View allAll Photos Tagged MusicalInstruments
It's like a zither, but with nylon strings instead of steel. It's chromatic. To learn more about this instrument, listen to this episode of my podcast: samplesize1.com/episodes/episode-3-the-peoples-instrument...
15th June 2012 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (Dennis Rollins gig).
The first Hammond Organ was invented by Laurens Hammond in the 1930s. Until the 1970s they were electro-mechanical instruments. They contained tonewheels which rotated beneath electromagnetic pickups. More recently they have been replaced by Clonewheel Organs, electronic instruments which emulate the sound of the electromechanical tonewheel-based organs.
This is a KeyB Duo, a modern electronic instrument which reproduces the sound of a Hammond B3/C3. The keyboard is designed to replicate that of a tonewheel organ.
Electronic Organs are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
12th March 2011 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (“Songs of Love and Liberation from Iran” gig).
The Daf (or Dap) is a large (approx 45 to 55 cm in diameter) frame drum whose origins were in Iran but has spread to neighbouring countries in the Middle East and Asia. There are three sets of rings attached to the inside of the frame at the top, left and right sides of the instrument. It is shaken so that the rings strike the skin in conjunction with the player’s hand.
Dafs are assigned the number 211.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.3 = Frame Drums. Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane.
211.31 = Instruments which do not have a handle.
211.311 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
18th August 2013 at Horniman Museum (Bandstand), London SE23 (Cumbé gig).
The Tambora is a two headed Colombian Bass Drum. It was widely used in Cumbia, but these days is often replaced by congas.
Tamboras are assigned the number 211.212.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.21 = Cylindrical Drums. Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end.
211.212 = Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.212.1 = single instruments.
18th May 2012 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (Gochag Askerov gig).
The Azeri Tar developed from the Persian Tar in the late 19th century (there is also a frame drum with the same name). Like the Persian instrument this Lute has 6 strings in 3 courses. In addition it has a bass string on the side and two pairs of sympathetic strings, making 11 strings in all. The Azeri Tar also differs from the Persian one in not having slanting sides.
Tars (the bowl lute version) are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
29th October 2011 at Francis Bacon School, St Albans (BandaBéro gig).
The Hurdy Gurdy (known in France as the Vielle à Roue) probably originated in Western Europe or the Middle East before the 11th century. It is sounded by a crank turned wheel rubbing against the strings rather than a bow. It has multiple drone strings. Traditionally the Vielle à Roue has 2 melody and 4 drone strings.
Hurdy Gurdys are assigned the number 321.322-72 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-72 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated using a wheel.
Collection Name: RG005 SOS Publications Vanishing Missouri Collection. Click here to view the entire collection on Missouri Digital Heritage.
Photographer/Studio: Unknown; submitted by Blaine Afton Smallwood (Licking, MO)
Description: The Hibbs family forms their own orchestra in their living room. L to R: Harold Hibbs (cornet), Chloe Hibbs (cornet), Grace Hibbs (piano), Elizabeth Lemons (banjo), Dolph Hibbs (fiddle / violin), Virginia Hibbs (pump organ), Carrie Lott (guitar), Bill Hibbs (fiddle / violin).
Coverage: United States - Missouri - Texas County - Raymondville
Date: c1908
Rights: Permission granted
Credit: Courtesy of Missouri State Archives
Image Number: RG005_Pubs_VanMOI_12_30C.tif
Institution: Missouri State Archives
19th February 2015 at St Pancras Old Church, London NW1 (Leveret gig).
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexangonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
This is a 56 key Wheatstone English Concertina. This photo shows the left side of the instrument.
C. Wheatstone & Co (Charles and his brother William) invented the English Concertina in the 1820s-40s. The company passed out of the hands of the family in the 1890s and was later owned by the Chidleys, Boosey & Hawkes and (from 1975 to date) Steve Dickinson of Stowmarket, Suffolk..
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
17th February 2011 at Kings Place (Hall Two), London N1 (Breabach gig).
Bagpipes are first recorded in Scotland around the 15th century. The Great Highland Bagpipes (or Bagpipe) has four reeds, a conical bore chanter, three cylindrical bore drones (two tenor and one bass), plus a bag and blowpipe.
Great Highland Bagpipes are assigned the number 422.112-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or 7s. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
I love the groove in the old bow, where my great grandfather obviously put his finger many times to wear it down like that.
