroyed a 3,000-strong Norman/Flemish army and incorporated Deheubarth into Gwynedd. Norman/Flemish influence never fully recovered in West Wales. In 1138, the county of Pembrokeshire was named as a county palatine. Rhys ap Gruffydd, the son of Owain Gwynedd's daughter Gwenllian, re-established Welsh control over much of the region and threatened to retake all of Pembrokeshire, but died in 1197. After Deheubarth was split by a dynastic feud, Llywelyn the Great almost succeeded in retaking the region of Pembroke between 1216 and his death in 1240. In 1284 the Statute of Rhuddlan was enacted to introduce the English common law system to Wales, heralding 100 years of peace, but had little effect on those areas already established under the Marcher Lords, such as Cemais in the north of the county.
Henry Tudor, born at Pembroke Castle in 1457, landed an army in Pembrokeshire in 1485 and marched to Cardigan. Rallying support, he continued to Leicestershire and defeated the larger army of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. As Henry VII, he became the first monarch of the House of Tudor, which ruled England until 1603.
The Laws in Wales Act 1535 effectively abolished the powers of the Marcher Lords and divided the county into seven hundreds, roughly corresponding to the seven pre-Norman cantrefi of Dyfed. The hundreds were (clockwise from the northeast): Cilgerran, Cemais, Dewisland, Roose, Castlemartin, Narberth and Dungleddy and each was divided into civil parishes; a 1578 map in the British Library is the earliest known to show parishes and chapelries in Pembrokeshire. The Elizabethan era brought renewed prosperity to the county through an opening up of rural industries, including agriculture, mining and fishing, with exports to England and Ireland, though the formerly staple woollen industry had all but disappeared.
During the First English Civil War (1642–1646) the county gave strong support to the Roundheads (Parliamentarians), in contrast to the rest of Wales, which was staunchly Royalist. In spite of this, an incident in Pembrokeshire triggered the opening shots of the Second English Civil War when local units of the New Model Army mutinied. Oliver Cromwell defeated the uprising at the Siege of Pembroke in July 1648. On 13 August 1649, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland began when New Model Army forces sailed from Milford Haven.
In 1720, Emmanuel Bowen described Pembrokeshire as having five market towns, 45 parishes and about 4,329 houses, with an area of 420,000 acres (1,700 km2). In 1791 a petition was presented to the House of Commons concerning the poor state of many of the county's roads, pointing out that repairs could not be made compulsory by the law as it stood. The petition was referred to committee. People applying for poor relief were often put to work mending roads. Workhouses were poorly documented. Under the Poor Laws, costs and provisions were kept to a minimum, but the emphasis was often on helping people to be self-employed. While the Poor Laws provided a significant means of support, there were many charitable and benefit societies. After the Battle of Fishguard, the failed French invasion of 1797, 500 French prisoners were held at Golden Hill Farm, Pembroke. From 1820 to 1878 one of the county's prisons, with a capacity of 86, was in the grounds of Haverfordwest Castle. In 1831, the area of the county was calculated to be 345,600 acres (1,399 km2) with a population of 81,424.
It was not until nearly the end of the 19th century that mains water was provided to rural south Pembrokeshire by means of a reservoir at Rosebush and cast iron water pipes throughout the district.
Throughout much of the 20th century (1911 to 1961) the population density in the county remained stable while it rose in England and Wales as a whole. There was considerable military activity in Pembrokeshire and offshore in the 20th century: a naval base at Milford Haven because German U-boats were active off the coast in World War I and, in World War II, military exercises in the Preseli Mountains and a number of military airfields. The wartime increase in air activity saw a number of aircraft accidents and fatalities, often due to unfamiliarity with the terrain. From 1943 to 1944, 5,000 soldiers from the United States Army's 110th Infantry Regiment were based in the county, preparing for D-Day. Military and industrial targets in the county were subjected to bombing during World War II. After the end of the war, German prisoners of war were accommodated in Pembrokeshire, the largest prison being at Haverfordwest, housing 600. The County of Pembroke War Memorial in Haverfordwest carries the names of 1,200 of those that perished in World War I.
In 1972, a second reservoir for south Pembrokeshire, at Llys y Fran, was completed.
Pembrokeshire's tourism portal is Visit Pembrokeshire, run by Pembrokeshire County Council. In 2015 4.3 million tourists visited the county, staying for an average of 5.24 days, spending £585 million; the tourism industry supported 11,834 jobs. Many of Pembrokeshire's beaches have won awards, including Poppit Sands and Newport Sands. In 2018, Pembrokeshire received the most coast awards in Wales, with 56 Blue Flag, Green Coast or Seaside Awards. In the 2019 Wales Coast Awards, 39 Pembrokeshire beaches were recognised, including 11 awarded Blue Flag status.
The Pembrokeshire coastline is a major draw to tourists; in 2011 National Geographic Traveller magazine voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the second best in the world and in 2015 the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park was listed among the top five parks in the world by a travel writer for the Huffington Post. Countryfile Magazine readers voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the top UK holiday destination in 2018, and in 2019 Consumers' Association members placed Tenby and St Davids in the top three best value beach destinations in Britain. With few large urban areas, Pembrokeshire is a "dark sky" destination. The many wrecks off the Pembrokeshire coast attract divers. The decade from 2012 saw significant, increasing numbers of Atlantic bluefin tuna, not seen since the 1960s, and now seen by some as an opportunity to encourage tourist sport fishing.
