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Ask around what are the two most iconic symbols of Gothic architecture and art, and the answer will likely be: stained glass windows and rib vaulting.
In both cases, that answer will be wrong: those wonders, on which Gothic cathedrals built their worldwide reputation, are... Romanesque! And they were not just invented and barely tested at the time of Romanesque, they were actually implemented again and again, and perfected along the way over at least one century before Gothic happened. Much more than the definitive breaking point it is often purported to be, the advent of the Gothic was much more a smooth and slow transition, largely calling upon concepts, methods and techniques created and improved during Romanesque times.
As regards stained glass, the oldest still in place is the Ascension Window in the Le Mans Cathedral, which could be as old as Year 1100, possibly 1120–40. The windows in the Augsburg Cathedral in Germany also have a strong claim to the title of oldest Romanesque stained glass window. I hope to be able to photograph all of them some day.
Now, and coming back to our main subject, the rib vaulting (in French: voûte sur croisée d’ogives, or more simply voûte d’ogives), experts agree that, even before the cathedral of Durham in England, it was first experimented in the abbey church of Lessay in Normandy, which stands in the Cotentin peninsula, today the département of Manche. This new, revolutionary vaulting system could be as old as 1090, at least for the apse, choir and transept. Let us remember that this was also the time when other Benedictine monks, in Burgundy, were experimenting the “broken”, or “pointy” Romanesque arch in the Cluny II abbey church, on which construction began in 1088.
The beginning of the nave is also very old, as will be explained below. Its western part may have been built a few decades later, around 1130–40 —but even so, at that time we are still fully within the Romanesque Age, which did not come to an end until 1200 at the earliest —and of course such a clean cutoff date is only symbolic and does not correspond to any actual reality.
The abbey church of Lessay was miraculously saved in the 1950s by Yves-Marie Froidevaux, Chief Architect of Historic Landmarks, after it was severely damaged by the mines detonated by the Nazi army before it retreated after the D-Day landing of June 1944. The restoration Froidevaux carried out, re-using most of the old stones wherever it was possible, today remains an example of a successful and respectful restoration.
Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, this church may look less impressive from the outside than the one in Cerisy, of which I uploaded photos a few days ago. Its apparel is mostly of local shale stones. The cut stones are limestone from Yvetot-Bocage near Valognes, a stone of a lesser quality compared to the famous pierre de Caen, which is also used here, but quite sparsely. Prima facie, this vast church offers more similarities with the humble parochial ones to be found locally in the Cotentin, than with “the great monastic architecture”, as Lucien Musset calls it in the Normandie romane book published by Zodiaque.
As you step inside, however, the architectural and religious message resonates with all its majesty and might. Contrary to Cerisy, this nave retains all of its rows; its perfect proportions are ample, elegant and powerful. They fascinate the first-time visitor.
In the oldest rows of the nave, toward the transept, the ribs fall on “nothing”, for lack of a base or an engaged column to receive them. Such an approximation denotes an incomplete concept, enthusiastically adopted but not yet fully developed.
However remarkable and iconic it may be, owing to the very first use of rib vaulting in human history, the abbey church of Lessay fails to satisfy the lovers of Romanesque sculpture, which is almost absent. This does not come as a surprise in a Norman Romanesque church. Some capitals are sculpted, but they are often the most distant, way up high at triforium level, and the other are only prepared for sculpting, rarely decorated with hooks or gadroons.
One last lengthwise view of the nave, with the first ever rib-vaulted roof that made it famous.
In 1860 Thomas Aveling invented the traction engine, offering an alternative to horses in agricultural haulage. Eleven years later, approximately when this engine was built, Aveling was improving his design for the self-propelling power plant. This engine was one of the first to be steered by its front wheels (earlier designs were steered by a fifth wheel) and to have gear-driven rear wheels. These features, as well as the Aveling patented method of supporting the crankshaft, were to become standard on all traction engines. This engine was renovated by Aveling-Barford Ltd in the 1950s before being donated to the Science Museum.
Built in 1870-72, it is the oldest surviving traction engine to show all the features that became standard on all traction engines for the next 60 years.
