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Origin: Sailor Moon
Cosplayer: Diana Saenz
Photographer: vato915
Event: El Paso International Sailor Moon Day 2015 at Border City Comic Con
Skellingthorpe a village in North Kesteven, Lincolnshire.
The origins of the village are unclear, but there does not appear to have been any permanent settlement here before the Roman period. The Romans passed through what is now Skellingthorpe during the building of the Foss Dyke canal around AD 120. One find from that period is a Roman bowl, and an image of that bowl now features on the village sign. The village was most likely settled by the Danes, probably in the late 9th century, and the origins of the village name suggest a marsh held by a man named Sceld.
At the time of the Domesday Book, the manor was claimed by both the Abbey of Westminster (i.e. Westminster Abbey in London) and by one Baldwin the Fleming. The Domesday adjudicators decided in favour of the Abbot of Westminster. There was a church here by 1225, and in 1258 the queen's physician was granted the living of Skellingthorpe church.
In 1290 Queen Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I, died at Harby, Nottinghamshire just 3 miles west of Skellingthorpe. The queen's funeral cortege passed around or through the village on its way to Lincoln and thence to burial in London. Curiously, the manor became derelict in the late 14th century and was granted to the Spital Charity, who rented it out. The charity still owned property in the village as late as the 19th century.
In 1693 the lord of the manor, Henry Stone, died without an heir and left the manor to Christ's Hospital in London. The governors of Christ's Hospital were suitably grateful for the gift, and they erected a large altar tomb to Henry Stone in the graveyard of St Lawrence church. They also built a school, cottages, and a pub on the land given by Stone.
Just outside Skellingthorpe is Old Wood, an area of ancient woodland managed by the Woodland Trust. Old Wood is full of native oak, conifers, hazel, and lime trees, and is a sight to behold in early spring when the forest floor is lush with lily-of-the-valley and bluebells. Access to the woodland is by way of a trail along a cycle track by the old rail line from the car park by Skellingthorpe Community Centre.
Information Source:
Screw Auger Falls, slow shutter, handheld. HDR from 3 exposures.
Graton Notch State Park.
Memorial Day, 2008. Through my eyes.
Indifferent when deep scanned. Predominated by Turks and Berbers.
Modern % population:
Turkish_Northwest:2200.0:22 = 100.0%
Turkish_Southwest:2059.9:22 = 93.6%
Turkish_South:2040.1:22 = 92.7%
Turkish_North:2000.0:22 = 90.9%
Turkish_Central:1800.0:22 = 81.8%
Turkish_Adana:1700.0:22 = 77.3%
Turkish_Istanbul:1600.0:22 = 72.7%
Turkish_Kayseri:1500.0:22 = 68.2%
Azerbaijani_Tabriz:1355.7:22 = 61.6%
Azerbaijani_Tehran:1255.2:22 = 57.1%
Azerbaijani_AZE:1213.5:22 = 55.2%
Kumyk_Türk:1191.1:22 = 54.1%
Azerbaijani_Zanjan:1107.7:22 = 50.4%
Azerbaijani_Dagestan:1048.6:22 = 47.7%
Turkish_Rumeli: 849.4:22 = 38.6%
Kurd_Syria: 755.5:22 = 34.3%
Turkish_East: 743.5:22 = 33.8%
Karachay: 726.6:22 = 33.0%
Circassian: 628.8:22 = 28.6%
Persian_Tehran: 584.8:22 = 26.6%
Kurd_Kermanshah: 484.0:22 = 22.0%
Balkar: 465.9:22 = 21.2%
Turkish_Deliorman: 418.9:22 = 19.0%
Abazgi: 412.9:22 = 18.8%
Qashqai_Isfahan: 338.4:22 = 15.4%
Persian_Fars: 176.3:22 = 8.0%
Qashqai_Fars: 176.0:22 = 8.0%
Qashqai_Shiraz: 173.7:22 = 7.9%
Zaza_Tunceli: 148.1:22 = 6.7%
North_Ossetian: 132.1:22 = 6.0%
Kurd_Ezid: 89.1:22 = 4.1%
Talysh_AZE: 88.4:22 = 4.0%
Ingushian: 87.1:22 = 4.0%
Persian_Khorasan: 46.8:22 = 2.1%
Kurd_Kordestan: 46.7:22 = 2.1%
Lori: 46.3:22 = 2.1%
Kurd_Turkey: 45.7:22 = 2.1%
Ossetian: 41.2:22 = 1.9%
Kurd_Urmia: 39.6:22 = 1.8%
more at: web.archive.org/web/20220412001818/https://commons.wikime...