The county has a number of theme and animal parks (examples are Folly Farm Adventure Park and Zoo, Manor House Wildlife Park, Blue Lagoon Water Park and Oakwood Theme Park), museums and other visitor attractions including Castell Henllys reconstructed Iron Age fort, Tenby Lifeboat Station and Milford Haven's Torch Theatre. There are 21 marked cycle trails around the county.
Pembrokeshire Destination Management Plan for 2020 to 2025 sets out the scope and priorities to grow tourism in Pembrokeshire by increasing its value by 10 per cent in the five years, and to make Pembrokeshire a top five UK destination.
As the national sport of Wales, rugby union is widely played throughout the county at both town and village level. Haverfordwest RFC, founded in 1875, is a feeder club for Llanelli Scarlets. Village team Crymych RFC in 2014 plays in WRU Division One West. There are numerous football clubs in the county, playing in five leagues with Haverfordwest County A.F.C. competing in the Cymru Premier.
Triathlon event Ironman Wales has been held in Pembrokeshire since 2011, contributing £3.7 million to the local economy, and the county committed in 2017 to host the event for a further five years. Ras Beca, a mixed road, fell and cross country race attracting UK-wide competitors, has been held in the Preselis annually since 1977. The record of 32 minutes 5 seconds has stood since 1995. Pembrokeshire Harriers athletics club was formed in 2001 by the amalgamation of Cleddau Athletic Club (established 1970) and Preseli Harriers (1989) and is based in Haverfordwest.
The annual Tour of Pembrokeshire road-cycling event takes place over routes of optional length. The 4th Tour, in April 2015, attracted 1,600 riders including Olympic gold medallist Chris Boardman and there were 1,500 entrants to the 2016 event. Part of Route 47 of the Celtic Trail cycle route is in Pembrokeshire. The Llys y Fran Hillclimb is an annual event run by Swansea Motor Club, and there are several other county motoring events held each year.
Abereiddy's Blue Lagoon was the venue for a round of the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series in 2012, 2013, and 2016; the Welsh Surfing Federation has held the Welsh National Surfing Championships at Freshwater West for several years, and Llys y Fran Country Park hosted the Welsh Dragonboat Championships from 2014 to 2017.
While not at major league level, cricket is played throughout the county and many villages such as Lamphey, Creselly, Llangwm, Llechryd and Crymych field teams in minor leagues under the umbrella of the Cricket Board of Wales.
Notable people
From mediaeval times, Rhys ap Gruffydd (c. 1132-1197), ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth, was buried in St Davids Cathedral. and Gerald of Wales was born c. 1146 at Manorbier Castle. Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) was born in 1457 at Pembroke Castle.
The pirate Bartholomew Roberts (Black Bart) (Welsh: Barti Ddu) was born in Casnewydd Bach, between Fishguard and Haverfordwest in 1682.
In later military history, Jemima Nicholas, heroine of the so-called "last invasion of Britain" in 1797, was from Fishguard, Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton GCB, born in Haverfordwest, was killed at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and Private Thomas Collins is believed to be the only Pembrokeshire man that fought in the Battle of Rorke's Drift in 1879.
In the arts, siblings Gwen and Augustus John were both born in Pembrokeshire, as was the novelist Sarah Waters; singer Connie Fisher grew up in Pembrokeshire. The actor Christian Bale was born in Haverfordwest.
Stephen Crabb, a former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Secretary of State for Wales, was brought up in Pembrokeshire and is one of the county's two Members of Parliament, the other being Simon Hart,[90] who served as Secretary of State for Wales from 2019 to 2022.
No black hole :)
The two stars of the show this time are above and below one another at #8 and #14. These are both examples of photos that could in all probability look very ordinary to some people's eyes, but resonate strongly with others. They certainly hit the button with me.
As my comments on Welcome in Izmir show, my response to the image was so immediate that I took no notice of the title and instincitvely interpreted it as a farewell. I said, on my first visit, " love the sense of the camera moving as well as the running children, as if you are in the back of a car or truck and pulling away -the grin of glee on her face is wonderful, the overall colours fantastic but particulalrly their pink and yellow tops work so well - and then the group of adults standing so absorbed in their own grownup business, whatever it may be - it's just a marvellous moment - and you've captured its essence, its spirit"
I'm sure at least a few more of you will think the same, regarding its decisive moment aspect at least!
The same photographer is represented by photo #15, an amazing classic black-and-white. I don't know how anyone could look at this image and not add it to their faves!
As for the second of the two 'stars' of this collection, it's this image of a kiss on a bus, which I I like so much not just for the cute forehead kiss, but because of the composition, with the faces behind and the passenger's hand holding the vertical bar and with the photographer's one hand so nonchalantly holding an apple while the other is taking the photo at arm's stretch - I'm also a bit of a softie and love the happy ambience.
Isn't Talk about bad hair day just a fabulous example of how visual imagery can spark every kind of response. It's probably the only example this time of a purely fun shot. Thanks !efatima!
Delgadina's is one of my favourite flickr streams and image #12 is one of those that I didn't instantly fave, but lingered in my visual cortex to such an expent that I returned to correct the omission.
There is another extraordinary image from gary issaacs in position #1, followed by two exceptional bnw portraits by Howard French.
The other two black-and-white's I'd like to indivudually mention are #28 by Bruno Taddei (incredible light, composition and camera viewpoint) and #33 by tonibird, a portrait of Leonard Cohen and Philip Glass, poised in mid conversation (or some other form of communication).
