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Au milieu des années 1970, le principal aéroport de la Réunion, à Gillot, sur la commune de Sainte-Marie, a dû être agrandi. Pendant les travaux, une nouvelle piste a été construite dans le sud de l'île, à Saint-Pierre, au lieu-dit Pierrefonds, afin d'accueillir les avions qui ne pouvaient plus atterrir dans le nord. Les passagers venant de France métropolitaine étaient alors transférés à l'aéroport d'Ivato, à Madagascar, sur des avions plus petits (souvent de la compagnie locale, filiale d'Air France) seuls habilités à se poser à Pierrefonds. Inversement, ceux qui partaient de la Réunion pouvaient embarquer sur un gros porteur à "Mada". Ainsi, 25 ans environ avant l'ouverture de l'actuel aéroport de Pierrefonds, il existait déjà un embryon d'aéroport dans le sud.
In the mid-1970s, Réunion's main airport, at Gillot, in the municipality of Sainte-Marie, had to be enlarged. During the works, a new runway was built in the south of the island, in Saint-Pierre, at a place called Pierrefonds, in order to accommodate planes that could no longer land in the north. Passengers coming from metropolitan France were then transferred to Ivato airport, in Madagascar, on smaller planes (often from the local company, subsidiary of Air France) which were the only ones authorized to land in Pierrefonds. Conversely, those who left Reunion could embark on a jumbo jet at "Mada". Thus, approximately 25 years before the opening of the current Pierrefonds airport, there was already an embryonic airport in the south.
[Photo prise avec un Topcon Unirex]
La iglesia de Sant Joan Baptista fue construida entre finales del siglo XIX y finales del XX. Para su construcción se emplearon rocas volcánicas de la Garrotxa, como se puede comprobar por el color oscuro de sus muros.
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Sant Joan de les Fonts, Girona.
Mosaic of 6 photos taken by the MastCam 34mm camera of Curiosity rover on sol 1619 at 13h12 local time.
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Mosaïque de 6 photos prises par la caméra 34 mm du rover Curiosity au sol 1619 à 13h12 heure locale.
Many of the earth elementals have eternal youth and can be quite alluring, choosing to take whatever form they desire. By residing in caves or under lakes and ponds and other subterranean locales, they avoid conflict with humans. Linear time is changed in the realms of the earth elementals. As a result three dimensions do not always exist. Thus, seasonal evolution is made easier for these spirits, allowing them to create positive changes within the environment by eliminating some forms of long-term cellular atrophy.
www.elephantjournal.com/2020/12/some-notes-on-nature-spir...
Nel camerino lurido di un locale non meglio precisato una ragazza immagine si rende immediatamente conto della inutilità di una serie di orpelli, convinzioni, dettagli... e decide che i nomi non valgono più nulla... che nemmeno la bellezza ha più troppo senso se diventa una gabbia!Spezza le catene e corre via!
Guardate qualcosa di bello distrutto qui
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyCAquPf0xk
In the filth dressing room of a filth disco a covergirl catches the uselessness of accessories, thoughts, details... and she decides that names are worth of nothing... that beauty is senseless sad and useless... when it becomes a cage! So she brakes the chains and flies away!
Watch something beautiful destroyed
Un drole d'engin, qui je suppose sert au graissage des caténaires, traverse la gare de Timisoara-Nord
This photo taken from a Civil Air Patrol plane Thursday shows some of the terrain in Pend Oreille County where crews are searching for a pilot and plane missing out of Colville since Monday, Nov. 11. Search efforts also include ground crews working in the heavily forested areas with elevations up to 6,000 feet.
fly roma rome rom lazio spqr italy italia statue church nature city citta street light landscape achitecture building monument history free europe europa people girls wallpaper castielli vacation holliday holiday trip art high religion catholic
What else would the Italian Local Police drive?
Choosing a FIAT Panda for a Police Patrol Car is probably a sensible decision for this operating environment.