This is a response to Manuela Fetahović's photo "Renewal"
www.flickr.com/photos/199291197@N06/53623953565/in/pool-1...
I kind of felt this vibe of self-reflection when I looked at Manuela's photo and then I made this connection to how I would contemplate on life, so I'd listen to the waves crash on the rocks, seagulls yelling, wind blowing, etc. So, this is my response.
Origin: Star Wars
Revan cosplayer:
Zannah cosplayer
Photographer: vato915
Event: Las Cruces Anime Days 2016
Vauxhall 5hp (190
23) Engine 983cc 5 HP Single Cylinder
Country of Origin Englend
Registration Number BS 8213
2019 London-Brighton Number 157
Body
Entrant Andrew Boddy
Pilote Andrew Boddy
VAUXHALL SET
www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/sets/72157623863172810...
BS 8213 is the second oldest surviving Vauxhall in the World and only the 45th to be built.in Vauxhalls first year of manufacture in 1903. Known simply as the 5hp, it is a rare four seater with passengers sitting over the engine, in front of the driver. Vauxhall Heritage purchased and restored the car, registered BS8213, 20 years ago. Originally bought for £154 3s 3d by a Scottish shipbuilder, 5hp has a water-cooled 983cc engine powering its rear wheels through an epicyclic gearbox and chain drive. Top speed is 20mph and fuel consumption around 38mpg.
Diolch am 78,855,822 o olygfeydd anhygoel, mae pob un yn cael ei werthfawrogi'n fawr.
Thanks for 78,855,822 amazing views, every one is greatly appreciated.
Shot 03.11.2019 Redhill, Surrey 144-143
The Sacred Area Of Largo Argentina In Rome, Italy August 2020
LARGO DI TORRE ARGENTINA: ORIGIN OF THE NAME
The square's name has nothing to do with the South American country, but refers instead to the Argentina Tower, so named by Johannes Burckardt, high prelate born in Strasbourg (Argentoratum in latin) who from 1483 was master of ceremonies of five popes, Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alessandro VI Borgia, Pius III and Julius II.
Burckardt purchased a soil next to the remains of the Theater of Pompey (Via del Sudario 44) and there he built his own palace incorporating the tower. The building, italianized as Casa del Burcardo, after 1730 was in part reused to build the Theater Argentina while the tower after which the square was named, was almost completely destroyed in the XIX century.
Attention! Torre Argentina must not be confused with the tower that can be nowadays seen close to the ruins. That one is in fact the Torre del Papito, whose origin is not certain: some believe that it comes from antipope Anacletus II Pierleoni (1132-1138), nicknamed "Papetto" for his low height, other reckon the name Papito comes from Papareschi family that had it built in the 14th century.
Today, Casa del Burcardo houses the Theatre Museum SIAE, where are kept masks of the Greek, Latin and Italian theatre, eighteenth- and nineteenth-century marionettes, publishings, manifestos, pictures and costumes of famous actors.
THE RUINS OF THE SACRED AREA OF LARGO ARGENTINA
The Sacred Area in Largo di Torre Argentina in Rome is an open air square excavation dting back to the Republican age, between the 3rd century BD and the 4th century AD. Watching these ruins, you can admire the remains of four temples:
Temple A, built in honor of Iuno Curritis, that is Juturna, a Water Nymph, around mid 3rd century BC and rebuilt in the 1st century.
Temple B, in honor to Aedes Fortunae Huiusce Diei, that is, the Temple of the Fortune of This Day, built in late 2nd century BC.
Temple C, dedicated to Feronia, ancient Italic goddess of fertility and Protector of forests, harvests and grain, built between the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd century BC.
Temple D, sanctuary built in early 2nd century BC in honor to the Larum Permarinum, that is the Lares, guardian deities who protected seafarers.
Within the archeological complex, behind Temples B and C, you can see a big tuff base, formerly part of Pompey's Curia, that is, Roman Senate, where during the session of the Ides of March, on the 15 March 44 BC., Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
THE CATS IN TORRE ARGENTINA
While you explore the Sacred Area you cannot help but notice the presence of friends with four paws perched here and there among the ruins!
The excavations of Torre Argentina, in fact, are very well-known thanks to the efforts of an association that is responsible for feeding and taking care of them.
It is hardly surprising, since the love of Romans for cats dates back to a long time! The cat, in fact, in addition to being a companion of life was also considered a sacred animal.
Cult of cats got to Rome from ancient Egypt, passing through Greece. The Egyptians, in fact, venerated Bastet, the goddess from feline appearance, while for the Greeks it was goddess Artemis, also protector of pregnant women and children and Lady of the animals.
The introduction in the Roman Empire of the cult of Bastet, later identified with the goddess Isis, strengthened in Romans the cult of the cat.