#10 was an instant hit with me, with its colour vibrancy and individual compositional elements.
About image #20, I commented: "Not always keen on fake ttv stuff but this image is perfect in every way - framing, position of the guy's hands, the perspective line of the warehouse roof, that wonderful vertical and horizontal above him giving the image a double framing and of course the immaculately cool style of the man !!" I'll be a regular visitor to marmota's stream from now on.
I'm inclined to leave you to discover the rest, except to say BOO back to this self-portrait by Quizz, and wish her happy times during her well-earned mini-vacation.
1. salt on a mirror 11/16/17, 2. 月下 美人, 3. On the Corner, 4. Talk about a bad hair day, 5. flickr.com/photos/88864379@N00/1994353488/, 6. . I Thought The Wind Was Her Hair ., 7. Untitled, 8. 067/365 - November 11th 2007, 9. dusk, 10. refit in my room, 11. Recuerdos de un sueño olvidado, 12. Estoy perdiendo el tiempo, 13. (flowers), 14. Welcome in Izmir ..., 15. Sister doing her homeworks ^^..., 16. il pleut.., 17. il pleut.., 18. It takes 2 to tango, 19. Chapel on the Hill (2), 20. Untitled, 21. juego de niñas, 22. lucy 02, 23. CHIEN, 24. ARTISTE DANS SON ATELIER, 25. CANOTIER A MONTJEAN SUR LA LOIRE (FRANCE), 26. 8O, 27. LE FLEUVE, 28. Untitled, 29. I swear I could touch you..., 30. woman and giraffe in red turbans, 31. matter and spirit, 32. gerbana carnival, 33. Book of Longing, 34. ?, 35. splitting hairs, 36. Try to imagine a careless life
Created with fd's Flickr Toys.
Probability of occurrence of P. africana is determined on the basis of climatic/environmental parameters and indicated by different colors, from dark brown (high probability) to yellow (low probability).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059987.g001
Read more about Bioversity International’s work on Information systems for crop and tree diversity
www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/inform...
The continuous probability distribution used as a first approximation to describe real-valued random variables that tend to cluster around a single mean value
..... or .......
Gaussian blur on a sunny day.
www.magazinetoday.org/smoke-decreases-the-probability-of-... A recent study found that the women who continued smoking after breast cancer diagnostic are less likely to survive the disease than those who quit or do not smoke at all.
The researchers analyzed data from more than 20,000 women between 20 and 79 years old, nearly all white, and diagnosed with...
The book sticking out is one of my favorites: A Guide to Caper by Thomas Bodkin (the author) & Denis Eden (the artist).
Here are favorite passages - from the introduction:
"When I was a young boy, about a year younger than you are now, I owned a PRECIOUS BOOK. For years it was my chief pleasure and joy, and might still be so had it not disappeared when I left home for school. I thought, and still think, that it was then stolen by some person of high taste and low character who had, perhaps, waited during years for such an opportunity. It has ,in all probability, fallen to pieces long ago; for it was worn and fragile when I last saw it. Yet, in my mind's eye, I can see it still, as exquisite and desirable as ever.
"It was bound in a red like the red of a new pillar-box or the best, fresh blood. 'Officer's Scarlet' was the name of the colour.
"On the cover sprawled splendid silvern letters, drunken yet majestic, that shouted 'Souvenir of ____' I forget the place. It was a spa, anyhow.... When you opened my book, which was fat, you were always astonished to find that it contained but a single page. What a page that was! In length, it stretched right from the schoolroom fireplace to well under the table opposite. It began the moment you opened the front cover and ended just inside the edge of the back. It needed some management, for it was prone to burst, like a ginger-beer from a bottle, and flow all over the place. But with a little coaxing it would fold up again, like an accordion or a concertina, and go back quietly into retirement....
"There was scarcely anything but pictures in my book, not a trace of a story, not a word of print beyond the short descriptions under each picture... printed in a beautiful kind of purple-brown ink, very dark, on shiny cream-coloured paper, and each picture had a bright red line around it....
"A special charm of these pictures was their delicious smell. I never come across pictures nowadays that smell like them. Sometimes it would be like warm milk just come from the cow. Another time it was like a Japanese card tray that stood on our hall table and gave out a beautiful perfume when you rubbed it hard. It would remind you of sealing wax or of varnish. On a very fine day all these smells would be deliciously mixed up together to make the special smell of the book...."
There's much, much more like this. It gets my sense of whimsy and wonder drooling. The author (referring to the illustrator as well) says "We call this book a Guide to Caper because we couldn't think of a better name; though we know it's not exactly a guide, because we can't quite explain how you get there."
In the manner of precious books and their worlds of lost yearning, there's this hint, at least, at how to really find your way...
"It would be pleasant enough to be locked up in Caper for a long time, but no fun at all to be locked out. So Eden has made an exact picture of the key which opens the gates, and it would be well for the intending traveler to Caper to get one of the kind made, in case he might have occasion to use it. The cost could not be more than three pence. The picture is on the title page...."
And there's testimony as to how someone actually did get there....
"Well, one fine day, as I was rather sad, thinking about my vanished book and about that mysterious lost town, I wandered down a little country track which got broader and broader, and smoother and smoother, all grass under foot and flowers of every sort on both sides, and twistier and twistier, and steeper and steeper, until I was running down it and couldn't stop myself. I did not want to stop myself - not a bit - I was eager to go on to the end of that astonishingly fine track. Occasionally at its corners I could see little dull, pebbly paths, leading up hill, very straight and narrow, and pointing along each one was a sign-post with the words 'THE RIGHT DIRECTION' printed on it in large letters. I never paid the least attention to them, for these little paths all looked most horribly dusty. In less than no time I came to the bottom of my road, and there opposite me I saw the Great Main Eastern Gate of the Town of Caper...."
