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1st May 2014 at the Fair Grounds Race Course (Casa do Brasil), New Orleans, USA (Tizumba & Tambor Mineiro gig).
The Viola Caipira (often just called a Viola) is a 10 string 5 course guitar. A folk instrument it can be found in many styles of Brazilian music.
Violas Caipira are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Bugle is a brass instrument which usually has no valves or other way of altering the pitch (there are some keyed bugles). It developed from the Hunting Horn and is most notably associated with military use.
This instrument was made by Lekay & Co in Lemberg (Lvov), Ukrainein 1914-24. It is sounded in C.
Bugles are assigned the number 423.121.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.12 = Tubular trumpets.
423.121 = End-blown trumpets. The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.
423.121.2 = End-blown horns. The tube is curved or folded.
423.121.22 = With mouthpiece.
24th February 2012 at King and Queen, London W1.
The Jaw Harp (or Jew’s Harp) is a lamellophone, consisting of: it consists of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. The reed is only capable of producing a single note, but the player can produce other notes by altering the shape of their mouth, mainly by using the tongue to make the sound-box larger or smaller. The instrument has no connection to Jewish culture and seems to have originated in Asia (it is common today amongst Turkic peoples) and travelled to Europe, arriving sometime around the 13th century. From there it spread to other parts of the world.
Jaw Harps are assigned the number 121.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column
12 = Plucked Idiophones. Idiophones set in vibration by being plucked.
121 = In the form of a Frame. The lamellae vibrate within a frame or hoop.
121.2 = Guimbardes and Jew’s Harps. The lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player’s mouth cavity for resonance.
21st August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Binzasara is a Japanese clapper used to accompany dengaku dances. It is related to the Chinese Pāibǎn. The instrument consists of many small wooden or bamboo thin slats, which are strung together with a long cord or wire that passes through a hole at the top of each slat. It is grasped at both ends and the slats are brought to strike one another by a quick snapping motion of the wrists.
This instrument was made around 1965.
Binzasaras are assigned the number 112.111 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.11 = Suspension Rattles. Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other.
112.111 = Strung Rattles. Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord.
14th June 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Karama gig).
The Clarinet first appeared in the start of the 18th century, and developed from a Baroque instrument called the Chalumeau. It has a single-reed mouthpiece a straight, cylindrical tube and a flared bell. There are keys, originally two and now usually 17.
The instrument commonly referred to as a Clarinet is a Soprano Clarinet, one of a range of family of differently pitched Clarinets.
Clarinets are assigned the number 422.211.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2 = Single Reed Instruments or Clarinets. The pipe has a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella.
422.21 = Single Clarinets [as opposed to sets of Clarinets].
422.211 = With cylindrical bore.
422.211.2 = With fingerholes.
29th May 2012 at National Theatre (Djanogly Concert Pitch), London SE1 (Majagua gig).
The Cuatro is a small Latin American Guitar. The instrument found in Venezuela and Colombia is different from the one bearing the same name from Puerto Rico. This Cuatro has four strings and is of a similar size of a Ukulele, though tuned lower (it has been described as a baritone Ukulele).
Cuatros are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
23rd October 2013 at the 100 Club, London W1 (North Mississippi Allstars gig).
The Slide is a hollow cylinder which goes round a finger (usually the third or fourth one of the left hand of a right handed musician) and is pressed against the strings of a Guitar. By moving it along the strings continuous transitions in pitch are achieved. The original slides were glass or “bottlenecks”, typically from a Coricidian cold remedy medicine bottle or a wine bottle. Metal slides or steels were also used to play what became known as the Steel Guitar (allegedly after experiments with a knife on Guitar strings). From around the 1970s specially manufactured slides made from both glass and metal were readily available in music shops. In the 1980s ceramic and porcelain ones were also developed.
The slide in the photo is a transparent glass one.
5th August 2012 at Exhibition Road, London SW7.
Clash Cymbals are a pair of round metal plates. They are held in each hand and struck together. They are found in Orchestras and Marching Bands. In the form of a Hi-Hat they are part of a standard drum kit.