In Via della Gatta, still today you can admire on a cornice of Palazzo Grazioli, the small marble statue of the cat that in the past was in the interior of the Temple of Serapis. Today in its place is the Church of Santo Stefano del Cacco, in the Pigna neighbourhood.
CURIOSITIES: In the 20th century cats of Rome were fed at the expense of the City Council with rations of tripe. Later, though, the lack of resources forced to budget cuts, and hence was coined the saying "Non c’è trippa per gatti" (literally: "There's no tripe for cats", an Italian saying close in meaning to "There's not a snowball's chance in Hell").
Dinner started with a flight of seven snacks, aka one item from each of the contributing chefs.
From LtoR:
Chulpes, Andean corn nuts with chicharron and garlic from Steve Gonzalez.
Tamworth Neck, wild mustard + pumpernickel + pickled butter by Matt Blondin.
David Haman’s contribution: Black walnut gougere/gruyere/balconville vinegar/cocoa.
Appetizer from Andrew Wilson: Cured Ocean Trout, pickled mustard, sorrel, crème-fraiche.
Ben Heaton’s hors d'oeuvre: Mackerel, cucumber, mussel, horseradish.
Jonathan Poon’s Raw Gaspé shrimp with smoked Sichuan peppercorn oil.
Claudio Aprile made a canapé of Puffed lobster cracker + finger limes + herbs + flowers.
O mamoeiro papaia é uma pequena árvore, muito encontrada nos pomares do norte, que pode atingir até 8 metros, originária da Amazônia, comumente encontrada vegetando naturalmente nas proximidades das residências.
Seu caule é herbáceo, frágil, cilíndrico, reto, verde e contém um látex leitoso.
Suas folhas são grandes, recortadas, largas, alternas, nascendo apenas uma em cada nó com pecíolos compridos e verdes claros.
O mamoeiro papaia pode nascer de três formas sexuais distintas:
Planta feminina (Ginóica): possui só flores femininas e produz frutos maiores, arredondados e com grande cavidade interna.
Planta masculina (Andróica): que normalmente possui só flores masculinas e não produz frutos, mas que em alguns indivíduos pode apresentar pequenas flores hermafroditas que dão origem ao mamão macho ou mamão corda, um tipo fino e comprido.
Planta que apresenta só flores hermafroditas (Andromonóica) e produz frutos alongados, de maior valor comercial, pois tem formato piriforme ou cilíndrico e pequena cavidade interna.
A flores do mamoeiro são brancas apresentam 5 pétalas e o centro alaranjado. Mudam de formato dependendo do sexo:
As flores masculinas localizam-se na parte superior da planta em inflorescência do tipo panícula.
As flores femininas são grandes, possuem as pétalas livres, inserem-se diretamente no caule, nas axilas foliares, em número de 2 ou 3.
As flores hermafroditas são alongadas, possuem as pétalas soldadas da base até a metade do seu comprimento e são autofecundáveis com polinização feita pelo vento.
O mamão papaia é uma baga de casca fina verde que muda para alaranjado quando maduro. É pequeno, pesando cerca de 300 gramas. A polpa madura é espessa, alaranjada, macia, muito doce e saborosa. Possui uma cavidade oca, onde encontram-se aderidas muitas sementes negras, pequenas, redondas e rugosas.
No norte, o mamão papaia é a variedade plantada em larga escala e vendida para exportação e para o abastecimento interno, devido apresentar o sabor, sempre doce, e pelo seu tamanho ser o ideal para o consumo individual.
Na Amazônia, o mamão é consumido “in natura” ou na utilização de batidas com leite, saladas de fruta e sorvetes.
CARICACEAE – Carica papaya
In Tarek Khalifa’s animations, the figures speak with their whole bodies. Their expressive lips, eyebrows, pupils, arms of various length and rebellious hair are all absolutely dazzling. The young man and woman wiggle and dance, drool and headbang—their energy is superbly suited to this up-tempo song. With great gusto, they love, lust and rub minds. Love doesn’t necessarily make people more
beautiful, but definitely more alive! No question about it: this work—so wonderfully unique, confi-
dent in style, and spiked with black humor—deserves a place in the top 15.
Credit. Tarek Khalifa
Rosaceae - Shanxi Province, China origin of plant above
Syn. Potentilla fruticosa var. veitchii
Shrubby Cinquefoil
Shown: Foliage on seedling plant
"Dasiphora is a genus of three species of shrubs in the rose family Rosaceae, native to Asia, with one species D. fruticosa (Shrubby Cinquefoil), with a circumpolar range across the entire cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. In the past, the genus was normally included in Potentilla as Potentilla sect. Rhopalostylae, but genetic evidence has shown it to be distinct...