A Guide to Caper by Thomas Bodkin and Denis Eden... If you ever run across a copy, maybe you'll find your way to Caper too... :)
For a look at an page of the book, click here.
Probability Calculator is a part of mathematics is related with the random phenomenon. Probability Calculator is an online tool to find probability of a given situation or problem. It makes calculation easy and fun. If number of possible outcomes and number of event is given then it can easily find the probability.
(Ammomanopsis grayi)
Near to Spitzkoppe
Namibia
This is not intended to be a photo, but only one record of this species. Sorry the very low quality.
As it is an endemic species, with a very high probability I won't get another change to improve the photos.
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All my photos are now organized into sets by the country where they were taken, by taxonomic order, by family, by species (often with just one photo for the rarer ones), and by the date they were taken.
So, you may find:
- All the photos for this trip Namíbia (2015) (260)
- All the photos for this order PASSERIFORMES (3553)
- All the photos for this family Alaudidae // Alaudídeos (129)
- All the photos taken this day 2015/12/18 (3)
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Sentinel: nuclear detonation dispersed. probability of mission hindrance: 0%
Motoko: that's where you're wrong!
Bridlington Priory Founders Stone
A large black stone which is set up tablewise on two panelled pedestals. Many theories have been advanced concerning its origin and interpretation. It is of Tournai marble and its period can therefore be fairly well established by ten similar objects in other places, as for instance the Tournai marble Font in Lincoln Cathedral.
It was probably the cover of the tomb of Walter de Gant or Gaunt, who founded the Priory in 1113, and in keeping with the custom of those days, as Founder of a church, his remains were buried before the high altar of the Priory which he had founded and endowed. This probability Is increased by the carved representation of a section of a church, showing three arches, thus associating it with the Founder.
The design of this is very similar to the embroidered representation of such a building on the world famous Bayeux Tapestry which was worked in the lifetime of William the Conqueror. This would suggest that the carving is of that period or at least came under Norman influence. Moreover the figure of the lion suggests royalty.
The father of the Founder, Gilbert de Gant was closely related to the Conqueror and accompanied him to England. Gilbert's arms was a lion couchant and it is probable that a variant of this, a lion rampant, was permitted to his son, Walter. The wyverns at the head are also associated historically with that period and even earlier with the Norsemen. No truly satisfactory explanation has yet been given of the centre carving showing a fox and a pigeon attempting to drink out of a narrow-necked vase. It has been suggested that it is a characterisation of Aesop's fable of the "Fox and the Stork".
There is evidence that Greek literature was known to Norman culture, for in the Church of Bassion de la Loire there are early twelfth-century carvings representing scenes from Aesop's Fables. But are not the fox and wood pigeon two animals common both in Norman days and in our own ? Is not the interpretation this, that the cunning of the fox and the fear of the bird are set aside as they strive to quench their thirst without success ? Even so, neither cunning nor fear can prolong man's life who would fain continue to drink of the cup of life.
The rough edge of the stone suggests that it was elaborately carved, probably carrying an inscription, or adorned with ornamentation in silver or gold which has been ruthlessly torn away.
This stone was for many years known as the "Breadstone", because the bread was laid upon it before distribution to the poor and needy.
It is known that before the dissolution of the monastery bread was distributed on the anniversary of the Founder's death, so probably the association of bread with this stone goes back to very early days.
Bridlington Priory written by the late John. W. Lamb, M.A., Ph.D.
History
The church with the dowend tower
History of joy and suffering of an old christian time witness of Vienna
The Minoritenkirche in Vienna is one of the oldest and most valuable artistic churches of the city. It is therefore not surprising that it also experienced a very eventful history. In all probability, the Franciscans were - how the Friars Minor (Thomas of Celano: "Ordo Friars Minor" ) also called on account of its founders personality, called by the Babenberg Duke Leopold VI the Glorious, in 1230 into the country. Here he gave them a lot, probably with a church (probably dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria), before the walls of the city, between the Scots Monastery (Schottenstift) and the ducal residence. It was not until 1237, and in 1271 the entire area was included in the extended boundary wall. The Minorite Barnabas Strasser says in his chronicle from 1766 that Leopold had asked on his return from the Holy Land in 1219 Francis in Assisi to the relocation of some brothers to Vienna, which was then carried out 1224. The Franciscans, however, are detectable only in 1234 by a bull of Gregory IX . to Frederick the Warlike, the last reigning Babenberg, by the year 1239 there was already the Austrian province. The above-mentioned chapel near the present Minoritenkirche the brothers have now expanded and dedicated it to the Holy Cross ("Santa Croce"). In 1251 the dedication was by the Bishop Berthold of Passau. In addition, the friars began to build a monastery, the 1234 is mentioned in a document (the monastery comprised finally the Ballhausplatz, Minoritenplatz and parts of the Hofburg and the Public Garden) . Of the original Romanesque building stock nothing has been preserved. Especially the great fire of 1276 has cremated large parts of the Convention.
However, the strong growth of the Friars Minor now living in Vienna made a new building of the church and monastery necessary. Already laid by King Otakar II of Bohemia in 1276 the foundation stone for the new building of that temple which was now already on the present site of the church, the monarch also promised tax exemption for all who had contributed to the building of the church.