Clash Cymbals are assigned the number 111.142 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.1 = Concussion Idiophones or clappers. Two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other.
111.14 = Concussion vessels or vessel clappers.
111.142 = Cymbals - Vessel clappers with manufactured rim.
10th June 2011 at Old Cranleighan Club, Thames Ditton, Surrey.
Banjos developed in the United States in the 18th and 19th century out of African instruments. They have four or five, or even six, strings and a circular drum-like sound box. Another important variation in banjos is whether they are open backed or have a resonator.
Open backed banjos are quieter and have a mellower tone. The strings are often higher above the finger board. This type of Banjo is used in Old Time Music. A popular style of playing for this type of banjo is Clawhammer - a downward motion hitting the strings with the thumb and one finger.
Open Backed Banjos are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
Mandocello - J. E. Dallas late 19th. cent. or early 20th. cent. Anyone with any information about these please let me know, I know nothing about this instrument and would love to know about it.
10th November 2016 at Horseshoe, London EC1 (floorspotwith Tad Rytwinski).
The Polish Gajdy is a variant of a bagpipe found across Central Europe in what are now Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Other versions include the Czech Dudy and the Bohemian Bock. It originates in the Silesian Beskid Mountain area, southeast of the town of Cieszyn, and close to the border with the Czech Republic. It has a single reed, and is bellows blown with a single drone. The goat-skin bag often has the fleece left on the outside. Both the chanter and drone are of cylindrical bore and end in bells of horn often tipped with brass or tin, angled upwards. This is to aid amplification. Usually the drone extends backwards over the player's shoulder.
Gajdys are assigned the number 422.211-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2 = Single Reed Instruments. The pipe has a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella.
422.21 = Single clarinets.
422.211 = With cylindrical bore.
422.211-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
29th March 2014 at the Royal Festival Hall (Festival Terrace), London SE1 (Display at “Pull Out All the Stops” Festival).
The Street Organ is a mechanical musical instrument played by street musicians and consisting of bellows and pipes housed in a case. The music can be encoded on wooden barrels (Barrel Organs), paper rolls or folded “books” of cardboard.
Larger versions are usually belt drive from a small engine, and adopt the “book music” format - stacks of punched cardboard sheets folded Z fashion. Organs are described as following various different key systems (referring to the small levers which rock upwards when a hole passes by and thereby open the valves of the organ) or a key-less system read by pneumatic pressure or suction. These larger organs have both Reed and Flue pipes, as well as various drum or percussive effects.
The instrument in the photo is a 65 Key Organ by Foucher-Gasparini of Paris. Originally a 57 key instrument, it has seen major modifications over the years including a new front based on an old photograph.
Street Organs with both Flue and Reed Pipes are assigned the numbers 421.222.11 and 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.11 = Without fingerholes.
and
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
Marshall amplification at Smith-Holden Music Co. The JCM 2000 is a highly respectable piece of machinery in the music world, mostly in the metal and hard-rock scene. But, Hendrix played a marshall. Stevie Ray Vaughn played Marshall. They are a very versatile amp.
21st February 2014 at King and Queen, London W1 (floorspot at Pete Coe gig).
The Banjo Ukulele (or Banjolele) has a Banjo body and a fretted Ukulele neck which was popular in the 1920s and 30s.
The instrument in the photo is an inexpensive modern version called the Firefly made by the Magic Fluke company in the United States. It is open backed and uses a Remo drumhead as the pot.
Banjo Ukuleles are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
Open Backed Banjos are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
5th December 2016 at the Yunus Emre Enstitüsü, London W1 (duo with Ourania Lampropoulou).
The Yaylı Tambur is a Turkish bowed long necked Lute. Developed in the 1950s it has the body of a Cümbüs (which was itself invented in the 1930s) and the neck of the much older Tanbur (both of these are plucked instruments) It has six strings in three courses, and is played with a Violin or Cello bow. The Yaylı Tambur is held vertically, with the soundbox resting in the player's lap.
This instrument was made by Dimitris Rapakousios of Athens, Greece.