"The leaves are divided into five (occasionally three or seven) leaflets arranged pinnately, whence the name cinquefoil (French, cinque feuilles, "five leaves")." (Wikipedia)
Additional view:
farm5.static.flickr.com/4062/4668432407_b0568b7bc1_b.jpg
Photographed in U.C. Botanical Garden at Berkeley - Berkeley, California
Green Mantella
Nomenclature: Mantella viridis
IUCN Red List: Endangered
Country of Origin: Top-Northern Madagascar.
Information: This species is 1 of 16 species in the Mantella genus all of which use Aposematism as a defence mechanism. Aposematism basically derives from the Greek words that mean "Warning Colours" a defence which has made another family of frogs famous, the Dendrobatidae family (Poison Dart Frogs). Like the rest of the Mantella genus, it is completely terrestrial and is not a fantastic swimmer, but will be found in and around swampy areas where it will also remain to breed. It's a shy member of the genus, unlike some Mantella species that are more bold and will venture out into the open.
It is one of the most endangered out of the entire genus and can only be found in a few select places in Top-Northern Madagascar, in the Fôret d’Ambre Special Reserve, Montagne des Français, Antogombato, Andranotsymaty, Antsahampano, Ivovona, Anjiabe, Andoajampoana, Mangoaka, Antsiranana, Ankitsakalaninaombi, Daraina, Mahavavona, Joffreville, Francom and the island of Nosy Hara. It is one of the rarest and most at risk of extinction and one of the least kept species in the genus.
© 2013 - Josh Ralph (These are copyrighted photographs, please ask permission before using)
And you placed Alisa inside of you. you never even asked me. What do you think is going to happen to you, CIA Whore and MURDERER Jami Rose?
Still creating that "natural order" and ordinance of time of yours on a daily monthly weekly yearly basis and killing people in time, CIA Whore and MURDERER Jami Rose? :)
how much longer do you think before it ends up, on *your* end :)
you set up the channel without even asking me jami, and then you did what you wanted to, in 2005 and 2006. you chose murder jami, you chose
who supported you jami.. and why did you accept $$,$$$ to contain 176 at 1831 salecdo/guyaso, and let those people die.. without even asking
me, if you could could create that channel, if you contain me. you chose jami. you chose murder. who supported you?
your CIA Whore Jami Rose MURDERED all of those people, DESTROYED all of those lives, what should her punishment be?
CIA Whore and MURDERER, Jami Rose. her photo, right here :)
www.flickr.com/photos/89268704@N08/8123854555/in/photostream
JamiRoseCIAWhore
jami rose cia whore all those people that she killed all that damage that she caused
JamiRoseCIAWhore
jami rose cia whore all those people that she killed all that damage that she caused
1)hurricane katrina
2)bp oil spill
3)japan tsunami
and many others in time.
raped. robed. murdered. dismembered.
never punished for her crimes
born on april 4 1980.
here you go :)
by entering in her information from date of birth here:
www.timeanddate.com/date/duration.html
you can monitor her information that is used by the world markets on a daily basis, not only that, but control for what is in numerical belief, thru out the us and the rest of the world.
She creates a natural order in time with her existance and by her date of birth, on a daily basis, weekly basis, yearly basis and in forward motion time placement. :)
Its also an Ordinance in time,
(but she's KILLING people in time. THOUSANDS of people,
and *thats* accepted. :) not anymore, huh, CIA Whore and MURDERER Jami Rose. :) not anymore :)
also,
www.timeanddate.com/date/durationresult.html?m1=01&d1...
(The stasis of origin should show in the above link, like what is just listed below. why not tell people? :)
From and including: Saturday, January 1, 0001 (Julian calendar)
To, but not including : Friday, April 4, 1980 (Gregorian calendar)
It is 722,910 days from the start date to the end date, but not including the end date
Or 1979 years, 3 months, 3 days excluding the end date
Note:The From date is a Julian calendar date. The current Gregorian calendar was adopted in United States where Thursday, September 3, 1752 was the first of 11 days that were skipped. This has been accounted for in this calculation. Read more about the Julian and Gregorian calendars
Alternative time units
722,910 days can be converted to one of these units:
62,459,424,000 seconds
1,040,990,400 minutes
17,349,840 hours
103,272 weeks (rounded down)
if you need a little help to her "stasis of orgin" here you go. if you're not smart enough to know what a birthday does in time, its an active measure for which you create throught your life span. there, i said it. don't like that intelligent secret? millions people living, and not knowing that. how could anyone not know? :)
and all those people she killed. never punished
thomas warn varnas will make sure that happens, won't he?