First stage of construction (beginning in the third third of the 13th century.): So he decided to build new church and convent, but by the death in battle of Ottokar in 1278 at the March Field (Jedlespeigen close Dürnkrut) delayed the construction, thus only after the turn of the century it couldbe completed. The embalmed body of Ottokar remained 30 weeks in the chapter house of the monastery until it was transferred to Znojmo and finally to Prague. The king's heart is buried in the original Chapel of St. Catherine, which was now newly assigned this name because the appropriation should be reserved to the Holy Cross of Christ, the new church and the convent . This newly built house of God was given the shape of a two-aisled nave with zweijochigem (two-bay) long choir (chancel), which closed with the five sides of a decagon. This long choir, the one 1785/86 and changed into a five-storey residential building, was canceled in 1903. In connection with the subway construction (1984-86), although archaeological excavations took place, it also laid the foundations of the former free long-choir, but most of the foundations of the old presbytery were destroyed at the same time. - The first church had a rood screen, even at the turn of the 15th/16th Century the still resulting image of the Saint Francis was attached by an unknown artist. Just from this first phase, we know by the Baroque Minoritenchronik (chronicle) first mentioned the name of a builder, namely brother Hans Schimpffenpfeil .
Second stage of construction (after 1317-1328 ) Blanche (Blanche) of Valois, the wife of Duke Rudolf III . (+ 1307) and daughter of Philip the Fair, in 1304 decreed in his will to build a chapel in honor of her grandfather, the Holy King Louis IX. of France (canonized in 1297) and introduced for this purpose in 1000 available books. However, the project was realized only under Isabella (Elizabeth ) of Aragon, wife of King Frederick the Fair (1330 +). The chapel dedicated to their relatives canonized in 1317, St . Louis of Anjou, son of Charles II of Naples, great-nephew of Louis IX . of France and Franciscan archbishop of Toulouse (1297 + ); it was first a self- cultivation in the NE (north-east) of the two-aisled nave Minoritenkirche, until the third construction phase it was integrated into the nave (now the north aisle with Anthony's Chapel). In 1328 the chapel was apparently completed because in 1330 the founder - was buried in the chapel of Louis - in terms of her testamentary disposition. The tomb of Queen Isabella stood in the middle of the Kapellenjochs (chapel bay) in front of the apse. The tracery show similarity with those of the Albertine choir of St. Stephen (built by Duke Albrecht II [+ 1358] ) as well as with that of the Sanctuary Strassengel near the Cistercian monastery Rein near Graz (around the middle of the 14th century.). Probably belonged to the tympanum with the donor portraits of Frederick the Fair and Isabella at the feet of the Mother of God, which was inserted in the third construction phase of the church in the secondary north portal, the original entrance to the Ludwig chapel. It must be mentioned that even the Duchess Blanche (1305 +) built around 1330 a high early gothic marble grave, which unfortunately disappeared in the course of the renovation of the church in the years 1784-86 by the court architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg. It would be in Vienna today the only work of art of this kind
Third stage of construction (from 1339 -1400): Construction of a three-aisled hall (originally nave chapel + Ludwig). The north wall of the chapel was extended to the west and in the north portal installed a second yoke. In addition, it was built a new west facade, with especially the central portal - including was designed - with jamb - pompous like the French late Gothic - perhaps under South German mediation. In the obituary of the Friars Minor brother Jacob of Paris is called (+ around 1340), the confessor Albrecht II as the creator of this work of art. The duke and his wife Johanna von Außenmauer MinoritenkirchePfirt have obviously significantly contributed to the emergence of Vienna undoubtedly unique late Gothic cathedrals three portal group, there is also a representation of Albrecht and his wife in the middle portal next to the cross of Christ. Together with the two for a rich Mendikantenkirche (Mendicity church) this equipment is also of French models (see Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris [after 1285] ) constructed in 1350-1370 with splendid rose windows (with "bright" and "rotating" tracery) to the south wall - unusually without a doubt. The workshop, which built the Ludwig chapel was also busy with the west facade ("Minoritenwerkstatt" (workshop)). 1350-60 or later today, finally, the bell tower was only partially built (as a builder is a lay brother Nicholas, + 1385 or 1386 called ). The tower consists mainly of two parts, a lower part made of stone blocks to the height of the nave, and an upper, octagonal section of mixed masonry. Its crown had because of damage - especially been renewed several times and was eventually removed - during the Turkish wars . The consecration of the enlarged Minoritenkirche must have taken place about the year 1390. So that the church had received its valid look for the next time.
In 1529, during the first siege of the monastery and the church even more extensive damage suffering (launch of the spire). Since the monastery of the Observant (Franciscans) had been destroyed by the Turks, these sought to supplant the Franciscans in their convent, where John Capistrano, the founder of the "brown Franciscan" (Observant) in Vienna, lived some time in the Franciscan monastery and in the Church had preached, but eventually instructed the Emperor Ferdinand I the now homeless Observant buildings on Singerschen Platz. In fact, the number of Wiener Friars Minor has then shrunk to seven, so that they felt compelled to call Fathers from Italy. But that but could not prevent that the church from 1569-1620 war a Protestant church. Interestingly, originate numerous coats of arms on the balcony of this period. At that time the Conventual were only in the possession of Louis Chapel and the Chapel of St. Catherine. Also during the second Turkish siege in 1683 the tower served as an observation tower and the Minoritenkirche was accordingly fired by the Turks and severely damaged. In 1733 the tower is adorned with a copper dome, but because of the danger of collapse eventually had to be removed. It brought the church to that low pointed tiled roof, which still exists today .
