View allAll Photos Tagged Internalizing
Andrew Wyeth - 1917 - 2009
______________________________________________
The watercolors in this show reflect Andrew Wyeth’s career-long project of transforming his subjects into forceful and compelling meditations on how we conceptualize what we see. The visual power of each painting relies on simple contrasts between dark and light. Much like ancient Chinese calligraphy or modern abstract expressionist techniques, Wyeth’s intuitive, efficient brushstrokes internalize the dynamic energy of gesture as they simultaneously define and anchor each composition’s overall structural framework. The viewer’s eye sees only what is necessary to construct meaning from experience.
Inspired as a teenager by the watercolors of Winslow Homer, Wyeth struggled to replicate the master’s rendering of atmospheric effects. In 1937, only one year after painting Tending the Net, Wyeth enjoyed commercial success with a sold-out exhibition of watercolors in New York City. By that time he had abandoned Homer’s tidy realism for a more expressive, color-saturated style. The work exhibited here exemplifies the maturing artist’s restless experimentation with paint application and texture that ultimately achieved an emotional status for the most mundane objects and environments.
Age: 201–182 Ma
Liassic sediment
Early Jurassic Epoch
Jurassic Period – A time dominated by dinosaurs, characterised by lush vegetation, abundant marine reptiles, ammonites, and the evolution of early birds.
Mesozoic Era – The age of dinosaurs
Location:
Near Boggle Hole
Robin Hood’s Bay
Yorkshire Coast
England
Rock Type:
Redcar Mudstone Formation
Species:
Belemnites cylindricus is an extinct species of belemnite, a group of marine cephalopods related to modern squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish. Belemnites, part of the subclass Coleoidea, bridge the gap between ancient, externally shelled ammonites and nautiloids, and modern, soft-bodied coleoid cephalopods.
The anatomy of Belemnites cylindricus was adapted for life in the open seas. Its fossilised guard, or rostrum, represents the posterior portion of the internal skeleton. The guard is dense and bullet-shaped, providing ballast to aid in stabilisation during swimming. Another important feature of the skeleton is the phragmacone, a conical, chambered structure located at the anterior end of the guard. The phragmacone housed gas-filled chambers that helped regulate buoyancy, enabling the animal to maintain its position in the water column.
Belemnites cylindricus is characterised by an elongated, cylindrical guard with a smooth surface and a tapering apex, typically ranging between 5 and 15 centimetres in length. Fossils of this species often show both the guard and the phragmacone, though occasional tentacle impressions and more are found.
Belemnites cylindricus was a skilled predator, preying on small fish and crustaceans. It possessed 10 tentacles, two of which were longer and equipped with hooks for grasping prey, much like modern squids have. Like modern cephalopods, it used jet propulsion, expelling water through a siphon for rapid movement, and had an ink sac for defence, releasing clouds of ink to confuse predators.
From an evolutionary perspective, belemnites represent an intermediate step in the development of coleoid cephalopods. Unlike their ammonite and nautiloid relatives, they had completely internalised their shell, a feature retained in modified forms in modern squids and cuttlefish. This adaptation reduced drag and made them more agile swimmers. Belemnites cylindricus was part of the family Belemnitidae, which thrived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods before becoming extinct in the Late Cretaceous mass extinction.
The widespread distribution of Belemnites cylindricus and its abundance in Jurassic sediments make it a valuable biostratigraphic marker, aiding geologists in dating and correlating rock layers.
A cephalopod is a member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes creatures like squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses, ammonites, orthocones, and belemnites. These exclusively marine animals are known for their bilateral body symmetry, prominent heads, and arms or tentacles—muscular hydrostats derived from the primitive molluscan foot.
Cephalopods first became dominant during the Ordovician period, primarily represented by primitive nautiloids. Today, the class includes two distantly related extant subclasses: Coleoidea (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) and Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus). In coleoids, the shell is internalized or absent, while nautiloids retain their external shells. There are approximately 800 living species of cephalopods, with an estimated 11,000 extinct species. Some well-known extinct groups include Ammonoidea (ammonites) and Belemnoidea (belemnites). Because many cephalopods are soft-bodied, they are not easily fossilized.
Cephalopods are exclusively marine and have never adapted to freshwater habitats, likely due to biochemical constraints. They are widely regarded as the most intelligent of all invertebrates, possessing highly developed senses and large brains—larger than those of their molluscan relatives, the gastropods. The cephalopod nervous system is the most complex among invertebrates, and their brain-to-body mass ratio falls between those of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
With the exception of the Nautilidae and certain deep-sea octopuses (suborder Cirrina), all known cephalopods possess an ink sac, which they use to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular extension of the hindgut, releasing almost pure melanin mixed with mucus to form a thick, smokescreen-like cloud. The ink is ejected via their funnel, using the same water jet propulsion system employed for locomotion. Early cephalopods likely produced jets by retracting their bodies into their shells, as Nautilus still does today.
The evolution of cephalopods is believed to have begun in the Late Cambrian, likely from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor with a curved, tapering shell, closely related to gastropods. The development of the siphuncle, a tube-like structure, allowed early cephalopods to fill their shells with gas, achieving buoyancy and differentiating them from putative ancestors like Knightoconus, which lacked a siphuncle. This buoyancy enabled cephalopods to rise off the seafloor and eventually develop jet propulsion, which furthered their evolution as top predators.
After the late Cambrian extinction, cephalopods diversified significantly during the Ordovician, filling newly available predatory niches and becoming a dominant presence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic seas. Initially, their range was limited to shallow, sublittoral regions in the low latitudes, often in association with thrombolites. Over time, they adopted a more pelagic lifestyle. By the mid-Ordovician, some cephalopods developed septa strong enough to withstand deeper water pressures, allowing them to inhabit depths greater than 100–200 meters.
The direction of shell coiling became a crucial evolutionary trait. Endogastric coiling, in which the ventral (lower) side is concave, limited size expansion, while exogastric coiling, where the ventral side is convex, allowed the large spiral shells familiar in fossil records. Ancient cephalopods, unlike most modern species, had protective shells. These early shells were straight and conical but later evolved into curved nautiloid shapes similar to modern Nautilus.
Competition from fish during evolutionary history is thought to have driven shelled cephalopods into deeper waters, exerting pressure towards shell loss. This adaptation gave rise to modern coleoids, which, despite losing buoyancy, gained greater maneuverability, allowing them to re-colonize shallow waters. Some straight-shelled nautiloids eventually evolved into belemnites, which in turn evolved into squid and cuttlefish. The loss of the shell may also have been a response to evolutionary pressures for increased mobility, giving cephalopods a more fish-like behavior.
.
.
A Call for Holding Elections of Students Representatives .
to JNUs Statutory Bodies in the Current Semester .
The Value Of JNUs Elections .
