View allAll Photos Tagged MusicalInstruments
6th May 2011 at the Fair Grounds Race Course (Jazz Tent), New Orleans, USA (Fleur Debris gig).
The Rhodes Piano is an electro-mechanical instrument invented by Harold Rhodes and commercially available since the 1960s. Hammers strike wires with the vibrations amplified by a pickup which are then given external amplification.
Rhodes Pianos are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
27th October 2011 at London Irish Centre (McNamara Suite), London NW1 (Lúnasa gig).
The Low Whistle is a larger varient of the standard Tin Whistle. It was developed in 1971 for Finbar Furey to a replace a broken indina bamboo Flute. They are usually made of aluminium and come in different pitches. Their main use is in Irish Traditional Music.
Low Whistles are assigned the number 421.221.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.221. = Single Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.1 = Open Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.12 = With Fingerholes.
23rd May 2012 at Guy’s Hospital (Atrium 2), London SE1 (Groanbox gig).
These “Stomp Bells” are a variety of different forms of rattles (only some of them bells) strung together and drapped over the sitting performer's upper leg. They sound as he stamps his foot. There are actually two different elements - goat hooves and small bells on a string wrapped small mirrors and seashells attached to a belt like material.
Stomp Bells are assigned the number 112.111 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.11 = Suspension Rattles. Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other
112.111 = Strung Rattles. Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord.
14th July 2013 at One New Change, London EC4 (Jive Aces gig).
The Washboard, like some other implements such as Spoons and Saws, has moved beyond its practical purpose to become a musical instrument. It consists of a rectangular wooden frame with a series of ridges against which clothing was rubbed. As an instrument the player scrapes it with thimbles, brooms or brushes. The Washboard has been used in Old Time Music, Jazz and Skiffle to provide rhythm.
Washboards are assigned the number 112.25 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.25 = Scraped boards.
25th January 2011 the Vortex, London N16 (Phil Robson & the IMS Quintet gig).
The modern Western Concert Flute is made from metal, has 16 or 17 keys, and adopts the key system devised by Theobald Boehm in Germany in 1830s. This was one of a number of changes in the 19th century that marked a break from earlier flutes such as the Baroque instrument: they were longer, had a narrower bore which was cylindrical rather than conical, and the continual addition of more keys (from the 8 common in the Romatic era to 12 by the end of the century).
The Concert Flute consists of a family of instruments which range in pitch from the highest the Piccolo to the lowest the Hyperbass.
Gareth Lockrane’s set of instruments includes the standard Concert Flute as well as Alto and Piccolo versions.
Western Concert Flutes are assigned the number 421.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.12 = Side-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube.
421.121 = Single Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.1 = Open Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.12 = With Fingerholes.
18th May 2016 at Royal Academy of Music Museum (String Gallery), London NW1.
The Viola, like the other members of the Violin family, developed first in 16th century Italy. They are usually one to four inches longer than a Violin, and are normally tuned one fifth below.
This instrument was made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona in 1696. He made relatively few violas (only ten complete instruments still exist). In common with most Stradivari violas the head has been fashioned with a cello-type pegbox. There have been ome changes to the original, a modern neck has been added and the ribs have been reduced in size. This Viola is known as the "Archinto" as it was owned by Count Archinto of Milan in the 19th century.
Violas are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
Angklung is a musical instrument made from bamboo. The picture is taken on the parade to celebrate the independence day of Indonesia.
12th November 2011 at Barbican (Foyer), London EC2 (Samúel Jón Samúelsson at Scene Iceland).
The Electronic Keyboard differs from the Digital Piano in its ability to produce a wider variety of sounds. They can emulate the sound of pianos, clavinets, organs, etc. Since the 1980s their popularity has commonly seen them replace instruments like Rhodes Pianos and Electronic Organs.
This is a Nord Electro (shown resting on top of a Rhodes Piano). Released in 2001 it provovded digital emulations of the Hammond Organ and Rhodes and Wurlitzer Electric Pianos.
Electronic Keyboards are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
14th June 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Karama gig).
The Gimbri (or Sintir, Guembri and Hajhouj) is a bass instrument played in the Gnawa music of Morocco. It has a rectangular body carved from wood, and is covered in camel skin The three gut strings are plucked downwards with the index finger and thumb. A similarly named pear shaped instrument is also found in Morocco (Gunbri).
Gimbris are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
22nd February 2013 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (Maya Youssef gig).
The Daf (or Dap) is a large (approx 45 to 55 cm in diameter) frame drum whose origins were in Iran but has spread to neighbouring countries in the Middle East and Asia. There are three sets of rings attached to the inside of the frame at the top, left and right sides of the instrument. It is shaken so that the rings strike the skin in conjunction with the player’s hand.
Dafs are assigned the number 211.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.3 = Frame Drums. Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane.
211.31 = Instruments which do not have a handle.
