Yashka, you can not gnaw my mother's glasses! And in general, dogs can not be on the table, tables only for cats!

Thank you all for visits, favs and comments. It's greatly appreciated!

 

is the patron saint of educators, teachers, the sick, the poor, those facing difficult situations, people with iilnesses, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, the congregation she founded, and against poverty, bodily ills, impoverishment, sickness and disease.

 

LARGE view www.flickr.com/photos/jaciii/53415226772/sizes/h/

An educator's face that shows the passage of time and a life dedicated to educating and helping others.

1st September

Cookies for me from my work😊

We've already eaten some so I added the little crafty flowers to the "flower pot" cookie.

Our daughter Maeve is a dedicated educator. Please support your local efforts to increase teacher pay!

Teachers and Counselors from around the state witness aerial refueling aboard a KC-135R from the 128th Air Refueling Wing, Milwaukee WI

Dear TV, desensitise me

Gimme more genocide, please

The world is your aphrodisiac, so you stay turned on

Every minute, every second I breathe

(Tablo - Dear TV)

 

Inspiration and location kindly offered by

Petra Hienke

Alana, an educator at the zoo, holds a turtle at a fundraising event. Certain zoo residents are identified as "ambassador" animals, who travel to educational functions, parties, and fundraising banquets like the one last night.

Nikolái Andréyevich Rimski-Kórsakov (Tijvin, 6 de marzo/ 18 de marzo de 1844greg. - finca Lubensk, 8 de juniojul./ 21 de junio de 1908greg.) fue un compositor, director de orquesta y pedagogo ruso miembro del grupo de compositores conocido como Los Cinco. Considerado un maestro de la orquestación, sus obras orquestales más conocidas —el Capricho español, la Obertura de la gran Pascua rusa y la suite sinfónica Scheherezade— son valoradas entre las principales del repertorio de música clásica, así como las suites y fragmentos de alguna de sus quince óperas. Scheherezade es un ejemplo de su empleo frecuente de los cuentos de hadas y temas populares.

Rimski-Kórsakov, al igual que su colega compositor Mili Balákirev o el crítico Vladímir Stásov, creía firmemente en el desarrollo de un estilo nacionalista de música clásica. Este estilo consistía en el empleo de canciones populares tradicionales rusas, así como de elementos armónicos, melódicos y rítmicos exóticos —práctica conocida como orientalismo musical—, evitando los métodos compositivos tradicionales occidentales. Sin embargo, Rimski Kórsakov llegaría a valorar también las técnicas occidentales al ocupar el puesto de profesor de composición, armonía e instrumentación (orquestación) musical en el Conservatorio de San Petersburgo a partir de 1871. Con objeto de perfeccionarse y de forma autodidacta estudió la armonía y el contrapunto occidentales, incorporando al mismo tiempo las influencias de Mijaíl Glinka y el resto de compañeros de Los Cinco. Posteriormente sus técnicas compositivas y de orquestación se vieron enriquecidas con el descubrimiento de las obras de Richard Wagner.

Rimski-Kórsakov combinó la composición y la enseñanza con la carrera militar, primero como oficial de la Armada Imperial Rusa, luego como inspector civil de bandas de música navales. Escribió en sus memorias que la pasión por el océano comenzó en su niñez, al leer libros y escuchar las hazañas de su hermano mayor en la marina. Su amor por el mar pudo haberle influido para escribir dos de sus obras orquestales más conocidas, el cuadro musical Sadkó (no confundir con su ópera posterior del mismo nombre) y Scheherezade. Su labor como inspector de bandas navales le sirvió para ampliar su conocimiento técnico de los instrumentos de viento-madera y metal, perfeccionando sus habilidades en el campo de la orquestación. Además de transmitir estos conocimientos a sus estudiantes, los pudo transmitir póstumamente a través de un manual sobre orquestación que fue finalizado por su yerno Maksimilián Steinberg.

Rimski-Kórsakov legó muchas composiciones nacionalistas rusas de gran creatividad y originalidad. Además, realizó arreglos de las obras de Los Cinco para que pudieran ser interpretadas en público, convirtiéndolas en parte del repertorio clásico (aunque existe controversia acerca de sus correcciones en las obras de Modest Músorgski). Formó una generación de jóvenes compositores y músicos durante las décadas que ejerció como pedagogo, por lo que se le ha llegado a calificar como el «principal arquitecto» de lo que el público aficionado a la música clásica considera el estilo ruso de composición.1 El estilo de Rimski Kórsakov se basaba en el de Glinka, Balákirev, Hector Berlioz y Franz Liszt, «transmitiendo este estilo directamente a dos generaciones de compositores rusos» e influyendo en compositores no rusos, tales como Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Paul Dukas y Ottorino Respighi.

Rimski-Kórsakov nació en Tijvin, unos 140 km al este de San Petersburgo, en el seno de una familia aristocrática con antecedentes militares. Su hermano mayor, Voin, veintidós años mayor que él, fue un conocido navegante y explorador marino.

Rimski-Kórsakov hace referencia en sus memorias que su madre tocaba un poco el piano y su padre sabía tocar de oído algunas piezas en este instrumento. Según el musicólogo Abraham, Rimski Kórsakov heredó la tendencia de su madre de tocar demasiado despacio. A la edad de seis años empezó a tomar clases de piano con varios profesores locales y mostró talento en destrezas auditivas, pero manifestaba poco interés, tocando, como más tarde escribiría, «mal, de manera descuidada,[...] manteniendo un tempo correcto a duras penas».

En el periodo en que fue a la escuela, Rimski Kórsakov tomó lecciones de piano de un hombre llamado Ulij. Estas clases recibieron la aprobación de Voin, director de la escuela en aquel entonces, porque ayudarían al joven a desarrollar sus habilidades sociales y a superar su timidez. Rimski Kórsakov escribe que mientras se mostraba «indiferente» a las lecciones, creció dentro de él el amor por la música, fomentada por las asiduas visitas a la ópera y a conciertos orquestales. Ulij se dio cuenta de que tenía un importante talento musical y le recomendó un nuevo profesor, F. A. Canille (Théodore Canillé). Empezó las lecciones de piano y composición en otoño de 1859 con Canille, del que más tarde diría ser el motivo por el que dedicó su vida a la composición. Gracias a Canille accedió a gran cantidad de música nueva para él, incluyendo la de Mijaíl Glinka y Robert Schumann. A pesar de que al joven músico le gustaban las clases de música, Voin las canceló cuando Rimski Kórsakov contaba con diecisiete años, al no parecerle ya de utilidad práctica. Canille le pidió a Rimski Kórsakov que continuara yendo a su casa cada domingo, no para clases formales, sino para tocar duetos y hablar de música. En noviembre de 1861, Canille presentó al joven de dieciocho años a Mili Balákirev. Balákirev a su vez le presentó a César Cui y Modest Músorgski. Estos tres hombres eran ya conocidos compositores a pesar de estar en la veintena. Rimski Kórsakov posteriormente escribió: «¡Con qué deleite escuchaba discusiones de temas de verdad [cursiva enfática de Rimski Kórsakov] sobre instrumentación, escritura de partes, etc.! ¡Y además, la mayor parte de lo que se hablaba era sobre asuntos musicales de actualidad! De golpe me sumergí en un nuevo mundo, desconocido para mí, del cual sólo había oído hablar en la sociedad de mis amigos diletantes. Me causó una gran impresión».

Balákirev animó a Rimski Kórsakov a que compusiera y le enseñó lo básico para empezar, aprovechando el tiempo que no pasaba en alta mar Balákirev también le urgió a que se enriqueciera leyendo libros de historia, literatura y crítica literaria. Cuando le mostró a Balákirev los primeros compases de una primera sinfonía (en mi bemol mayor) que había compuesto, éste insistió en que debía seguir trabajando en ella a pesar de su desconocimiento de las formas musicales. Durante dos años y ocho meses Rimski Kórsakov navegó en el velero clíper Almaz. A finales de 1862, ya había completado y orquestado tres movimientos de la sinfonía. Compuso el movimiento lento durante una escala en Inglaterra y le envió por correo la partitura a Balákirev antes de volver a alta mar. Al principio, el trabajo en la sinfonía mantuvo al joven ruso ocupado durante su travesía. Compró partituras en cada puerto en el que hacían escala, así como un piano para interpretarlas y ocupaba sus horas de ocio estudiando el tratado de orquestación de Berlioz. Encontró tiempo para leer las obras de Homero, William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller y Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, visitando Londres, las Cataratas del Niágara y Río de Janeiro durante sus escalas en puertos. Finalmente, la falta de estímulo musical exterior apagó las ansias de aprender del joven marinero y le confesó a Balákirev que tras dos años en el mar había descuidado sus clases de música por meses. «La idea de ser un músico y compositor poco a poco fue perdiendo fuerza», recordaría posteriormente, «las tierras lejanas me empezaron a seducir, de alguna forma, aunque, siendo sincero, el servicio naval nunca me gustó mucho y a duras penas se adecuaba a mi forma de ser».

De vuelta en San Petersburgo en mayo de 1865, las obligaciones de Rimski Kórsakov consistían en un par de horas de tareas de oficina cada día, pero recordaba que su deseo de componer «había sido reprimido [...] ya no tengo ningún interés por la música». En sus memorias cuenta que el contacto con Balákirev en septiembre de 1865 lo alentó «a habituarse a la música para más adelante sumergirse de lleno en ella». Siguiendo una indicación de Balákirev, compuso el trío restante del scherzo de su Primera Sinfonía y revisó la orquestación por completo. En diciembre de ese mismo año, la obra se estrenó bajo la dirección de Balákirev en San Petersburgo. Hubo una segunda interpretación en marzo de 1866 bajo la batuta de Konstantín Liádov (padre del compositor Anatoli Liádov).

El intercambio epistolar entre Rimski Kórsakov y Balákirev claramente muestra que algunas de las ideas para la sinfonía surgieron gracias a Balákirev. Este siempre iba más allá y no se limitaba a corregir la pieza musical, recomponiéndola al piano en algunas ocasiones. Rimski Kórsakov recordaba lo siguiente:

Un alumno como yo tenía que presentar a Balákirev una propuesta de composición en forma embrionaria, esto es, aunque fueran tan sólo los primeros cuatro u ocho compases. Balákirev se dedicaba a hacer correcciones, indicando cómo rehacer dicho embrión: lo examinaba de arriba a abajo, alabando y ensalzando los primeros dos compases, pero censuraba los siguientes dos, los ridiculizaba y hacía todo lo posible para que el autor se sintiera a disgusto con ellos. Que la composición fuera viva y fértil no siempre era un factor a favor, se requerían frecuentes correcciones y la tarea de componer se alargaba durante un largo periodo de tiempo bajo el frío control de la autocrítica.

Rimski-Kórsakov recuerda que «Balákirev y yo nos llevábamos bastante bien y sin problemas. A instancias de él accedí de buena gana a reescribir los movimientos sinfónicos que compuse y logré acabarlos con la ayuda de sus consejos e improvisaciones». Aunque posteriormente la influencia de Balákirev le llegó a resultar agobiante a Rimski Kórsakov y se desligó de él, esto no impidió que en sus memorias reconociera y alabara el talento de su mentor como crítico e improvisador. Bajo la guía de Balákirev, Rimski Kórsakov cambió su enfoque hacia otro tipo de composiciones. Comenzó una sinfonía en si menor, pero resultó ser demasiado parecida a la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven y la abandonó. Completó una Obertura sobre tres temas rusos basándose en las oberturas sobre temas populares de Balákirev, así como una Fantasía sobre temas serbios, obras que se estrenaron en un concierto en honor de los delegados del Congreso Eslavo de 1867. En su artículo sobre el concierto, el crítico nacionalista Vladímir Stásov acuñaría la frase Mogúchaya kuchka para el círculo de Balákirev (Mogúchaya kuchka se suele traducir como «El Gran Puñado» o «Los Cinco»). Rimski Kórsakov también compuso las versiones primigenias (serían posteriormente revisadas) de Sadkó y Antar, que cimentaron su reputación como compositor de obras orquestales.

Rimski-Kórsakov se relacionaba y discutía sobre música con otros miembros de Los Cinco; criticaban las piezas de cada uno de ellos y colaboraban en la creación de nuevas obras. Se hizo amigo de Aleksandr Borodín —cuya música le «fascinaba»—, y cada vez pasaba más tiempo con Músorgski. Balákirev y este último tocaban música para piano a cuatro manos, Músorgski a veces cantaba y continuamente opinaban sobre la música de otros compositores, siendo sus gustos favoritos «cercanos a Glinka, Schumann y los últimos cuartetos de cuerda de Beethoven». Felix Mendelssohn no era considerado de categoría elevada, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart y Joseph Haydn «estaban pasados de moda y componían una música ingenua» y Johann Sebastian Bach era pura matemática carente de sentimientos. Berlioz «era muy apreciado», Liszt era «un minusválido pervertido desde un punto de vista musical [...] una burda caricatura» y apenas se hablaba de Wagner. Rimski Kórsakov «escuchaba estas opiniones con avidez y absorbía los gustos de Balákirev, Cui y Músorgski sin cuestionarlos ni ponerlos en duda». A menudo, las obras musicales discutidas «eran tocadas ante mí, pero sólo algunos fragmentos y no podía formarme una opinión en profundidad». Esto, escribe, no le impidió aceptar estos juicios al pie de la letra y repetirlos «como si estuviera profundamente convencido de su verdad».