Elections in JNU were never a token means of choosing representatives. Instead, they were marked by dialogue, discussion and heated debate. Every year, in the run-up to the elections, the outgoing JNUSU would conduct General Body Meetings where students aired their views and elected an Election Committee. In October, when the term of the union would expire, the JNUSU would step down and the next elections would begin. The entire election process --- from the school-level debates to the casting of votes --- was conducted by an Election Committee chosen from among the students themselves. Faculty members and the administration had absolutely no role to play. Financial transparency was strictly ensured and even the threat of violence was dealt with by disenfranchisement. Once the elections began, there was little else to talk about. And for nearly two weeks, the campus was transformed. .
For over two years now, this campus has been without elections. Two batches of JNU students have come and gone without seeing elections, and a third such batch enters campus this year. .
.
The Agenda Of The Lyngdoh Recommendations .
The facts surrounding the matter are by now well known: of how, in October 2008, as elections for the JNU Students Union (JNUSU) were underway, the Supreme Court struck down hard, imposing a stay on our elections. The reason for this stay was supposed non-compliance with the Lyngdoh Committee Recommendations. But the perceived violations have nothing to do with money or muscle power. Rather, they are a series of technicalities that lay bare the very politics behind the report. The Lyngdoh report places an age-limit for students contesting elections; it limits the number of times a candidate can stand (regardless of whether s/he loses or wins); it states that political groups cannot be involved in elections; and that in the organization of elections, the university administration must have a central role to play. All these conditions are unacceptable in JNU where we have had a system that is participatory, democratic, ideological and independent. .
The agenda of the Lyngdoh Recommendations is to quell the student movement. It is to prevent student unions from raising their voices against the ruling-class agenda of privatization, commercialization and corporatization in education. For education to become a private fiefdom and a source of corporate profit, students must be silenced and their unions must go. .
.
Facing The Challenge Of The Lyngdoh Report .
The students of JNU and the Joint Struggle Committee (formed in the wake of stay on JNUSU elections in Oct 2008) have challenged the court order through means both political and legal. Ours has been one of the few effective interventions put forward to challenge these recommendations. The questions raised both on democratic validity of these recommendations as well as larger issues of judicial activism and accountability eventually led the matter to be referred to a Constitution Bench. More than two years later, the matter is still pending and the stay continues. .
For us, the struggle against the Lyngdoh Recommendations represents an ongoing political battle. We have no illusions that the problems confronting us are specific to JNU alone. In campuses across the country, a state of undeclared emergency prevails. Students have no basic rights, they are oppressed by the writ of the administration, fees and other user-charges rise rapidly, and even simple protests are met with harsh punishment. To accept the Lyngdoh Recommendations would be to give up our right to an effective and independent union, to the basic rights of self-expression and democratic protest. .
The long-term struggle that confronts us is to restore the strength of an effective student union in the face of the outright neo-liberal assault, and we must rise to meet this challenge with all our strength and creativity. AISA has always given its full support to the programmes of the Joint Struggle Committee (JSC) and even now we call upon the JSC to take forward the struggle for upholding the JNUSU elections in all ways. .
.
Struggles That The Student Community Has Won .
At the present juncture, no one would deny the urgent necessity to conduct elections. The last two years on campus have been marked by a vacuum that has rarely been felt before. It is true that the student community has waged and won many struggles, even in the absence of a fully functional union. These struggles --- whether the overturning of a slew of commercialization proposals in 2009 or the ongoing battle for the correct implementation of OBC reservations --- have been fought by the student community on a day-to-day basis, and have been clinched by the might of student participation and political unity. Such agitations reflect the level of political understanding and maturity of the students of JNU. They have shown all of us and the world at large that the social commitment and political culture of JNU students cannot be crushed by the machinations of the government or its pliant administration; it is an internalized and everyday part of our lives. .
.
How Decision-Making Bodies Have Been Undermined Over Time .
But at the same time, as the attack of the state and the administration grows more vicious, the absence of student representation in various statutory bodies of the university is costing us dearly. For instance, let us take the case of GSCASH. The Gender Sensitization Committee Against Sexual Harassment (GSCASH) is a statutory body, formed after a prolonged student struggle against sexual harassment on campus. It is also completely in keeping with the orders of the Supreme Court in the Visakha judgment. However, for two years now, elections for student representatives to GSCASH have not been held, and in the absence of student representation, the committee is suffering from serious handicaps. .
Similarly, in the last two years, through its arbitrary and undemocratic exercise of power, the JNU Administration has repeatedly done all it can to keep students out of key decision-making bodies. The repeated attempts made by the Dean of Students to clamp down on the student community --- whether through the infamous circular of April 2010 putting curbs on public meetings and freedom of expression or the persistent attempts to tamper with the democratic functioning of hostels and messes --- are a case in point. The most shocking example of the administrations attempts to subvert the key decision-making bodies of the university was seen recently when it unilaterally reversed the decision of the Deans Committee and the Academic Council and went back to its illegal and casteist implementation of OBC reservations in JNUs admissions. .
Such moves by the JNU Administration over the past two years represent attacks on the very foundation of JNU as a university. They willfully seek to undermine our progressive traditions, our participative institutions, our democratic processes that have been built up and upheld over so many years. When the university seeks to deny student participation, when it comes to believe that it rules the university, it becomes all the more necessary for students to assert their rights. In such a situation, legitimate student representation becomes a necessity. .
.
Student Representation in Statutory Bodies: Academic Council, Board of Studies, GSCASH .
Since the struggle for restoring JNUSU is a prolonged one, there are certain rights available to us which must be accessed in current political conditions. This includes representation in various statutory bodies of the university. Statutes 15(1)(x), 15(5), 18(3)(vii) and 18(7) of the JNU Act guarantee student representation in the Academic Council / Board of Studies / Special Committees of the university. For many years and for many reasons, the university did little to implement these P.T.O. .
.
.
.
In these pictures I played music and asked my friends to set the mood of the photograph by internalizing how the songs made them feel. "Why Georgia"-John Mayer
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
Age: 201–182 Ma
Liassic sediment
Early Jurassic Epoch
Jurassic Period – A time dominated by dinosaurs, characterised by lush vegetation, abundant marine reptiles, ammonites, and the evolution of early birds.
Mesozoic Era – The age of dinosaurs
Location:
Near Boggle Hole
Robin Hood’s Bay
Yorkshire Coast
England
Rock Type:
Redcar Mudstone Formation
Species:
Belemnites cylindricus is an extinct species of belemnite, a group of marine cephalopods related to modern squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish. Belemnites, part of the subclass Coleoidea, bridge the gap between ancient, externally shelled ammonites and nautiloids, and modern, soft-bodied coleoid cephalopods.
The anatomy of Belemnites cylindricus was adapted for life in the open seas. Its fossilised guard, or rostrum, represents the posterior portion of the internal skeleton. The guard is dense and bullet-shaped, providing ballast to aid in stabilisation during swimming. Another important feature of the skeleton is the phragmacone, a conical, chambered structure located at the anterior end of the guard. The phragmacone housed gas-filled chambers that helped regulate buoyancy, enabling the animal to maintain its position in the water column.