Traction engines were often used as a portable power source for various machines, driven by a long belt from a flywheel. The engines would travel from far to far at harvest time, where they would drive a threshing machine (which separated the wheat from the chaff and stalks).
For many people, the traciton engine was probably their first encounter with the "machine age." In Tess of the d'Urbervilles, published in 1891, Thomas Hardy described the harsh pace of the new machinery as Tess helped to feed corn into the threshing machine. "It was the ceaselessness of the work that tried her so severely .... For Tess there was no respite; for, as the drum never stopped, the man who fed it could not stop, and she, who had to supply the man with untied sheaves, could not stop either."
Traction engines were also used to haul heavy industrial equipment and also pulled 'road trains' consisting of several wagons. However, their average speed was slow - about 4 mph.
Aveling and Porter exported steam engines all over the world. They also pioneered the steam road-roller - really a traction engine with heavy rollers for wheels - thus steam "paved the way" for the petrol, diesel and electric vehicles of today...
All information from the Science Musuem's website and noticeboards.
Con muchos días de retraso, aquí está mi foto de diciembre para "Doce palabras llenas de significado". Este mes soy yo la que tira de palabra inventada, pero es una palabra muy significativa para mí. Es una palabra de una de mis mejores amigas, y se usa para definir todas las cosas bonitas que nos hacen la vida agradable. Tiene cabida casi todo, desde un collar bonito, a una sombra de ojos especial, un pañuelo o un broche. La asocio a comida con amigas, y ratito de compras, y me pone de buen humor sólo pensar en ella. Si os gusta, podéis adoptarla ;) Ah, se usa en plural. Que no falte de na' jajajaj
La foto es parte de algo en lo que estoy trabajando y espero poder contaos pronto.
Ask around what are the two most iconic symbols of Gothic architecture and art, and the answer will likely be: stained glass windows and rib vaulting.
In both cases, that answer will be wrong: those wonders, on which Gothic cathedrals built their worldwide reputation, are... Romanesque! And they were not just invented and barely tested at the time of Romanesque, they were actually implemented again and again, and perfected along the way over at least one century before Gothic happened. Much more than the definitive breaking point it is often purported to be, the advent of the Gothic was much more a smooth and slow transition, largely calling upon concepts, methods and techniques created and improved during Romanesque times.
As regards stained glass, the oldest still in place is the Ascension Window in the Le Mans Cathedral, which could be as old as Year 1100, possibly 1120–40. The windows in the Augsburg Cathedral in Germany also have a strong claim to the title of oldest Romanesque stained glass window. I hope to be able to photograph all of them some day.
Now, and coming back to our main subject, the rib vaulting (in French: voûte sur croisée d’ogives, or more simply voûte d’ogives), experts agree that, even before the cathedral of Durham in England, it was first experimented in the abbey church of Lessay in Normandy, which stands in the Cotentin peninsula, today the département of Manche. This new, revolutionary vaulting system could be as old as 1090, at least for the apse, choir and transept. Let us remember that this was also the time when other Benedictine monks, in Burgundy, were experimenting the “broken”, or “pointy” Romanesque arch in the Cluny II abbey church, on which construction began in 1088.
The beginning of the nave is also very old, as will be explained below. Its western part may have been built a few decades later, around 1130–40 —but even so, at that time we are still fully within the Romanesque Age, which did not come to an end until 1200 at the earliest —and of course such a clean cutoff date is only symbolic and does not correspond to any actual reality.
The abbey church of Lessay was miraculously saved in the 1950s by Yves-Marie Froidevaux, Chief Architect of Historic Landmarks, after it was severely damaged by the mines detonated by the Nazi army before it retreated after the D-Day landing of June 1944. The restoration Froidevaux carried out, re-using most of the old stones wherever it was possible, today remains an example of a successful and respectful restoration.
Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, this church may look less impressive from the outside than the one in Cerisy, of which I uploaded photos a few days ago. Its apparel is mostly of local shale stones. The cut stones are limestone from Yvetot-Bocage near Valognes, a stone of a lesser quality compared to the famous pierre de Caen, which is also used here, but quite sparsely. Prima facie, this vast church offers more similarities with the humble parochial ones to be found locally in the Cotentin, than with “the great monastic architecture”, as Lucien Musset calls it in the Normandie romane book published by Zodiaque.
As you step inside, however, the architectural and religious message resonates with all its majesty and might. Contrary to Cerisy, this nave retains all of its rows; its perfect proportions are ample, elegant and powerful. They fascinate the first-time visitor.
In the oldest rows of the nave, toward the transept, the ribs fall on “nothing”, for lack of a base or an engaged column to receive them. Such an approximation denotes an incomplete concept, enthusiastically adopted but not yet fully developed.
However remarkable and iconic it may be, owing to the very first use of rib vaulting in human history, the abbey church of Lessay fails to satisfy the lovers of Romanesque sculpture, which is almost absent. This does not come as a surprise in a Norman Romanesque church. Some capitals are sculpted, but they are often the most distant, way up high at triforium level, and the other are only prepared for sculpting, rarely decorated with hooks or gadroons.
The modern stained glass windows were put in place after the ravages of World War II. Somehow their symbolic, leafy motifs, or the more abstract ones as shown here, based on entrelacs, manage to capture, in my opinion, the essence of the Romanesque. They let the “light of the Romanesque” flow in...
ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE
is the critical run
and other emergency art format
CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format
Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel
debate while running .
Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.
www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html
The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates
New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,
Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...
CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because
a debate was necessary here and now.
In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich
part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center
----
Interesting publication for researches on running and art
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.
Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.
Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.
Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.
Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.
Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.
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------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------
curators previous
* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini
* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua
* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo
* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio
* 1972 – Mario Penelope
* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti
* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa
* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio
* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma
* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva
* 1995 – Jean Clair
* 1997 – Germano Celant
* 1999 – Harald Szeemann
* 2001 – Harald Szeemann
* 2003 – Francesco Bonami
* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez
* 2007 – Robert Storr
* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum
* 2011 – Bice Curiger
* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni
* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor
* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]
* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]
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#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork
Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal
venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS
* Dakar
kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער
Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya
Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel
#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist
#artformat #formatart
#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart
emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart
#InstitutionalCritique
#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015
#venicebiennale2019
#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy
#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale
#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday
#biennalevenice
Institutional Critique
Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology
Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic
Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,
Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source
, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary
War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict
Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars
Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text
Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism
Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis
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CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.
Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.
It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...
The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...
Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...
Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .
www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center
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for activating the format or for inviting the installation
please contact 1@colonel.dk
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critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,
Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary
,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat
,now art,copenhagen,denmark
They were invented by the Reverend Jonathan Scobie, an American Baptist minister living in Yokohama, Japan. The first model was built in 1869 in order to transport his handicapped wife. Today it remains as one of the most important modes of transportation in Pakistan used for traveling short distances within cities.
One of the major brands of auto rickshaws is Vespa (an Italian Company). Environment Canada is implementing pilot projects in Lahore, Karachi and Quetta with engine technology developed in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada that uses compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of gasoline in the two-stroke engines, in an effort to combat environmental pollution.
In many cities in Pakistan, there are also motorcycle rickshaws, usually called chand gari (moon car) or qingqi (after the Chinese company who first introduced these to the market).
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Auto rickshaws are locally known as "Tuk Tuk".
It is a cute little ride.It is so small and compact that when ur sitting in it ur knees are actually touching your chin. And u will be amazed to see the number of ppl which can fit in this small thing. They got their name from the sound they make which is “tuk..tuk..tuk tuk….”
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Visit the following link if you're interested to know more about it; this guy has done a good research on them:
pakistaniat.com/2007/08/22/guest-post-pictures-of-the-day...