Its small dimensions & small petrol engine it both economical and ideal for the tight Genoa streets.
The Polizia Municipale are the municipal police of Italy responsible to the mayors of the various municipalities of Italy.
Traffic control is their main function in addition to enforcing statal, regional and local laws regarding commerce, legal residence, pets and other administrative duties. They also have all other police duties, with the exception of public safety, because this is an exclusive duty of the Polizia di Stato and Polizia Municipale has just an auxiliary function.
The Italian Polizia Municipale (PM) forces have 60,000 employees, Rome having the largest at several thousand. PM uniforms and vehicles have many different liveries depending on regional laws and local tastes and traditions.
WAINMAN'S PINNICLE , OR KNOWN LOCALY AS COWLING PINNACLE AS IT IS CLOSEST TO THE TOWN OF COWLING IN NORTH YORKSHIRE. THE PINICLE IS TAPERING SOLID STRUCTURE, AND THERE ARE A NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SUGGESTIONS AS TO ITS EXISTENCE - A MEMORIAL TO LADY AMCOTT'S HUSBAND, WHO DIED IN THE CIVIL WAR; ERECTED BY RICHARD WAINMAN TO MARK THE DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO IN 1815; OR A MEMORIAL TO HIS SON, WHO DIED IN THE NAPOLEONIC WAR. BY THE LATTER PART OF THE 19TH CENTURY THE PINNACLE HAD BECOME SEVERELY DAMAGED BY LIGHTNING, AS A RESULT OF WHICH IT WAS DEMOLISHED AND REBUILT IN JANUARY 1900 BY MESSRS. GOTT AND RIDDIOUGH OF COWLING.
Incrocio tra un Malpensa Express sulla linea diretta e un TAF in servizio come locale tra Milano Cadorna e Saronno.
Sony DSC-RX100 + 28-100mm F1.8-4.9 @ 10.4 mm - 1/1600 sec at f/5.6, ISO 200
Manual mode @ 0 EV E.C - Pattern metering - no flash
Subject Distance: unknown
Great bumps to the right.
46°56'13" N 121°30'2" W, 6732.6 ft
Crystal Mountain Ski Resort
Enumclaw, Washington, United States
Taken on 02.15.2013, uploaded on 02.16.2013.
©2013 Adam James Steenwyk. Please contact me at ajamess [at] gmail [dot] com if you would like to use this photo. Blog: www.f128.info
Hong Kong is exotic and beautiful by moonlight.
This lovely Blythe doll is Patty Patch, wearing Brenda’s stock dress for the theme “exotic” in the Blythe a Day group on Flickr. The background is a mini travel poster.
Ojo esta es la galería donde a la entrada venden adornos de bautizo etc... para no confundirse.
En esta galería hay dos locales donde compro frecuentemente... en "paquetería aguilera" venden el paño lenci por mayor a $210 y por unidad $280 tienen muchos colores y eso es bastante bueno...
Y "emanuel", lo bueno del local es el surtido de mostacillas, las redondas estan a la vista en una vitrina de vidrio y eso es bastante cómodo
Polizia Locale | commune de Lazise (01)| Italy | Ford Focus | CZ-984ZS .
© Boss-19 - unauthorised use of this image is strictly prohibited
SELECTIVE COLOUR BLUE
THE QUEENSFERRY BLUE BRIDGE ALSO KNOWN LOCALY AS JUBILEE BRIDGE, WAS DESIGNED BY MOTT HAY AND ANDERSON, AND BUILT BY SIR WILLIAM ARROL AND CO. LTD, FOR £83,051. THIS BRIDGE WAS ONE OF THE MAIN ROUTES INTO NORTH WALES FROM NORTHERN ENGLAND.