Belemnites cylindricus is characterised by an elongated, cylindrical guard with a smooth surface and a tapering apex, typically ranging between 5 and 15 centimetres in length. Fossils of this species often show both the guard and the phragmacone, though occasional tentacle impressions and more are found.
Belemnites cylindricus was a skilled predator, preying on small fish and crustaceans. It possessed 10 tentacles, two of which were longer and equipped with hooks for grasping prey, much like modern squids have. Like modern cephalopods, it used jet propulsion, expelling water through a siphon for rapid movement, and had an ink sac for defence, releasing clouds of ink to confuse predators.
From an evolutionary perspective, belemnites represent an intermediate step in the development of coleoid cephalopods. Unlike their ammonite and nautiloid relatives, they had completely internalised their shell, a feature retained in modified forms in modern squids and cuttlefish. This adaptation reduced drag and made them more agile swimmers. Belemnites cylindricus was part of the family Belemnitidae, which thrived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods before becoming extinct in the Late Cretaceous mass extinction.
The widespread distribution of Belemnites cylindricus and its abundance in Jurassic sediments make it a valuable biostratigraphic marker, aiding geologists in dating and correlating rock layers.
A cephalopod is a member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes creatures like squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses, ammonites, orthocones, and belemnites. These exclusively marine animals are known for their bilateral body symmetry, prominent heads, and arms or tentacles—muscular hydrostats derived from the primitive molluscan foot.
Cephalopods first became dominant during the Ordovician period, primarily represented by primitive nautiloids. Today, the class includes two distantly related extant subclasses: Coleoidea (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) and Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus). In coleoids, the shell is internalized or absent, while nautiloids retain their external shells. There are approximately 800 living species of cephalopods, with an estimated 11,000 extinct species. Some well-known extinct groups include Ammonoidea (ammonites) and Belemnoidea (belemnites). Because many cephalopods are soft-bodied, they are not easily fossilized.
Cephalopods are exclusively marine and have never adapted to freshwater habitats, likely due to biochemical constraints. They are widely regarded as the most intelligent of all invertebrates, possessing highly developed senses and large brains—larger than those of their molluscan relatives, the gastropods. The cephalopod nervous system is the most complex among invertebrates, and their brain-to-body mass ratio falls between those of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
With the exception of the Nautilidae and certain deep-sea octopuses (suborder Cirrina), all known cephalopods possess an ink sac, which they use to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular extension of the hindgut, releasing almost pure melanin mixed with mucus to form a thick, smokescreen-like cloud. The ink is ejected via their funnel, using the same water jet propulsion system employed for locomotion. Early cephalopods likely produced jets by retracting their bodies into their shells, as Nautilus still does today.
The evolution of cephalopods is believed to have begun in the Late Cambrian, likely from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor with a curved, tapering shell, closely related to gastropods. The development of the siphuncle, a tube-like structure, allowed early cephalopods to fill their shells with gas, achieving buoyancy and differentiating them from putative ancestors like Knightoconus, which lacked a siphuncle. This buoyancy enabled cephalopods to rise off the seafloor and eventually develop jet propulsion, which furthered their evolution as top predators.
After the late Cambrian extinction, cephalopods diversified significantly during the Ordovician, filling newly available predatory niches and becoming a dominant presence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic seas. Initially, their range was limited to shallow, sublittoral regions in the low latitudes, often in association with thrombolites. Over time, they adopted a more pelagic lifestyle. By the mid-Ordovician, some cephalopods developed septa strong enough to withstand deeper water pressures, allowing them to inhabit depths greater than 100–200 meters.
The direction of shell coiling became a crucial evolutionary trait. Endogastric coiling, in which the ventral (lower) side is concave, limited size expansion, while exogastric coiling, where the ventral side is convex, allowed the large spiral shells familiar in fossil records. Ancient cephalopods, unlike most modern species, had protective shells. These early shells were straight and conical but later evolved into curved nautiloid shapes similar to modern Nautilus.
Competition from fish during evolutionary history is thought to have driven shelled cephalopods into deeper waters, exerting pressure towards shell loss. This adaptation gave rise to modern coleoids, which, despite losing buoyancy, gained greater maneuverability, allowing them to re-colonize shallow waters. Some straight-shelled nautiloids eventually evolved into belemnites, which in turn evolved into squid and cuttlefish. The loss of the shell may also have been a response to evolutionary pressures for increased mobility, giving cephalopods a more fish-like behavior.
Little Mermaid - Undersea Adventure at Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, CA
This is a depiction of how young children internalize Disney's portrayal of what a wedding is composed of.
Age: 201–182 Ma
Liassic sediment
Early Jurassic Epoch
Jurassic Period – A time dominated by dinosaurs, characterised by lush vegetation, abundant marine reptiles, ammonites, and the evolution of early birds.
Mesozoic Era – The age of dinosaurs
Location:
Near Boggle Hole
Robin Hood’s Bay
Yorkshire Coast
England
Rock Type:
Redcar Mudstone Formation
Species:
Belemnites cylindricus is an extinct species of belemnite, a group of marine cephalopods related to modern squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish. Belemnites, part of the subclass Coleoidea, bridge the gap between ancient, externally shelled ammonites and nautiloids, and modern, soft-bodied coleoid cephalopods.
The anatomy of Belemnites cylindricus was adapted for life in the open seas. Its fossilised guard, or rostrum, represents the posterior portion of the internal skeleton. The guard is dense and bullet-shaped, providing ballast to aid in stabilisation during swimming. Another important feature of the skeleton is the phragmacone, a conical, chambered structure located at the anterior end of the guard. The phragmacone housed gas-filled chambers that helped regulate buoyancy, enabling the animal to maintain its position in the water column.
Belemnites cylindricus is characterised by an elongated, cylindrical guard with a smooth surface and a tapering apex, typically ranging between 5 and 15 centimetres in length. Fossils of this species often show both the guard and the phragmacone, though occasional tentacle impressions and more are found.
Belemnites cylindricus was a skilled predator, preying on small fish and crustaceans. It possessed 10 tentacles, two of which were longer and equipped with hooks for grasping prey, much like modern squids have. Like modern cephalopods, it used jet propulsion, expelling water through a siphon for rapid movement, and had an ink sac for defence, releasing clouds of ink to confuse predators.
From an evolutionary perspective, belemnites represent an intermediate step in the development of coleoid cephalopods. Unlike their ammonite and nautiloid relatives, they had completely internalised their shell, a feature retained in modified forms in modern squids and cuttlefish. This adaptation reduced drag and made them more agile swimmers. Belemnites cylindricus was part of the family Belemnitidae, which thrived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods before becoming extinct in the Late Cretaceous mass extinction.
The widespread distribution of Belemnites cylindricus and its abundance in Jurassic sediments make it a valuable biostratigraphic marker, aiding geologists in dating and correlating rock layers.
A cephalopod is a member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes creatures like squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses, ammonites, orthocones, and belemnites. These exclusively marine animals are known for their bilateral body symmetry, prominent heads, and arms or tentacles—muscular hydrostats derived from the primitive molluscan foot.