More and more, the bands developed in the Minoritenkirche, especially Ludwig chapel and cemetery, grave sites of the nobility. Besides Blanche of Valois and Isabella of Aragon and Margaret, the last country Duchess of Tyrol, was named Maultasch (+ 1369 ), is buried here, as well as members of Lichtsteiner, Ditrichsteins, Puchaimer, Hojo, Stauffenberger, Greifensteiner; Piccolomini, Medici, Cavalcanti, Montaldi, Valperga, etc. (many of them are listed in the "Libro d'Oro of the "Congregation Italiana"). It should also be mentioned that the Franciscans since the end of the 14th Century took lively interest in teaching at the University of Vienna, especially of course in the subjects of theology, but also the jurisprudence. At the beginning of the 18th Century lived in the Vienna alsoin the Viennese Convention the Venetian cosmographer Br Vincenzo Coronelli, which the Emperor Charles VI. appointed to head the regulation of the Danube and its famous globes are now in the globe collection of the National Library in Vienna.
It is worthnoting, finally, the fact that around 1543 on the Ballhausplatz near the Imperial Palace from parts of the monastery a small hospital was donated and that the Franciscans for 13 years did all the counseling in this new Hofspital, at this time was the newly restored Chapel of St. Catherine Hospital Church. Another wing of the former minority monastery was home to the Imperial Court Library, 1558-1613.
To Minoritenkirche the second half of the 18th Century brought drastic changes. This development was initiated by the fact that the naturalized Italians in Vienna founded an Italian congregation in 1625/26 under the guidance of the Jesuit priest and professor at the University of Vienna Wilhelm Lamormaini. By the year 1773, when the Jesuit Order was temporarily released their Italian trade fairs celebrated this "Congregation Italiana" in a chapel of the Jesuits at Bognergasse, near the old Jesuit church "Am Hof". But in 1773 that little church was by the imperial government requisited. Then the Italians found in St. Catherine Chapel at Ballhausplatz, which popularly still is referred as the Italian church - ie not only the Minoritenkirche - a new home. After a thorough restoration of the chapel was consecrated on 1 February 1775 ceremony in memory of the "Santa Maria Maggiore" to Rome in the name of "Madonna della Neve" (Mary Snow church'). The Holy Mass conducted Antonio Salieri (1750-1825), who was in 1774 chamber composer and conductor of the Italian opera in Vienna, from 1788-90 to 1824 Kapellmeister and Director of the Court Chapel. Pope Pius VI . visited during his stay in Vienna on Good Friday of 1782 the church "Maria Schnee" on the Ballhausplatz. But this state of the law was short-lived: in 1783 Emperor Joseph II shifted the Friars Minor in the former Trinitarian on Alserstrasse, and the Minoritenkirche was on the grounds that the chapel "p Maria della Neve" for about 7,000 Italians living in Vienna was too small, the Congregation italiana transferred to the condition that the Community had now to restore the Great Church (imperial decree of June 3, 1784). The richly decorated chapel "Madonna della Neve" went on an imperial property and was finally in the late 18th Century canceled. Also, the Franciscan monastery passed into state ownership: one is used for imperial and feudal law firms. The cemetery near the church was abandoned. With the greatest financial burdens now led the congregation from the imperial mission of the church renovation, the thorough repair of the church was entrusted to the court architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg (1784-1789). In order to cover the construction costs somewhat, were the old long choir (chancel) and the beginning of the 14th Century. (Consecrated in 1317 ) at the western end of the south side of the nave grown (and now defunct) St. John's Chapel (Chapel Puchaimische Kapelle ) converted into residences. The solemn consecration of the church under the name of "Madonna della Neve" took place on 16 April 1786, on Easter Sunday.
But soon was moving closer to the church the next hardship: In the years of the Napoleonic wars, the church should serve as a warehouse for straw, hay and for different equipment, so in 1809 also the forced evacuation of the building took place. Shortly after engaging the French eventually turned this into a provisions store. Two-thirds of the floor was smashed by the rolling of drums and by the retraction of cars. In the middle of the church a wide, tunnel-like cavity had been excavated and other parts of the floor destroyed a in God's house capped oven. Until 18 April 1810, the then Prefect of the Minoritenkirche received back the church keys. In 1825 died one of the most famous Kongregaten (congregats) of this century, namely, the composer Antonio Salieri, and on 22 June this year resounded in the Italian national church with the participation of the court chapel and the first Hofchores (court choir) the Verdi Requiem.
As the situation after the Napoleonic war turmoil in the mid-19th Century had normalized, Emperor Ferdinand the Good in 1845 donated to the "Congregation italiana" the according to the model of Leonardo da Vinci's famous fresco (1495-97) designed mosaic of the Last Supper, which the Roman Giacomo Raffaelli of 12 panels with a total weight of 20 tons by Napoleon's orders had made in the years 1806-1814, and was eventually bought by Emperor Franz for the Belvedere Palace. To that gave Emperor Ferdinand a considerable amount (8000 guilders) to allow the mounting of the work of art in the Minoritenkirche. The inauguration of the altar took place on 26nd in March 1847. In 1852 Emperor Franz Joseph came and soon the Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand in the "Congregation ". The former paid each year mostly coming from out of town fast preachers for the Church, in return he regularly received at the Festival of Lights (2 February) as well as on Palm Sunday the sacred candle or the olive branch.