Rimski-Kórsakov fue especialmente apreciado dentro de Los Cinco y por todos aquellos que visitaban el círculo, debido a su talento como orquestador. Balákirev le pidió que orquestara una marcha de Franz Schubert para un concierto en mayo de 1868; de Cui, su ópera William Ratcliff y de Aleksandr Dargomyzhski, cuyas obras eran muy apreciadas por Los Cinco y estaba a punto de fallecer, su ópera El convidado de piedra.

En el otoño de 1871, Rimski Kórsakov se trasladó al anterior apartamento de su hermano Voin e invitó a Músorgski a que fuera su compañero de habitación. Llegaron a un acuerdo de trabajo que consistía en que Músorgski usaba el piano por las mañanas mientras Rimski Kórsakov trabajaba copiando u orquestando. Cuando su compañero de habitación se iba para realizar su trabajo de funcionario civil al mediodía, el piano quedaba entonces a disposición de Rimski Kórsakov. El tiempo por las tardes se distribuyó de mutuo acuerdo. «Ese otoño e invierno los dos llegamos a un buen acuerdo», escribe Rimski Kórsakov, «con un intercambio constante de ideas y proyectos. Músorgski compuso y orquestó el acto polaco de Borís Godunov y la escena popular "Cerca de Kromy". Yo orquesté y acabé mi Dama de Pskov».

En 1871, el compositor, que contaba con 27 años, fue nombrado Catedrático de composición e instrumentación (orquestación) en el Conservatorio de San Petersburgo, así como director de la clase de orquesta. Mantuvo su puesto en el servicio naval activo e impartía sus clases en uniforme (los oficiales militares estaban obligados a llevar su uniforme durante todo el día, dado que se consideraba que siempre estaban en servicio).

Rimski Kórsakov explica en sus memorias que Mijaíl Azanchevski, al tomar el puesto de director del Conservatorio ese año, quería sangre nueva para refrescar la enseñanza de esas asignaturas, y le había hecho una generosa oferta por sus servicios. El biógrafo Mijaíl Zetlin sugiere que Azanchevski había tenido un doble motivo. En primer lugar, Rimski Kórsakov fue el miembro de Los Cinco menos criticado por sus oponentes e invitarlo a dar clases en el Conservatorio habría sido una manera segura de decir a todos los músicos serios que eran bienvenidos allí. En segundo lugar, la oferta pudo haber sido deliberada para exponerlo a un clima académico en el cual él compondría en un estilo occidental más conservador. Balákirev se oponía a la enseñanza académica de la música con tremendo vigor, pero lo animó a que aceptara el puesto para convencer a otros a que se unieran a la causa nacionalista musical.

La reputación de Rimski Kórsakov en ese momento era la de un maestro de la orquestación, sobre la base de sus obras Sadkó y Antar. Sin embargo, había compuesto esas obras en su mayor parte de manera intuitiva. Sus conocimientos de teoría musical eran elementales; nunca había escrito ningún contrapunto, no podía armonizar una simple coral ni siquiera sabía los nombres o intervalos de los acordes musicales. Nunca había dirigido una orquesta y la marina le había disuadido de que lo hiciera, porque no aprobaban que saliera al podio en uniforme. Consciente de sus limitaciones técnicas, Rimski Kórsakov pidió consejo a Piotr Ilich Chaikovski, con el que había mantenido algún contacto ocasional. Chaikovski, a diferencia de Los Cinco, había recibido enseñanzas académicas de composición en el Conservatorio de San Petersburgo, y ejercía de catedrático de Teoría Musical en el Conservatorio de Moscú. Chaikovski le aconsejó que estudiara.

Rimski-Kórsakov escribe que mientras daba clases en el Conservatorio pronto «¡me convertí posiblemente en su mejor pupilo [cursiva enfática de Rimski Kórsakov], a juzgar por la cantidad y calidad de la información que me suministró!». Para prepararse a sí mismo, y para mantenerse al menos un paso por delante de sus estudiantes, se tomó tres años sabáticos en los que no compuso nada propio, y estudió con asiduidad en casa mientras seguía impartiendo lecciones en el Conservatorio. De manera autodidacta aprendió de manuales de texto, y siguió una estricta rutina de componer ejercicios de contrapunto, fugas, corales y coros a capela.

Rimski-Kórsakov finalmente llegó a ser un maestro excelente y un ferviente defensor de las enseñanzas académicas. Revisó todo lo que había compuesto anterior a 1874, incluso obras aclamadas por el público como Sadkó y Antar, en una búsqueda de la perfección que perseguiría hasta el final de su vida. Al haber sido asignado para dirigir los ensayos de la clase de orquesta, perfeccionó el arte de la dirección orquestal. Enfrentarse a las texturas orquestales como director y el hecho de tener que hacer arreglos adecuados de obras musicales para dicha clase, lo llevó a interesarse cada vez más en el arte de la orquestación, un área que le haría descuidar sus estudios como inspector de orquestas navales. La partitura de su Tercera Sinfonía, escrita justo después de haber completado su programa de tres años de superación personal, refleja la experiencia de sus prácticas con la orquesta.

La cátedra en el Conservatorio conllevó seguridad económica para Rimski Kórsakov, lo cual le indujo a asentarse y formar una familia. En diciembre de 1871 le pidió matrimonio a Nadezhda Purgold, con quien había mantenido una estrecha relación a través de las reuniones semanales de Los Cinco en la residencia de la familia Purgold. Contrajeron matrimonio en julio de 1872, siendo Músorgski el padrino. La familia Rimski Kórsakov tuvo seis hijos; uno de los cuales, Andréi, se hizo musicólogo, se casó con la compositora Yulia Veisberg y escribió un estudio en varios volúmenes de la vida y obra de su padre.

En la primavera de 1873, la marina creó el puesto de inspector naval de bandas y designó a Rimski Kórsakov para el cargo. A pesar de que se mantuvo en la nómina de la marina y en las listas del Ministerio de la Marina, le dieron permiso para que dejara de prestar sus servicios militares. Como inspector, hacía visitas periódicas a las bandas navales de toda Rusia, supervisaba a los directores de las bandas y sus compromisos, revisaba su repertorio e inspeccionaba la calidad de sus instrumentos. Redactó un programa de estudios como complemento a los estudiantes de música que tenían una beca de la marina en el Conservatorio e hizo de intermediario entre el Conservatorio y la marina. El puesto de inspector de bandas vino con una promoción a asesor colegiado, un rango de funcionario. «Me desprendí con alegría tanto de mi estatus militar como de mi uniforme de oficial», escribió posteriormente. «Desde ese momento en adelante fui músico oficialmente y de manera indiscutible».

Rimski-Kórsakov se dedicó con celo a sus deberes y satisfizo el antiguo deseo de familiarizarse con la construcción y la técnica interpretativa de los instrumentos musicales. Estos estudios lo llevaron a escribir un libro de texto sobre orquestación. Usó los privilegios del rango para ejercitar y extender su conocimiento. Debatía sobre arreglos musicales para banda militar con los directores, animó y revisó sus esfuerzos, celebró conciertos para oír estas piezas y orquestó obras originales y de otros compositores para bandas militares.

En marzo de 1884, una orden imperial abolió el cargo de Inspector de bandas navales, y Rimski Kórsakov quedó relevado de sus funciones. Trabajó a las órdenes de Balákirev en la Capilla de la Corte como director adjunto hasta 1894, lo que le permitió estudiar la música ortodoxa rusa. También impartió clases en la Capilla y escribió un manual sobre armonía para su empleo allí y en el Conservatorio.

os estudios de Rimski Kórsakov y su cambio de actitud hacia la educación musical provocaron el desdén de sus colegas nacionalistas, que opinaban que estaba abandonando su herencia rusa para componer fugas y sonatas. Tras esforzarse «por meter el máximo contrapunto posible» en su Tercera Sinfonía, compuso obras de música de cámara adheridas estrictamente a modelos clásicos, incluyendo un sexteto de cuerdas, un cuartero de cuerdas en fa menor y un quinteto para flauta, clarinete, trompa, fagot y piano. Sobre el cuarteto y la sinfonía Chaikovski escribió a su mecenas Nadezhda von Meck que «estaban llenas de cosas inteligentes pero [...] [estaban] imbuidas de un carácter seco y pedante». Tras escuchar la sinfonía, Borodín comentó que mantuvo «la sensación de que se trata de la obra de un tipo alemán Herr Professor que se ha puesto sus gafas y está a punto de escribir Eine grosse Symphonie in C».

Según Rimski-Kórsakov, los otros miembros de Los Cinco mostraron escaso entusiasmo por la sinfonía, y menos aún por el cuarteto. Tampoco lo fue su debut en público como director en un concierto benéfico en 1874 en el cual dirigió a la orquesta con la nueva sinfonía, considerado positivamente por sus compatriotas rusos. Posteriormente escribiría que «comenzaron, de hecho, a mirarme por encima del hombro como si fuera un fracasado». Peor aún para el ruso fueron los débiles elogios dados por Antón Rubinstein, un compositor opuesto a la música y filosofía de los nacionalistas. Rimski Kórsakov escribió que después de que Rubinstein escuchara el cuarteto, este comentó que ya «podría llegar a algo» como compositor. Escribió también que Chaikovski continuó dándole apoyo moral, diciéndole que aplaudía sin reparos todo lo que hacía y admiraba tanto su modestia artística como su fuerte personalidad. De manera privada, Chaikovski le confió a Nadezhda von Meck lo siguiente: «aparentemente ahora [Rimski Kórsakov] está pasando por una crisis y cómo acabará será difícil de predecir. O bien surge de él un gran maestro o quedará atrapado al final en sus trucos contrapuntísticos».

Dos proyectos hicieron que Rimski Kórsakov se centrara menos en hacer música de estilo académico. El primero de ellos fueron dos colecciones de canciones populares en 1874. Transcribió cuarenta canciones rusas para voz y piano a partir de las interpretaciones del cantante folclórico Tvorti Filípov, a sugerencia de Balákirev. Tras esta recopilación realizó una segunda más ambiciosa de cien canciones que le proporcionaron amigos y sirvientes, o que extrajo de colecciones raras o descatalogadas. Posteriormente, Rimski Kórsakov escribiría que haber realizado este trabajo tuvo una gran influencia en él como compositor; además le proporcionó una ingente cantidad de material al cual podría recurrir en futuros proyectos, bien para citarlos directamente o como modelos para componer pasajes «fakelóricos» (del inglés fake, falso, traducido como «pseudo-folclore» o «folclore de pega»). El segundo proyecto consistió en la edición de partituras del pionero compositor ruso Mijaíl Glinka (1804–1857) con la colaboración y ayuda de Balákirev y Anatoli Liádov. La hermana de Glinka, Liudmila Ivánovna Shestakova, quería preservar el legado musical de su hermano mediante su publicación e impresión y pagó de su propio bolsillo todos los gastos del proyecto. No se había realizado ningún proyecto similar en la historia de la música rusa, y tuvieron que establecerse y ponerse de acuerdo en pautas y directrices para la edición escolástica de las obras. Balákirev era partidario de realizar cambios en la música de Glinka con el fin de «corregir» lo que él veía como defectos de composición, mientras que Rimski Kórsakov defendía un punto de vista menos intrusivo, que, finalmente, acabaría prevaleciendo. Como posteriormente escribiría: «la oportunidad de trabajar sobre las partituras de Glinka fue una inesperada fuente de aprendizaje para mí. Incluso antes de esto ya conocía y adoraba sus óperas; pero, como editor de las partituras que iban a publicarse, tuve que analizar hasta la última nota, con lo que pude apreciar el estilo e instrumentación de Glinka. Y esto fue un trabajo beneficioso para mí, conduciéndome al camino de la música moderna, tras mis vicisitudes con el contrapunto y un estilo más estricto».

