View allAll Photos Tagged Integration
Three very different movements in very different lighting conditions, but generally struggling with fast moving clouds (black and white) resulting in ever changing settings even within he frame. I worked from home first thing this morning and then on my way to Rotherham called in at Darnall station, a place where I had never stopped for the Hope to Walsall tanks.
A variation on the normal route via the Dore West Curve and Dronfield today it ran via Sheffield station and Woodhouse Junction. 66615 is seen here climbing up from Nunnery and Woodburn Junctions on the 09:19 Hope (Earles Sidings) Fhh to Walsall Freight Terminal.
Next post meeting and needing some fresh air to battle a migraine, evidence that the Scots are doing everything they can to remain integrated into Europe. Scotrail - Saltaire liveried 68006 would be more at home on commuter services out of Edinburgh, but this week has been a regular performer on the 6C89 0945 Mountsorrel to Carlisle NY. The disappointment of this running a 664xx for the first few weeks now overcome and a useful diagram as the same loco appears to work the train all week.
Finally a VSTP numerically confusing 56087 and 56078 on the 0C51 12:00 Doncaster CHS to Whitemoor Yard LDC GBRF, only just about dropping on one of those elusive sunspots.
This is my collage representing arts integration. This is previous students and each image is a child using the arts to learn another subject matter while discovering more about a specific art form. These art representations include music, movement, theatre, and visual art in various ways. This is close to my heart and when I see these children in their moment of discovery through artistic influence, I truly see arts integration work.
#EDN514SP17 and #EDN514Illustration
For those hard to reach places, technicians and engineers use various styles of lifts and platforms to ensure they have the best angle of approach to work on the James Webb Space Telescope observatory.
Here's a recent video about the recent successful assembly of Webb into its final form: youtu.be/Trh9ohPo-cE
Image credit: Northrop Grumman
acryl on ripped cardboard
integrating duct tape tracks
labels
scratches
cracks etc.
A3 format & smaller
irregular edges
Das ist Integration:
Mustafa, neben mir: "Ich ess ja auch schon mal Schweinefleisch."
Nachbar: "Mustafa - du bist doch Moslem?"
Mustafa: "Ich bin Deutscher."
Taken in very early April, just at leaf-break, on the eastern bluff of the Mississippi Valley.
While the deciduous tree at right is unidentified, I'm guessing it's a walnut (Juglans sp.) or a non-shagbark hickory (Carya sp.), based on its furrowed, long-scaled bark and what I take to be catkins hanging from it. But I could be wrong.
At left, however, are certified examples of Juniperus virginiana, or Eastern Red Cedar. In abandoned farm fields this species is much more upright in habit, but in this, another of its customary habitats, it often has a decidedly scrawny look. It seems to enjoy hanging on for dear life on cliff edges, and I've seen it in such exposed and practically soilless places from the traprock ridges of New England's Connecticut River Valley to locales far west of this one.
The thin-bedded, jointed rock beneath the trees is the Devonian-period Bailey Limestone, which is notably cherty. Its high silica content has led to its being quarried farther downriver for the production of abrasive tripoli powder.
For more on this beautiful and geologically fascinating locale, get a copy of my Geology Underfoot in Illinois.
And to see the other photos and descriptions of this series, visit Integrative Natural History of Southern Illinois album.
Available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
VHR - springthorpe
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial within the Boroondara Cemetery (VHR0049)commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected in 1897 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures. It contains twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland supporting a Harcourt granite superstructure, and a glass dome roof of lead lighting.
How is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it significant?
The Springthorpe Memorial is historically important in demonstrating nineteenth century social and cultural attitudes to death, and for reflecting the ideals of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement which aimed at providing comfort for mourners. The memorial is important in demonstrating uniqueness, no other example being known of such aesthetic composition, architectural design and execution, or scale. It is important in exhibiting good design and aesthetic characteristics and for the richness and unusual integration of features. The Springthorpe Memorial is also important in illustrating the principal characteristics of the work of a number of artists including Desbrowe Annear, Mackennal, the glass manufacturers Auguste Fischer and the bronze work of Marriots.
VHR Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society.
Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Strett was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum.
The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known.
The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end.
The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior.
By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia.
The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect.
The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum.
Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii')
Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria.
The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery.
How is it significant?
Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907.
The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (chamaecyparis funebris 'aurea') is the only known example in Victoria.
The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.
even different lives lived by a countless individuals...is unified in one spirit...for peace in Humanity...
Full set (so far) here - www.flickr.com/photos/timster1973/sets/72157643948151514/
Euromaidan (Ukrainian: ??????????, Yevromaidan, literally "Eurosquare") is a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests demanding closer European integration and culminated in a coup d'etat of the reigning Ukrainian government. The scope of the protests expanded, with many calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. Many protesters joined because of the violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November and "a will to change life in Ukraine". By 25 January 2014, the protests had been fueled by the perception of "widespread government corruption", "abuse of power", and "violation of human rights in Ukraine".
The demonstrations began on the night of 21 November 2013, when protests erupted in the capital, Kiev, after the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing an Association Agreement and a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union, in order to seek closer economic relations with Russia. Prime Minister Mykola Azarov had asked for 20 Billion Euros (US$27) billion in loans and aid. The EU and Russia both offered Ukraine the possibility of substantial loans. Russia also offered Ukraine cheaper gas prices. On 24 November 2013, first clashes between protesters and police began. Protesters strived to break cordon. Police used tear gas and batons, protesters also used tear gas and some fire crackers (according to the police, protesters were the first to use them). After a few days of demonstrations an increasing number of university students joined the protests. The Euromaidan has been repeatedly characterised as an event of major political symbolism for the European Union itself, particularly as
"the largest ever pro-European rally in history".
The protests are ongoing despite heavy police presence, regularly sub-freezing temperatures, and snow. Escalating violence from government forces in the early morning of 30 November caused the level of protests to rise, with 400,000–800,000 protesters demonstrating in Kiev on the weekends of 1 December and 8 December. In the weeks since, protest attendance has fluctuated from 50,000 to 200,000 during organised rallies. Violent riots took place 1 December and 19 January through 25 in response to police brutality and government repression. Since 23 January several Western Ukrainian Oblast (province) Governor buildings and regional councils have been occupied in a revolt by Euromaidan activists. In the Russophone cities of Zaporizhzhya, Sumy, and Dnipropetrovsk, protesters also tried to take over their local government building, and have been met with considerable force from both police and government supporters.
According to journalist Lecia Bushak writing in the 18 February 2014 issue of Newsweek magazine, EuroMaidan has grown into something far bigger than just an angry response to the fallen-through EU deal. It's now about ousting Yanukovych and his corrupt government; guiding Ukraine away from its 200-year-long, deeply intertwined and painful relationship with Russia; and standing up for basic human rights to protest, speak and think freely and to act peacefully without the threat of punishment.
A turning point came in late-February, when enough members of the president's party fled or defected to lose their majority in the parliament leaving the opposition large enough to form the necessary quorum. This allowed parliament to pass a series of laws that removed police from Kiev, canceled anti-protest operations, restored the 2004 constitution, freed political detainees, and allegedly impeached the president. Yanukovych then fled to Ukraine's second largest city of Kharkiv, refusing to recognise the parliament's decisions. The parliament has assigned early elections for May 2014.
A 35 man (plus guides) trip to the Ukraine exploring Chernobyl, the village, Duga 3, Pripyat and Kiev including Maidan (Independence Square) and observing the peaceful protests underway.
Some new faces, some old, made new friends and generally we were in our elements.
Rhetorical question but did we have a blast? You bet!
Amazing group, top guys. Till the next time!
My blog:
timster1973.wordpress.com
Also on Facebook
www.Facebook.com/TimKniftonPhotography
online store: www.artfinder.com/tim-knifton
Leica MP
Leica Summilux 35mm f/1.4 II
Fuji Neopan 400
Tetenal Ultrafin Plus 1+4
7 min 30 sec 20°C
Scan from negative film
The Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) flight model during integration at Thales Alenia Space, Torino, Italy, on 12 February 2014.
It will be launched by ESA in 2014 on Vega, Europe’s new small launcher, into a suborbital path. It will reenter the atmosphere as if from a low-orbit mission, testing new European reentry technologies during its hypersonic and supersonic flight phases.
Credit: ESA–S. Corvaja, 2014
Looking more or less northward. Taken from the park's River View Trail.
The bridge visible above the falls is part of State Route 61, the main coastal road from Duluth to Ontario.