Cephalopods first became dominant during the Ordovician period, primarily represented by primitive nautiloids. Today, the class includes two distantly related extant subclasses: Coleoidea (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) and Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus). In coleoids, the shell is internalized or absent, while nautiloids retain their external shells. There are approximately 800 living species of cephalopods, with an estimated 11,000 extinct species. Some well-known extinct groups include Ammonoidea (ammonites) and Belemnoidea (belemnites). Because many cephalopods are soft-bodied, they are not easily fossilized.
Cephalopods are exclusively marine and have never adapted to freshwater habitats, likely due to biochemical constraints. They are widely regarded as the most intelligent of all invertebrates, possessing highly developed senses and large brains—larger than those of their molluscan relatives, the gastropods. The cephalopod nervous system is the most complex among invertebrates, and their brain-to-body mass ratio falls between those of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
With the exception of the Nautilidae and certain deep-sea octopuses (suborder Cirrina), all known cephalopods possess an ink sac, which they use to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular extension of the hindgut, releasing almost pure melanin mixed with mucus to form a thick, smokescreen-like cloud. The ink is ejected via their funnel, using the same water jet propulsion system employed for locomotion. Early cephalopods likely produced jets by retracting their bodies into their shells, as Nautilus still does today.
The evolution of cephalopods is believed to have begun in the Late Cambrian, likely from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor with a curved, tapering shell, closely related to gastropods. The development of the siphuncle, a tube-like structure, allowed early cephalopods to fill their shells with gas, achieving buoyancy and differentiating them from putative ancestors like Knightoconus, which lacked a siphuncle. This buoyancy enabled cephalopods to rise off the seafloor and eventually develop jet propulsion, which furthered their evolution as top predators.
After the late Cambrian extinction, cephalopods diversified significantly during the Ordovician, filling newly available predatory niches and becoming a dominant presence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic seas. Initially, their range was limited to shallow, sublittoral regions in the low latitudes, often in association with thrombolites. Over time, they adopted a more pelagic lifestyle. By the mid-Ordovician, some cephalopods developed septa strong enough to withstand deeper water pressures, allowing them to inhabit depths greater than 100–200 meters.
The direction of shell coiling became a crucial evolutionary trait. Endogastric coiling, in which the ventral (lower) side is concave, limited size expansion, while exogastric coiling, where the ventral side is convex, allowed the large spiral shells familiar in fossil records. Ancient cephalopods, unlike most modern species, had protective shells. These early shells were straight and conical but later evolved into curved nautiloid shapes similar to modern Nautilus.
Competition from fish during evolutionary history is thought to have driven shelled cephalopods into deeper waters, exerting pressure towards shell loss. This adaptation gave rise to modern coleoids, which, despite losing buoyancy, gained greater maneuverability, allowing them to re-colonize shallow waters. Some straight-shelled nautiloids eventually evolved into belemnites, which in turn evolved into squid and cuttlefish. The loss of the shell may also have been a response to evolutionary pressures for increased mobility, giving cephalopods a more fish-like behavior.
International Business School and Information Technology is a well reputed, innovative and entrepreneurial management business school in India. IBSIT programs have internalized the main phenomena influencing business education today: the globalization of management; the impact of new technologies on the learning process; bizitschool.com/
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
There is an opportunity when engaging with a work of art, to form an intimate connection with something
new, important, and or forgotten. Alanna and I, as the artists were fortunate enough to experience this connection
through the process of creation. How can we invite everyone else into this experience? How can we translate the
metaphysical intensity of nature for all to feel and grasp in the physical world? All the artist can do is form a natural
and authentic connection with the piece, a relationship where both the artist and work are expected and
encouraged to grow. To grow and learn, is to let die and regrow, it’s rebirth. Letting a preconceived idea of
something we thought to be true, die, is painful, because to be right is to feel safe and in control and to be wrong is
to be in chaos. We suffer more when we resist, when we cling to the need for control. But nature is quite chaotic,
and there isn’t anything we can do to stop its cycle so we ought to let go, accept, and surrender to the path of least
resistance.
This piece reflects and dives into the interconnection of nature, relationships, and intimacy. The biomorphic
form made for a canvas that is already speaking, having a need to be listened and responded to. There’s a
navigation between when to let nature take the wheel and when to take control. Flaws come from moments where
the wrong choice was made at the wrong time, caused by resistance, flaws later to be made intentional. Moments
of beauty come from the right choice at the right time, through listening, accepting, and extenuating forms already
present. The piece asks to come close and hold it, to notice these moments in every detail. Holding the two broken
halves together at first felt like an inescapable cliche of holding together a damaged relationship, but quickly
became internalized as opposed to dismissed. The cracked nature of the piece was nothing that could be changed,
leaving a trail of tension. A tension and duality between physical body/matter and the metaphysical feeling/energy,
between self conscious and self aware, between order and chaos. Duality is rooted in nature. Having two sides
allows us to navigate between, bringing awareness to our relationships; with self, others, nature, or any other place
a bond of intimacy can be formed.
.
But this struggle has become all the more protracted with some of the earlier opponents of capital and corporates, like the CPI[M] who promised to rally people under the red flag, now choosing to turn this very red flag into a red carpet for corporate interests. In all the states where it is ruling, the CPM has chosen to implement and promote the corporate agenda, often at gun point, whether in Singur, Nandigram and recently in Chengara. On campus, in a shameless display of double standards, SFI has emerged as the defender of the brutal policies of the CPM, even while maintaining a ritual rhetoric against the neo-liberal assault. Not just in actions, the CPI[M] has internalized this corporate commonsense to such an extent that it justifies it, even in its ideological articulations. When a self-proclaimed left force reiterates this corporate logic, then it not only delegitimizes the struggles for alternatives, but also strengthens the ruling class and corporate myth that there is no alternative. The uncontrolled capitulation of CPM therefore poses a double danger to the struggle. .
How CPI[M] turned itself into the Corporate Party of India [Murderers] .
Listen to what Jyoti Basu said at a Kolkata press conference in January: Socialism is not possible now
We had spoken about building a classless society, but that was a long time ago
Socialism is our political agenda and was mentioned in our party document, but capitalism will continue to be the compulsion for the future. [Indian Express, 6 Jan, 2008] Listen to the CM of Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya at the CPMs highest state-level forum, the 22nd state conference: Let industry grow on its own momentum
There is no need for any political interference in industrialization. [Indian Express, 18 Jan 2008] This opportunism is no longer restricted to the CPMs Bengal line alone. Selling Kerala to big investors, Kerala's Industry minister E. Kareem said, "Nowhere else in India can you see such a concentration of skilled workers. Significantly, they receive very low wages, compared with their counterparts elsewhere. The wages of factory workers in Kerala is lower than the national average. But the media often fail to reflect such positive changes...." (Frontline, Dec 1 2006) Again in 2008 Kareem said, "The investor should have all freedom in choosing his employees. No economic theory -not Marx certainly -says that one who idly watches while others work can claim wages" At the present juncture, according to the CPI[M], whoever, whenever, whatever ---industrialists and industries must not only be invited and appeased with all kinds of sops, the state government must unleash all of its financial and coercive powers to get things done in their favour. If the Tatas come and demand the most fertile triple-cropped land at Singur for setting up a car factory, the government must not only oblige but also quickly evict the reluctant peasants at gunpoint to clear up the tracks. When the Salim Group, which has a gruesome anti-communist record offers to build an SEZ at Nandigram, and the locals disagree, the government and the ruling party must enact rape, murder and any number of bloodbaths to pave the way. .