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8/60...Thank you every1 for your nicest comments and fave!! ..Always come back.:))
In Russian we have a term "dogs cold" meaning very cold. This time it was just about -10C that is more of a norm for a Russian winter, so I'm inventing a new term :))
Бывает холод собачий, а этот был кошачий, ибо не так уж и холодно! :)
I took these two Photographs of a Sedan Delivery Truck during our tour of the World of the Coca Cola Museum. It had the name "Reginald Lee S.A" and "BUENOS AIRES" on the Driver's Door. This 1939 Chevrolet Panel Van (aka: Truck) was specially ordered by the Reginald Lee Family for to use for Deliveries in Buenos Aires, Argentina. On top of the roof, there is another sign in Spanish "BIEN HELADA" which in English means "WELL FROZEN".
Pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca Cola in 1886. The Coca Cola Museum fronts on a small park near the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel where we stayed during our visit to Atlanta. The World of Coca Cola Museum is located at 121 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30313.
In June 2018, my wife & I attended a Family Wedding at the Hilton Garden Inn, 275 Baker Street in Atlanta, Georgia. One end the hallway on the on the 13 Floor (they call it Floor PH) gave me a Great View of the CSX Tracks, while the other end of the hallway gave me a great view of the Skyview Ferris Wheel across the street from Centennial Olympic Park.
Since we were in Atlanta for several days, I had some time to visit the Coca Cola Museum, which was a short 2 blocks away from our Hotel.
* He invented the polarizer, a means whereby the scattered rays of sunlight could be controlled, thus reducing glare. This led to the first Polaroid sunglasses and a lucrative contract with the US military.
* He created the first device that could give the appearance of 3-D images.
* In his lifetime he secured 535 patents, making him perhaps the most prolific inventor since Thomas Edison.
* In 1943 on a family holiday in Santa Fe, he took some photographs of his young daughter. She asked a simple question: "Daddy, how come we have to wait so long to see these pictures?"
That got him thinking and the result was a unique and ingenious process that was to revolutionise photography and make him the true father of instant photography.
www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/land-inst...
His name is Edwin H. Land (1909–1991) and he was a true genius. Over the subsequent decades the Polaroid Corporation became a titan in the industry, rivalling even the great Kodak itself. As the instant film technology improved (it reached its peak in the 1970s with the amazing Polaroid SX-70 a true single lens reflex camera which is still today the gold standard of instant cameras), the profits rolled in. The full story is wonderfully told in this 20 minute video by Todd Dominey.
Polaroid: Edwin Land, Instant Photography and the SX-70 www.youtube.com/watch?v=75oM7hOsx_4&t=6s
When digital photography emerged in the late 90s it seemed to pull the rug out from under the clear advantage that Polaroid and instant photography once had. And it had the added benefit of being low cost, compared to buying relatively expensive Polaroid film. By 2000 Polaroid was on the verge of bankruptcy, and by 2007 it was all over.
But...a group of loyal instant photography aficionados were not about to allow this idea to die. Thus was born The Impossible Project, and with a purchase of the last remaining Polaroid factory and equipment in The Netherlands, they began a painstaking and risky process of re-inventing Polaroid photography. In recent years they have also benefitted by a noticeable desire among young people to experience retro and analog photography. I'll tell this story in more detail tomorrow.
If you've ever taken or held a Polaroid photo in your hands, we have Edwin Land to thank.
The Enigma machine was invented by a German engineer Arthur Scherbius shortly after WW1
The machine (of which a number of varying types were produced) resembled a typewriter. It had a lamp board above the keys with a lamp for each letter. The operator pressed the key for the plaintext letter of the message and the enciphered letter lit up on the lamp board. It was adopted by the German armed forces between 1926 and 1935. The machine contained a series of interchangeable rotors, which rotated every time a key was pressed to keep the cipher changing continuously. This was combined with a plug board on the front of the machine where pairs of letters were transposed, these two systems combined offered 159 million million million possible settings to choose from, which the Germans believed made Enigma unbreakable.