you attempted two murders on his life at 143 Rue Esplanade and Villa Du Lac,
by channeling his dreams with tenants and parking cars outside of his residence, capturing him..
how does it feel now Jami, to know the same is happening
to you :)
:)
there you go :)
btw, did i channel her ill will and associations unknowingly, and did it kill alisa ferraro and paul gagnon in time, to?
to me, that warrants enough to blow her head off.
sorry. but thats the way i feel, at the moment
~peace
thomas :) (not smiling)
Artista: Origin
Evento: Summer Breeze Festival
Fotografo: Emanuela Giurano
Data: 20 agosto 2010
Città: Dinkelsbuhl - Germania
Cropredy has ancient origins, a chapel in the church is dedicated to St Fremund, an anglo-saxon saint thought to be the son of King Offa. It's name combines the Old English croppe or hill and ridig, a small stream. The village is only a few miles from Banbury, in hilly country along the banks of the River Cherwell. Before the Dissolution of the Monasteries Cropredy belonged the Bishop of Lincoln. More recently Brasenose College, Oxford, has become a significant landlord giving it's name to the local pub.
Dramatic changes to centuries of agrarian life were heralded by the excavation of the Oxford canal which runs alongside the Cherwell south-east of the church. This busy waterway was superseded by the Great Western railway, the village even had it's own station until 1956.
Unusually Cropredy retains the ringing of the curfew bell, in Medieval times this was a signal to return home and 'cover their fires'. Roger Lupton local priest between 1487 and 1528 was so lost in dense fog that he could only find his way from nearby Chacombe by the ringing of Cropredy's bells. He founded a fund in gratitude which paid for the daily winding of the clock and tolling the bell morning, noon and night. The bell is still rung Tuesday and Thursday nights for five minutes after eight O'clock.
The village is best known for the Civil War 'Battle of Cropredy Bridge'. A rare Royalist victory at a time when the Parliamentary forces were in the ascendancy. In June 1644 the King slipped out of Oxford to avoid two Roundhead armies which were rapidly approaching. At this point the Earl of Essex chose to lead his army south and relieve the siege of Lyme Regis leaving Sir William Waller to pursue the King with half of the men. Waller shadowed the Royal army to Worcester only for the King to double back towards Banbury where the Parliamentary commander saw an opportunity to split the Royal forces which were strung out along the Daventry road. Waller's artillery crossed Cropredy bridge but were too far ahead of the infantry and were overrun. Fierce fighting followed but neither side achieved a significant advantage and a chance of capturing the King was lost. As children we were told stories of a phantom drummer boy.
Cropredy's most prominent claim to fame is their music festival founded when Fairport Convention played the village fete in 1976. Cropredy Music Festival grew from these modest beginnings and now attracts over 20,000 music fans every year.
St. Mary the Virgin is an impressive building constructed from the local rust-coloured ironstone. While part of the wall of the south aisle has been dated to c1050 the present church begins in the 13th century with significant 14th and 15th century additions. The south wall has two tomb recesses thought to be built for Simon de Cropredy and his son c1200. The church has an interesting 13th century parish chest and the chapel dedicated to the anglo-saxon saint Fremund has two 15th century screens, one of which has the initials AD which may stand for Alice Danvers. The nave arcading, tower and choir arches are Perpendicular in style with no capitals and continuous moulding from ground level. The tower is early 15th century with the belfry and parapets added 80 years later, There are eight bells, six from the late 17th century, two added in 2007 called Fairport and Villager. Fragments of a Doom survive above the chancel arch. The church has a 17th century pulpit and a rare pre-reformation eagle lectern which is said to have been hidden in the river before the Battle of Cropredy where it lost one of it's lion feet. The beak has a slot for collecting 'Peter's Pence'. There is a beautiful 15th century head of the Virgin Mary in stained glass which was found in the churchyard. There are two fonts, one Norman and one Victorian. In the tower is a magnificent clock by John Moore of Clerkenwell dated 1831.
Cropredy is just off the Daventry road a few miles from Banbury about an hour from Stratford-upon-Avon.
Cameron Smith is tackled by New South Wales players during the second State of Origin game at Suncorp Stadium.
Photo: Claudia Baxter Queensland Times
Le kitesurf ou planche volante ou planche aérotractée3 est un sport de glisse consistant à évoluer avec une planche à la surface d'une étendue d'eau en étant tracté par un cerf-volant (kite en anglais) spécialement adapté nommé aile ou voile.
Le kitesurfeur accroché à l'aile par son harnais pilote à l'aide d'une barre où sont reliées les lignes de traction. Il est soumis dans son mode de déplacement aux lois physiques de la navigation à voile.