.
"The following photo essay illustrates the transition into college life as well as the transition from a city to a small town.
The essay is meant to illustrate and discuss the sociological concepts of society, culture, subculture, socialization, internalization, and how all of these concepts relate and intercept."
Andrew Wyeth - 1917 - 2009
Fred Olson - 1985
______________________________________________
The watercolors in this show reflect Andrew Wyeth’s career-long project of transforming his subjects into forceful and compelling meditations on how we conceptualize what we see. The visual power of each painting relies on simple contrasts between dark and light. Much like ancient Chinese calligraphy or modern abstract expressionist techniques, Wyeth’s intuitive, efficient brushstrokes internalize the dynamic energy of gesture as they simultaneously define and anchor each composition’s overall structural framework. The viewer’s eye sees only what is necessary to construct meaning from experience.
Inspired as a teenager by the watercolors of Winslow Homer, Wyeth struggled to replicate the master’s rendering of atmospheric effects. In 1937, only one year after painting Tending the Net, Wyeth enjoyed commercial success with a sold-out exhibition of watercolors in New York City. By that time he had abandoned Homer’s tidy realism for a more expressive, color-saturated style. The work exhibited here exemplifies the maturing artist’s restless experimentation with paint application and texture that ultimately achieved an emotional status for the most mundane objects and environments.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence by Yudowski - looking at receptor internalization, using a Nikon 100X 1.49 Oil Objective.
Andrew Wyeth - 1917 - 2009
______________________________________________
The watercolors in this show reflect Andrew Wyeth’s career-long project of transforming his subjects into forceful and compelling meditations on how we conceptualize what we see. The visual power of each painting relies on simple contrasts between dark and light. Much like ancient Chinese calligraphy or modern abstract expressionist techniques, Wyeth’s intuitive, efficient brushstrokes internalize the dynamic energy of gesture as they simultaneously define and anchor each composition’s overall structural framework. The viewer’s eye sees only what is necessary to construct meaning from experience.
Inspired as a teenager by the watercolors of Winslow Homer, Wyeth struggled to replicate the master’s rendering of atmospheric effects. In 1937, only one year after painting Tending the Net, Wyeth enjoyed commercial success with a sold-out exhibition of watercolors in New York City. By that time he had abandoned Homer’s tidy realism for a more expressive, color-saturated style. The work exhibited here exemplifies the maturing artist’s restless experimentation with paint application and texture that ultimately achieved an emotional status for the most mundane objects and environments.
Eagle Fire Protection specializes in automatic fire protection services & sprinkler systems in Sydney & internalizes an extensive range of fire contracting requisites.
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
Oh look, I'm a month old, how cuuuute.
Proof that even if kids don't remember their infancy, they still internalize it. Where else would I have gotten the wacky idea to wear Bella her whole life?
Blogged for international baby wearing week. Wear your baby, it's a blessing.
PS Mickey Mouse is not my father.
By Jake Maynard and Elena De La Paz
Active throughout the community, Jake and Elena use their skills and knowledge they’ve developed through a personal and constructive relationship with the Reno community and many mutual aid initiatives. They channel these experiences into their artistic practices, working primarily in photography and collage.
Through their pieces showing people both thriving and resisting, they hope to inspire people to think of what's possible if we work together, as well as internalize the juxtaposition of the interconnectedness between these two themes. We also hope to inspire people to find the power within themselves through their own experiences and struggles and to envision a better world within our community and beyond.
!! GREAT OPPORTUNITY !!
For all #Civil & #Mechanical #Engineering Students.
Design Solutions Offers 45 Days #Job Oriented #Internship Program & Get 100% Job Assistance.
Hurry Up!!
For Registration Call Us On 990-760-760-3, 877-0605-268
Register Online: www.designsolutionhub.com
This is a piece I am working on with a wall of letterpressed post-it notes. the text is from post-its i once had on my wall to get over a breakup. so far i have printed 550 of them. the work i am doing at the moment revolves around communication within the framework of a relationship, whether past, present, or future. it is not only about what transpires between individuals but also how we internalize and recollect on those experiences.
EmpowerU Lab Day targets discrimination against Thai LGBTIQ+ students in education and employment. Research highlights pervasive bias, even in LGBTQ+-friendly spaces. The project advocates for immediate action through an interactive workshop, uniting LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ students. Focused on leadership and advocacy, participants collaboratively design best practices. This fosters personal and professional growth, reduces discrimination, and strengthens support systems. Khon Kaen's Center for Gender Studies sets a model, making it a strategic location. The region grapples with intersectional identity issues, emphasizing attitude, ability, and accessibility. Internalized oppression and the lack of inclusive policies and facilities will be addressed.
Age: 201–182 Ma
Liassic sediment
Early Jurassic Epoch
Jurassic Period – A time dominated by dinosaurs, characterised by lush vegetation, abundant marine reptiles, ammonites, and the evolution of early birds.
Mesozoic Era – The age of dinosaurs
Location:
Near Boggle Hole
Robin Hood’s Bay
Yorkshire Coast
England
Rock Type:
Redcar Mudstone Formation
Species:
Belemnites cylindricus is an extinct species of belemnite, a group of marine cephalopods related to modern squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish. Belemnites, part of the subclass Coleoidea, bridge the gap between ancient, externally shelled ammonites and nautiloids, and modern, soft-bodied coleoid cephalopods.
The anatomy of Belemnites cylindricus was adapted for life in the open seas. Its fossilised guard, or rostrum, represents the posterior portion of the internal skeleton. The guard is dense and bullet-shaped, providing ballast to aid in stabilisation during swimming. Another important feature of the skeleton is the phragmacone, a conical, chambered structure located at the anterior end of the guard. The phragmacone housed gas-filled chambers that helped regulate buoyancy, enabling the animal to maintain its position in the water column.
Belemnites cylindricus is characterised by an elongated, cylindrical guard with a smooth surface and a tapering apex, typically ranging between 5 and 15 centimetres in length. Fossils of this species often show both the guard and the phragmacone, though occasional tentacle impressions and more are found.
Belemnites cylindricus was a skilled predator, preying on small fish and crustaceans. It possessed 10 tentacles, two of which were longer and equipped with hooks for grasping prey, much like modern squids have. Like modern cephalopods, it used jet propulsion, expelling water through a siphon for rapid movement, and had an ink sac for defence, releasing clouds of ink to confuse predators.