Yayli Tanburs are assigned the number 321.312-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.311 = Spike Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
19th July 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Warmi gig).
The Seed Pod Shaker (or Semilla) is an Andean instrument made from the dried pod of the Pacay (or Pakai) tree. The sound comes from the movement of seeds against the outer shell when the pod is shaken or hit against a hand.
In the photo the Seed Pod Shaker is on the left, next to the Quenas.
Seed Pod Shakers are assigned the number 112.13 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.13 = Vessel rattle. Rattling objects enclosed in a vessel strike against each other or against the walls of the vessel, or usually against both.
6th May 2011 at the Fair Grounds Race Course (Jazz Tent), New Orleans, USA (Fleur Debris gig).
The Rhodes Piano is an electro-mechanical instrument invented by Harold Rhodes and commercially available since the 1960s. Hammers strike wires with the vibrations amplified by a pickup which are then given external amplification.
Rhodes Pianos are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
27th October 2011 at London Irish Centre (McNamara Suite), London NW1 (Lúnasa gig).
The Low Whistle is a larger varient of the standard Tin Whistle. It was developed in 1971 for Finbar Furey to a replace a broken indina bamboo Flute. They are usually made of aluminium and come in different pitches. Their main use is in Irish Traditional Music.
Low Whistles are assigned the number 421.221.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.221. = Single Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.1 = Open Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.12 = With Fingerholes.
23rd May 2012 at Guy’s Hospital (Atrium 2), London SE1 (Groanbox gig).
These “Stomp Bells” are a variety of different forms of rattles (only some of them bells) strung together and drapped over the sitting performer's upper leg. They sound as he stamps his foot. There are actually two different elements - goat hooves and small bells on a string wrapped small mirrors and seashells attached to a belt like material.
Stomp Bells are assigned the number 112.111 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.11 = Suspension Rattles. Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other
112.111 = Strung Rattles. Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord.
14th July 2013 at One New Change, London EC4 (Jive Aces gig).
The Washboard, like some other implements such as Spoons and Saws, has moved beyond its practical purpose to become a musical instrument. It consists of a rectangular wooden frame with a series of ridges against which clothing was rubbed. As an instrument the player scrapes it with thimbles, brooms or brushes. The Washboard has been used in Old Time Music, Jazz and Skiffle to provide rhythm.
Washboards are assigned the number 112.25 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.25 = Scraped boards.
25th January 2011 the Vortex, London N16 (Phil Robson & the IMS Quintet gig).
The modern Western Concert Flute is made from metal, has 16 or 17 keys, and adopts the key system devised by Theobald Boehm in Germany in 1830s. This was one of a number of changes in the 19th century that marked a break from earlier flutes such as the Baroque instrument: they were longer, had a narrower bore which was cylindrical rather than conical, and the continual addition of more keys (from the 8 common in the Romatic era to 12 by the end of the century).
The Concert Flute consists of a family of instruments which range in pitch from the highest the Piccolo to the lowest the Hyperbass.
Gareth Lockrane’s set of instruments includes the standard Concert Flute as well as Alto and Piccolo versions.
Western Concert Flutes are assigned the number 421.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.12 = Side-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube.
421.121 = Single Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.1 = Open Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.12 = With Fingerholes.
18th May 2016 at Royal Academy of Music Museum (String Gallery), London NW1.
The Viola, like the other members of the Violin family, developed first in 16th century Italy. They are usually one to four inches longer than a Violin, and are normally tuned one fifth below.
This instrument was made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona in 1696. He made relatively few violas (only ten complete instruments still exist). In common with most Stradivari violas the head has been fashioned with a cello-type pegbox. There have been ome changes to the original, a modern neck has been added and the ribs have been reduced in size. This Viola is known as the "Archinto" as it was owned by Count Archinto of Milan in the 19th century.
Violas are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
Angklung is a musical instrument made from bamboo. The picture is taken on the parade to celebrate the independence day of Indonesia.
28th October 2011 at the London Irish Centre (McNamara Suite), London NW1 (Noel Hill gig).