The Poles had broken Enigma in as early as 1932, but in 1939 with the prospect of war, the Poles decided to inform the British of their successes. Dilly Knox, one of the former British World War One Codebreakers, was convinced he could break the system and set up an Enigma Research Section, comprising himself and Tony Kendrick, later joined by Peter Twinn, Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman. They worked in the stable yard at Bletchley Park and that is where the first wartime Enigma messages were broken in January 1940. Enigma traffic continued to be broken routinely at Bletchley Park for the remainder of the war. www.bletchleypark.org.uk/our-story/the-challenge/enigma
Day 186 of 365. Sometimes I stop in the middle of a meal and think. Who invented these meals? I know god provides the ingredients, but who came up with the idea of frying, steaming, marinating, boiling, etc. Who was the first to try and eat an eel, octopus, yam, blowfish, and other exotic plants/animals? I'm sure some of them got sick or even died trying. So, here's to those brave people who made our world a lot more edible & delicious. Cheers!
One of our interns, Wulan, brought these succulent clams from her hometown and cooked us a whole panful of delicious boiled clams. She said her father gathered them himself. Big thanks to Wulan and her father for today's inspiration :)
Another big thanks to Pak Cukat for the help and inspiration on this shoot.
Just crop, text, and sharpening in PS.
Strobist info: 1 SB800+CTB above and slightly behind object (radio trigger, M 1/128), 1 SB800 w/ heavily ductaped straw grid camera left (radio trigger, M 1/128).
I've posted the process here (sorry it's in Indonesian only) : idstrobist.multiply.com/journal/item/45/Under_the_Sea_Seb...
Jonathan Scobie (or Jonathan Goble), an American missionary to Japan, is said to have invented the rickshaw around 1869 to transport his invalid wife through the streets of Yokohama. ~Wiki
I have been thinking of clicking this image ever since I have planned to visit Jamnagar smile emoticon
Jamsaheb or Maharaja RanjitsInhji, Maharaja of Jamnagar (1907-1933) is ironically on horse, while history says that he did exceptionally well on green field than on war field!
He was described as "the Midsummer night's dream of cricket". Unorthodox in technique and with fast reactions, he brought a new style to batting and revolutionised the game. Previously, batsmen had generally pushed forward; he took advantage of the improving quality of pitches in his era and played more on the back foot, both in defence and attack. He is particularly associated with one shot, the leg glance, which he invented or popularised.
The first-class cricket tournament in India, the Ranji Trophy, was named in his honour and inaugurated in 1935 by the Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, WHICH TODAY IS THE GATEWAY TO PARTICIPATE IN INDIA INTERNATIONAL CRICKET TEAM.
Jamnagar is unique hotspot for birding blessed with location on the coast of "Gulf of Kutch". It has unspoilt Islands & Beaches, Hills, Temples, Palaces, Forest, Fantastic Bird life in the Bird & Marine Sanctuaries and Fascinating Corals along the coast! It is known for early morning and late evening winter spectacle of Rosy Starling, seen in the pic.
Epcot's Spaceship Earth.
In the mid fifteenth-century, Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable type printing press. His new device now makes information available to the masses. In the background of this scene we see pressmen sorting paper and setting type while in the foreground, Gutenberg examines a page from the bible he is currently printing. This sheet is an exact replica from the Gutenberg Bible on display at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California.
allears.net/2010/01/17/spaceship-earth-epcots-icon-part-2/
Gutenberg in 1439 was the first European to use movable type. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink for printing books; adjustable molds; mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. The alloy was a mixture of lead, tin, and antimony that melted at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting, cast well, and created a durable type.
Water skiing was invented in 1922 when Ralph Samuelson used a pair of boards as skis and a clothesline as a tow rope on Lake Pepin in Lake City, Minnesota. The sport remained a little-known activity for several years. Then, Samuelson performed shows from Michigan to Florida. In 1966, the American Water Ski Association formally acknowledged Samuelson as the first water skiier on record. Samuelson was also the first ski racer, first to go over a jump ramp, first to slalom ski, and the first to put on a water ski show.[1] He experimented with different positions on the skis for several days until July 2, 1922. Finally, Ralph discovered that leaning backwards in the water with ski tips up and poking out of the water at the tip was optimal. His brother Ben towed him and they reached a speed of 20 miles per hour. Samuelson also achieved the first ski jump on July 8, 1925 using a greased 4 feet (1.2 m) by 16 feet (4.9 m) ramp, making him the first water ski jumper.
this is my gorgeous sister. it's her birthday today and we're having italian out to celebrate her turning 14. it's scary thinking that between those moments of when i leave for college and when i come back to visit, she'll have changed - hopefully not too much though. sometimes i can't quite get use to the fact that things won't ever be the same as they are now.
hit L please
Ah the golden days of the 60s when traffic jams had not been invented. Think again, Woolwich Road, Greeniwich seen in 1968.