From an evolutionary perspective, belemnites represent an intermediate step in the development of coleoid cephalopods. Unlike their ammonite and nautiloid relatives, they had completely internalised their shell, a feature retained in modified forms in modern squids and cuttlefish. This adaptation reduced drag and made them more agile swimmers. Belemnites cylindricus was part of the family Belemnitidae, which thrived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods before becoming extinct in the Late Cretaceous mass extinction.
The widespread distribution of Belemnites cylindricus and its abundance in Jurassic sediments make it a valuable biostratigraphic marker, aiding geologists in dating and correlating rock layers.
A cephalopod is a member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes creatures like squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses, ammonites, orthocones, and belemnites. These exclusively marine animals are known for their bilateral body symmetry, prominent heads, and arms or tentacles—muscular hydrostats derived from the primitive molluscan foot.
Cephalopods first became dominant during the Ordovician period, primarily represented by primitive nautiloids. Today, the class includes two distantly related extant subclasses: Coleoidea (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) and Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus). In coleoids, the shell is internalized or absent, while nautiloids retain their external shells. There are approximately 800 living species of cephalopods, with an estimated 11,000 extinct species. Some well-known extinct groups include Ammonoidea (ammonites) and Belemnoidea (belemnites). Because many cephalopods are soft-bodied, they are not easily fossilized.
Cephalopods are exclusively marine and have never adapted to freshwater habitats, likely due to biochemical constraints. They are widely regarded as the most intelligent of all invertebrates, possessing highly developed senses and large brains—larger than those of their molluscan relatives, the gastropods. The cephalopod nervous system is the most complex among invertebrates, and their brain-to-body mass ratio falls between those of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
With the exception of the Nautilidae and certain deep-sea octopuses (suborder Cirrina), all known cephalopods possess an ink sac, which they use to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular extension of the hindgut, releasing almost pure melanin mixed with mucus to form a thick, smokescreen-like cloud. The ink is ejected via their funnel, using the same water jet propulsion system employed for locomotion. Early cephalopods likely produced jets by retracting their bodies into their shells, as Nautilus still does today.
The evolution of cephalopods is believed to have begun in the Late Cambrian, likely from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor with a curved, tapering shell, closely related to gastropods. The development of the siphuncle, a tube-like structure, allowed early cephalopods to fill their shells with gas, achieving buoyancy and differentiating them from putative ancestors like Knightoconus, which lacked a siphuncle. This buoyancy enabled cephalopods to rise off the seafloor and eventually develop jet propulsion, which furthered their evolution as top predators.
After the late Cambrian extinction, cephalopods diversified significantly during the Ordovician, filling newly available predatory niches and becoming a dominant presence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic seas. Initially, their range was limited to shallow, sublittoral regions in the low latitudes, often in association with thrombolites. Over time, they adopted a more pelagic lifestyle. By the mid-Ordovician, some cephalopods developed septa strong enough to withstand deeper water pressures, allowing them to inhabit depths greater than 100–200 meters.
The direction of shell coiling became a crucial evolutionary trait. Endogastric coiling, in which the ventral (lower) side is concave, limited size expansion, while exogastric coiling, where the ventral side is convex, allowed the large spiral shells familiar in fossil records. Ancient cephalopods, unlike most modern species, had protective shells. These early shells were straight and conical but later evolved into curved nautiloid shapes similar to modern Nautilus.
Competition from fish during evolutionary history is thought to have driven shelled cephalopods into deeper waters, exerting pressure towards shell loss. This adaptation gave rise to modern coleoids, which, despite losing buoyancy, gained greater maneuverability, allowing them to re-colonize shallow waters. Some straight-shelled nautiloids eventually evolved into belemnites, which in turn evolved into squid and cuttlefish. The loss of the shell may also have been a response to evolutionary pressures for increased mobility, giving cephalopods a more fish-like behavior.
Andrew Wyeth - 1917 - 2009
______________________________________________
The watercolors in this show reflect Andrew Wyeth’s career-long project of transforming his subjects into forceful and compelling meditations on how we conceptualize what we see. The visual power of each painting relies on simple contrasts between dark and light. Much like ancient Chinese calligraphy or modern abstract expressionist techniques, Wyeth’s intuitive, efficient brushstrokes internalize the dynamic energy of gesture as they simultaneously define and anchor each composition’s overall structural framework. The viewer’s eye sees only what is necessary to construct meaning from experience.
Inspired as a teenager by the watercolors of Winslow Homer, Wyeth struggled to replicate the master’s rendering of atmospheric effects. In 1937, only one year after painting Tending the Net, Wyeth enjoyed commercial success with a sold-out exhibition of watercolors in New York City. By that time he had abandoned Homer’s tidy realism for a more expressive, color-saturated style. The work exhibited here exemplifies the maturing artist’s restless experimentation with paint application and texture that ultimately achieved an emotional status for the most mundane objects and environments.
I spent two of my high school summers in a small town in Mexico with a good friend of mine from grade school and her family. I learned so much spanish and really internalized the language during these trips.
Eggshell; or Vỏ Trứng by Anthony Doan, 2024
Everything's coming up roses at the Ly family's Christmas Eve dinner. That is until Rose arrives, hoping to make a good impression, as she's meeting her fiancé's family for the first time. Despite her best efforts, the mood turns frigidly vicious when secrets are brought to light, forcing everyone to confront the fragility of their individual nature. Eggshell; or Vỏ Trứng tiptoes between farce, dark comedy, thriller, and tragedy as it follows a hauntingly dysfunctional family and unearths the fangs of internalized whiteness, self-acceptance, and the lengths we go to in order to survive.
been a Cali resident since 2007… these photos were taken at Muir Beach #waybackwednesday
For many years, I used to be self-conscious of my features, including my nose, but learned to love myself and get my priorities straight over cosmetic procedures (meaning I'd rather be running outside than spend hours volunteering my body on some operating table). Having said that, I'm a realist and know to not say "never say never", but I couldn't imagine changing my Polish nose today, despite criticism from women in my family.
As my biggest critics like to coin me "crazy", I've been asked often "Do you hear voices in your head?" No, I don't. But if I were pressed, I'd jokingly say the only voices I "hear" sometimes are memories I think about from all the people that criticized me and unfairly judged me over the years. Sad, but true. Par for the course, I suppose. But ultimately, I don't internalize criticism (it's never about me) and listen to myself. ❤️
Andrew Wyeth - 1917 - 2009
______________________________________________
The watercolors in this show reflect Andrew Wyeth’s career-long project of transforming his subjects into forceful and compelling meditations on how we conceptualize what we see. The visual power of each painting relies on simple contrasts between dark and light. Much like ancient Chinese calligraphy or modern abstract expressionist techniques, Wyeth’s intuitive, efficient brushstrokes internalize the dynamic energy of gesture as they simultaneously define and anchor each composition’s overall structural framework. The viewer’s eye sees only what is necessary to construct meaning from experience.