29th March 2014 at the Royal Festival Hall (Festival Terrace), London SE1 (Display at “Pull Out All the Stops” Festival).
The Fairground Organ, like the Café Organ developed from the larger version of the Street Organ (but is much louder so it can be heard over the noise of crowds). They drew people towards a ride or side show.
The instrument in the photo is a 78 keyless model 36b by Ruth & Sohn of Waldkirch, Germany.
Fairground Organs with both Flue and Reed Pipes are assigned the numbers 421.222.11 and 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.11 = Without fingerholes.
and
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
5th November 2014 at Guy’s Hospital (Chapel), London SE1 (Nightingale Consort concert).
The European Lute descended from the same ancestor as the North African and the Middle Eastern Oud. It has a pear shaped soundboard and a bent back peghead
During the Renaissance era (c. 1400-1630) the number of courses of the Lute grew from five to sx, then to seven, eight, or even ten by the late period. Typically there were 11 to 15 strings. The Lute was the premier solo instrument of the 16th century, as well as participating in ensembles with other instruments..
Lutes are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
12th November 2010 at Kings Place (Hall Two), London N1 (Sigrid Moldestad gig).
The Viola, like the other members of the Violin family, developed first in 16th century Italy. They are usually one to four inches longer than a Violin, and are normally tuned one fifth below.
The Viola is the instrument on the left of the photo, next to a Fiddle (Violin).
Violas are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
Guitar lessons with the multi-talented Frank.
Trying out some new treatments and textures here. I occasionally feel the need!
© Copyright Paul Green 2008. All rights reserved.
24th (or rather early hours of 25th) January 2014 at the Piping Centre, Glasgow (Maru Tarang gig).
The Sindhi Sarangi (also known as the Sing) is a type of Sarangi used to play North Indian folk music. It is found in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and associated with the Langa community of musicians.
Sarangis are assigned the number 321.321-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
20th October 2017 at Royal Festival Hall (Bar level 2), London SE1 (Suunta gig).
The Kujep is a large frame drum from West Siberian. It was used by Shamen of the Mansi people. The instrument is made from spruce wood and reindeer skin.
This instrument was made by Juhana Nyrhinen based on one brought one to Finland 1906 and now in the National Museum of Finland.
Kujeps are assigned the number 211.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.3 = Frame Drums. Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane.
211.31 = Instruments which do not have a handle.
211.311 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
16th April 2013 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1.
The Amplifier takes a signal from instruments such as a guitar, bass gultar or keyboard which then passes through loudspeakers to emerge with a greatly increased volume. They were first used by electric guitars in the 1930s. Combination ("combo") amplifiers include a preamplifier, a power amplifier, tone controls, and one or more speakers in a cabinet.
This is a Marshall amplifier. Marshall is a British company founded by former drummer Jim Marshall. It became famous through the stacks of amplifiers used by Rhythm and Blues/Rock groups of the 1960s like the Who and Jimi Hendrix. A Marshall amp features in the 1984 film
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Chikara is an Indian bowed stringed musical instrument played in the folk music. of Rajasthan and other regions. It is made from a single block of wood with usually three strings and sometimes sympathetic strings.
This instrumnet was made in the 19th century, and is much more sophisticated version than other simpler ones.
Chikaras are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
5th August 2012 at Exhibition Road, London SW7.
The Marimba consists of a set of wooden keys with resonators, which are struck with mallets. It was developed in Guatemala from a Mayan instrument.
The instrument was taken up in the western world, first in vaudeville in the USA and then between 1940 and 1960 as an orchestral instrument. The design of the Marimba became more sophisticated. A Concert Marimba can have a range of up to 5 octaves.
Marimbas are assigned the number 111.212 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.21 = Percussion sticks.
111.212 = Sets of percussion sticks.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Tárogató is a modern invention with the same name as a traditional instrument. The original instrument which was derived from the Zurna had a double reed, concial bore and no keys. It can be traced back to at least the 15th century in Hungary. The new instrument invented in the 1890s in Budapest has a single reed, comical bore and keys. It resembles a Soprano Saxophone, but with different keying, tone hole sizes and placements, and a different sound.
This instrument was made by Jerome Thibouville-Lamy in Paris in the first half of the 20th century. It has a pitch of B♭and has 18 keys.