Something had happened in the Blackwall Tunnel, although the second tunnel opened a year earlier the approach road had not been completed.
The vehicles of a couple of old SE London firms can be seen. RACS and soft drinks firm Macintosh.
May 1968.
rolleiflex 2.8c
planar 80 2.8
rollei panorama thingy
pan f 50
xtol 1:1 8m
ala moana beach park
honolulu hawaii
taken July 3rd, in the right hand shot you can see the tents; folks are staking out a place on the beach for the fireworks show tonight.
getting the three pics to line up is maddening! especially when there are lines of convergence.
there are a couple of more compositions I'm gonna try out before moving on.
to the next great thing...
Eu sou criança. E vou crescer assim. Gosto de abraçar apertado, sentir alegria inteira, inventar mundos, inventar amores. O simples me faz rir, o complicado me aborrece. O mundo pra mim é grande, não entendo como moro em um planeta que gira sem parar, nem como funciona o fax. Verdade seja dita: entender, eu entendo. Mas não faz diferença, os dias passam rápido, existe a tal gravidade, papéis entram e saem de máquinas, ninguém sabe ao certo quem descobriu a cor. (Têm coisas que não precisam ser explicadas. Pelo menos para mim). Tenho um coração maior do que eu, nunca sei a minha altura, tenho o tamanho de um sonho. E o sonho escreve a minha vida que às vezes eu risco, rabisco, embolo e jogo debaixo da cama (pra descansar a alma e dormir sossegada).
Coragem eu tenho um monte. Mas medo eu tenho poucos. Tenho medo de Jornal Nacional, de lagartixa branca, de maionese vencida, tenho medo das pessoas, tenho medo de mim. Minha bagunça mora aqui dentro, pensamentos dormem e acordam, nunca sei a hora certa. Mas uma coisa eu digo: eu não paro. Perco o rumo, ralo o joelho, bato de frente com a cara na porta: sei aonde quero chegar, mesmo sem saber como. E vou. Sempre me pergunto quanto falta, se está perto, com que letra começa, se vai ter fim, se vai dar certo. Sempre questiono se você está feliz, se eu estou bonita, se vou ganhar estrelinha, se posso levar pra casa, se eu posso te levar pra mim. Não gosto de meias-palavras, de gente morna, nem de amar em silêncio. Aprendi que palavra é igual oração: tem que ser inteira senão perde a força. E força não há de faltar porque – aqui dentro – eu carrego o meu mundo. Sou menina levada, sou criança crescida com contas para pagar. E mesmo pequena, não deixo de crescer. Trabalho igual gente grande, fico séria, traço metas. Mas quando chega a hora do recreio, aí vou eu... Escrevo escondido, faço manha, tomo sorvete no pote, choro quando dói, choro quando não dói. E eu amo. Amo igual criança. Amo com os olhos vidrados, amo com todas as letras. A-M-O. Sem restrições. Sem medo. Sem frases cortadas. Quer me entender? Não precisa. Quer me fazer feliz? Me dê um chocolate, um bilhete, um brinde que você ganhou e não gostou, uma mentira bonita pra me fazer sonhar. Não importa. Todo dia é dia de ser criança e criança não liga pra preço, pra laço de fita e cartão com relevo. Criança gosta mesmo é de beijo, abraço e surpresa!
__ Fernanda Mello
Todos os direitos reservados ©
@ the former Industrial School of Liège
Zénobe Théophile Gramme was a Belgian electrical engineer. He was born at Jehay-Bodegnée on 4 April 1826, the sixth child of Mathieu-Joseph Gramme, and died at Bois-Colombes on 20 January 1901. He invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother (less AC) and much higher voltages than the dynamos known to that point.