Inspired as a teenager by the watercolors of Winslow Homer, Wyeth struggled to replicate the master’s rendering of atmospheric effects. In 1937, only one year after painting Tending the Net, Wyeth enjoyed commercial success with a sold-out exhibition of watercolors in New York City. By that time he had abandoned Homer’s tidy realism for a more expressive, color-saturated style. The work exhibited here exemplifies the maturing artist’s restless experimentation with paint application and texture that ultimately achieved an emotional status for the most mundane objects and environments.
Age: 360–335 Ma
Tournaisian to Viséan Age
Early to Middle Mississippian Epoch – Around the time of Romer’s Gap, an enigmatic interval marked by a sparse tetrapod fossil record, which complicates our understanding of early terrestrial vertebrate evolution.
Carboniferous Period – Dominated by lush tropical forests, giant arthropods, amphibians, and the first true reptiles, with plant life primarily consisting of ferns and lycophytes. Shallow seas hosted a rich marine biodiversity.
Paleozoic Era – A time before the dominance of dinosaurs, notable for the evolution and diversification of early life forms.
Location:
Dumfries and Galloway
Southerness Peninsula
Somewhere east of Southerness along the coastline
Rock Type:
Possibly dolomitic limestone of the Ballagan Formation
Species:
Orthoceras is a genus of extinct cephalopods belonging to the subclass Nautiloidea, characterised by its long, straight, conical shell. This genus thrived in marine environments during the Paleozoic Era and is found in rock formations worldwide. The fossils attributed to Orthoceras include some of the most recognisable and abundant remains of ancient marine life.
The shell of Orthoceras was composed of calcium carbonate, with a smooth or subtly ornamented surface and a tapered, cylindrical form. The internal structure featured a series of gas-filled chambers, separated by transverse walls known as septa. These chambers were connected by a central tube, the siphuncle, which allowed the animal to regulate buoyancy by controlling the levels of gas and fluid in the chambers. This is basically a type of phragmocone. This adaptation enabled Orthoceras to move efficiently through the water column, using jet propulsion to evade predators and hunt small prey.
Typically ranging from a few centimetres to over a metre in length, Orthoceras was an active predator. It likely fed on small marine organisms, such as trilobites and early crustaceans. Its tentacles, equipped with suction-like structures, were used to grasp prey and convey it to its beak-like jaws.
From an evolutionary perspective, Orthoceras represents an important early form of cephalopod. As one of the ancestors of both modern nautiloids and more advanced coleoids (such as squids and octopuses), it highlights the early diversification of cephalopods in Paleozoic oceans. The straight-shelled nautiloids, including Orthoceras, were eventually outcompeted by ammonoids and more flexible, soft-bodied cephalopods. However, their success during the Carboniferous period is evident from their widespread fossil record.
A cephalopod is a member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes creatures like squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses, ammonites, orthocones, and belemnites. These exclusively marine animals are known for their bilateral body symmetry, prominent heads, and arms or tentacles—muscular hydrostats derived from the primitive molluscan foot.
Cephalopods first became dominant during the Ordovician period, primarily represented by primitive nautiloids. Today, the class includes two distantly related extant subclasses: Coleoidea (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) and Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus). In coleoids, the shell is internalized or absent, while nautiloids retain their external shells. There are approximately 800 living species of cephalopods, with an estimated 11,000 extinct species. Some well-known extinct groups include Ammonoidea (ammonites) and Belemnoidea (belemnites). Because many cephalopods are soft-bodied, they are not easily fossilized.
Cephalopods are exclusively marine and have never adapted to freshwater habitats, likely due to biochemical constraints. They are widely regarded as the most intelligent of all invertebrates, possessing highly developed senses and large brains—larger than those of their molluscan relatives, the gastropods. The cephalopod nervous system is the most complex among invertebrates, and their brain-to-body mass ratio falls between those of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
With the exception of the Nautilidae and certain deep-sea octopuses (suborder Cirrina), all known cephalopods possess an ink sac, which they use to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular extension of the hindgut, releasing almost pure melanin mixed with mucus to form a thick, smokescreen-like cloud. The ink is ejected via their funnel, using the same water jet propulsion system employed for locomotion. Early cephalopods likely produced jets by retracting their bodies into their shells, as Nautilus still does today.
The evolution of cephalopods is believed to have begun in the Late Cambrian, likely from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor with a curved, tapering shell, closely related to gastropods. The development of the siphuncle, a tube-like structure, allowed early cephalopods to fill their shells with gas, achieving buoyancy and differentiating them from putative ancestors like Knightoconus, which lacked a siphuncle. This buoyancy enabled cephalopods to rise off the seafloor and eventually develop jet propulsion, which furthered their evolution as top predators.
After the late Cambrian extinction, cephalopods diversified significantly during the Ordovician, filling newly available predatory niches and becoming a dominant presence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic seas. Initially, their range was limited to shallow, sublittoral regions in the low latitudes, often in association with thrombolites. Over time, they adopted a more pelagic lifestyle. By the mid-Ordovician, some cephalopods developed septa strong enough to withstand deeper water pressures, allowing them to inhabit depths greater than 100–200 meters.
The direction of shell coiling became a crucial evolutionary trait. Endogastric coiling, in which the ventral (lower) side is concave, limited size expansion, while exogastric coiling, where the ventral side is convex, allowed the large spiral shells familiar in fossil records. Ancient cephalopods, unlike most modern species, had protective shells. These early shells were straight and conical but later evolved into curved nautiloid shapes similar to modern Nautilus.
Competition from fish during evolutionary history is thought to have driven shelled cephalopods into deeper waters, exerting pressure towards shell loss. This adaptation gave rise to modern coleoids, which, despite losing buoyancy, gained greater maneuverability, allowing them to re-colonize shallow waters. Some straight-shelled nautiloids eventually evolved into belemnites, which in turn evolved into squid and cuttlefish. The loss of the shell may also have been a response to evolutionary pressures for increased mobility, giving cephalopods a more fish-like behavior.
Yeah, standing this close and looking up is kind of what the entire visit was about. You don't usually think about how *grungy* spaceships get (well, maybe, if you've really internalized 2001 vs. Star Wars) but also that the body has curves that the label has to follow...
There is an opportunity when engaging with a work of art, to form an intimate connection with something
new, important, and or forgotten. Alanna and I, as the artists were fortunate enough to experience this connection
through the process of creation. How can we invite everyone else into this experience? How can we translate the
metaphysical intensity of nature for all to feel and grasp in the physical world? All the artist can do is form a natural
and authentic connection with the piece, a relationship where both the artist and work are expected and
encouraged to grow. To grow and learn, is to let die and regrow, it’s rebirth. Letting a preconceived idea of
something we thought to be true, die, is painful, because to be right is to feel safe and in control and to be wrong is
to be in chaos. We suffer more when we resist, when we cling to the need for control. But nature is quite chaotic,
and there isn’t anything we can do to stop its cycle so we ought to let go, accept, and surrender to the path of least
resistance.