La planche peut être inspirée du wakeboard, symétrique, sans avant ou arrière définis, ou proche d'un surf de taille réduite.
Le kitesurf (Flysurf à l'origine) a été imaginé par plusieurs inventeurs dès les années 1960.
À la suite d'un travail d'expérimentation pour améliorer la voile, les frères Quimperois Dominique et Bruno Legaignoux déposent le brevet de l'aile courbe à structure gonflable le 16 novembre 1984.
En 1992, Laurent Ness (champion de France 1997 de char à cerf-volant) se fait tracter par un cerf-volant delta sur une planche de funboard à La Grande Motte. Bill et Cory Roeseler inventent le Kiteski, ski nautique tracté par cerf-volant, qu'ils commercialisent en 19945.
Les Legaignoux créent la société Wipika en 1993 pour commercialiser un petit bateau gonflable accompagné d'une aile de traction. Ils l'arrêtent en 1995 mais Emmanuel Bertin teste leurs voiles à Maui avec Laird Hamilton. En février 1997, il fait la une de Wind Magazine, magazine de planche à voile tiré à 70 000 exemplaires, sur les vagues de Hawaï. Raphaël Salles utilise des petites planche de funboard en 1998-1999 avec la mise au point de Laurent Ness, puis Franz Olry a fait progresser les twin-tip qui ont démocratisé l'usage du sport6.
Les Legaignoux lancent Wipika en juin 1997 pour commercialiser des barres de traction et ailes produites par NeilPryde parapente en France, fabrication transférée en 1998 chez Lam Sails, fabricant de parapente en Chine. Une licence est accordée à Naish en 1999, NeilPryde en 2000 puis Slingshot, Ricci et Bic avec Takoon en 2003. Les ventes d'ailes sont passées de 100 exemplaires en 1997 à 500 en 1998, 2 000 en 1999, 6 000 en 2000, 15 000 en 2001, environ 100 000 en 2010. Il y a 30 pratiquants en 1996 mais le nombre d'élèves passe de 500 en 1998 à 4 000 en 2001. Le premier championnat international a lieu en 2000 et le premier français, de freestyle, a lieu en 2001. Il y avait 12 000 pratiquants en France en 20106, 13000 licenciés en 2011 et entre 25000 et 30000 kitesurfers en France2.
En 1998, la Fédération française de vol libre créée la formation de moniteur : il y en a 258 en 2010 dont depuis 2003 155 ayant un BPJEPS, Brevet d’État. En 2002, la Fédération française de voile envisage l'intégration du kitesurf mais le ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports délègue la gestion du sport à la FFVL le 3 janvier 2003. En novembre 2001, L’International Kiteboarding Organisation est issu du Wipika School Network établi en 1999. Lors du développement de 2000 à 2003, quelques accidents mortels incitent la FFVL à établir une norme pour les sécurités publiée par l'Afnor en 2005 : un largueur de barre qui neutralise l'aile puis un second largueur de voile en cas extrême. Les ailes continuent à s'améliorer de 2003 à 2009 : en 2005, l’aile de type bow permet une traction plus équilibrée6. En 2008, Bruno Sroka a été le premier et le seul homme à avoir traversé le Cap Horn sur une distance de 100 miles nautiques (186 km). Il a navigué dans des conditions extrêmes de navigation pendant 9 h sans arrêter.
Des sports comparables utilisent des cerf-volants de traction avec d'autres véhicules : sur l'eau avec des embarcations plus importantes comme des canoës kayak ou des catamarans, sur neige avec le snowkite, sur terre avec un mountainboard, avec un petit char à cerf-volant où l'on est assis ou encore avec des patins à roulettes équipés de pneumatiques. Après avoir été annoncé en régate homme et femme en remplacement du windsurf pour les Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016 à Rio de Janeiro par la fédération internationale de voile le 5 mai 20127, le kitesurf a été abandonnée au profit de la planche à voile RS:X.