This is what my Wife and I saw after we finished our Tour of the World of Coca Cola Museum during our stay in Atlanta Georgia. The Photograph shows the Georgia Aquarium, one building of which, is shaped like a Ship. The Sign on the Bow says: "#1 IN U.S."
The Aquarium is located at 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313, next to the Hilton Inn Garden (Hotel) and it occupies 13 Acres. It is directly across from a Small Park fronting on Baker Street.
Pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca Cola in 1886. The Coca Cola Museum fronts on a small park near the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel where we stayed during our visit to Atlanta. The World of Coca Cola Museum is located at 121 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30313.
In June 2018, my wife & I attended a Family Wedding at the Hilton Garden Inn, 275 Baker Street NW in Atlanta, Georgia. One end the hallway on the on the 13 Floor (they call it Floor PH) gave me a Great View of the CSX Tracks, while the other end of the hallway gave me a great view of the Skyview Ferris Wheel across the street from Centennial Olympic Park.
Since we were in Atlanta for several days, I had some time to visit the Coca Cola Museum, which was a short 2 blocks away from our Hotel.
"These giant steel cobs will be invented in a city that will be called Chicago. France's Louisiana territory will become America at a bargain basement price, thanks to the foresight of Jefferson and the generosity of our French friends. Your funding of the American Revolution will help build all of this and more.
Pass the butter, please."
–Words that my vivid imagination puts in the mouth of George Washington's statue, the one in the center
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Statues left to right: Robert Morris, George Washington, and Haym Salomon in Herald Square, downtown Chicago
Sculptor: Lorado Taft
Chicago remembers the two principal financiers of the American Revolution–Robert Morris and Haym Salomon
Ask around what are the two most iconic symbols of Gothic architecture and art, and the answer will likely be: stained glass windows and rib vaulting.
In both cases, that answer will be wrong: those wonders, on which Gothic cathedrals built their worldwide reputation, are... Romanesque! And they were not just invented and barely tested at the time of Romanesque, they were actually implemented again and again, and perfected along the way over at least one century before Gothic happened. Much more than the definitive breaking point it is often purported to be, the advent of the Gothic was much more a smooth and slow transition, largely calling upon concepts, methods and techniques created and improved during Romanesque times.
As regards stained glass, the oldest still in place is the Ascension Window in the Le Mans Cathedral, which could be as old as Year 1100, possibly 1120–40. The windows in the Augsburg Cathedral in Germany also have a strong claim to the title of oldest Romanesque stained glass window. I hope to be able to photograph all of them some day.
Now, and coming back to our main subject, the rib vaulting (in French: voûte sur croisée d’ogives, or more simply voûte d’ogives), experts agree that, even before the cathedral of Durham in England, it was first experimented in the abbey church of Lessay in Normandy, which stands in the Cotentin peninsula, today the département of Manche. This new, revolutionary vaulting system could be as old as 1090, at least for the apse, choir and transept. Let us remember that this was also the time when other Benedictine monks, in Burgundy, were experimenting the “broken”, or “pointy” Romanesque arch in the Cluny II abbey church, on which construction began in 1088.
The beginning of the nave is also very old, as will be explained below. Its western part may have been built a few decades later, around 1130–40 —but even so, at that time we are still fully within the Romanesque Age, which did not come to an end until 1200 at the earliest —and of course such a clean cutoff date is only symbolic and does not correspond to any actual reality.
The abbey church of Lessay was miraculously saved in the 1950s by Yves-Marie Froidevaux, Chief Architect of Historic Landmarks, after it was severely damaged by the mines detonated by the Nazi army before it retreated after the D-Day landing of June 1944. The restoration Froidevaux carried out, re-using most of the old stones wherever it was possible, today remains an example of a successful and respectful restoration.
Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, this church may look les impressive from the outside than the one in Cerisy, of which I uploaded photos a few days ago. Its apparel is mostly of local shale stones. The cut stones are limestone from Yvetot-Bocage near Valognes, a stone of a lesser quality compared to the famous pierre de Caen, which is also used here, but quite sparsely. Prima facie, this vast church offers more similarities with the humble parochial ones to be found locally in the Cotentin, than with “the great monastic architecture”, as Lucien Musset calls it in the Normandie romane book published by Zodiaque.