This piece reflects and dives into the interconnection of nature, relationships, and intimacy. The biomorphic
form made for a canvas that is already speaking, having a need to be listened and responded to. There’s a
navigation between when to let nature take the wheel and when to take control. Flaws come from moments where
the wrong choice was made at the wrong time, caused by resistance, flaws later to be made intentional. Moments
of beauty come from the right choice at the right time, through listening, accepting, and extenuating forms already
present. The piece asks to come close and hold it, to notice these moments in every detail. Holding the two broken
halves together at first felt like an inescapable cliche of holding together a damaged relationship, but quickly
became internalized as opposed to dismissed. The cracked nature of the piece was nothing that could be changed,
leaving a trail of tension. A tension and duality between physical body/matter and the metaphysical feeling/energy,
between self conscious and self aware, between order and chaos. Duality is rooted in nature. Having two sides
allows us to navigate between, bringing awareness to our relationships; with self, others, nature, or any other place
a bond of intimacy can be formed.
.
Iwe the stu·dents are the Union! .
I let us build up amilitant students'movement ') .
to challenge the autltorltarlan admlnlstrauon, .
to Isolate the compromising pseudo-left .
and to defeat the communal rasclstsl j .
-.J .
Destruction, destitution, displacement and death today are called 'Development'. It is a time when imperialism coupled .
with fascism is destroying lives, livelihood and dignity of millions of people, to safeguard the interests of a handful. Itis .
for the future. In the present sodal system, the odds are heavily against the oppressed sections that constitute a vast most oppressed of the society have been fighting for that. Because In that 'utopia' alone lies the belief for life, the hope a time when the dream of an exploitation-free and just sodety is called a utopia! Yet hundre9s and thousands of the .
and to build a new society in its place through a radical social transformation. And this struggle must be fought from .
wherever we are located. In this context of constant attack from all the powers-that-be, let us look at our own campus! .
majority of the population. The need therefore is to demolish this system that benefits a few at the cost of the many, .
JNU is not an island. The JNU administration represents the ruling class in the campus! We all know that this .
language and politics of World Bank, IMF etc. as well as the Tata-Birlas. According to them, JNU is being converted to a .
casteist-communal-patriarchal administration is up for selling JNU to the market forces. They have internalized the .
'world class university'. And naturally for 'resource generation purposes' they need to levy user charges for electricity, .
hike the price of prospectus, rent out PSR for commerdal use! And with the 'resources' which is nothing but tax-payer's .
money, we have the plasma lVs, the manicured flower pots, pointless signboards and hideous hoardings. 'World Class' .
therefore entails nothing but an external glitter, but with gradually privatized education and commercialized basic .
facilities, denial of minimum wages and basic legal rights to the mazdoorson campus. And the decis1ons for a//these .
policies, going by the World Bank model again, has to be necessarily implemented in such an undemocratic manner, .
have been taken arbitrarily, bypassing all concerned bodies of students, teachers and karamcharis. Such anti-student .
more in consultation with the market than with the representatives of university community. After all, when the ruling .
classes ask the people whether they want to get displaced to make way for an SEZ or not! .
.
privatization ofeducation'. And hence Lyngdoh came knocking! The Lyngdoh committee report is intrinsically The World Bank and its cronies have rightly identified students' movement as the 'biggest impediment to .
linked to the larger designs of depolitidsation, facilitating a complete privatization of basic and higher education. It is .
designed to crush consdously articulated political dissent and opposition. The Committee states that students must be economic 'development'. But imposition of Lyngdoh Recommendations is a thinly veiled instrument for crushing the 'integrationist' and 'nationalists' at heart, and student politics should be aimed at inculcating values of social and clauses which will have far reaching consequences, it aims to ensure administration's hold on the election process, countrywide students' movement that raises the genuine issues of the masses and also challenges the status quo. With confine student politics within the boundary of the institution, cutting it off from the larger political processes in the meant to eliminate the drawbacks of student politics; rather it is here to facilitate state's control and repression. In this, free of money and muscle power and known for its democratic credentials, prove beyond doubt that Lyngdoh is not name of 'unnecessary politicization of student bodies'. The Supreme Court Stay on the JNU election process, which Is be it MISA, TADA, POTA, MCOCA, UAPA, AFSPA, NSA, etc to name a few. The only difference is that while these Lyngdoh is no different in nature from a vast range of draconian laws imposed by the state on the people from above, draconian laws target and suppress the struggling masses, Lyngdoh aims to clamp down on the students and the youth. ' Lyngdoh are resorted to by the state to quell the simmering discontent among the large majority of students today, who fabric historically has been woven with brahminical ideology? The recent legislation of 27% OBC reservation was not a And when feudalism and the market ties a knot, social justice becomes a prime target. Measures like is fadng injustice, discrimination and exclusion at every step. can we expect social justice from a state whose very 'gift' from Manmohao and Co. It is an outcome if long battles that thousands of oeoole for several decades have fought and even given their lives for. It was a movement that forced the state to recognize a right which the casteist society .
denied for centuries. However, just the passing of legislations don't really mean their implementation. The casteist .
authorities always seek to take away with one hand what they were forced to grant with the other. JNU again provides .
would be implemented at one go. However it unilaterally decided later that OBC reservation will be implemented in a a perfect example of this! Last year in April. JNU administration assured JNUSU that 27% reservations for OBC student phased process. The excuse was lnfrastructural inadequacy. Making OBC reservation conditional on seat-increase .
. implementation was not fulfilled. While around 22% OBC students joined the campus without reservation, with .
signified reserving the seats for upper caste students. Even the stipulated 12% reserved seats for the first year of as well. Moreover, the administration took a uni!ate@l decision of doing away with orogressive 'offer-system' and implementation of reservation in phased manner, a meager 9.95°/o OBC students joined last year. Thus, the administration defeated the reservation policy even after it was made into a law. Same happened with PH reservations initiated a 'wajtjng-list' system for admissions. Itwas clear that the waiting-list system is not a conducive system In a .
'"< CD--.
:J.
-..;;;r::;::J r -.
.. ---""' '" "" I .
' ~a/. Divya, PSU-JNU J .
... .
.-'.
) I .
} .
I} .
g ts )n .
.
Peace Week! I'm thankful for weeks like these that let us dress up a bit but also for students who really internalize what Peace Week is all about and do their best to apply the principles in their lives. These kids try me to the max but at the end of the day, I love them to pieces! :)
Eggshell; or Vỏ Trứng by Anthony Doan, 2024
Everything's coming up roses at the Ly family's Christmas Eve dinner. That is until Rose arrives, hoping to make a good impression, as she's meeting her fiancé's family for the first time. Despite her best efforts, the mood turns frigidly vicious when secrets are brought to light, forcing everyone to confront the fragility of their individual nature. Eggshell; or Vỏ Trứng tiptoes between farce, dark comedy, thriller, and tragedy as it follows a hauntingly dysfunctional family and unearths the fangs of internalized whiteness, self-acceptance, and the lengths we go to in order to survive.