Durante el verano de 1877, Rimski Kórsakov reflexionaba sobre la historia corta titulada La noche de mayo de Nikolái Gógol. Era uno de sus cuentos favoritos desde hacía mucho tiempo y su mujer Nadezhda le había estado insistiendo en que escribiera una ópera basada en dicha historia desde el día en que se comprometieron, cuando la leyeron juntos. Las ideas musicales para tal obra databan de antes de 1877, pero ahora surgían con mayor persistencia. En invierno, La noche de mayo obtuvo cada vez más su atención; en febrero de 1878 empezó a componer en serio y acabó la ópera a principios de noviembre de ese año. Rimski Kórsakov dijo de La noche de mayo que fue de gran importancia porque, a pesar de que la obra contenía bastante música contrapuntísitca, logró «liberarse de los grilletes del contrapunto [cursivas enfáticas de Rimski Kórsakov]». Ideó la ópera en un idioma que imitaba las melodías populares y la orquestó de una manera transparente, más del estilo de Glinka. Sin embargo, pese a la facilidad con la que escribió esta ópera y la siguiente, La doncella de nieve, de vez en cuando sufrió parálisis creativas en el periodo desde 1881 a 1888. Se mantuvo ocupado durante este tiempo editando las obras de Músorgski y completando la ópera de Borodín titulada El príncipe Ígor (Músorgski falleció en 1881 y Borodín en 1887).

Rimski Kórsakov escribe que entabló relaciones con el mecenas musical en ciernes Mitrofán Beliáyev en Moscú en 1882. Beliáyev pertenecía a un creciente círculo de empresarios nuevos ricos rusos que llegaron a ser mecenas de las artes a mediados y finales del siglo XIX en Rusia, entre los que se cuentan el magnate de los ferrocarriles Sava Mámontov y el fabricante textil Pável Tretiakov. Beliáyev, Mámontov y Tretiakov «querían contribuir notablemente en la vida pública». Los tres habían labrado su camino hasta lograr la fortuna y al ser «eslavófilos» en su perfil cultural creían en la gran gloria de Rusia. Debido a esta creencia, estaban más predispuestos que la aristocracia a apoyar al talento autóctono y más inclinados a ayudar económicamente a artistas nacionalistas por encima de los más cosmopolitas. Esta preferencia era paralela al resurgimiento general del nacionalismo y la «rusofilia» que era la corriente más extendida en el arte y la sociedad rusas.

Hacia el invierno de 1883, Rimski Kórsakov era asiduo a «los cuartetos de los viernes» (Les Vendredis) que tenían lugar en la casa de Beliáyev en San Petersburgo cada semana. Beliáyev, quién había mostrado un gran interés en el futuro musical del joven Aleksandr Glazunov, alquiló una sala y una orquesta en 1884 para estrenar la Primera Sinfonía (1881) de Glazunov así como una suite orquestal que dicho compositor acababa de componer. Este concierto y los ensayos del año anterior hicieron que Rimski Kórsakov tuviera la idea de ofrecer conciertos en los que las composiciones rusas fueran las protagonistas, perspectiva que a Beliáyev le parecía excelente. Los Conciertos Sinfónicos Rusos se inauguraron durante la temporada 1886–87, siendo Rimski Kórsakov codirector junto con Anatoli Liádov. Logró dar por concluida la revisión de la Una noche en el Monte Pelado de Músorgski y la dirigió en el concierto inaugural. Estos conciertos lo sacaron de su sequía creativa, para ellos compuso ex profeso sus obras más notables: Scheherezade, el Capricho español y la Obertura de la gran Pascua rusa. Hace referencia en sus memorias que estas obras «muestran un considerable desuso de recursos contrapuntísticos [...] [reemplazados] por un desarrollo poderoso y virtuosístico de cualquier tipo de figuración, sosteniendo el interés técnico de mis composiciones».

Rimski-Kórsakov recibió una petición de consejo y asesoramiento, no sólo sobre los Conciertos Sinfónicos, sino en otros proyectos en los que Beliáyev ayudaba a compositores rusos. «Dentro de las cuestiones puramente musicales resultó que yo era la cabeza del círculo Beliáyev», escribe el compositor. «También Baliáyev me consideraba así, consultándome sobre cualquier cosa y todo el mundo se refería a mí según a ese puesto». En 1884, Beliáyev creó con carácter anual el Premio Glinka y en 1885 fundó su propia editorial de partituras de música, en la cual publicó obras de Borodín, Glazunov, Liádov y Rimski Kórsakov corriendo con todos los gastos. Para elegir a qué compositores había que ayudar económicamente, publicar o interpretar sus obras de los muchos que solicitaban su asistencia, Beliáyev estableció un consejo formado por Glazunov, Liádov y Rimski Kórsakov. Su función era la de revisar todas las composiciones y solicitudes presentadas y sugerir qué compositores eran merecedores del patrocinio y la atención pública.

El grupo de compositores que aglutinaba a Glazunov, Liádov y Rimski Kórsakov era conocido con el nombre de Círculo Beliáyev, en honor a su benefactor. Dichos compositores eran nacionalistas desde el punto de vista musical como Los Cinco. Como ellos, creían en un estilo ruso singular de música clásica que empleara temas populares y elementos melódicos, armónicos y rítmicos exóticos, cuyo paradigma es la música de Balákirev, Borodín y Rimski Kórsakov. Pero, a diferencia de Los Cinco, estos compositores creían en la necesidad de una base académica influida por la música occidental a la hora de componer, la cual Rimski Kórsakov había inculcado durante los años que ejerció en el Conservatorio de San Petersburgo. En comparación con los compositores revolucionarios del Círculo Balákirev, a Rimski Kórsakov le pareció que los del Círculo Beliáyev eran «progresivos [...] eso, unido a una gran consideración a la perfección técnica, pero [..] al mismo tiempo abriendo nuevos caminos, de manera más segura, aunque no tan rápidamente [...]».

En noviembre de 1887, Chaikovski llegó al Conservatorio de San Petersburgo, y pudo asistir a varios de los Conciertos Sinfónicos Rusos. Uno de ellos incluía una interpretación completa de su Primera Sinfonía, subtitulada Sueños de invierno, en su última versión. Otro concierto estuvo protagonizado por el estreno de la Tercera Sinfonía de Rimski Kórsakov en una versión revisada. Rimski Kórsakov y Chaikovski intercambiaron correspondencia antes de la visita y pasaron mucho tiempo juntos, también en compañía de Glazunov y Liádov. Aunque Chaikovski ya había sido un huésped habitual en casa de Rimski Kórsakov desde 1876, y que se ofreció a organizar el nombramiento de Rimski Kórsakov como director del Conservatorio de Moscú, esto supuso el comienzo de una relación más cercana entre ambos. «En cuestión de dos años», escribe Rimski Kórsakov, «las visitas de Chaikovski se volvieron mucho más frecuentes».

Durante esas visitas y sobre todo en público, Rimski Kórsakov se ocultaba tras una máscara de simpatía. En privado, la situación se le antojaba complicada emocionalmente y le confesó sus miedos y temores a su amigo, el crítico musical moscovita Semión Krúglikov. Estaba fresco en el recuerdo la tensión entre Chaikovski y Los Cinco sobre las diferencias en sus filosofías musicales; tensión tan aguda que Modest, el hermano de Chaikovski, comparó su relación en esa época como «la de dos Estados vecinos y amigos [...] preparados cuidadosamente para encontrarse en terreno neutral, pero guardando celosamente sus intereses particulares». Rimski Kórsakov observaba, no sin evitar sentirse irritado, cómo Chaikovski cada vez era más y más popular entre sus propios seguidores. Esta envidia personal se tornó también en profesional, dado que la música de Chaikovski ganaba popularidad entre los compositores del Círculo Beliáyev y permaneció en conjunto más exitosa que la de él. A pesar de todo, cuando Chaikovski asistió a la fiesta del santo de Rimski Kórsakov en mayo de 1893, este le preguntó a Chaikovski personalmente si querría dirigir cuatro conciertos de la Sociedad Musical Rusa en San Petersburgo durante la siguiente temporada. Tras pensárselo detenidamente, aceptó. Su muerte repentina a finales de 1893 evitó que cumpliera con su compromiso en su totalidad, no obstante, en la lista de obras que había pensado dirigir se contaba la Tercera Sinfonía de Rimski Kórsakov.

En marzo de 1889, el «teatro ambulante Richard Wagner» de Angelo Neumann llegó a San Petersburgo, ofreciendo cuatro ciclos de El anillo del nibelungo bajo la dirección de Karl Muck. Los Cinco habían ignorado la música de Wagner, pero dicha obra impresionó a Rimski Kórsakov, que quedó asombrado con su dominio de la orquestación. Asistió a los ensayos con Glazunov e iba siguiendo la partitura. Tras escuchar estas interpretaciones, Rimski Kórsakov se dedicó prácticamente sólo a componer óperas por el resto de su vida creativa. El uso de la plantilla instrumental por parte de Wagner influyó en su orquestación, comenzando con el arreglo que Rimski Kórsakov hizo de la polonesa de la ópera Borís Godunov de Músorgski con el fin de emplearla en conciertos en 1889.

Rimsky-Korsakov mantenía su mente cerrada en lo referente a música más aventurada que la de Wagner, especialmente la de Richard Strauss y más tarde Claude Debussy. Llegó a mostrarse enojado durante días cuando escuchó al pianista Félix Blumenfeld tocar Estampes, de Debussy, tras lo cual escribió en su diario: «pobre y mezquino hasta más no poder; no hay técnica, y mucho menos imaginación.» Esto se debía a un creciente conservadurismo por su parte (su «conciencia musical», tal y cómo él mismo lo describió), bajo el cual ahora escrutaba su música, así como la de otros. Las composiciones de sus antiguos compatriotas en Los Cinco no eran inmunes a esto; en 1895, mientras se encontraba trabajando en su primera revisión de Borís Godunov, de Músorgski, le dijo a su amanuense Vasily Yastrebtsev: «Es increíble que alguna vez me hubiera podido gustar esta música y aun así parece que hubo un tiempo en que lo hizo.» En 1901 escribiría acerca de estar crecientemente «indignado con todos los desatinos [de Wagner] para el oído», sobre la misma música que había acaparado su atención en 1889.

En 1892 Rimski Kórsakov padeció una segunda sequía creativa, debido a una enfermedad psicosomática. Se le subía la sangre a la cabeza, tenía pérdidas de memoria, confusiones y desagradables obsesiones, que lo llevaron al diagnóstico médico de neurastenia. Las crisis dentro del círculo familiar de Rimski Kórsakov podrían haber sido el factor desencadenante: las graves enfermedades de su mujer y uno de sus hijos debido a la difteria en 1890, las muertes de su madre e hijo de menor edad, así como el comienzo de una prolongada y finalmente fatal enfermedad de su segundo hijo más joven. Dejó sus puestos tanto en los Conciertos Sinfónicos Rusos como en la Capilla de la Corte de San Petersburgo y se planteó dejar de componer para siempre. Tras realizar la tercera versión del cuadro musical Sadkó y la ópera La doncella de Pskov, dio por cerrada su cuenta musical con el pasado, ninguna de sus obras previas a La noche de mayo conservaba su edición original.

Otro fallecimiento, el de Chaikovski, fue sin embargo la causa que lo llevó de nuevo a componer, puesto que esta defunción se presentó como una doble oportunidad: por un lado compondría para los Teatros Imperiales y además una ópera basada en la historia corta de Nikolái Gógol titulada La noche de Navidad (Nochebuena), una obra en la que Chaikovski también se había inspirado para componer su ópera Vakula el herrero. El éxito de la ópera La noche de Navidad lo animó a completar una ópera cada 18 meses de media entre 1893 y 1908, con un total de once a lo largo de este periodo. También comenzó otro borrador sobre su tratado de orquestación que finalmente abandonó, pero hizo un tercer intento y lo dejó casi acabado en sus últimos cuatro años de vida (lo completaría su yerno Maksimilián Steinberg en 1912). El tratamiento científico y académico de la orquestación que hace Rimski Kórsakov, ilustrado con más de 300 ejemplos de su propia obra, se convirtió en referencia para los textos de su categoría.

En 1905, hubo manifestaciones en el Conservatorio de San Petersburgo como parte de la Revolución de 1905; éstas, escribe Rimski Kórsakov, fueron desencadenadas por disturbios de la misma índole en la Universidad Estatal de San Petersburgo, en la que los estudiantes solicitaban reformas políticas y el establecimiento de una monarquía constitucional en Rusia. «Fui elegido como miembro del comité que debía solventar las diferencias con los agitados pupilos», recuerda; sin embargo, tan pronto como el comité se hubo formado, «se recomendaron todo tipo de medidas para que los cabecillas fueran expulsados, alojar a la policía en el conservatorio o cerrar el conservatorio entero». Considerado a sí mismo de siempre un liberal en lo político, escribió que sentía que alguien debía proteger el derecho de los estudiantes a manifestarse, especialmente cuando las disputas y riñas con las autoridades cada vez eran más violentas. En una misiva abierta, se puso de lado de los estudiantes en contra de lo que él veía como una interferencia sin justificación alguna en la dirección del conservatorio y la Sociedad Musical Rusa. En una segunda carta, esta vez firmada por todo el cuerpo docente Rimski Kórsakov inclusive, exigía la dimisión del director del conservatorio. En parte debido a las consecuencias de ambas cartas, escribe, aproximadamente 100 alumnos fueron expulsados y él fue destituido de su cátedra. Justo antes de que la dimisión fuera efectiva, Rimski Kórsakov recibió una carta de uno de los miembros de la directiva del centro, sugiriéndole que tomara la dirección con fines de calmar el descontento estudiantil. «Probablemente el miembro de la directiva que envió la carta representaría una opinión minoritaria, pero la firmó de todas formas» escribe. «Respondí con una negativa».

