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The Constitution of the United States
1787 to …
Establishing new governments “on wise and lasting principles, is the greatest work the mind of man can undertake.”
—Francis Lightfoot Lee, 1776
The Constitution of the United States gets to the point quickly. “We the people of the United States…” it begins, “… do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In the first few words, it accepts the “great essential” that free governments rest upon the consent of the governed and that they exist to “establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty.”
Beyond the Preamble, the Constitution provides solutions to the dilemma of power that are very different from those contained in the Articles of Confederation. Many Americans felt frustrated by the severe limits the Articles imposed. The federal government could not levy taxes, raise an army, or even enforce its laws. With change nearly impossible, with important responsibilities unaddressed, a new approach appeared to be necessary. Once again responding to the times, the Founders, via the Constitutional Convention, reshaped the tools needed to govern with the “great essentials.”
Under the Constitution, the national government protects our rights and independence. There is a president and federal courts. Precisely because power is carefully separated among these branches of government, and because each branch attracts and balances the others, this government wields great authority. The national government still controls international affairs, but now it can levy taxes and regulate interstate commerce as well. There is even language that suggests “implied” powers not specifically listed.
In fact, the wisdom of this constitution lay not only in the allocation of actual authority, but also in its flexibility. “In framing a system which we wish to last for ages,” wrote James Madison, “we should not lose sight of the changes that ages will produce.” As a result, the Constitution’s amendments catalog social change, like the abolition of slavery and voting rights for women.
George Washington contributed in many ways to the creation of the United States. We remember and memorialize him as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and as first President of the United States. He stands atop the national honor role as a man who was “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”
Yet the copy of the Constitution of the United States contained in the park’s collection captures Washington in a less elevated role. In the final minutes of the Constitutional Convention, and a moment of mundane yet politically critical “housekeeping,” the distinguished national hero who had presided over the convention with firm objectivity and even aloofness took pen in hand and changed a typographical error in the draft document.
As the ink dried, Washington handed this printer’s proof to a waiting courier who hurried to the printshop of Dunlop and Claypoole. Later that same day, on September 17, 1787, a corrected Constitution was on the stagecoach bound for New York City where the Continental Congress was in session. 10 days later, the Congress formally asked each state to consider ratification of this second national Constitution. By June 1788, the required nine states had approved and the gears of the new government gradually began to turn. Elected president, Washington eventually followed the Constitution to New York where he took the oath of office on April 30, 1789.
In 1964, the park purchased this unique version of the Constitution using privately donated funds. On the 10th line of page 4, Washington’s notation changed the date “one thousand seven hundred and eight” to read “one thousand eight hundred and eight,” the first year that Congress could take action on the slave trade.
Signing the Constitution of the United States
September 17, 1787
In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.
At the very moment of triumph, discontent threatened to unravel the compromises crafted carefully over four months’ time. As the majority of the Constitutional Convention struggled to achieve unanimity, some members resisted. Even a plea from the elder statesman, Benjamin Franklin, failed to convince three doubtful delegates to “witness” the final draft of the Constitution. The other thirty-nine, however, laid aside their personal fears, sign the document, and enlisted in the struggle for ratification that began immediately.
With all its faults, the moment this plan goes forth all other considerations will be laid aside, and the great question will be, shall there be a national Government or not?
—Gouverneur Morris, 1787
No man’s ideas are more remote from the plan than my own are known to be. But is it possible to deliberate between anarchy and convulsion on one side, and the chance of good to be expected from the plan on the other?
—Alexander Hamilton, September 17, 1787
We have… Done our best and it [the Constitution] must take its chance.
—Benjamin Franklin, 1787
Sample presentation slides from UCDA conference talk about designing for social change in Baltimore. The talk, given at Spring Hill College, addressed the Design Coalition (a course at MICA), two design projects that collaborated with local nonprofit organizations, and the design principles that we took used to guide the projects. Our paper will be published as part of the UCDA conference proceedings in the Summer of 2009. This was a collaboration between myself, Virginia Sasser and Mark Alcasabas. Thanks to Bernard Canniffe and Ellen Lupton for their help along the way.
Sedos, the City of London's premier amateur theatre company, are on tour to London and Edinburgh with a comedy about the people you hate.
Find out more www.sedos.co.uk/2016/frenemies.htm
Objective 3: Elements and Principles of Design
The principles of design demonstrated (describe the use):
Movement: The diagonal line in the clouds and the ripples is the water make the picture have a feel of movement, they lead your eyes to the left side of the photo.