This was the first North Shore state park I ever visited. At that time I remember thinking, "If the rest of the way to the Canadian border looks like this and has this much geology and botany, I'm going to be in heaven." As it turned out, I wasn't disappointed. And Gooseberry makes the perfect point of entry for the whole experience.
This photo is a good introduction to this site for a number of reasons. For one thing, it captures two of this property's five waterfalls. For another, it gives a decent long-range view of the North Shore Volcanic Group basalt flows over which the Gooseberry River spills on its way to Lake Superior. And then again, it's a nice family portrait of the locale's predominant tree species.
The two cascades visible in this image are the Middle Falls and the Lower Falls, and I trust you can figure out which is which. The bedrock under and around them dates to the end of the Mesoproterozoic era. It began about 1.1 Ga ago as mafic lava flows that poured out of fissures onto the stretched and faulted floor of the Midcontinent Rift.
That huge breach, often abbreviated to MCR, extended across Laurentia (ancestral North America) in a great horseshoe shape from at least Kansas up to the Lake Superior region, and then down again to southeastern Michigan, and perhaps all the way to Alabama.
One consequence of the MCR's eruptive activity is the bedrock you see in this park. It comes in three varieties: basalt, more basalt, and even more bloody basalt. But this unrelieved expanse of dark-toned igneous stone constitutes only a tiny fraction of the MCR's total lava output, which may well have been as much as 2 million cubic km (about 480,000 cubic mi).
As far as the North-Woodsy trees here go, the predominant softwood, evergreen, and conifer is that lover of Great Lakes shorelines, Arbor Vitae (Thuja occidentalis). It's also known as Northern White Cedar, though a true cedar it isn't. It's joined by the most common hardwood in view, the white-barked Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera).
Part 19 of this series shows the Arbor Vitae in remarkably intimate association with the North Shore Volcanic Group.
To see the other photos and descriptions of this series, visit
my Integrative Natural History of Minnesota's North Shore album.
A Redhead pair seems to be socially integrated into a group of Coots... somehow; they still seem to stand out just a bit.
The Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) flight model during integration at Thales Alenia Space, Torino, Italy, on 12 February 2014.
It will be launched by ESA in 2014 on Vega, Europe’s new small launcher, into a suborbital path. It will reenter the atmosphere as if from a low-orbit mission, testing new European reentry technologies during its hypersonic and supersonic flight phases.
Credit: ESA–S. Corvaja, 2014
(Updated on March 20, 2025)
Looking northeastward from the unimproved rock-and-gravel one-laner called Old Ore Road. I'm here about 1.4 road mi (2.2 km) north of the intersection with Park Road 12 to Rio Grande Village.
For those wishing to traverse this former mule-team trail, the National Park Service website has this to say, in screaming caps:
"NOTICE: The Old Ore Road is currently in a very poor, unmaintained condition. Travel on this primitive road REQUIRES High Clearance AND true Four-Wheel Drive. It is NOT passable to passenger cars, minivans, motorhomes, and tiny crossover SUVs."
I think they really mean it. When I took a small tour group here in 2002, we were in a full-sized SUV. It was 4WD and qualified as high-clearance, I guess, but its Achilles' heel was its tires, which were designed for standard vacation driving on paved roads, and not for rough-country use. However, we'd already made it into the heart of the Solitario, albeit at the cost of one flat on the way back.
I'm happy and somewhat amazed to report that here also we were lucky, and were able to trek the whole, 26-mi / 42 km way, from Old Ore Road's southern end at Park Road 12 up to Dagger Flat Auto Trail, and then over to the Main Park Road connecting Persimmon Gap with Panther Junction. And not even a flat this time. That was much farther than I had expected. Still, there were a number of places where I had to get out and scout ahead on foot to make sure the vehicle could get through. And it was a very close call more than once.
All that duly noted, here's some emphasized text of my own: Do not assume that just because I was fortunate enough to get that far twenty-two years ago, you can do so now. The NPS rangers on site know best, and in my experience are spot-on in assessing road conditions. Were I trying get up Old Ore today, I'd use a helicopter or a blimp.