211.311 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Trombone (the name means large trumpet) has a bigger mouthpiece and a longer tube (bent into an S shape) than the Trumpet. Trombone has been built in every size from piccolo to contrabass. The Slide Trombone has a telescoping slide mechanism that varies the length of the instrument to change the pitch. It developed in the middle of the 18th century from the Sackbut. Writers today identify a number of differences between the Sackbut and early Trombones in relation to the bore, bell, etc.), but at the time the two names and others (e.g. Posaune) were often applied to what seem to be the same instrument. The early Trombones had slightly smaller dimensions and had a bell that was more conical and less flared than the modern version.
The Buccin or Buccin à tête de serpent is a Trombone which ends with a semi-circular tube leading to a bell shaped like a serpent’s or dragon’s head, sometimes with a metal tongue emerging from the head. The head emerges from behind the player's shoulder and appears alongside the top of their forehead. The Buccin was particularly popular in military bands in France between 1810 and 1845.
This photo shows the ends of two instruments. The one on th left was made by Ricchi in Rome, Italy (only the bell remains) and the one on the right by Francisco Bernareggii in Barcelona, Spain. Both in the first quarter of the 19th century.
Slide Trombones are assigned the number 423.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically
423.22 = Slide Trumpets. The pitch can be changed by extending a telescopic section of the instrument.
19th July 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Warmi gig).
The Spring Drum (or Thunder Tube) consists of a small diameter wire spring attached to a membrane which forms one end of a cylindrical resonator. The instrument is held at the bottom by one hand, with the open end of the resonator up and the spring hanging loose. Gentle shaking causes the spring to reverberate on to a drum membrane to produce a thunder rumble.
This instrument is made for the Remo company in the United States in its Trilok Gurtu range.
Spring Drums are assigned the number 112.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
Note: there isn’t a sub-category for Shaken Spring Idiophones.
5th October 2011 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
The Güiro consists of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. Different sounds are made by scraping it, both up and down and with long or short strokes. The instrument is played in South / Central American styles like Cumbia and Salsa.
These days the instrument, like the one pictured, is often made of plastic.
Güiros are assigned the number 112.23 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.23 = Scraped vessels.
6th July 2013 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1.
The Kacapi is a zither from West Java with 15 to 20 strings. They are played sitting cross-legged on the floor. There is a specific form of Sundanese music called Kacapi Suling played on the two instruments. Kacapis come in two sizes Kacapi Indung (mother) or Kacapi Parahu (boat), and the Kacapi Anak (child) or Kacapi Rincik (the sound of light rain).
This is the smaller Kacapi Indung, which has 15 strings. They are around 95-100 cm in length.
Kacapis are assigned the number 314.122-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-5 = Strings are caused to vibrate by bare hands.
21st August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Yomkwo is a Raft Zither played by the Birom (or Berom) People of cemtral Nigeria. A simlar instrumnt is found under a variety of names in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa e.g. Senegal, Burkina Faso, Benin, Malawi, Namibia. It consists of number of reeds, usually of millet or similar stalks, which are lashed together in the shape of a raft. The playing strings are made by cutting thin slits in the reeds, lifting them, and stretching them over two bridges of raised pieces of cane.
This instrument was made before 1911. The body is formed of 19 internodes of bamboo. with 11 (originally 12) idiochord strings carved from the bark of the cane. A gourd resonator is attached to the underside of the instrument which is played with thumbs.
Yomkwos are assigned the number 313 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
313 = Raft Zither. The string bearer is composed of canes tied together in the manner of a raft..
1st November 2017 at Sands Films Studio (cinema), London SE16 (Uxia gig).
The Viola Caipira (often just called a Viola) is a 10 string 5 course guitar. A folk instrument it can be found in many styles of Brazilian music.
Violas Caipira are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
7th December 2017 at Royal Festival Hall (Clore Ballroom), London SE1 (Juuri & Juuri gig).
The Harmonium was first developed in France in the middle of the 19th century. It has a set of free reads, a keyboard and bellows. The bellows can be operated in two ways, either by sunction from below the instrument using foot pedals or by pressure from the back using the left hand.
This instrument is of the foor pedal variety, also known as a Reed Organ (or Pump or Parlour Organ). Many of these were made in the 19th century for small churches and some homes.
It is a Mannborg travel harmonium built in the 1910s by the company in Leipzig, Germany.
Reed Organs/Harmoniums are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
13th May 2016 at Royal Festival Hall (Bar level 2), London SE1 (Cedar Hill gig).
The Mandolin evolved from the Lute via the Mandore in 17th and 18th century Italy. It became popular in the United States in the mid 19th century, where folowing an instrument produced in 1905 by Orville H. Gibson it adopted a flat back rather than the bowl shaped one. The bodies of modern Mandolins can be either pear shaped or tear drop shaped (i.e. with a scroll carved into the headstock). They also vary in the shape and position of the sound holes which impacts on the sound of the instrument.