Tárogatós are assigned the number 422.212 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2 = Single Reed Instruments or Clarinets. The pipe has a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella
422.21 = Single Clarinets [as opposed to sets of Clarinets].
422.212 = With conical bore.
28th June 2012 at Broadgate Circle, London EC2 (Söndörgő gig).
The Eastern European Tambura (or Tamboura or Tamburica) is a long necked Lute, which originated in Turkey. In Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia (and also where people of such descent who have settled in Hungary) the instrument comes in a variety of shapes and sizes which come together in a Tambura Orchestra or Tamburitza. Elsewhere in Bulgaria and Macedonia there are more uniform solo instruments.
The Tambura Samica is one of the smallest Tamburas from the northern former Yugoslavian countres. It is usually played solo rather than in a Tambura Orchestra.
Eastern European Tamburas are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
9th December 2011 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1.
The Hang was developed in 2000 in Switzerland by a PANArt, and is related to the Steel Pan. The name comes from the Bernese German word for hand. It consists of two hemispherical sheets of steel. Inside them is simply air. The Hang is usually played resting on the player's lap with hands and fingers.
Hanghang (the plural form of Hang) are assigned the number 111.24 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.24 = Percussion vessels.
Note: This classification is not accepted by everybody. There have been angry exchanges in forums and attempts to get the instruments Wikipedia page to represent different positions. Some argue that it is a Membranophone and others that there is no place for it in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification. One argument is that most people would regard it as a drum, so it is a drum. A more sophisticated one is that the steel sheets constitute a membrance because their tension is controllable/they oscillate.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. It was invented in Germany (Prussia) in the mid 19th century. Tubas have a 3.7 to 5.5 metres long main tube with a conical bore i.e. their diameter increases along the tubing from the mouthpiece to the bell.
The BBB♭ or Subcontrabass Tuba is extremely rare (only a handful of examples are known). It is one octave below the BB♭or Contrabass Tuba (the lowest and largest Tuba in regular use).
This instrument was made by Besson & Co in London in the early 20th century. This BBB♭ Tuba is 1.981 metres high and weighs 50.8 kg. It was originally fitted to the wall of the Besson & Co. factory on the Euston Road. When Boosey & Hawkes acquired Besson it was moved to the outside of their factory in Edgware until the late 1990s.
Tubas are assigned the number 423.232 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.232 = With Semi-Conical Bore.
23rd May 2011 at Betsey Trotwood, London EC1 (Le Vent du Nord gig).
The Accordion is a bellows driven free reed instrument. From the 1820s onwards several different free reed instruments were invented across Europe (the first to use the name Accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829). They evolved into three main types of instrument: Diatonic, Chromatic and Piano Accordions (as well as Concertinas).
The Diatonic Accordion is operated by pressing buttons or keys which allows air to flow across the reeds (these are strips of brass or steel) which vibrate to produce sound. It is bisonoric (the buttons make one note when the bellows are compressed and another when they are expanded).
The Québécois Accordion used to play the traditional music of the province can be either a Diatonic Accordion or a Piano Accordion. The former is similar to the Cajun Accordion. with four stops and can both 1-row, and 1½-row variants.
Québécois Diatonic Accordions are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
Simmons & Fisher (ca. 1850).
Current Status: The current status of this instrument has not been documented. (Last update: transfer of data from the OHS PC Database, October 30, 2004.) If you can assist us with information concerning the current status of this organ, please use the form accessible through the "Update" button below.
2 manuals. 18 stops.
Slider chests. Mechanical key action.
Additional notes.
Altered Ross Abel 1960s. (OHS PC Database. 2004-10-30)
Was out at my favourite musical store and saw this fantastic setup. Had to have a shot. Also, any guesses as to which lens? Hint: Look at the ugly octagonal bokeh... Guess before checking my EXIF.. :)
8th July 2016 at the British Museum (Great Court), London WC1 (Mujali Island Monks performance).
The Assamese Nagara consists of two clay (though more recently a metal like brass) drums played together. The open end is covered with Goat Skin and tied firmly with lather strips. Several different size of Nagaras are found if different parts of Assam, those in Lower Assam being larger than those in Upper Assam.
Assamese Nagaras are assigned the number 211.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.1 = Kettle Drums. Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped.
211.12 = Sets of instruments.