- - - - - - - -
In this first shot of the set, I'm recording the local geology just a few minutes' drive up from where this very unpaved track meets Park Road 12 between the big Tornillo Creek bridge and the Cuesta Carlota tunnel. And speaking of the latter, the tilted ridge shown above is indeed the Cuesta Carlota. In Big Bend Vistas, William MacLeod notes that this is the westernmost fault flock of the Sierra del Carmen range that is such an impressive and beautiful part of the Big Bend landscape.
Composed of upturned layers of the Buda Limestone and Del Rio Clay formations, both Upper Cretaceous in age, Cuesta Carlota has, as MacLeod aptly says, "an almost corrugated appearance" when seen from above.
This is due to the fact that it's been cross-punctuated at regular intervals by gullies—a reminder that, as ironic as it seems, erosion is the dominant terrain-shaper in desert environments. It may rain rarely, but when it does, its does so dramatically. Much downcutting takes place in short bursts.
At first glance that may be difficult to sense at this angle, but careful scrutiny reveals the existence of the crosscutting ravines where the ridge's deformed strata are visible.
In those ravines, and on the alluvial fans and the Tornillo Creek Graben floor as well, grows a wonderfully adapted Chihuahuan Desert plant community. I'm seriously tempted to focus on it for the rest of this description. But I have another photo better suited for that, and besides, I should review the general structural setting first.
The Sierra del Carmen owes its existence to various factors—among them two separate and especially significant tectonic episodes. The first, the Laramide Orogeny in late-Cretaceous and early-Cenozoic time. was a compressional phase in which preexisting rock units were pushed into a generally monoclinal orientation, with the strata bent into a stair-step shape that produced uplifted blocks bounded by basins.
Then, later in the Cenozoic (25-2 my ago), a large portion of western North American underwent an extensional phase that created the Basin-and-Range and Rio-Grande-Rift topography we see today. This activity extended as far inland as far as this area. The Sierra del Carmen was stretched and thinned into an alternation of down-dropped sections bounded by normal faults (grabens) and raised blocks (horsts).
While by no means as lofty of the central spine of the Sierra del Carmen, the Cuesta Carlota horst is still an impressive indicator of the park's Basin-and-Range tectonics.
To see the other photos and descriptions in this set, visit my my Integrative Natural History of Old Ore Road album.
This photo from Northrop Grumman's clean room in Redondo Beach, California shows the process if integrating the sunshield and the telescope part of the James Webb Space Telescope Observatory. The telescope is seen hanging from a crane, in the process of being moved over the sunshield.
Here's a recent video about the recent successful assembly of Webb into its final form: youtu.be/Trh9ohPo-cE
Image credit: Northrop Grumman
South West Coaches operate the Yeovil Station Rail Link that runs between the two services and the town centre. Seen on 20th Aug 2016 is regular Solo SR YJ14BNY at Yeovil Junction Station.
(Updated April 16, 2025)
Looking east-southeastward at the eastern cliff cut by the middle branch of the Amnicon River. The Upper Falls, the focal point of Part 2 of this set, is just out of view to the right.
It's always a treat when concepts of structural geology are glaringly visible at the Earth's surface. Here an absolutely lovely fault, the Douglas, runs up that cliff from lower right to upper left in the center of the frame. If you stand on the little enclosed observation platform, you're right next to it.
The crustal section on the right, massive, dark-brown basalt of the late-Mesoproterozoic Chengwatana Volcanic Group, constitutes the hanging wall. The steps and the platform, and everything below and to their left, are the somewhat younger (probably very-late-Mesoproterozoic) Orienta Sandstone. It's the lowest formation of Wisconsin's Bayfield Group. Here it's the footwall.
When a portion of the Earth's crust is pulled apart—when it's under tension—normal faults, with down-dropped hanging walls, are produced. But when you see the opposite condition, where the hanging wall has been pushed up the fault plane at a high angle, it's a reverse fault instead. This indicates crustal compression.
As it so happens, the Douglas and some other major faults associated with the Midcontinent Rift (MCR) have been both types. When the MCR first developed during a phase of regional stretching, they came into being as the normal variety. But then, at some point afterward, the MCR structure was subjected to crustal scrunching, and they were converted into the reverse kind. Their headwalls were displaced upward. So in this spot the older Chengwatana basalt sits atop the Orienta Sandstone.