L'aile, comparable à une voile, fournit la traction nécessaire au déplacement. Les ailes habituelles ont une surface à plat située entre 5 m² pour les conditions de vent fort et jusqu'à 20 m² pour les vents légers. Deux grands types d'ailes sont utilisés :
les ailes à boudins gonflables où une structure est gonflée à l'aide d'une pompe, qui maintient le profil de l'aile et lui permet de redécoller de l'eau ; il en existe deux principaux types avec des hybrides entre elles :
en forme d'arche (ou C-shape) : le bord d'attaque en demi-cercle est tenu à ses deux extrémités par les lignes avant. Elles sont surtout utilisées pour le wakestyle par des pratiquants expérimentés, elles conservent de la puissance même barre choquée.
les ailes dont leur bord d'attaque est maintenu par un bridage (SLE, supported leading edge) (ailes plates, delta). Il est possible de plus varier leur angle d'attaque, et elles offrent donc une plage de vent plus importante, en plus de bénéficier d'un redécollage facilité : elles sont plus accessibles pour les débutants mais restent performantes pour la plupart des pratiques et sont les plus utilisées.
les ailes à caissons, aux profils souples issus du parapente : les caissons de l'aile sont gonflés par le vent relatif. Sans gonflage préalable, elles sont plus rapides à gréer. Moins cintrées que les ailes à boudins elles ont une surface projetée plus importante, elles sont donc plus petites à traction équivalente. Davantage utilisées pour la traction terrestre, il y a des ailes à caissons marines permettant le redécollage sur l'eau avec des clapets (caissons fermés) ou sont des twin skin qui se gonflent grâce à une fermeture qui laisse entrer l'air.
Lignes et barre
aile à boudin dans les airs
Les lignes sont généralement en dyneema / spectra, offrant une résistance très forte pour un faible poids et épaisseur (résistance d'environ 300 kg par ligne), ainsi que très peu d'élasticité. Les lignes avant transmettent la traction au harnais du kitesurfeur à travers une barre sur laquelle sont fixés les lignes arrière permettant de diriger l'aile et d'en moduler la puissance en jouant sur l'incidence.
La longueur des avants est fixe, alors que celle des arrières est modulé en cours de navigation en tirant ou poussant la barre : augmenter ou diminuer la puissance de traction de l'aile est l'équivalent du border-choquer - il suffit de lâcher la barre pour réduire instantanément la traction. L'incidence de l'aile est déterminée par la différence de longueur des lignes avants et arrières : la puissance de l'aile est augmentée lorsqu'on raccourcit les arrière ou qu'on allonge les avants, ou est diminuée à l'inverse lorsqu'on raccourcit les avants ou qu'on allonge les arrières. Raccourcir ou allonger les avants autant que les arrières ne modifie pas la puissance. Les avants sont raccordés à un trim afin de régler la puissance à un niveau confortable.
Les arrières sont fixés avec un écartement d'environ 50 cm sur la barre, moins si l'aile est petite et demande des débattements moins importants. Certaines ailes ont une 5e ligne au milieu du bord d'attaque facilitant un redécollage sans ça plus délicat qu'avec d'autres ailes. Le système de sécurité permet, en cas d'urgence, d'annuler la puissance de l'aile en libérant le harnais, puis en dernier ressort de se désolidariser de l'aile : l'aile sans contrôle présente un danger pour les personnes sous son vent.
Planche
Planche Twin-tip
année 2014 type twin-tip face supérieur
Les différents grabs : en moutarde la main arrière, en vert la main avant.
Deux familles de planches sont distinguées : directionnelles c'est-à-dire possédant un sens de navigation avec proue et poupe, et bidirectionnelles ou symétrique pouvant naviguer aussi bien dans un sens que dans l'autre et simplifiant la manœuvre de virement de bord.
Les planches directionnelles on un sens de navigation. Elles possèdent un avant et un arrière. Lors de la navigation sur babord, le pied gauche du kitesurfeur est à l'avant de la planche, sur tribord, c'est le pied droit. Ce changement d'appuis et de position des pieds représente une difficulté lors de la manœuvre de virement de bord. Ils existent 3 types de planches directionnelles:
Les surfs souvent utilisés dans les vagues
Les planches de longue distance, qui ressemblent fortement à des surfs mais avec un très gros volume et une grande flottabilité
Les planches de vitesse, fine et effilée, elle permettent d'atteindre des vitesses très élevées.
Les planches bidirectionnelles, couramment appelées twin-tips (ou TT) sont symétriques. Elles peuvent naviguer dans les deux sens. Arrivé en fin de bord le pratiquant repart sur l'autre bord en inversant le sens de marche de la planche et en conservant la position des pieds sur la planche, le pied avant devenant pied arrière. Outre une simplification de la manœuvre de virement de bord, ces planches permettent l'usage de fixations chaussantes.
Le choix de la planche dépend de la pratique visée.
Un troisième type de planche un peu particulier, est utilisé depuis quelques années (2014). Il s'agit du foil. Le foil n'est pas une planche à proprement parler. Il s'agit d'une planche sous laquelle est fixé un mat au bout duquel est fixé une "aile". Lorsque le kitesurfeur prend de la vitesse, l'aile crée une portance et maintient la planche hors de l'eau. Ce système permet un frottement minimum de la planche avec l'eau et il est possible de naviguer avec très peu de vent.