The last major change in the church took place in the years 1892-1905 at the restructuring of the Minoritenplatz. Now two new courses, namely the Ballhausplatz and Minoritenplatz emerged, the houses adjacent to the church (former Long John's Chapel Choir and) were demolished. The former Franciscan monastery had to give way to the House, Court and State Archives. Even the church was given a new face, although the plans of the architect Viktor Luntz due to financial reasons only could be realized partially, there were clearly visible changes: Most noticeable to the viewer is undoubtedly the Gothic passage on the south side of the walled grave stones originated partly from the bands, and part of the adjacent once cemetery, as well as the above installed "Minoritenhaus". 1907 were placed in the tower four new bells cast in Trento, which is, however - with the exception of one, St. Anthony ordained, Bell - 1914 confiscated. The solemn consecration of the church took place on 4 Held in May 1909 in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph. Due to the highly cooperative attitude of the Congregation towards the transformation plans of the City of Vienna Lueger, the mayor promised that the court should never be installed directly behind the church.
More important restoration work was carried out 1960-1962 (church affairs), in the last decade, as the outer walls have been restored.
About Minoritenplatz finally should be mentioned that the pastoral care of Italians after 1786 by each rectors appointed by the Archbishop was, from 1808 to 1813 was also here Clemens Maria Hofbauer who died 1820 and later was canonized working as a church rector. Therefore, there is also his monument on the north side of the church. Since the year 1953, and officially by the order of the archbishop Ordinariate of 1 December 1957 is the Friars Minor transmitted the pastoral care of the Italian community again, firstly the Fathers belonging to the Order of Padua Province while they are under the Austrian province today. In the year 2003, ie 50 years after the adoption of the pastoral care of Italians in the Minoritenkirche by the Conventual, that Francis statue was made, nowadays, it is located on the north side of the church, next to the Baroque cultivation.
(Text by Dr. Manfred Zips , Ital. Congregation )
Mr. Phifer opened the year with a fun exercise in probability to get his students back into learning mode.
Probability help in statistical analysis Friends, mathematics is a very vast subject which plays an important role in our daily work starting from buying goods to cooking. It is like playing game, which requires a lot of practice and hard work to succeed and become best in it. Similarly Probability is also a very important topic which plays an important role not just in maths but also in different areas of study like Physics, Chemistry, statistical analysis etc. Starting from tossing a coin to the population calculation probability plays a major role.
Happy Towel Day 2009 to all fans of Douglas !
Here's my contribution to the celebration : several of my probabilities brought together, probably each from a different parallel universe. :)
All these books are the French editions of Douglas' novels. However, I've recently ordered the trilogy in English (in the "Picador Boxset"), and I'm waiting for receiving it !
So long !
Leonardo da Vinci
with more probability attributed to
Giovanni Ambrogio de' Predis
portrait of a musician
ritratto di musico
Franchino Gaffurio (composer, conductor etc)
Milan Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Карта дельты Днестра, на которой показан возможный ущерб от паводков, происходящих каждый год с вероятностью 1% (в среднем раз в 100 лет). / A Russian map of the Dniester delta displaying likely damage from floods with probability 1% each year.
The bus on this highly distinctive badge is in all probability a stylized version of the Yellow Coach 719 or 743 Super-Coach, which was in production from 1936 until 1939. The Super-Coach was the first exclusive design for Greyhound (and a few other carriers with the consent of Greyhound).
Its successor was the famous Greyhound Silverside, which was in production from 1940 until
1942 and again in 1947 and 1948 built by Yellow Coach (Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company). Although Greyhound called it the Super-Coach, it became known in bus parlance as the 'Silversides', after its unique design with highly distinctive 'fluted' aluminium exterior panelling.
The above badge would have, in all probability, been issued to porters, baggage men and handlers, as well as being sold as souvenirs to the travelling Greyhound Lines customers. At the same period, Trailways, a rival of Greyhound had a very similar shield based badge and this strongly suggests that the badges would have been sold to the general public.
Greyhound Lines began its service in 1914 as the Mesaba Transportation Company in Hibbing,
Minnesota. The name 'Greyhound' came about from the design of the buses and their adopted
colour grey. The renowned industrial designer Raymond Lowey was responsible for designing the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus in 1954 and during the same period reworking the Greyhound Lines trademark.
Photography, layout and design: Argy58
(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a variety of print sizes
e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded format is for screen based viewing only: 72pi)
Worn by: Clive Owen as Walter Raleigh
Costume Designer: Alexandra Byrne
Film: Elizabeth: The Golden Age
An Elizabethan man of average means - and Raleigh is as commoner - would, in all probability, possess a single suit of clothes, so production did not have the luxury of outfitting him as they would their courtiers. Byrne explains, "There are lots of contemporary engravings of Raleigh, but the reality is that a gentleman of that time maybe had one suit of clothing - he would have gone to sea in those clothes, where they would have gotten wet, then dried, they would have gotten torn, they would have been repaired. So we worked with the idea that his clothes had gone to sea with him and they had evolved of the the journey... and remember, it was four months there and four monthes back."
The designer worked with Clive Owen on the evolution of the design, assuring him that "the britches would be fine! He was a little alarmed by them. But by the end of production, I think he was quite keen on them, the way they have become a part of him. They give you a certain way of walking and a certain scale. He wears them like no one else!"
Costumes displayed courtesy of Universal Pictures International, celebrating the release of Elizabeth: The Golden Age, only at the movies November 15.