As a photo in a future posting will show, the contact between the two rock types contains broken-up, ground-up, and generally messed-up rock that suffered the worst of the frictional effects when the fault moved. Geologists of my ancient generation refer to this by the informal name of fubarite, but the official terms are fault gouge (finer-grained material) and fault breccia (with larger clasts).
At this distance you can see how the usually flat-lying beds of the Orienta have been seriously deformed and are dipping at crazy angles. If you walk downstream from here, however, you'll see that the strata are still in their original, more-or-less horizontal orientation.
You'll find the other photos and descriptions of this series in my Integrative Natural History of Amnicon Falls State Park album.
G-TREC Cessna 421C Golden Eagle Sovereign Business Integration PLC/Eagle European Ltd AeroExpo Wycombe Air Park 15 June 2019
Staff Sgt. Emiliano Canales, 62nd Aircraft Maintenance Unit crew chief, marshals a Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II "Joint Strike Fighter" (sn 13-5068) (MSN AF-74) after landing Jan. 24, 2017, at Luke Air Force Base, Ariz. The 62nd AMU is integrating Airmen from the 61st AMU with Lockheed Martin maintenance personnel.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a family of single-seat, single-engine, all-weather, stealth, fifth-generation, multirole combat aircraft, designed for ground-attack and air-superiority missions. It is built by Lockheed Martin and many subcontractors, including Northrop Grumman, Pratt & Whitney, and BAE Systems.
The F-35 has three main models: the conventional takeoff and landing F-35A (CTOL), the short take-off and vertical-landing F-35B (STOVL), and the catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery, carrier-based F-35C (CATOBAR). The F-35 descends from the Lockheed Martin X-35, the design that was awarded the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program over the competing Boeing X-32. The official Lightning II name has proven deeply unpopular and USAF pilots have nicknamed it Panther, instead.
The United States principally funds F-35 development, with additional funding from other NATO members and close U.S. allies, including the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Canada, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and formerly Turkey. These funders generally receive subcontracts to manufacture components for the aircraft; for example, Turkey was the sole supplier of several F-35 parts until its removal from the program in July 2019. Several other countries have ordered, or are considering ordering, the aircraft.
As the largest and most expensive military program ever, the F-35 became the subject of much scrutiny and criticism in the U.S. and in other countries. In 2013 and 2014, critics argued that the plane was "plagued with design flaws", with many blaming the procurement process in which Lockheed was allowed "to design, test, and produce the F-35 all at the same time," instead of identifying and fixing "defects before firing up its production line". By 2014, the program was "$163 billion over budget [and] seven years behind schedule". Critics also contend that the program's high sunk costs and political momentum make it "too big to kill".
The F-35 first flew on 15 December 2006. In July 2015, the United States Marines declared its first squadron of F-35B fighters ready for deployment. However, the DOD-based durability testing indicated the service life of early-production F-35B aircraft is well under the expected 8,000 flight hours, and may be as low as 2,100 flight hours. Lot 9 and later aircraft include design changes but service life testing has yet to occur. The U.S. Air Force declared its first squadron of F-35As ready for deployment in August 2016. The U.S. Navy declared its first F-35Cs ready in February 2019. In 2018, the F-35 made its combat debut with the Israeli Air Force.
The U.S. stated plan is to buy 2,663 F-35s, which will provide the bulk of the crewed tactical airpower of the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps in coming decades. Deliveries of the F-35 for the U.S. military are scheduled until 2037 with a projected service life up to 2070.
Development
F-35 development started in 1992 with the origins of the "Joint Strike Fighter" (JSF) program and was to culminate in full production by 2018. The X-35 first flew on 24 October 2000 and the F-35A on 15 December 2006.
The F-35 was developed to replace most US fighter jets with the variants of a single design that would be common to all branches of the military. It was developed in co-operation with a number of foreign partners, and, unlike the F-22 Raptor, intended to be available for export. Three variants were designed: the F-35A (CTOL), the F-35B (STOVL), and the F-35C (CATOBAR). Despite being intended to share most of their parts to reduce costs and improve maintenance logistics, by 2017, the effective commonality was only 20%. The program received considerable criticism for cost overruns during development and for the total projected cost of the program over the lifetime of the jets.