As you step inside, however, the architectural and religious message resonates with all its majesty and might. Contrary to Cerisy, this nave retains all of its rows; its perfect proportions are ample, elegant and powerful. They fascinate the first-time visitor.
In the oldest rows of the nave, toward the transept, the ribs fall on “nothing”, for lack of a base or an engaged column to receive them. Such an approximation denotes an incomplete concept, enthusiastically adopted but not yet fully developed.
However remarkable and iconic it may be, owing to the very first use of rib vaulting in human history, the abbey church of Lessay fails to satisfy the lovers of Romanesque sculpture, which is almost absent. This does not come as a surprise in a Norman Romanesque church. Some capitals are sculpted, but they are often the most distant, way up high at triforium level, and the other are only prepared for sculpting, rarely decorated with hooks or gadroons.
The apse with its cul-de-four vaulting and its ten stained glass windows. Those are of course modern, the old ones having been destroyed during World War II.
The capitals here are sculpted, but in a very basic and, let’s be honest, rather unskilled manner, as you will see if you zoom into the photo. Well, this is Romanesque Normandy for you!
Ti Vorrei Sollevare - Elisa
"..vorrei viaggiare su ali di carta con te
sapere inventare
sentire il vento che soffia
e non nasconderci se ci fa spostare
quando persi sotto tante stelle
ci chiediamo cosa siamo venuti a fare
cos'è l'amore
stringiamoci più forte ancora
teniamoci vicino al cuore .."
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7q0skpXPIs
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Hay que inventar respiraciones nuevas...
Hay que inventar respiraciones nuevas.
Respiraciones que no sólo consuman el aire,
sino que además lo enriquezcan
y hasta lo liberen
de ciertas combinaciones taciturnas.
Respiraciones que inhalen además
las ondas y los ritmos,
la fragancia secreta del tiempo
y su disolución entre la bruma.
Respiraciones que acompañen
a aquel que las respire.
Respiraciones hacia adentro del sueño,
del amor y la muerte.
Y para eso hay que inventar un nuevo aire,
unos pulmones más fervientes
y un pensamiento que pueda respirarse.
Y si aún faltara algo,
habría que inventar también
otra forma más concreta del hombre.
A.J
Brisbane, Australia
“Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint. Give me two and they'll fall in love. Give me three and they'll invent the charming thing we call 'society'. Give me four and they'll build a pyramid. Give me five and they'll make one an outcast. Give me six and they'll reinvent prejudice. Give me seven and in seven years they'll reinvent warfare. Man may have been made in the image of God, but human society was made in the image of His opposite number, and is always trying to get back home.”
― Stephen King, The Stand
I took these Two Photographs of Displays at the World of Coca Cola Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. The World of Beverage Choices is a vast collection of Products manufactured & Sold by the Company over the Years.
Pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca Cola in 1886. The Coca Cola Museum fronts on a small park near the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel where we stayed during our visit to Atlanta. The World of Coca Cola Museum is located at 121 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30313.
In June 2018, my wife & I attended a Family Wedding at the Hilton Garden Inn, 275 Baker Street in Atlanta, Georgia. One end the hallway on the on the 13 Floor (they call it Floor PH) gave me a Great View of the CSX Tracks, while the other end of the hallway gave me a great view of the Skyview Ferris Wheel across the street from Centennial Olympic Park.
Since we were in Atlanta for several days, I had some time to visit the Coca Cola Museum, which was a short 2 blocks away from our Hotel.
TRUMP didn't invent Mexico fences. The Liberal Hypocrite have been erecting fences a long time ago! Under Obama administration several fences have secretly been built, but he was not honest enough to say it…
A woman talks to her relatives across a fence separating Mexico and the United States, in Tijuana, Mexico, November 12, 2016.
Courtesy REUTERS/Jorge Duenes - more fences
www.reuters.com/news/picture/the-us-mexico-border-now?art...