The Bouzouki developed in Greece at the beginning of the 20th century out of the Turkish Saz. It is one of a family of instruments called the Thabouras and has either 3 or 4 courses of paired strings.
Alec Finn, whose instrument is shown in the photo, is one of the few Irish traditional musicians playing the original Greek version of the instrument.
Bouzoukis are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
12th November 2011 at Barbican (Foyer), London EC2 (Samúel Jón Samúelsson at Scene Iceland).
The Electronic Keyboard differs from the Digital Piano in its ability to produce a wider variety of sounds. They can emulate the sound of pianos, clavinets, organs, etc. Since the 1980s their popularity has commonly seen them replace instruments like Rhodes Pianos and Electronic Organs.
This is a Nord Electro (shown resting on top of a Rhodes Piano). Released in 2001 it provovded digital emulations of the Hammond Organ and Rhodes and Wurlitzer Electric Pianos.
Electronic Keyboards are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
14th June 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Karama gig).
The Gimbri (or Sintir, Guembri and Hajhouj) is a bass instrument played in the Gnawa music of Morocco. It has a rectangular body carved from wood, and is covered in camel skin The three gut strings are plucked downwards with the index finger and thumb. A similarly named pear shaped instrument is also found in Morocco (Gunbri).
Gimbris are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
22nd February 2013 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (Maya Youssef gig).
The Daf (or Dap) is a large (approx 45 to 55 cm in diameter) frame drum whose origins were in Iran but has spread to neighbouring countries in the Middle East and Asia. There are three sets of rings attached to the inside of the frame at the top, left and right sides of the instrument. It is shaken so that the rings strike the skin in conjunction with the player’s hand.
Dafs are assigned the number 211.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.3 = Frame Drums. Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane.
211.31 = Instruments which do not have a handle.
211.311 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
19th July 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Warmi gig).
The Spring Drum (or Thunder Tube) consists of a small diameter wire spring attached to a membrane which forms one end of a cylindrical resonator. The instrument is held at the bottom by one hand, with the open end of the resonator up and the spring hanging loose. Gentle shaking causes the spring to reverberate on to a drum membrane to produce a thunder rumble.
This instrument is made for the Remo company in the United States in its Trilok Gurtu range.
Spring Drums are assigned the number 112.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
Note: there isn’t a sub-category for Shaken Spring Idiophones.
5th October 2011 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
The Güiro consists of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. Different sounds are made by scraping it, both up and down and with long or short strokes. The instrument is played in South / Central American styles like Cumbia and Salsa.
These days the instrument, like the one pictured, is often made of plastic.
Güiros are assigned the number 112.23 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.23 = Scraped vessels.
6th July 2013 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1.
The Kacapi is a zither from West Java with 15 to 20 strings. They are played sitting cross-legged on the floor. There is a specific form of Sundanese music called Kacapi Suling played on the two instruments. Kacapis come in two sizes Kacapi Indung (mother) or Kacapi Parahu (boat), and the Kacapi Anak (child) or Kacapi Rincik (the sound of light rain).
This is the smaller Kacapi Indung, which has 15 strings. They are around 95-100 cm in length.
Kacapis are assigned the number 314.122-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-5 = Strings are caused to vibrate by bare hands.
21st August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Yomkwo is a Raft Zither played by the Birom (or Berom) People of cemtral Nigeria. A simlar instrumnt is found under a variety of names in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa e.g. Senegal, Burkina Faso, Benin, Malawi, Namibia. It consists of number of reeds, usually of millet or similar stalks, which are lashed together in the shape of a raft. The playing strings are made by cutting thin slits in the reeds, lifting them, and stretching them over two bridges of raised pieces of cane.
This instrument was made before 1911. The body is formed of 19 internodes of bamboo. with 11 (originally 12) idiochord strings carved from the bark of the cane. A gourd resonator is attached to the underside of the instrument which is played with thumbs.
Yomkwos are assigned the number 313 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
313 = Raft Zither. The string bearer is composed of canes tied together in the manner of a raft..