By 2017, the program was expected to cost $406.5 billion over its lifetime (i.e. until 2070) for acquisition of the jets, and an additional $1.1 trillion for operations and maintenance. A number of design deficiencies were alleged, such as: carrying a small internal payload; performance inferior to the aircraft being replaced, particularly the F-16; lack of safety in relying on a single engine; and flaws such as the vulnerability of the fuel tank to fire and the propensity for transonic roll-off (wing drop). The possible obsolescence of stealth technology was also criticized.
Design
Overview
Although several experimental designs have been developed since the 1960s, such as the unsuccessful Rockwell XFV-12, the F-35B is to be the first operational supersonic STOVL stealth fighter. The single-engine F-35 resembles the larger twin-engined Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, drawing design elements from it. The exhaust duct design was inspired by the General Dynamics Model 200, proposed for a 1972 supersonic VTOL fighter requirement for the Sea Control Ship.
Lockheed Martin has suggested that the F-35 could replace the USAF's F-15C/D fighters in the air-superiority role and the F-15E Strike Eagle in the ground-attack role. It has also stated the F-35 is intended to have close- and long-range air-to-air capability second only to that of the F-22 Raptor, and that the F-35 has an advantage over the F-22 in basing flexibility and possesses "advanced sensors and information fusion".
Testifying before the House Appropriations Committee on 25 March 2009, acquisition deputy to the assistant secretary of the Air Force, Lt. Gen. Mark D. "Shack" Shackelford, stated that the F-35 is designed to be America's "premier surface-to-air missile killer, and is uniquely equipped for this mission with cutting-edge processing power, synthetic aperture radar integration techniques, and advanced target recognition".
Improvements
Ostensible improvements over past-generation fighter aircraft include:
Durable, low-maintenance stealth technology, using structural fiber mat instead of the high-maintenance coatings of legacy stealth platforms.
Integrated avionics and sensor fusion that combine information from off- and on-board sensors to increase the pilot's situational awareness and improve target identification and weapon delivery, and to relay information quickly to other command and control (C2) nodes.
High-speed data networking including IEEE 1394b and Fibre Channel (Fibre Channel is also used on Boeing's Super Hornet.
The Autonomic Logistics Global Sustainment, Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS), and Computerized maintenance management system to help ensure the aircraft can remain operational with minimal maintenance manpower The Pentagon has moved to open up the competitive bidding by other companies. This was after Lockheed Martin stated that instead of costing 20% less than the F-16 per flight hour, the F-35 would actually cost 12% more. Though the ALGS is intended to reduce maintenance costs, the company disagrees with including the cost of this system in the aircraft ownership calculations. The USMC has implemented a workaround for a cyber vulnerability in the system. The ALIS system currently requires a shipping-container load of servers to run, but Lockheed is working on a more portable version to support the Marines' expeditionary operations.
Electro-hydrostatic actuators run by a power-by-wire flight-control system.
A modern and updated flight simulator, which may be used for a greater fraction of pilot training to reduce the costly flight hours of the actual aircraft.
Lightweight, powerful lithium-ion batteries to provide power to run the control surfaces in an emergency.
Structural composites in the F-35 are 35% of the airframe weight (up from 25% in the F-22). The majority of these are bismaleimide and composite epoxy materials. The F-35 will be the first mass-produced aircraft to include structural nanocomposites, namely carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy. Experience of the F-22's problems with corrosion led to the F-35 using a gap filler that causes less galvanic corrosion to the airframe's skin, designed with fewer gaps requiring filler and implementing better drainage. The relatively short 35-foot wingspan of the A and B variants is set by the F-35B's requirement to fit inside the Navy's current amphibious assault ship parking area and elevators; the F-35C's longer wing is considered to be more fuel efficient.
Costs
A U.S. Navy study found that the F-35 will cost 30 to 40% more to maintain than current jet fighters, not accounting for inflation over the F-35's operational lifetime. A Pentagon study concluded a $1 trillion maintenance cost for the entire fleet over its lifespan, not accounting for inflation. The F-35 program office found that as of January 2014, costs for the F-35 fleet over a 53-year lifecycle was $857 billion. Costs for the fighter have been dropping and accounted for the 22 percent life cycle drop since 2010. Lockheed stated that by 2019, pricing for the fifth-generation aircraft will be less than fourth-generation fighters. An F-35A in 2019 is expected to cost $85 million per unit complete with engines and full mission systems, inflation adjusted from $75 million in December 2013.