IT'S A DOUBLE-LEAF BASCULE BRIDGE BUILT TO THE SCHERZER "ROLLING LIFT" DESIGN, ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN FIXED AT MIDSPAN AND NO LONGER OPENS. BOATS ARE STILL ABLE TO PASS BELOW, INCLUDING BARGES CARRYING AIRBUS WINGS. THE CENTRAL SPAN IS 40.8M, THE TWO SIDE SPANS EACH 40.5M, AND THE DECK IS APPROXIMATELY 10M WIDE.
IN SCHERZER'S DESIGN, THE BASCULES ROLL BACK ONTO CURVED STEEL GIRDERS, ROCKING-HORSE STYLE. BALLAST CHAMBERS AT THE TOP OF THE CURVED GIRDERS BALANCE THE WEIGHT OF THE DECK AND REDUCE THE POWER REQUIRED FOR OPERATION. AT QUEENSFERRY, THE ROLLING GIRDERS ARE LOCATED INBOARD OF THE APPROACH SPAN GIRDERS. THE BRIDGE DECK IS SUPPORTED FROM CROSS-BEAMS WHICH ARE SUSPENDED BELOW THE MAIN DECK TRUSSES IN THE CASE OF THE MAIN SPAN.
THE DRIVING MECHANISM CONSISTS OF SMALL PINIONS WHICH ROLL BACK ALONG FIXED RACKS, PUSHING THE OPENING SPAN BACK ONTO ITS HEELS AS THEY GO. WHILE A NUMBER OF GEARS ARE STILL PRESENT, THE ORIGINAL DRIVE ENGINES HAVE BEEN REMOVED, AND NOR IS THERE ANY CONTROL HOUSE. COMPARE THE SCHERZER BRIDGE AT INCHINNAN IN SCOTLAND, WHERE THE MECHANISM IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT, BUT MACHINERY HOUSES ARE STILL CLEARLY PRESENT.
THERE ARE HOLES IN THE ROLLING GIRDERS AND TEETH ON THE SUPPORT GIRDER WHICH SERVE TO PREVENT THE SPANS FROM GETTING MISALIGNED. WEDGES HAVE BEEN INSERTED TO PREVENT THE BRIDGE FROM MOVING.
THE BRIDGE IS GENERALLY IN VERY WELL PRESERVED CONDITION, WITH DISTINCTIVE BLUE PAINTWORK MAKING IT A BOLD SIGHT. IT HAS A DEFINITE INDUSTRIAL BEAUTY DERIVED FROM THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE INTRICATE STEELWORK AND ITS SIMPLE, PURPOSEFUL FORM.
Plynlimon and Hafan TramwayFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Coordinates: 52°44′38″N 3°21′36″W / 52.744°N 3.360°W / 52.744; -3.360
Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway
Locale Wales
Dates of operation 1897–1899
Successor abandoned
Track gauge 2 ft 3 in (686 mm)
Length 7+3⁄4 miles (12.47 km)
Headquarters Talybont
The Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway was a 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) gauge narrow gauge railway in Cardiganshire (now Sir Ceredigion) in Mid Wales. It ran from Llanfihangel (later renamed Llandre) station on the Cambrian Railways via the village of Talybont and the valley of the Afon Leri into the foothills of Plynlimon Fawr. It was built to serve the lead mines at Bwlch Glas and stone quarries around Hafan[1] and opened in 1897, closing just three years later. The line was a little over 7 miles (11 km) long and despite running a short-lived passenger service, it served no communities of more than 100 people.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Route
3 Locomotives
4 Passenger Carriage
5 Goods Vehicles
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] History
Bwlch Glas mine - one of the reasons for the existence of the tramway.In 1895 the Plynlimon Mining Co. Ltd. leased Bwlchglas Mine from the farm of that name, other surrounding lands having been leased from Sir Lewis Pryse of the Gogerddan Estate in 1890. Captain John Davis of Talybont and Thomas Molyneux, an industrialist of Earlestown, joined forces to exploit minerals (Hafan, Henfwlch, Elgar - with other mines being seriously considered), and to develop grit stone quarries on Hafan mountain. In 1890 Molyneux proposed building a tramway from Hafan to the coast at Ynyslas using the Leri Valley - Hafan/Talybont/Dolybont and run down and across Cors Fochno using the canalised embankment of the Leri diversion constructed by the Aberystwyth & Welsh Coast Railway, to a Dock suitable for coasters at Ynyslas. However the Cambrian Railways would not permit the tramway to cross its line at any point between Machynlleth and Aberystwyth, leaving no alternative but to unload into barges to get under the bridge at Ynyslas, and then tranship to coasters from the barges the other side. Much thinking went on as to how to get to the sea elsewhere: in frustration, Clarach Bay was considered but ship loading would have been very difficult, a tramway under Ynyslas bridge was considered but discounted due to obvious tide problems, even a line alongside the main line to Aberystwyth Harbour was considered, the transhipping at Ynyslas was discounted as too costly a procedure. In the end it was decided the only option was to go to the Cambrian Railways. Llandre Station, even though Mr Molyneaux had previously stated that much benefit would be lost by their not having direct Port access... however, this option was the only way in the end.