No mucho después de la destitución de Rimski Kórsakov, una producción estudiantil de su ópera Kaschéi, el inmortal provocó, en lugar del concierto que estaba programado, una manifestación política, lo que causó que la policía prohibiera la obra de Rimski Kórsakov. A consecuencia, gracias en parte a la cobertura que hizo la prensa de estos eventos, inmediatamente surgió por toda Rusia y el extranjero una ola de indignación frente a la prohibición; liberales e intelectuales inundaban la residencia del compositor con cartas de apoyo y simpatía, e incluso campesinos que nunca habían oído una sola nota de la música de Rimski Kórsakov enviaron pequeñas donaciones monetarias. Varios miembros del profesorado del Conservatorio de San Petersburgo renunciaron a su empleo en señal de protesta, incluyendo Glazunov y Liádov. Al final, unos 300 estudiantes abandonaron el conservatorio en señal de solidaridad con Rimski Kórsakov Hacia diciembre había sido rehabilitado en su cargo bajo un nuevo director, Glazunov; pero se retiró en 1906. La controversia política continuó con su ópera El gallo de oro, cuya crítica implícita a la monarquía, al imperialismo ruso y a la Guerra Ruso-Japonesa daban escasas posibilidades a pasar la censura. El estreno se retrasó hasta 1909, después del fallecimiento del compositor, e incluso entonces se interpretó en una versión adaptada.

En abril de 1907, Rimski Kórsakov dirigió un par de conciertos en París, organizados por el empresario Serguéi Diáguilev, en donde se ponía de relieve la música de la escuela nacionalista rusa. Dichos conciertos tuvieron un gran éxito a la hora de popularizar la música clásica rusa de este género en Europa, particularmente la de Rimski Kórsakov. Al año siguiente, su ópera Sadkó fue puesta en escena en la Ópera de París y La doncella de nieve en la Opéra-Comique. También tuvo la oportunidad de escuchar los últimos estrenos de compositores europeos; silbó sin tapujos al escuchar la ópera de Richard Strauss Salomé y le dijo a Diáguilev tras escuchar la ópera Pelléas et Mélisande de Claude Debussy: «¡no me hagas escuchar todos estos horrores o acabarán gustándome!» El hecho de escuchar dichas obras le permitió comprender su lugar dentro de la música clásica. Admitió ser «un kuchkista convencido» —en alusión al término kuchka (puñado), una manera en ruso de referirse a Los Cinco— y que sus obras pertenecían a una era cuyas tendencias musicales ya habían quedado atrás.

Desde principios de 1890, Rimski Kórsakov venía padeciendo angina de pecho. Este mal al principio lo iba desgastando lentamente, pero el estrés que le ocasionaron los sucesos que tuvieron lugar en la Revolución de 1905 y sus secuelas aceleraron el proceso, llegando en diciembre de 1907 a ser la enfermedad de tal gravedad que ya no podía trabajar. Falleció en 1908 en su finca de Liúbensk, cerca de Luga (hoy en día Pliúski, distrito de la Óblast de Pskov), unos 200 km al sur de San Petersburgo, y fue enterrado en el Cementerio Tijvin en el Monasterio de Alejandro Nevski de San Petersburgo, cerca de las tumbas de Borodín, Glinka, Músorgski y Stásov.

 

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolái_Rimski-Kórsakov

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Composiciones_de_Nikolái_Rim...

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Cinco_(compositores)

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Círculo_Beliáyev

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Ilich_Chaikovski_y_Los_Cinco

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Ilich_Chaikovski_y_el_Círcul...

 

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков; 18 March [O.S. 6 March] 1844 – 21 June [O.S. 8 June] 1908) was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five. He was a master of orchestration. His best-known orchestral compositions—Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade—are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his 15 operas. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects.

Rimsky-Korsakov believed in developing a nationalistic style of classical music, as did his fellow-composer Mily Balakirev and the critic Vladimir Stasov. This style employed Russian folk song and lore along with exotic harmonic, melodic and rhythmic elements in a practice known as musical orientalism, and eschewed traditional Western compositional methods. Rimsky-Korsakov appreciated Western musical techniques after he became a professor of musical composition, harmony, and orchestration at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1871. He undertook a rigorous three-year program of self-education and became a master of Western methods, incorporating them alongside the influences of Mikhail Glinka and fellow members of The Five. Rimsky-Korsakov's techniques of composition and orchestration were further enriched by his exposure to the works of Richard Wagner.

For much of his life, Rimsky-Korsakov combined his composition and teaching with a career in the Russian military—at first as an officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, then as the civilian Inspector of Naval Bands. He wrote that he developed a passion for the ocean in childhood from reading books and hearing of his older brother's exploits in the navy. This love of the sea may have influenced him to write two of his best-known orchestral works, the musical tableau Sadko (not to be confused with his later opera of the same name) and Scheherazade. As Inspector of Naval Bands, Rimsky-Korsakov expanded his knowledge of woodwind and brass playing, which enhanced his abilities in orchestration. He passed this knowledge to his students, and also posthumously through a textbook on orchestration that was completed by his son-in-law, Maximilian Steinberg.

Rimsky-Korsakov left a considerable body of original Russian nationalist compositions. He prepared works by The Five for performance, which brought them into the active classical repertoire (although there is controversy over his editing of the works of Modest Mussorgsky), and shaped a generation of younger composers and musicians during his decades as an educator. Rimsky-Korsakov is therefore considered "the main architect" of what the classical-music public considers the "Russian style" of composition. His influence on younger composers was especially important, as he served as a transitional figure between the autodidactism exemplified by Glinka and The Five, and professionally trained composers which would become the norm in Russia by the closing years of the 19th century. While Rimsky-Korsakov's style was based on those of Glinka, Balakirev, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt and, for a brief period, Wagner, he "transmitted this style directly to two generations of Russian composers" and influenced non-Russian composers including Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Paul Dukas, and Ottorino Respighi.

Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, 200 kilometers (120 miles) east of Saint Petersburg, into a Russian noble family. The Rimsky-Korsakov dynasty traced their roots to Zhigimunt Korsak, a Czech who arrived in Lithuania from the Holy Roman Empire and founded the Polish-Lithuanian Korsak coat of arms. In 1390, his sons Vyacheslav (originally Vaclav) and Miloslav escorted Sophia of Lithuania, then a wife of Vasily I Dmitriyevich, to Moscow and took Russian citizenship under the Korsakov and Miloslavsky surnames, respectively. Some of Vyacheslav's descendants were granted permission to add "Rimsky" to their surnames in 1677 to celebrate their so-called Roman roots.

Throughout history, members of the family served in Russian government and took various positions as governors and war generals. Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov was famously a lover of Catherine the Great.

The father of the composer, Andrei Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov (1784–1862), was one of the six illegitimate sons of Avdotya Yakovlevna, daughter of a simple Orthodox priest from Pskov, and lieutenant general Peter Voinovich Rimsky-Korsakov who had to officially adopt his own children as he couldn't marry their mother because of her lower social status. Using his friendship with Aleksey Arakcheyev, he managed to grant them all the privileges of the noble family. Andrei went on to serve in the Interior Ministry of the Russian Empire, then as the vice-governor of Novgorod, and then in the Volhynian Governorate. The composer's mother, Sofya Vasilievna Rimskaya-Korsakova (1802–1890), was also born as an illegitimate daughter of a peasant serf and Vasily Fedorovich Skaryatin, a wealthy landlord who belonged to the noble Russian family that originated during the 16th century.

She was raised by her father in full comfort, yet under an improvised surname Vasilieva and with no legal status. By the time Andrei Petrovich met her, he was already a widower: his first wife, knyazna Ekaterina Meshcherskaya, died just nine months after their marriage. Nevertheless, they fell in love with each other at first sight. Since Skaryatin found him unsuitable for his daughter, Andrei secretly "stole" his bride from the father's house and brought her to Saint Petersburg where they got married.

The Rimsky-Korsakov family had a long line of military and naval service. Nikolai's older brother Voin, 22 years his senior, became a well-known navigator and explorer and had a powerful influence on Nikolai's life. He later recalled that his mother played the piano a little, and his father could play a few songs on the piano by ear. Beginning at six, he took piano lessons from local teachers and showed a talent for aural skills, but he showed a lack of interest, playing, as he later wrote, "badly, carelessly, ... poor at keeping time".

Although he started composing by age 10, Rimsky-Korsakov preferred literature over music. He later wrote that from his reading, and tales of his brother's exploits, he developed a poetic love for the sea "without ever having seen it". This love, and prompting from Voin, encouraged the 12-year-old to join the Imperial Russian Navy. He studied at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Saint Petersburg and, at 18, took his final examination in April 1862.

While at school, Rimsky-Korsakov took piano lessons from a man named Ulikh. These lessons were sanctioned by Voin, who now served as director of the school, because he hoped they would help the youth to develop social skills and overcome his shyness. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote that, while "indifferent" to lessons, he developed a love for music, fostered by visits to the opera and, later, orchestral concerts.

Ulikh perceived Rimsky-Korsakov's musical talent and recommended another teacher, Feodor A. Kanille (Théodore Canillé). Beginning in late 1859, Rimsky-Korsakov took lessons in piano and composition from Kanille, whom he later credited as the inspiration for devoting his life to musical composition. Through Kanille, he was exposed to a great deal of new music, including Mikhail Glinka and Robert Schumann. Voin cancelled his younger brother's musical lessons when the latter reached the age of 17, feeling they no longer served a practical purpose.

Kanille told Rimsky-Korsakov to continue coming to him every Sunday, not for formal lessons but to play duets and discuss music. In November 1861, Kanille introduced the 18-year-old Nikolai to Mily Balakirev. Balakirev in turn introduced him to César Cui and Modest Mussorgsky; all three were known as composers, despite only being in their 20s. Rimsky-Korsakov later wrote, "With what delight I listened to real business discussions [Rimsky-Korsakov's emphasis] of instrumentation, part writing, etc! And besides, how much talking there was about current musical matters! All at once I had been plunged into a new world, unknown to me, formerly only heard of in the society of my dilettante friends. That was truly a strong impression."

Balakirev encouraged Rimsky-Korsakov to compose and taught him the rudiments when he was not at sea. Balakirev prompted him to enrich himself in history, literature and criticism. When he showed Balakirev the beginning of a symphony in E-flat minor that he had written, Balakirev insisted he continue working on it despite his lack of formal musical training.

By the time Rimsky-Korsakov sailed on a two-year-and-eight-month cruise aboard the clipper Almaz in late 1862, he had completed and orchestrated three movements of the symphony. He composed the slow movement during a stop in England and mailed the score to Balakirev before going back to sea.

At first, his work on the symphony kept Rimsky-Korsakov occupied during his cruise. He purchased scores at every port of call, along with a piano on which to play them, and filled his idle hours studying Berlioz's Treatise on Instrumentation. He found time to read the works of Homer, William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; he saw London, Niagara Falls, and Rio de Janeiro during his stops in port. Eventually, the lack of outside musical stimuli dulled the young midshipman's hunger to learn.

Once back in Saint Petersburg in May 1865, Rimsky-Korsakov's onshore duties consisted of a couple of hours of clerical duty each day, but he recalled that his desire to compose "had been stifled ... I did not concern myself with music at all." He wrote that contact with Balakirev in September 1865 encouraged him "to get accustomed to music and later to plunge into it". At Balakirev's suggestion, he wrote a trio to the scherzo of the E-flat minor symphony, which it had lacked up to that point, and reorchestrated the entire symphony. Its first performance came in December of that year under Balakirev's direction in Saint Petersburg. A second performance followed in March 1866 under the direction of Konstantin Lyadov (father of composer Anatoly Lyadov).