Contrast: There is contrast in the photo because the trees separate how the amount of blue in the picture there is so that it can give more depth.
Balance: There is Balance in this picture because the blues in the sky and the water balance out each other to give it an HDR look but it isn’t.
The elements of design demonstrated (describe the use):
Objective 4: Lighting
Type of lighting and why: There is harsh and back lighting because the clouds are being light at the back and then they go dark underneath so the clouds have more depth and it is one of the subjects. There is harsh lighting because it is really bright and the sun is hitting the lake and making it have a very bright glare of it.
Objective 5: Post Production (ex. dust/spot removal, resize, contrast, white balance, sharpening, borders, etc.)
Corrections/adjustments made AND/OR techniques applied: Some corrections I could have made are that I could have made a smaller apperature so that it let in less light, and it didn’t have such harsh lighting. I could have added a border so that it added more to the picture. The trees in the picture are also really dark, and I could have lightened them up, so that you could see some of their colour more.
Objective 7: Photographic Styles (ex. portrait, landscape, etc.) – Explain why the settings and composition are appropriate for the style of photography. (How did you create the shot?) You do NOT need to do Objective 2 if you are handing in this objective.
Type/style of photography: Landscape
The camera mode (P, Tv, Av, M): M
f stop used: f/20.0
shutter speed used:1/60
ISO used:100
Exposure compensation: I used Manual mode so that I was picking my settings so the exposure compensation is irrelevant to my shot.
Focal length:18mm
2019 Women's Empowerment Principles Forum
Thursday, 14 March 2019
ECOSOC Chamber, United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York
Photo credit: UN Global Compact/Chae Khin for Joel Sheakoski Photography
I had the honour to shoot Aleks, Tina and Hanna while doing some areal acro on a beautiful sandy beach in Thailand's little paradise called Koh Phangan.
^^^^^A very cute video listing the principles.
The twelve principles of animation describe the elements that a good animation will feature. They explain a better understanding of realistic movement and show a good grasp of viewer perception and how to manipulate the scene to convey what the animation is designed to show. The principles began to be understood in the 1930s, when Disney began classes for their animators to improve the quality of animation. These encouraged reference from nature, their animation techniques eventually became the principles. The principles were outlined by Thomas and Johnston in the book 'Illusion of Life' published in 1981.
Knowing the principles isn't the important part, understanding how to use them to your advantage however is the key to success full animation. These help to give you the illusion of life.
Anticipation, and squash and stretch in a strange way see to defy logic and maintain it. Because we expect to see actions having equal and opposite reaction and we know that objects don't loose mass so
it seems intuitive to have build-up to action and for objects to squash and stretch becoming larger in one dimension as they shrink in another. However from an animating point of view it feels like it defies logic creating unnatural shapes and positions in order to create a more appealing appearence. However I would expect it to become a simple habit to include these after you've been in the industry some time.
Staging, timing and straight ahead and pose to pose are all basically about how you choose to make your animation appear and all reflect the important idea of planning ahead.
Solid drawing skills and appealing animations are obvious advantages, discovering how to make animations more appealing can just be a simple matter of research and awareness of things like the Uncanny Valley.
Exaggeration is used to as a method to make things more appealing, it also ties into anticipation and squash and stretch, if animations were only as interesting as real life then we wouldn't watch them, they also already have the problem of being separated from us and so in order to have a strong impact they need to be exaggerated, this effects content and visual style.
Arcs, and Slow in and slow out are ways of making an animation appear more appealing.
Secondary Action - A drama teacher of mine used to tell a story of a play he was in once. While the main love interest had some important dialog on the front stage, he was told to keep himself busy in the background. The director didn't tell him what he wanted him to do, so he decided that his character had found a piece of string and was playing with it. He thought everything had gone fine until the director came shouting at him during the intercession. Apparently the audience had been completely distracted during the scene by him and his piece of string and that they were all talking about it and the possible meaning and metaphor, the significance of the string, he had accidently been too interesting when he intended on simply been fiddling and keeping busy. The director wanted to add another dimension to the scene to make it more dynamic, similarly we can do this in our animations. But we should always remember that the purpose of it should be to enhance, not take away from the shot, that it should complement and add making for a more interesting piece of animation.
Principles of Web Design
PRINCIPLES OF WEB DESIGN, Sixth Edition, guides readers through the entire web site design process, while developing and enhancing HTML, CSS, and visual design skills along the way. Now updated to include designing web content for smartphones and tablets, this Sixth...
This image puts Emphasis through contrast, scale, and weight, thoroughly dominating the image. this was found on wannatrythatagain.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/dominance.jpg