Construction commenced on 11 January 1896, but was briefly brought to a halt by the Gogerddan Estate as the route had not been finalised or indeed agreements signed. Some months afterwards construction commenced in ernest, and very impressive progress was made. The mines and tramway to this point had been funded totally by Thos.Molyneaux, but on the 24th of Oct. 1896 he sold his holdings to the Plynlimon & Hafan Co.Ltd. for £14,000 of the new company's Ordinary shares - meaning he held a 46.6 holding in this new company, and became its Managing Director - with his Son holding the post of Gen.Mgr./Engineer (having been involved for some while).
By late 1896 the track bed of the line was largely complete. After much delay, track materials were delivered in January 1897, with the first rails being laid at Talybont on 11 January. Tracklaying progressed quickly and in May the first locomotive Victoria arrived on site. During December, Mr Molyneaux had asked Sir P.P.Pryse "...to try to get Sir James Szlumper to adopt the P&H gauge of 2'3" for the proposed Devils Bridge line", and had this happened things would have been interesting and possibly very different, but it did not due to the sharp curves of the Devil's Bridge line.
The first test run of Victoria was a limited success. On 5 June another attempt was made with the locomotive propelling two trollies and pulling a third. Just before Glanfred level crossing a piece of timber was spotted lying across the rails. One of the men on the train, Richard Roberts went forward to clear the line but fell underneath the train and was killed.
In August 1897 the second locomotive Talybont arrived along with the line's first passenger carriage. On 19 August a trial train was run as far as the bottom of the Hafan incline, although the track between Llanfihangel and Talybont was not laid to a high enough quality to permit passenger services to begin immediately.
From late 1897 freight service began on the line. The formal opening to passengers took place on 28 March 1898, although trains only ran on Mondays, connecting with the Cambrian Railway's Market Day Special to Aberystwyth. The majority of passenger trains in the line's short history stopped at Talybont as there were few houses to be served further east of that village.
The passenger service only ran until the summer of 1899 and the entire company went into voluntary liquidation on 19 December 1899 the last train having run sometime before that date. Not long after closure, the Co. operating the Bryn-yr-Afr Mine made inroads to reopen the line to serve their needs, but nothing came of it unfortunately. The track remained in place until 1914 when it was taken up, though the stretch of line through the Bwlchglas Farm property remained intact until scrapped by the landlord in 1926.
[edit] Route
Route of the tramway
In some places, the trackbed is clearly visible, even a century after closure. This photo was taken above Pontbren-geifr.The main line (which was marked by steep gradients) terminated at the foot of the Hafan Incline, while a mineral extension led from the top of the incline to a granite sett quarry operated by the little Bagnall 0-4-0.
The Plynlimon and Hafan was one of the most obscure common carrier railways in Britain. It shared its unusual gauge with only three other public railways in Britain: the nearby Corris Railway and Talyllyn Railway and the later Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway in Scotland.