Correspondence between Rimsky-Korsakov and Balakirev clearly shows that some ideas for the symphony originated with Balakirev. Balakirev seldom stopped at merely correcting a piece of music, and would often recompose it at the piano. Rimsky-Korsakov recalled,

Rimsky-Korsakov recalled that "Balakirev had no difficulty in getting along with me. At his suggestion I most readily rewrote the symphonic movements composed by me and brought them to completion with the help of his advice and improvisations". Though Rimsky-Korsakov later found Balakirev's influence stifling, and broke free from it, this did not stop him in his memoirs from extolling the older composer's talents as a critic and improviser. Under Balakirev's mentoring, Rimsky-Korsakov turned to other compositions. He began a symphony in B minor, but felt it too closely followed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and abandoned it. He completed an Overture on Three Russian Themes, based on Balakirev's folksong overtures, as well as a Fantasia on Serbian Themes that was performed at a concert given for the delegates of the Slavonic Congress in 1867. In his review of this concert, nationalist critic Vladimir Stasov coined the phrase Moguchaya kuchka for the Balakirev circle (Moguchaya kuchka is usually translated as "The Mighty Handful" or "The Five"). Rimsky-Korsakov also composed the initial versions of Sadko and Antar, which cemented his reputation as a writer of orchestral works.

Rimsky-Korsakov socialized and discussed music with the other members of The Five; they critiqued one another's works in progress and collaborated on new pieces. He became friends with Alexander Borodin, whose music "astonished" him. He spent an increasing amount of time with Mussorgsky. Balakirev and Mussorgsky played piano four-hand music, Mussorgsky would sing, and they frequently discussed other composers' works, with preferred tastes running "toward Glinka, Schumann and Beethoven's late quartets". Mendelssohn was not thought of highly, Mozart and Haydn "were considered out of date and naïve", and J.S. Bach merely mathematical and unfeeling. Berlioz "was highly esteemed", Liszt "crippled and perverted from a musical point of view ... even a caricature", and Wagner discussed little. Rimsky-Korsakov "listened to these opinions with avidity and absorbed the tastes of Balakirev, Cui and Mussorgsky without reasoning or examination". Often, the musical works in question "were played before me only in fragments, and I had no idea of the whole work". This, he wrote, did not stop him from accepting these judgments at face value and repeating them "as if I were thoroughly convinced of their truth".

Rimsky-Korsakov became especially appreciated within The Five, and among those who visited the circle, for his talents as an orchestrator. He was asked by Balakirev to orchestrate a Schubert march for a concert in May 1868, by Cui to orchestrate the opening chorus of his opera William Ratcliff and by Alexander Dargomyzhsky, whose works were greatly appreciated by The Five and who was close to death, to orchestrate his opera The Stone Guest.

In late 1871, Rimsky-Korsakov moved into Voin's former apartment, and invited Mussorgsky to be his roommate. The working arrangement they agreed upon was that Mussorgsky used the piano in the mornings while Rimsky-Korsakov worked on copying or orchestration. When Mussorgsky left for his civil service job at noon, Rimsky-Korsakov then used the piano. Time in the evenings was allotted by mutual agreement. "That autumn and winter the two of us accomplished a good deal", Rimsky-Korsakov wrote, "with constant exchange of ideas and plans. Mussorgsky composed and orchestrated the Polish act of Boris Godunov and the folk scene 'Near Kromy.' I orchestrated and finished my Maid of Pskov."

In 1871, the 27-year-old Rimsky-Korsakov became Professor of Practical Composition and Instrumentation (orchestration) at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, as well as leader of the Orchestra Class. He retained his position in active naval service, and taught his classes in uniform (military officers in Russia were required to wear their uniforms every day, as they were considered to be always on duty).

Rimsky-Korsakov explained in his memoirs that Mikhaíl Azanchevsky had taken over that year as director of the Conservatory, and wanting new blood to freshen up teaching in those subjects, had offered to pay generously for Rimsky-Korsakov's services. Biographer Mikhail Zetlin suggests that Azanchevsky's motives might have been twofold. First, Rimsky-Korsakov was the member of the Five least criticized by its opponents, and inviting him to teach at the Conservatory may have been considered a safe way to show that all serious musicians were welcome there. Second, the offer may have been calculated to expose him to an academic climate in which he would write in a more conservative, Western-based style. Balakirev had opposed academic training in music with tremendous vigor, but encouraged him to accept the post to convince others to join the nationalist musical cause.

Rimsky-Korsakov's reputation at this time was as a master of orchestration, based on Sadko and Antar. He had written these works mainly by intuition. His knowledge of musical theory was elemental; he had never written any counterpoint, could not harmonize a simple chorale, nor knew the names or intervals of musical chords. He had never conducted an orchestra, and had been discouraged from doing so by the navy, which did not approve of his appearing on the podium in uniform. Aware of his technical shortcomings, Rimsky-Korsakov consulted Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, with whom he and the others in The Five had been in occasional contact. Tchaikovsky, unlike The Five, had received academic training in composition at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, and was serving as Professor of Music Theory at the Moscow Conservatory. Tchaikovsky advised him to study.

Rimsky-Korsakov wrote that while teaching at the Conservatory he soon became "possibly its very best pupil [Rimsky-Korsakov's emphasis], judging by the quantity and value of the information it gave me!" To prepare himself, and to stay at least one step ahead of his students, he took a three-year sabbatical from composing original works, and assiduously studied at home while he lectured at the Conservatory. He taught himself from textbooks, and followed a strict regimen of composing contrapuntal exercises, fugues, chorales and a cappella choruses.

Rimsky-Korsakov eventually became an excellent teacher and a fervent believer in academic training. He revised everything he had composed prior to 1874, even acclaimed works such as Sadko and Antar, in a search for perfection that would remain with him throughout the rest of his life. Assigned to rehearse the Orchestra Class, he mastered the art of conducting. Dealing with orchestral textures as a conductor, and making suitable arrangements of musical works for the Orchestra Class, led to an increased interest in the art of orchestration, an area into which he would further indulge his studies as Inspector of Navy Bands. The score of his Third Symphony, written just after he had completed his three-year program of self-improvement, reflects his hands-on experience with the orchestra.

Professorship brought Rimsky-Korsakov financial security, which encouraged him to settle down and to start a family. In December 1871 he proposed to Nadezhda Purgold, with whom he had developed a close relationship over weekly gatherings of The Five at the Purgold household. They married in July 1872, with Mussorgsky serving as best man. The Rimsky-Korsakovs had seven children. One of their sons, Andrei, became a musicologist, married the composer Yuliya Veysberg and wrote a multi-volume study of his father's life and work.

Nadezhda became a musical as well as domestic partner with her husband, much as Clara Schumann had been with her own husband Robert. She was beautiful, capable, strong-willed, and far better trained musically than her husband at the time they married—she had attended the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in the mid-1860s, studying piano with Anton Gerke (one of whose private students was Mussorgsky) and music theory with Nikolai Zaremba, who also taught Tchaikovsky. Nadezhda proved a fine and most demanding critic of her husband's work; her influence over him in musical matters was strong enough for Balakirev and Stasov to wonder whether she was leading him astray from their musical preferences. Musicologist Lyle Neff wrote that while Nadezhda gave up her own compositional career when she married Rimsky-Korsakov, she "had a considerable influence on the creation of [Rimsky-Korsakov's] first three operas. She travelled with her husband, attended rehearsals and arranged compositions by him and others" for piano four hands, which she played with her husband. "Her last years were dedicated to issuing her husband's posthumous literary and musical legacy, maintaining standards for performance of his works ... and preparing material for a museum in his name."

In early 1873, the navy created the civilian post of Inspector of Naval Bands, with a rank of Collegiate Assessor, and appointed Rimsky-Korsakov. This kept him on the navy payroll and listed on the roster of the Chancellery of the Navy Department but allowed him to resign his commission. The composer commented, "I parted with delight with both my military status and my officer's uniform", he later wrote. "Henceforth I was a musician officially and incontestably." As Inspector, Rimsky-Korsakov applied himself with zeal to his duties. He visited naval bands throughout Russia, supervised the bandmasters and their appointments, reviewed the bands' repertoire, and inspected the quality of their instruments. He wrote a study program for a complement of music students who held navy fellowships at the Conservatory, and acted as an intermediary between the Conservatory and the navy. He also indulged in a long-standing desire to familiarize himself with the construction and playing technique of orchestral instruments. These studies prompted him to write a textbook on orchestration. He used the privileges of rank to exercise and expand upon his knowledge. He discussed arrangements of musical works for military band with bandmasters, encouraged and reviewed their efforts, held concerts at which he could hear these pieces, and orchestrated original works, and works by other composers, for military bands.

In March 1884, an Imperial Order abolished the navy office of Inspector of Bands, and Rimsky-Korsakov was relieved of his duties. He worked under Balakirev in the Court Chapel as a deputy until 1894, which allowed him to study Russian Orthodox church music. He also taught classes at the Chapel, and wrote his textbook on harmony for use there and at the Conservatory.

Rimsky-Korsakov's studies and his change in attitude regarding music education brought him the scorn of his fellow nationalists, who thought he was throwing away his Russian heritage to compose fugues and sonatas. After he strove "to crowd in as much counterpoint as possible" into his Third Symphony,[70] he wrote chamber works adhering strictly to classical models, including a string sextet, a string quartet in F minor and a quintet for flute, clarinet, horn, bassoon and piano. About the quartet and the symphony, Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, that they "were filled with a host of clever thi

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.

 

Abramović, Marina. Student Body: Workshops 1979 - 2003: Performances 1993 - 2003. Milano: ed. Charta, 2003.

 

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. London: Macmillan and Co., 1911.

Bergson, Henri. Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson and John Mullarkey. New York:

 

Continuum, 2002.

Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.

 

Blaikie, William. “Common Sense Physical Training.” In Athletics and Health: Modern Achievement: Advice and Instruction upon the Conduct of Life, Principles of Business, Care of Health, Duties of Citizenship, etc. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1902.

 

Blaikie, William. How to Get Strong and How to Stay So. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1883.

 

Cunningham, Merce. Changes: Notes on Choreography. New York: Something Else Press, 1969.

 

de Balzac, Honoré. The Human Comedy. EBook: Project Gutenberg, 2010. de Balzac, Honoré. Théorie de la démarche. 1833, 1853.

 

de Biran, Maine. “Opposition du principe de Descartes avec celui d’une science de l’homme. Première base d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques. Perception et sensation animale.” In Maine de Biran. Librairie Philosophique J. VRIN, 1990.

 

de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.

 

Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.

 

Descartes, René. Méditations metaphysiques. 1641.

 

Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.

 

Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.

 

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Treatise of Physiological Optics (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik) 1856. 3 Volumes. Translated by James P.C. Southall. Milwaukee, 1924.

 

Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.

 

James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.

 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.

 

Kant, Immanuel. “Was ist Aufklärung?” 1784.

 

Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1926.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1939, 1966.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.

 

Laban, Rudolf. The Language of Movement: A Guidebook to Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1974.

  

MacKaye, Percy. “Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre; An Outline of his Life Work,” in The Drama. Edited by William Norman Guthrie and Charles Hubbard Sergel. Chicago: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1911.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and

 

Company, 1895.

 

Michelet, Jules. The History of France. Volume I. Translated by Walter K. Kelly. London: Chapman and Hall, 1844.

 

Morgan, Anna. An Hour with Delsarte: A Study of Expression. New York: Edgar S. Werner Publisher, 1891.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and

 

Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.

Richer, Paul. Physiologie Artistique: De l’Homme en Mouvement. Paris: Aulanier et Cie, 1896.

 

Sanburn, Frederic. Delsartean Scrap-book: Health, Personality, Beauty, House-Decoration, Dress, etc. New York: United States Book Company, c. 1890.

 

Schlemmer, Oskar. Briefe und Tagebücher: The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer. Edited by Tut Schlemmer. Translated by Krishna Winston. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

  

Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.

 

Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.

 

Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke

 

University Press, 2013.

 

Stebbins, Genevieve. Delsarte System of Expression, 5th Edition. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1894; orig. 1885.

 

Talbot, Frederick A. Practical Cinematography and its Applications. London: William Heinemann, 1913.

 

Wigman, Mary. The Mary Wigman Book: Her Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

 

Abramović, Marina, et al. Marina Abramović: Seven Easy Pieces. New York: Charta 2007. Acconci, Vito. Language to Cover a Page: The Early Writings of Vito Acconci. Edited by Craig

 

Dworkin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

Adolphs, Volker, and Philip Norten. Gehen Bleiben: Bewegung, Körper, Ort in der Kunst der

 

Gegenwart. Bonn: Kunstmuseum Bonn, 2007.

Agamben, Giorgio. “Movement.” In Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. Edited André

 

Lepecki. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

Alberro, Alexander, and Blake Stimson, eds. Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists’

 

Writings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

Albers, Kate Palmer. “Abundant Images and the Collective Sublime.” Exposure. Volume 46,

 

Issue 2 (Fall 2013).

 

Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

 

Alloway, Lawrence. The Venice Biennale 1895 - 1968: from salon to goldfish bowl. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society LTD., 1968.