Harnais
Le harnais transmet la majeure partie de la traction de l'aile au corps du pratiquant, ce qui lui permet de naviguer durablement sans avoir à la retenir par les bras. Il est systématique, semblable au harnais de planche à voile qui n'est pas impératif. Il y en a deux types :
harnais ceinture (ou dorsal) : il est placé dans le creux du dos, entre le bassin et les côtes, et permet une liberté de mouvement plus importante ;
harnais culotte : semblable à un baudrier d'escalade, celui-ci maintient le fessier, il permet de mieux reposer son poids contre la traction de l'aile et est conseillé aux débutants, et peut éviter les maux de dos.
Sécurité
Il est fortement recommandé à toute personne qui désire s'initier au kitesurf de le faire par l'intermédiaire d'une école. Des règles de sécurité essentielles, comme l'anticipation, sont à respecter pour éviter des accidents graves, voire mortels. En effet, une utilisation inadéquate du matériel de kitesurf peut rendre ce sport extrêmement dangereux, autant pour l'utilisateur que pour son environnement. Au cours de son stage d'initiation qui dure en moyenne une semaine, le débutant apprendra les règles de sécurité de base, comment décoller son aile, comment faire ses premiers bords, comment faire redécoller son aile si celle-ci vient à tomber dans l'eau, et tout ce qui sera nécessaire à une pratique du kitesurf en toute sécurité.
À la suite de plusieurs accidents mortels, la France a décidé sur l'initiative de la DGCCRF (répression des fraudes) en 2003 de créer une norme pour le matériel. Une commission a été constituée par l'Afnor en juillet 2003, regroupant les fédérations sportives concernées (la Fédération française de vol libre, la Fédération française de parachutisme, l'École nationale de ski et d'alpinisme), des responsables de la DGCCRF et du ministère de la Jeunesse et des sports, la Fédération des industries nautiques et des fabricants de matériels et d’accessoires de sécurité.
Parmi les solutions retenues, citons :
la planche ne doit pas être reliée au surfeur par un leash pour éviter un retour de planche. En effet en cas de saut raté, la planche peut venir heurter le visage du surfeur si elle est reliée par un leash.
la possibilité d'annuler d'urgence la traction (en cas de rafale de vent ou d'approche d'une zone dangereuse), tout en restant relié à l'aile (pour éviter que l'aile ne cause un dommage en s'envolant) ;
la possibilité de détacher l'aile en dernière extrémité.
modifications du cadre de pratique des planches aérotractées (kitesurf)8
L'amélioration du niveau moyen de pratique et l'apparition d'un matériel plus sûr dans un avenir proche permettront au kitesurf de poursuivre son développement dans les meilleures conditions. De plus en plus, les kitesurfs se font dans des matériaux composites de meilleures qualités. Mais cela s'améliore beaucoup avec la technicité et la sécurité proposé par les derniers modèles, notamment les ailes plates, et leur capacité à limiter grandement la puissance de l'aile en lâchant la barre. Le kitesurf fait partie des sports extrêmes et reste donc une pratique à risques, avec 7 décès en France en 2011 : 6 en dehors de la fédération et 1 parmi les 25764 licenciés9.
Types
5e ligne : dans le cas des ailes en C-Shape et hybrides : en plus des quatre lignes de contrôle de l'aile, une cinquième ligne (corde) est reliée au bord d'attaque de l'aile. Ainsi, si le kitesurfer se sent en danger, il lui suffit de larguer son système de sécurité. L'aile n'est alors plus tenue que par le bord d'attaque via la cinquième ligne : elle se met alors en "drapeau" et exerce ainsi beaucoup moins de traction (voire plus du tout) et tombe rapidement vers l'eau ou le sol.
Cette 5e ligne sert aussi à décoller ou poser une aile seul, et facilement, en tirant sur la 5e ligne, l'aile se retourne et décolle ou inversement Sans 5e ligne, ces opérations se montrent délicates sur ce type d'aile
Origin: Sailor Moon
Cosplayer: Luisa Navarro
Photographer: vato915
Event: El Paso International Sailor Moon Day 2015 at Border City Comic Con
Top experts will convey their astronomical knowledge to novices, intermediate students and advanced practitioners, and elaborate on what humankind now knows about the universe. Jerry T. Bonell (US) of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center will explain the “hot universe” that is brimming with high-energy insights. Scientists of the European Southern Observatory in Chile, on the other hand, will introduce us to the “cold universe”. The visible portion of the cosmos will be explained by Dietmar Hager (AT), an astrophotographer who’s certainly the right man for this job.
credit: rubra