Molyneaux's use of this gauge may indicate a somewhat optimistic idea of connecting to the Corris and Talyllyn railways, and he also unsuccessfully pressed the promoters of the Vale of Rheidol Railway to adopt the same gauge, which if adopted would have created a 2'3" haven in the area in contrast to the 2' gauge lines around Porthmadog. Since the Corris had originally had access under the Cambrian line at Machynlleth for its horse-worked extension to Morben, it might have been possible to revive this section of line as a linking route, but it was another step again to link to Talyllyn metals. However, the P&H's loading gauge was both taller and wider than its two northern neighbours, and so none of its rolling stock could have been used on either Corris or Talyllyn, suggesting that no link was seriously contemplated. This also meant that neither line were interested in buying any of the P&H rolling stock after it closed.
Molyneaux had proposed a tunnel under Hafan so to serve the Bryn-yr-Afr Mine, but this was only a dual step in the 'grand plan' for a connection south to the Devils Bridge line and the other northerly connections that were on Mr Molyneaux's mind.
Today the trackbed formation from Pontbrengeifr to the Hafan incline remains largely open and intact and can be walked; much of the formation of the mineral extensions at the top of the incline is also traceable. Between Pontbrengeifr and Talybont sections of the formation remain intact, but others have been eroded away by the Afon Leri and are heavily overgrown which makes walking it more difficult. There is now little to see of the former exchange sidings at Llandre.
[edit] LocomotivesThe tramway owned three steam locomotives.
"Victoria" was the only locomotive built by Messrs John Slee & Co of Warrington. It was an 0-4-0 of highly unusual design, with a vertical boiler and tram-like bodywork. Some sources report that the locomotive originally had four cylinders, but two were later disconnected as the boiler could not supply enough steam to power four[2]. Victoria was delivered to Llanfihangel on 12 May 1897. The locomotive did not run well and is not known to have ever run in revenue-earning service. Its intended duties on the main line were taken over by "Talybont".[3]
"Talybont" 2-4-0T was a conventional design built by W.G. Bagnall, originally for a customer in Brazil who cancelled the order. It worked the main line from Llanfihangel via Talybont to the foot of the Hafan incline.
"Hafan", Bagnall 0-4-0 ST works number 1510, ran on the quarry section above the Hafan incline. Repurchased by Bagnall in 1901 and subsequently worked on the Halifax Corporation's Walshaw Dean Reservoirs construction contract for which she was regauged to 3 ft (914 mm). After several further reservoir construction contracts she was last noted working at the Bedley Timber Company at Nairn, Scotland in 1920.[3]
Both the Bagnalls were returned to the makers after the line closed, while "Victoria" was probably scrapped. "Talybont" was regauged and sold on to the Vale of Rheidol Railway and became their No.3 "Rheidol", while "Hafan" went on to work on reservoir contracts.
[edit] Passenger CarriageThe tramway had only one passenger carriage, a rather ornate vehicle with end balconies and clerestory roof. Legend has it that after the tramway closed it was used as a shed on a farm or garden, but if this was the case it probably disappeared many years ago. Although the original does not survive a replica has been built and is running on the Launceston Steam Railway.
[edit] Goods VehiclesSome of the tramway's waggons accompanied "Talybont" to the Vale of Rheidol, and, much rebuilt, remain there to this day.
[edit] See alsoList of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways
British narrow gauge railways
[edit] References1.^ 52°45′58″N 3°16′30″W / 52.766°N 3.275°W / 52.766; -3.275
2.^ Weaver, Rodney (1984). "Victorian Refections". The Narrow Gauge (The Narrow Gauge Railway Society).
3.^ a b Wade, E.A. (1997). The Plynlimon & Hafan Tramway. Twelveheads Press. ISBN 090629438.
The Plynlimon & Hafan Tramway - Lewis Cozens
Boyd, J.I.C. (1965). Narrow Gauge Railways in Mid Wales. The Oakwood Press.
[edit] External links