Anderson, Ben. “Affect and Biopower: Towards a Politics of Life.” Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, Issue 1 (2011).

 

Andras, Edit, and Bojana Pejic, eds. Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe. Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2009.

 

Antliff, Mark. Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

 

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition, Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958, 1998.

 

Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969.

Atkins, Dawn, ed. Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and

 

Transgender Communities. New York: The Haworth Press, 1998.

Ault, Julie, ed. Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985: A Cultural Politics Book for the Social

 

Text Collective. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

Auslander, Philip. “Going with the Flow: Performance Art and Mass Culture.” TDR. Volume 33,

 

Number 2 (Summer 1989).

Auslander, Philip. “The Performativity of Performance Documentation.” PAJ 84 (2006).

 

Backstein, Joseph, and Daniel Birnbaum, Sven-Olov Wallenstein. Thinking Worlds - The Moscow Conference on Philosophy, Politics, and Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2008.

 

Badovinac, Zdenka. Body and the East: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

 

Baer, Ulrich. Spectral Evidence: The Photography of Trauma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Baker, George. “Entr’acte.” October. Volume 105 (Summer 2003).

 

Bale, John. Imagined Olympians: Body Culture and Colonial Representations in Rwanda. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Bale, John. Running Cultures: Racing in Time and Space. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Banes, Sally. Democracy’s Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962 - 1964. Durham, NC: Duke

 

University Press, 1993.

 

Banes, Sally. Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance, 2nd edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.

  

Bartenieff, Irmgard. Body Movement: Coping with the Environment. New York: Routledge, 2002.

 

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 198, 2010.

 

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Translated by Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. Batchen, Geoffrey. Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography. Cambridge: MIT

 

Press, 1997.

 

Baudelaire, Charles. The Parisian Prowler, Le Spleen de Paris Petits Poèmes en Prose. Translated by Edward K. Kaplan. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1989.

 

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell. Biotechnology — the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

 

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, 2015.

 

Belaief, Lynne. “Meanings of the Body.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. Volume 4, Issue 1 (1977).

 

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn. London: Verso, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Selected Writings, Volumes 1 - 4. Edited by Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003 - 2006.

 

Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.

 

Bennett, Jill. Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art. Stanford, CA; Stanford University Press, 2005.

 

Berger, John. About Looking. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

 

Bergson, Henri. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914.

  

Bishop, Claire, and Marta Dziewańska, eds. 1968 - 1989: Political Upheaval and Artistic Change. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2009.

 

Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Bishop, Claire. Radical Museology: or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art? London: Koenig Books, 2013.

 

Black, Graham. Transforming Museums in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Blaive, Muriel, and Christian Gerbel, Thomas Lindenberger, eds. Clashes in European Memory: The Case of Communist Repression and the Holocaust. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2011.

 

Blassnigg, Martha. Time, Memory, Consciousness and the Cinema Experience: Revisiting Ideas on Matter and Spirit. New York: Rodopi, 2009.

 

Bloomer, Kent C., and Charles Willard Moore. Body, Memory, and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Boecker, Henning, et. al. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.” Cerebral Cortex. Volume 18, Number 11 (2008).

 

Bougarel, Xavier, and Elissa Helms, Ger Duijzings, eds. The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2007.

 

Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

 

Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Dijon: Les Presses du réel, 1998, 2002.

 

Brandstetter, Gabriele. Poetics of Dance: Body, Image and Space in the Historical Avant- Gardes. Translated by Elena Polzer and Mark Franko. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 2015.

 

Braudy, Leo, and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

 

Braun, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge. London: Reaktion, 2010.

Braun, Marta. Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904). Chicago:

 

University of Chicago Press, 1992, 1994.

 

Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851 - 1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  

Brooke, J.D., and H.T.A. Whiting, eds. Human Movement - A Field of Study. London: Henry Kimpton Publishers, 1973.

 

Brown, Keith S., and Yannis Hamilakis, eds. The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.

 

Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Konrad Clewing, eds. Südost-Forschungen. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008.

 

Bruno, Giuliana. Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film. New York: Verso, 2002.

 

Bryzgel, Amy. Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia, and Poland since 1980. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

 

Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, 2003.

 

Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.

 

Burchell, Graham, and Colin Gordon, Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 

Bürger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press and Manchester University Press, 1974, 1984.

 

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,

 

2006.

 

Butler, Samuel. Unconscious Memory: A Comparison between the Theory of Dr. Ewald Hering and the ‘Philosophy of the Unconscious’ of Dr. Edward von Hartmann. London: David Bogue, 1880.

 

Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. Campany, David, ed. The Cinematic: Documents of Contemporary Art. Cambridge: MIT Press,

 

2007.

Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

 

Careri, Francesco. Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice. Translated by Steve Piccolo and Paul Hammond. Barcelona: Editorial Gusavo Gili, 2002.

  

Carroll, Noël. Theorizing the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cetinić, Ljiljana, and Ana Panić, eds. Štafete: Titova Štafeta - Štafeta Mladosti, 1945 - 1987.

 

Belgrade: Tipografik plus, 2008.

Chase, Stuart. Men and Machines. New York: Macmillan Co, 1929.

 

Christesen, Paul. Sport and Democracy in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

 

Christian, Mary. Marina Abramović: The Artist is Present. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Clark, Kenneth. The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Coleman, Simon, and John Eade, eds. Reframing Pilgrimage: Cultures in Motion. London:

 

Routledge, 2004.

 

Connerton, Paul. The Spirit of Mourning: History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

 

Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

 

Cottington, David. Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris 1905- 1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

 

Crane, Susan, ed. Museums and Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth

 

Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Crow, Thomas. The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent.

 

London: Laurence King Publishing, 1996.

 

Csiksgentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity! Flow and psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

 

Cumming, John. Runners & Walkers: A Nineteenth Century Sports Chronicle. Chicago: Regency Gateway, 1981.

 

Cvejić, Bojana, and Ana Vujanović. Public Sphere by Performance. Belgrade: b_books, TkH, 2012.

  

Dagg, Anne Innis. Running, Walking, and Jumping: The Science of Locomotion. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, Inc, 1977.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 1988.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Writing of History. Translated by Tom Conley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, 1988.

 

de Groote, Pascale. Ballets Suédois: Jean Börlin. Ghent: University of Ghent, 2002.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York:

 

Harmony Books, 2009.

 

Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

 

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 1980, 2008. Dewey, John. The Public and its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Edited by Melvin L.

 

Rogers. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2012.

di Giovanni, Janine. Madness Visible: A Memoir of War. London: Bloomsbury, 2005.

 

Djetelić, Pera, and Dragan Maršičević. Narodna Omladina i Jugoslovenski Kongres za Fizičku Kulturu. Beograd: Mladost, 1959.

 

Djurić, Dubravka, and Miško Šuvaković, eds. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918 - 1991. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

 

Donawerth, Jane, ed. Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900: An Anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2002.

 

Dörr, Evelyn. Rudolf Laban: The Dancer of the Crystal. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. They Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in the Hague. New York: Penguin, 2005.

 

Drapag, Vesna. Constructing Yugoslavia: A Transnational History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Abingdon: Routledge, 1995. Eamon, Christopher. Rearview Mirror: New Art from Central and Eastern Europe. Edmonton:

 

Art Gallery of Alberta, 2011.

 

Eichberg, Henning, ed. Body Cultures: Essays on Sport, Space, and Identity. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.

 

Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939, 2000.

 

Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Dublin: University of College Dublin Press, 2008.

 

Enwezor, Okwui. Archive Fever: Uses of the Document in Contemporary Art. Göttingen: Steidl Publishers, 2008.

 

Erjavec, Aleš, ed. Postmodernism and the Postsocialist Condition: Politicized Art under Late Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

 

Fer, Briony, and David Batchelor, Paul Wood. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art Between the Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

 

Finn, David. How to Visit A Museum. New York: Abrams, 1985.

Fleming, Bruce. Running is Life: Transcending the Crisis of Modernity. Lanham: University

 

Press of America, Inc, 2010.

 

Forrester, Sibelan E.S., and Magdalena J. Zaborowska, Elena Gapova, eds. Over the Wall/After the Fall: Post-Communist Cultures Through an East-West Gaze. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 

Foster, Hal. The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

 

Foster, Hal. “What’s Neo about the Neo-Avant-Garde?” October. Volume 70, The Duchamp Effect (Autumn, 1994), 5 - 32.

 

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc, 1977, 1995.

 

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume 1. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

 

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972 - 1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books,1972, 1980.

  

Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

 

Frampton, Hollis. “Eadweard Muybridge: Fragments of a Tesseract.” In On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

 

Fried, Michael. Four Honest Outlaws: Sala, Ray, Marioni, Gordon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

 

Gallagher, Catherine, and Thomas Laqueur, eds. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

 

Gamwell, Lynn, ed. Dreams Nineteen Hundred to Two Thousand: Science, Art, and the Unconscious Mind. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2000.

 

Gay, Peter. Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

 

Gehm, Sabine, and Pirkko Husemann, Katharina von Wilke, eds. Knowledge in Motion: Perspectives of Artistic and Scientific Research in Dance. Translated by Bettina von Arps- Aubert. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2007.

 

Genoways, Hugh H., ed. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: AltaMira Press, 2006.

 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory.” Theory Culture Society (August 2013).

 

Gidal, Peter. Materialist Film. London: Routledge, 1989.

Giedion, Siegfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge:

 

Harvard University Press, 1974.

 

Godard, Jean-Luc. Godard on Godard. Edited by Jean Narboni and Tom Milne. New York: The Viking Press, 1968, 1972.

 

Gödl, Doris. “Challenging the Past: Serbian and Croatian Aggressor-Victim Narratives.” International Journal of Sociology 37. No. 1 (2007).

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance: Live Art Since the ‘60s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.

  

Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

 

Golding, Sue, ed. The Eight Technologies of Otherness. London: Routledge, 1997. Gotaas, Thor. Running: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.

 

Grau, Andrée, and Stephanie Jordan. Europe Dancing: Perspectives on Theatre, Dance, and Cultural Identity. New York: Routledge, 2000.

 

Grigorov, Dimitar. “‘Рачунајте на нас.’ ‘Oдломак’ о Титовој штафети или Штафети младости.” In Друштвену историју. Belgrade: 2008.

 

Grimes, Ronald L. Beginnings in Ritual Studies. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

 

Groys, Boris. Introduction to Antiphilosophy. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Groys, Boris. The Communist Postscript. Translated by Thomas Ford. London: Verso, 2010. Groys, Boris, and Ann von der Heiden, Peter Weibel, eds. Zurück aus der Zukunft.

 

Osteuropäische Kulturen im Zeitalter des Postkommunismus. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2005.

Gržinić, Marina, and Günther Heeg, Veronika Darian. Mind the Map! History is not a Given: A

 

th th

Critical Anthology Based on the Symposium [Leipzig, 13 -16 October 2005]. Frankfurt:

 

Revolver, 2006.

 

Guttman, Allen. “Sport, Politics, and the Engaged Historian.” Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 38, Number 3 (2003).

 

Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Boston, Harvard University Press, 2001. Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Anne Vertinsky, eds. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body.

 

New York: Routledge, 2007.

 

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987, 2002.

 

Harte, Jane L., et. al. “The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotropin- releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma, and on mood.” Biological Psychology. Volume 40, Issue 3 (June 1995).

 

Harte, Jane L., and Georg H. Eifert. “The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes’ catecholamine and cortisol levels and moods.” Psychophysiology. Volume 32, Issue 1 (January 1995).

  

Havránek, Vít, ed. Jiří Kovanda: Actions and Installations, 2005-1976. Zurich: Tranzit & JRP|Ringier, 2006.

 

Helme, Sirje. PopKunst Forever: Estonian Pop Art at the Turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Tallinn: Art Museum of Estonia - Kumu Art Museu, 2010.

 

Hemmings, Frederick William John, ed. The Age of Realism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974. Hendricks, Gordon. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. New York:

 

Grossman Publishers, of Viking Press, 1975.

 

Henning, Michelle. Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

 

Hewitt, Andrew. Social Choreography: Ideology as Performance in Dance and Everyday Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

 

Higgins, Steven. Still Moving: The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2006.

 

Hoberman, John M. “Sport and Political Ideology.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 1, Number 2 (1977).

 

Hodgson, John. Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban. New York: Routledge, 2001.

 

Hoelzl, Ingrid, and Friedrich Tietjen, eds. Images in Motion. Burges: Die Keure, 2012. Husserl, Edmund. The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness. Edited by Martin

 

Heidegger. Translated by James S. Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

 

IRWIN, ed. East Art Map: Contemporary Art and Eastern Europe. London: Afterall and MIT Press, 2006.

 

Ivey, Paul Eli. Radiance from Halcyon: A Utopian Experiment in Religion and Science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

 

Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press,1991.