If we consider the probability of getting a snowfall of 30cm or more in one day, we'd find that kind of event only actually occurs once every 30 years or so.
Beaver swimming in a marsh that in all probability is beaver-created. The berm along the far edge of the open water is a beaver dam overgrown with grass. this is at the eat end of Dorothy Lake in Tsi'los PP.
Leonardo da Vinci
with more probability attributed to
Giovanni Ambrogio de' Predis
portrait of a musician
ritratto di musico
Franchino Gaffurio (composer, conductor etc)
Milan Biblioteca Ambrosiana
This concealed plant was with high probability operated by Flugzeug- und Metallbauwerke GmbH - Wels (FMW) which was a specialised repair and refurbishing plant for both Ju 87's and Bf 109's. From 1944 onwards, they also produced wing sets and thanks for Me 262's.
Information source:
This concealed plant was with high probability operated by Flugzeug- und Metallbauwerke GmbH - Wels (FMW) which was a specialised repair and refurbishing plant for both Ju 87's and Bf 109's. From 1944 onwards, they also produced wing sets and tanks for Me 262's.
Information source:
With the current situation in Ukraine, it is a likely probability that Russian Spetsnaz are operating there. The Spetsnaz use the Kalashnikov AK-74M. It is a 5.45x39 assault rifle, and has seen combat in Chechnya, Georgia, and now Ukraine. This rifle is customized with a Magpul MOE stock, TAPCO AK stock adapter, EOTech 552 holo sight, Troy MVG, a PBS-4 silencer, and a matte gray finish to the stock, magazine, pistol grip, and handguard.
Credit to Born_In_USSR for the receiver+handguard, Turkeyshot for the stock adapter, Mooseykins for the side rail, and ICN for the rail mount.
I'm a noob at PMG so don't burn me at the stake
Edu. #Teen Cyber Attack Risk Assessment (IPI-T) - Free PDF Download by Michael Nuccitelli, Psy.D. #iPredator NYC #OnlinePredators #BeBest #IoT - SSL Safe Link: www.ipredator.co/ipredator-probability-inventory-teen
Probability Problems This page is about probability problems and solutions which will let you know about this concept with clear understanding. This page first give you an introduction to probability problems and solutions and further moving on to explained problems with solutions. Get your learning here and if you have any further math problems, you can work with our expert tutors and gain better understanding. The theory of probability is developed initially to explain such type of decisions mathematically. In other words probability is a measure of uncertainty.
Scene 2 from our re-creation
When [Primark] originally complained that [a] segment [of the documentary] ... was faked, the BBC's editorial complaints unit held an inquiry into the complaint and cleared the programme makers. Primark then appealed to the [BBC] Trust. It responded with a lengthy, and apparently painstaking, investigation, which included sending a representative to India. That investigation by the Trust's editorial standards committee could not discover, one way or the other, whether the film was faked or not. It states: ‘ ... Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic’ (Source: Greenslade 2011 np).
The 45-second scene in question showed three boys in Bangalore ‘testing the stitching’ on some clothes. However, they were working on sequinned vest tops which had already been seen in another location - which the Trust deemed ‘improbable’. The large needles used in the footage - filmed by reporter Dan McDougall - would also be inappropriate for the delicate sequin work, it said. And they felt the tight camera focus on the boys also gave away that the footage was faked (Source: Anon 2011b np).
Award-winning filmmaker Dan McDougall ‘vigorously’ rejected the ‘unjust’ and ‘flawed’ findings of the inquiry. He said: 'I have rarely seen a finding so unjust in outcome, flawed in process and deeply damaging to independent investigative journalism' (Source: Garner 2011 np).
Nothing wrong with the other 3,555 seconds in the programme apparently (Source: Nimmykins 2011 np).
Primark added that it did not accept that some other footage used in the film was genuine but decided not to pursue the matter relating that particular imagery further (Source: Shields 2011 np).
Paul Lister of Associated British Foods, Primark’s parent company, said: ‘The BBC is guilty of fabrication. This programme was premised on a lie. We feel vindicated and we are delighted that after three years of pursuing this issue, the BBC Trust has finally confirmed the film was fake’ (Source: Gloger 2011 p.17).
What outrageous lies by Primark. They're cherry picking tiny bits of the report. The trust found in favour of Panorama initially. Primark then appealed on some issues. Primark are far from vindicated and are abusing the BBC complaints procedure (Source: Tan 2011 np).
War on Want was not directly involved in [the 45 second] clip and cannot comment specifically on it. But War on Want did feature in the film, and reaffirms that its broader finding was correct: that Primark suppliers were exploiting workers who were made to work long hours for minimal pay. ... War on Want is disappointed at the aggressive pursuit of the BBC by Primark's lawyers, and believes the company's resources would be better spent improving workers' rights in its supply chain (Source: War on Want 2011).
This is part of a 10 scene set: www.flickr.com/photos/followthethings/sets/72157632897292...
The rest of the story is here www.followthethings.com/primark.shtml
LEGOing by Ian Cook
This concealed plant was with high probability operated by Flugzeug- und Metallbauwerke GmbH - Wels (FMW) which was a specialised repair and refurbishing plant for both Ju 87's and Bf 109's. From 1944 onwards, they also produced wing sets and thanks for Me 262's.
Information source:
Minimizing the Probability of Lifetime Drawdown under Constant Consumption. Angoshtari, Bayraktar, Young arxiv.org/abs/1507.08713 #q-fin