Tear drop shaped Mandolins usually have f-shaped sound holes (normally in pairs, one to each side of the bridge). The American Gibson company called this design of Mandolin the Florentine or F-style.
This is Gibson F-5 from the Feb 18 1924 batch supervised by sound engineer/luthier Lloyd Loar. This was a fairly large batch of around 46 instruments, some of which have become well known. I have previously taken photo of the one now owned by Chris Thile, see: www.flickr.com/photos/kmlivemusic/6168365205/ and www.flickr.com/photos/kmlivemusic/6168900816/. This instrument was owned by Don Brown of the Ozark Mountain Tio before it was passed on to Frank Rey. The musician/luthier Charlie Derrington, who worked for Gibson, includes it in his list of the five best Loars.
Mandolins are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
25th August 2012 at Bull’s Head, Barnes, London SW16 (Stan Tracey gig).
A Flugelhorn differs from a Trumpet in having a wider, conical bore. The first instruments to bear the name developed in the 18th century in Germany from a hunting horn. However the modern Flugelhorn owes more to a Saxhorn derived by Adolphe Sax from a valved Bugle.
Flugelhorns are assigned the number 423.231 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.231= With Conical Bore.
24th October 2015 at London Irish Centre (Presidential Suite), London NW1 (duo with Johnny Óg Connolly).
The Accordion is a bellows driven free reed instrument. From the 1820s onwards several different free reed instruments were invented across Europe (the first to use the name Accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829). They evolved into three main types of instrument: Diatonic, Chromatic and Piano Accordions (as well as Concertinas).
The Diatonic Accordion is operated by pressing buttons or keys which allows air to flow across the reeds (these are strips of brass or steel) which vibrate to produce sound. It is bisonoric (the buttons make one note when the bellows are compressed and another when they are expanded).
The Melodeon in Ireland refers to a 1-row diatonic Accordion (instruments with more rows are called Button Accordions).
This instrument was made by the the Italian company Castagnari.
Melodeons are assigned the number 412.13.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
30th January 2015 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (with Tomorrow's Warriors at "Sounds of the Windrush" gig).
The Electric Double Bass (or Electric Upright Bass) is an amplified version of the instrument. Its minimal or 'skeleton' body reduces the size and weight, making it much more easily transportable.
Electric Double Basses are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
29th May 2012 at National Theatre (Djanogly Concert Pitch), London SE1 (Majagua gig).
The Charango is a South American Andean instrument traditionally made from an Armadillo shell. It probably evolved from the Spanish lute. It has five pairs of strings.
Charangos are assigned the number 321.321-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-5 = Strings vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
25th September 2010 at the Irish Cultural Centre, Hammersmith, London W6.
The Mandola is part of the Mandolin family. The instrument tuned an octave below the Mandolin is called an [Octave] Mandola in Europe and an Octave Mandolin in North America. The latter reserve the term Mandola for an instrument tuned a fifth below a Mandolin, which the former call a Tenor Mandolin. The Octave instrument is larger than the Tenor one - with a scale length of around 50-58 cm (20-23”) compared to 40-42 cm (17-18”).
Octave Mandolins/Mandolas are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Cittern is a Renaissance wire strung instrument. It took a variety of forms, some carved from one hollowed out piece of wood, others built from separate pieces of wood and glued together. They also differed in their shape (tear drop, more circular or other), the number of courses and strings, and whether they had frets.
This instrument was made in Urbiino, Italy in 1582. It is pear shaped and the back is very slightly arched The instrument appears to have been originally four-course, but has been altered rather crudely to six-course. Two early pegs remain. There are eighteen brass frets.
Citterns are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
29th December 2013 at Royal Festival Hall (Clore Ballroom), London SE1 (New Foxtrot Serenaders gig).
The Mute is a device fitted to a musical instrument to alter the timbre and volume. They are most commonly associated with Brass instruments like the trombone. They can be made from metal or plastic and come in a variety of shapes, including straight and cup
Elvis Presley and BB king played the real model guitars. This one was built to original standards and had two P-90 pickups. I heard it play and it sounded great. The instrument belonged to a friend.
I recently acquired this 5 string Banjo and there is no mfr. name or serial no. anywhere. My guess is that it is either a Kit or homemade. I seems to be very well made.
29th June 2012 at Broadgate Circle, London EC2 (Federspiel gig).
The Tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. It was invented in Germany (Prussia) in the mid 19th century. Tubas have a 33.7 to 5.5 metres long main tube with a conical bore i.e. their diameter increases along the tubing from the mouthpiece to the bell.
Tubas are assigned the number 423.231 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.231= With Conical Bore.
26th September 2010 at the Tricycle Theatre, London NW6 (Music from Herat gig).
The Dutar is a long necked two string lute found in Iran and Central Asia. The Afghan Dutar (sometimes known as the Herati Dutar after the town in the west of the country) often has added drone and resonance strings.
This version has 14 metal strings (1 melody, 3 drone, 10 resonance).
Dutars are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.