 

Janevski, Ana, ed. As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film: Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer. Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  

Jones, Amelia. Body Art/Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

 

Jones, Amelia, and Adrian Heathfield. Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

 

Jones, Amelia. “The Body and Technology.” Art Journal. Volume 60, Number 1 (Spring, 2001). Joseph, Brandon W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-avant-garde.

 

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

Joy, Jenn. The Choreographic. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

 

Jünger, Ernst. “War and Photography.” Translated by Anthony Nassar. New German Critique. Number 59 (Spring-Summer, 1993).

 

Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Kebo, Ozren. Sarajevo za početnike. Sarajevo: Dani, 1996.

 

Kelley, Jeff, ed. Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life. Berkley: University of California Press, 1993, 2003.

 

Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

 

Kester, Grant H. Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. Berkley: University of California Press, 2004.

 

Kholeif, Omar. Moving Image. London: Whitechapel, 2015.

Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The Revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

 

Kirn, Gal, and Dubravka Sekulić, Žiga Testen, eds. Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and its Transgressive Moments. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 2012.

 

Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Klinger, Cornelia, and Bartomeu Mari. Modernologies: Contemporary Artists Researching

 

Modernity and Modernism. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009.

Knell, Simon J., et al., eds. National Museums: New Studies from around the World. New York:

 

Routledge, 2011.

Knudson, Duane. Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2007.

  

Knust, Albrecht. Handbook of Kinetography Laban: Examples. Hamburg: Das Tanzarchiv, 1958. Koch, Sabine, et al. Body Memory, Metaphor, and Movement. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

 

Publishing Company, 2012.

Krauss, Rosalind E. “Sculpture in the Expanded Field.” October. Volume 8 (Spring 1979).

 

Krauss, Rosalind E. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

 

Kuligowski, Waldemar. “A Relay of Youth of the 21st Century. A Re-enactment of Ritual or a Grotesque Performance?” Cargo. Volume 10, Number 1 - 2 (2012).

 

Kwon, Miwon. One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002.

 

LaBelle, Brandon. Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.

 

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

 

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

 

Laws, Kenneth, and Francia Russell. Physics and the Art of Dance: Understanding Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

le Blanc, Guillaume. Courir: Méditations Physiques. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2012.

Leahy, Helen Rees. Museum Bodies: The Politics of Practices of Visiting and Viewing. Surrey,

 

England: Ashgate, 2012.

Lederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the

 

United States, 1880 - 1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

 

Lehman, Arnold L., and Brenda Richardson, eds. Oskar Schlemmer. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1986.

 

Lemke, Thomas. Bio-Politics: An Advanced Introduction. Translated by Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

 

Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. Hitler Youth, 1922 - 1945: An Illustrated History. London: McFarland & Company, Inc.,2009.

  

Lepecki, André, ed. Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

 

Leposavić, Radonja. vlasTito iskustvo. Belgrade: Publikum, 2005.

Licht, Alan. Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories. New York: Rizzoli International

 

Publications, 2007.

 

Lippard, Lucy. Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972. Berkley: University of California Press, 1973.

 

Loland, Sigmund, and Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2006.

 

Luthar, Breda, and Maruša Pušnik, eds. Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishers, 2010.

 

Mackay, Robin, and Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth, UK: Urbanomic, 2014.

 

Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short Story. London: MacMillan, 1994.

Maletic, Vera. Body - Space - Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and

 

Dance Concepts. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Marie, Michel. The French New Wave: An Artistic School. Translated by Richard Neupert.

 

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.

 

Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. 2nd Edition. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2002, 2006.

 

Marks, Laura. Touch: Sensuous Theory and Multisensory Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

 

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. “The Body in Motion.” In Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880 - 1910. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

 

Mauss, Marcel. “Techniques of the Body” (1934). In Incorporations, Zone 6. Edited by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter. New York: Zone, 1992.

 

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.

  

McGinnis, Peter M. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

 

McSorley, Kevin, ed. War and the Body: Militarisation, Practice and Experience. New York: Routledge, 2013.

 

Meltzer, Eve. Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.

 

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, 1989.

 

Metz, Christian. Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Translated by Michael Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

 

Metz, Christian. “Photography and Fetish.” October. Volume 34 (Autumn, 1985).

Meyer, James. Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties. New Haven: Yale University Press,

 

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov. Translated by Kevin O’Brien. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

 

Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 1998, 2002.

 

Mishima, Yukio. Sun and Steel: His Personal Testament on Art, Action, and Ritual Death. New York: Kodansha, 1970.

 

Mondloch, Kate. Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

 

Moore, Sarah J. Empire on Display: San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

 

Morgan, William P. “Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Volume 17, Number 1 (February 1985).

 

Morse, Meredith. Soft is Fast: Simone Forti in the 1960s and After. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.

 

Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

 

Motherwell, Robert, ed. Dada Painters and Poets. New Haven: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  

Mozley, Anita Ventura, ed. Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872 - 1882. San Francisco: Stanford University, 1972.

 

Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaction books, 2006.

 

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1934, 1955.

 

Muñoz, José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

 

Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor, Nation, and the Holocaust: The Concept of the Body Politic. New York: Routledge, 2010.

 

New Collectivism, ed. Neue Slowenische Kunst. Translated by Marjan Golobič. Hong Kong: Paramount Printing, 1991.

 

Newman, Michael, and Jon Bird, eds. Rewriting Conceptual Art. London: Reaction Books, 1999. O’Doherty, Brian. Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space. Berkley:

 

University of California Press, 1986.

 

O’Rourke, Karen. Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.

 

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. Do It: The Compendium. New York: Independent Curators International/D.A.P., 2013.

 

Partsch-Bergsohn, Isa. Modern Dance in Germany and the Untied States: Crosscurrents and Influences. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

 

Passerini, Luisa, ed. Memory and Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pavković, Aleksandar. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans,

 

Second Edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

 

Pegrum, Mark A. Challenging Modernity: Dada Between Modern and Postmodern. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000.

 

Peiffer, Lorenz. Sport im Nationalsozialismus: Zum aktuellen Stand der sporthistorischen Forschung. Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstaat, 2004, 2015.

 

Pejić, Bojana, and David Elliot. After the Wall: Art and Culture in Post-Communist Europe. Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1999.

  

Penz, Otto. “Sport and Speed.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Volume 25, Number 2 (June 1990).

 

Peoples, Crocker. “A Psychological Analysis of the ‘Runner’s High’ (Human Performance).” Physical Educator. Volume 40, Number 1 (March 1, 1983).

 

Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Petrov, Ana. “Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji.” Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. Issue 51, Number 2 (2014).

 

Pfister, Gertrud, ed. Gymnastics, A Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Phelan, Peggy. Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge, 1993. Phillips, Christopher, ed. Photography in the Modern Era: European Documents and Critical

 

Writings, 1913 - 1940. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Aperature, 1990. Phillips, Murray G. Deconstructing Sport History: A Postmodern Analysis. Albany: State

 

University of New York Press, 2006.

 

Pissaro, Joachim, et al. Martin Creed: What’s the Point of It? London: Hayward Publishing, 2014.

 

Piotrowski, Piotr. In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945 - 1989. London: Reaktion, 2009.

 

Preston-Dunlop, Valerie. Rudolf Laban: An Extraordinary Life. London, Dance Books, 1998. Preziosi, Donald. Art Religion Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity. New York: Routledge,

  

Pursell, Caroll. White Heat: People and Technology. Berkley: University of California Press, 1994.

 

Quercetani, R. L. A World History of Track and Field Athletics 1864-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

 

Rabinbach, Anson. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

 

Rabinow, Paul, ed. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984.

  

Radstone, Susannah, and Bill Schwarz, Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

 

Rancière, Jacques. Aesthetics and its Discontents. Malden: Polity Press, 2004.

Rancière, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. Translated by Gregory Elliot. London: Verso,

 

Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Continuum, 2006.

 

Rees, A.L., and Duncan White, Steven Ball, David Curtis, eds. Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

 

Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler’s Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

 

Richards, Mary. Marina Abramović. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of

 

Chicago Press, 1992.

Rosa, Hartmut. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung: Entwurf einer Kritischen Theorie

 

spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2013.

Rosa, Hartmut, and William E. Scheuerman. High-Speed: Social Acceleration, Power, and

 

Modernity. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.

Rosati, Lauren, and Mary Anne Staniszewski, eds. Alternative Histories: New York Art Spaces,

 

1960-2010. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

 

Rosenstone, Robert A., “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

Rossol, Nadine. Performing the Nation in Interwar Germany: Sport, Spectacle, and Political Symbolism, 1926 - 1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

 

Roxby-Maude, Alice, On Camera: Performance and Photography. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 2007.

 

Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

 

Salazar, James B. Bodies of Reform The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded Age America. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

  

Schechner, Richard. Essays on Performance Theory 1970 - 1976. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1973, 1977.

 

Scheerder, Jeroen, and Koen Breedveld, eds. Running Across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

 

Seckinelgin, H., and Billy Wong, eds. Global Civil Society 2011: Globally and the Absence of Justice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

 

Sekula, Allan. “The Body and the Archive.” October. Volume 39 (Winter, 1986). Semon, Richard. Die mnemischen Empmfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den

 

Originalempfindungen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1909.

Shawn, Ted. Every Little Movement: A Book About François Delsarte. Pittsfield, MA: The Eagle

 

Printing and Binding Company, 1954.

Shayt, David H. “Stairway to Redemption: America’s Encounter with the British Prison

 

Treadmill.” Technology and Culture, Volume 30, Number 4 (Oct. 1989).

Sheridan, Heather, and Leslie Howe, and Keith Thompson, eds. Sporting Reflections: Some

 

Philosophical Perspectives. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2007.

 

Siegmund, Gerald, and Stefan Hölscher, eds. Dance, Politics, and Co-Immunity: Thinking Resistances, Current Perspectives on Politics and Communities in the Arts. Volume 1. Zürich- Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013.

 

Sileo, Diego, and Eugenio Viola, PAC (Milano), eds. Marina Abramović: The Abramović Method. 2 Volumes. Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, 2012.

 

Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Slevin, Tom. Vision of the Human: Art, World War One and the Modernist Subject. London: I.B.

 

Tauris, 2015.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West. New York: Viking, 2003.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. London: Verso, 2001.

Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Picador, 1966, 2001. Sontag, Susan. “Fascinating Fascism.” The New York Review of Books (6 February 1975). Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Picador, 1977.

  

Spieker, Sven. The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Stepišnik, Drago. Oris Zgodovine Telesne Kulture na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Dražavna založba

 

Slovenija, 1968.

 

Stipančić, Branka. “‘Zame je resničnost umetnost,’ Intervju s Tomislavom Gotovcem.” Vijenac, Number 123/VI (8 Oct. 1998).

 

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stošić, Mirjana. “Body-name — The Brotherhood Chronotype and Social Choreography.”

 

Култура/Culture (2015).

Suljagić, Emir. Postcards from the Grave. Translated by Lejla Haverić. London: The Bosnian

 

Institute, 2005.

 

Susovski, Marijan, ed. The New Art Practice in Yugoslavia, 1966 - 1978. Zagreb: Gallery of Contemporary Art, 1978.

 

Sutil, Nicolás Salazar. Motion and Representation: The Language of Human Movement. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

 

Swenson, Kirsten. Irrational Judgements: Eva Hesse, Sol Lewitt, and 1960s New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

 

Szeemann, Harold. Zum freien Tanz, zu reiner Kunst. Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Taeuber-Arp, 1991.

 

Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

 

Tilmans, Karin, and Frank van Vree, Jay Winter, eds. Performing the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

 

Tumarkin, Maria M. Traumascapes: The Power and Fate of Places Transformed by Tragedies. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2005.

 

Udall, Sharyn R. Dance and American Art: A Long Embrace. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

 

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Film, Art, New Media: Museum without Walls? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 

Vertinsky, Patricia Anne. The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

  

Virilio, Paul. The Art of the Motor. Translated Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

 

Weibel, Peter. Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Vienna: Ambra Verlag, 2005.

 

Wells, Liz, ed. Photography: A Critical Introduction. New York: Rutledge, 1996/2015.

 

Westcott, James. When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.

 

White, Hayden. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

 

Wiehager, Renate, ed. Moving Pictures: Photography and Film in Contemporary Art. Ostfildern- Ruit, Germany: Hate Cantz Publishers, 2001.

 

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958/1983.

 

Wood, Catherine. Yvonne Rainer: The Mind is a Muscle. London: Afterall, 2007. Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

 

Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

 

Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.

 

Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

 

Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.

 

Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.

 

Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.

 

----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

Commemorated on a new mural in Sarasota’s Rosemary District, Emma E. Booker began teaching at Sarasota County’s first black school in 1918. At a time of racial segregation, the school was starved of resources, with old orange crates being used as desks and relying on hand-me-down books discarded from white schools. Eventually achieving recognition for her pioneering efforts, Emma E. Booker gave her name to a local elementary school - which President George W. Bush was visiting when he was informed of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

"Carita educatrice (Charity the Educator) by the sculptor Lorenzo Bartolini (1777-1850).

 

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

 

The woman is caring for two children. She encourages the older one to read. Inscribed on his scroll is the moral: "Do unto others as you would have others do unto you."

The woman personifies the virtue of Caritas(Charity) in her role as educator, a typical Italian theme. With this scuplture Bartolini contributed to a topical discussion at the time (18th century) about the importance of education in Tuscany

“Order is found in things working beneficially together. It is not the forced condition of neatness, tidiness, and straightness, all of which are, in design or energy terms, disordered. True order may lie in apparent confusion . ."

 

-Bill Mollison

This here was my first sculpture instructor. I am 90% positive that her medium of choice is painting, though.

An educator named Emily holds the shell of a egg that was actually laid by the zoo's female ostrich, Mutant.

 

Mutant will often lay an egg and just walk away from it, but in so doing, she gives the staff a good object to hold as they teach.

 

I heard one of the zoo guests ask whether ostrich eggs are edible for humans. Emily answered yes.

Created by jennip98 for the Technology Tools for Educators wiki

"A Global Educator Seeks to Balance Profit and Social Good" by STEVEN DAVIDOFF SOLOMON via NYT t.co/tlWTrIJcRJ (via Twitter twitter.com/felipemassone/status/653947547338317824)

Woodcut from The Popular Educator 1868.

A complete illustrated Encyclopaedia for Elementary, Advanced and Technical Education.

 

Published by Cassell, Petter & Galpin, London. Six volumes in three books, half leather and gilt binding with marbled covers and marbled endplates. Total 2500 pages 26cm x 19.5cm .

About Dr. Takeshi Yamada:

 

Educator, medical assistant, author and artist Takeshi Yamada was born and raised at a traditional and respectable house of samurai in Osaka, Japan in 1960. He studied art at Nakanoshima College of Art in Osaka, Japan. As an international exchange student of Osaka Art University, he moved to the United States in 1983 and studied art at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, CA and Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, MD in 1983-85, and completed his Bachelor of Fine Art degree in 1985.

 

Yamada obtained his Master of Fine Art Degree in 1987 at the University of Michigan, School of Art in Ann Arbor, MI. Yamada’s “Visual Anthropology Artworks” reflects unique, distinctive and often quickly disappearing culture around him. In 1987, Yamada moved to Chicago, and by 1990, Yamada successfully fused Eastern and Western visual culture and variety of cross-cultural mythology in urban allegories, and he became a major figure of the River North (“SUHU” district) art scene. During that time he also developed a provocative media persona and established his unique style of super-realism paintings furnishing ghostly images of people and optically enhanced pictorial structures. By 1990, his artworks were widely exhibited internationally. In 2000, Yamada moved to New York City.

 

Today, he is highly media-featured and internationally famed for his “rogue taxidermy” sculptures and large-scale installations, which he calls “specimens” rather than “artworks”. He also calls himself “super artist” and “gate keeper” rather than the “(self-expressing) artist“. His passion for Cabinet of Curiosities started when he was in kindergarten, collecting natural specimens and built his own Wunderkammer (German word to express “Cabinet of Curiosities“). At age eight, he started creating “rogue taxidermy monsters” such as two-headed lizards, by assembling different parts of animal carcasses.

 

Internationally, Yamada had over 600 major fine art exhibitions including 50 solo exhibitions including Spain, The Netherlands, Japan, Canada, Columbia, and the United States. Yamada also taught classes and made public speeches at over 40 educational institutions including American Museum of Natural History, Louisiana State Museum, Laurenand Rogers Museum of Art, International Museum of Surgical Science, University of Minnesota, Montana State University, Eastern Oregon University, Illinois Institute of Technology, Mount Vernon Nazarene College, Salem State College, Osaka College of Arts, Chemeketa Community College, Maryland Institute College of Art, etc. Yamada’s artworks are collection of over 30 museums and universities in addition to hundreds of corporate/private art collectors internationally. Yamada and his artworks were featured in over 400 video websites. In addition, rogue taxidermy artworks, sideshow gaffs, cryptozoological artworks, large sideshow banners and showfronts created by Yamada in the last 40 years have been exhibited at over 100 of state fairs and festivals annually nationwide, up to and including the present.

  

Yamada won numerous prestigious awards and honors i.e., “International Man of the Year”, “Outstanding Artists and Designers of the 20th Century”, “2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century”, “International Educator of the Year”, “One Thousand Great Americans”, “Outstanding People of the 20th Century”, “21st Century Award for Achievement”, “Who’s Who in America” and “Who’s Who in The World”. The Mayors of New Orleans, Louisiana and Gary, Indiana awarded him the “Key to the City”. Yamada’s artworks are collections of many museums and universities/colleges i.e., Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans Museum of Art, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Chicago Athenaeum Museum, Eastern Oregon University, Montana State University and Ohio State University.

 

Yamada was profiled in numerous TV programs in the United States, Japan and Philippine, Columbia, i.e., A&E History Channel, Brooklyn Cable Access Television, “Chicago’s Very Own” in Chicago, “Takeshi Yamada’s Divine Comedy” in New Orleans, and Chicago Public Television’s Channel ID. Yamada also published 22 books based on his each major fine art projects i.e., “Homage to the Horseshoe Crab”, Medical Journal of the Artist”, “Graphic Works 1996-1999”, “Phantom City”, “Divine Comedy”, “Miniatures”, “Louisville”, “Visual Anthropology 2000”, “Heaven and Hell”, “Citizen Kings” and “Dukes and Saints” in the United States. In prints, Yamada and his artworks have been featured in numerous books, magazine and newspapers internationally i.e., The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Time out New York (full page color interview), Washington Times, The Fine Art Index, New American Paintings, Village Voice 9full page interview), Chicago Art Scene (front cover), Chicago Tribune Magazine (major color article), Chicago Japanese American News, Strong Coffee, Reader, Milwaukee Journal, Clarion, Kaleidoscope, Laurel Leader-Call, The Advertiser News, Times-Picayune (front page, major color articles), Michigan Alumnus (major color article), Michigan Today (major color article), Mardi Gras Guide (major color article), The Ann Arbor News (front covers), Park Slope Courier (color pages), 24/7 (color pages), Brooklyn Free Press (front cover) and The World Tribune.

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

Reference (videos featuring sea rabbits and Dr. Takeshi Yamada):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ek-GsW9ay0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJK04yQUX2o&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrCCxV5S-EE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0QnW26dQKg&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpVCqEjFXk0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NlcIZTFIj8&feature=fvw

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UPzGvwq57g

s87.photobucket.com/albums/k130/katiecavell/NYC%2008/Coney%20Island/?action=view&current=SeaRabbitVid.mp4

www.animalnewyork.com/2012/what-are-you-doing-tonight-con...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeAdsChmSR8

 

Reference (sea rabbit artifacts)

www.wondersandmarvels.com/2012/06/coney-island-sea-rabbit...

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417188428/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417189548/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5416579163/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417191794/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192426/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192938/in/photostream

 

Reference (flickr):

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit15/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit14/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit13

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit12

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit11

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit10

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit9/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit8/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit7

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit6

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit5/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit4/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit2/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit1/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/

www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/

 

Reference (newspaper articles and reviews):

www.amctv.com/shows/immortalized/about

blogs.amctv.com/photo-galleries/immortalized-cast-photos/...

online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704828104576021750...

www.villagevoice.com/2006-11-07/nyc-life/the-stuffing-dre...

karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/06/giant-sea-serpents-and-ch...

amusingthezillion.com/2011/12/08/takeshi-yamadas-jersey-d...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/12/07/art-of-the-day-freak-tax...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/10/27/oct-29-at-coney-island-l...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/09/18/photo-of-the-day-takeshi...

amusingthezillion.com/2009/11/07/thru-dec-31-at-coney-isl...

4strange.blogspot.com/2009/02/ten-of-takeshi-yamada-colle...

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/5440224421/siz...

 

Reference (fine art websites):

www.roguetaxidermy.com/members_detail.php?id=528

www.brooklynartproject.com/photo/photo/listForContributor...

www.bsagarts.org/member-listing/takeshi-yamada/

www.horseshoecrab.org/poem/feature/takeshi.html

www.artfagcity.com/2012/09/06/recommended-go-brooklyn-stu...

 

Reference (other videos):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=otSh91iC3C4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhIR-lz1Mrs

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BttREu63Ksg

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

Teachers and Counselors from around the state witness aerial refueling aboard a KC-135R from the 128th Air Refueling Wing, Milwaukee WI

During the diabetes education training in the Philippines. May2015

About Dr. Takeshi Yamada:

 

Educator, medical assistant, author and artist Takeshi Yamada was born and raised at a traditional and respectable house of samurai in Osaka, Japan in 1960. He studied art at Nakanoshima College of Art in Osaka, Japan. As an international exchange student of Osaka Art University, he moved to the United States in 1983 and studied art at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, CA and Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, MD in 1983-85, and completed his Bachelor of Fine Art degree in 1985.

 

Yamada obtained his Master of Fine Art Degree in 1987 at the University of Michigan, School of Art in Ann Arbor, MI. Yamada’s “Visual Anthropology Artworks” reflects unique, distinctive and often quickly disappearing culture around him. In 1987, Yamada moved to Chicago, and by 1990, Yamada successfully fused Eastern and Western visual culture and variety of cross-cultural mythology in urban allegories, and he became a major figure of the River North (“SUHU” district) art scene. During that time he also developed a provocative media persona and established his unique style of super-realism paintings furnishing ghostly images of people and optically enhanced pictorial structures. By 1990, his artworks were widely exhibited internationally. In 2000, Yamada moved to New York City.

 

Today, he is highly media-featured and internationally famed for his “rogue taxidermy” sculptures and large-scale installations, which he calls “specimens” rather than “artworks”. He also calls himself “super artist” and “gate keeper” rather than the “(self-expressing) artist“. His passion for Cabinet of Curiosities started when he was in kindergarten, collecting natural specimens and built his own Wunderkammer (German word to express “Cabinet of Curiosities“). At age eight, he started creating “rogue taxidermy monsters” such as two-headed lizards, by assembling different parts of animal carcasses.

 

Internationally, Yamada had over 600 major fine art exhibitions including 50 solo exhibitions including Spain, The Netherlands, Japan, Canada, Columbia, and the United States. Yamada also taught classes and made public speeches at over 40 educational institutions including American Museum of Natural History, Louisiana State Museum, Laurenand Rogers Museum of Art, International Museum of Surgical Science, University of Minnesota, Montana State University, Eastern Oregon University, Illinois Institute of Technology, Mount Vernon Nazarene College, Salem State College, Osaka College of Arts, Chemeketa Community College, Maryland Institute College of Art, etc. Yamada’s artworks are collection of over 30 museums and universities in addition to hundreds of corporate/private art collectors internationally. Yamada and his artworks were featured in over 400 video websites. In addition, rogue taxidermy artworks, sideshow gaffs, cryptozoological artworks, large sideshow banners and showfronts created by Yamada in the last 40 years have been exhibited at over 100 of state fairs and festivals annually nationwide, up to and including the present.

  

Yamada won numerous prestigious awards and honors i.e., “International Man of the Year”, “Outstanding Artists and Designers of the 20th Century”, “2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century”, “International Educator of the Year”, “One Thousand Great Americans”, “Outstanding People of the 20th Century”, “21st Century Award for Achievement”, “Who’s Who in America” and “Who’s Who in The World”. The Mayors of New Orleans, Louisiana and Gary, Indiana awarded him the “Key to the City”. Yamada’s artworks are collections of many museums and universities/colleges i.e., Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans Museum of Art, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Chicago Athenaeum Museum, Eastern Oregon University, Montana State University and Ohio State University.

 

Yamada was profiled in numerous TV programs in the United States, Japan and Philippine, Columbia, i.e., A&E History Channel, Brooklyn Cable Access Television, “Chicago’s Very Own” in Chicago, “Takeshi Yamada’s Divine Comedy” in New Orleans, and Chicago Public Television’s Channel ID. Yamada also published 22 books based on his each major fine art projects i.e., “Homage to the Horseshoe Crab”, Medical Journal of the Artist”, “Graphic Works 1996-1999”, “Phantom City”, “Divine Comedy”, “Miniatures”, “Louisville”, “Visual Anthropology 2000”, “Heaven and Hell”, “Citizen Kings” and “Dukes and Saints” in the United States. In prints, Yamada and his artworks have been featured in numerous books, magazine and newspapers internationally i.e., The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Time out New York (full page color interview), Washington Times, The Fine Art Index, New American Paintings, Village Voice 9full page interview), Chicago Art Scene (front cover), Chicago Tribune Magazine (major color article), Chicago Japanese American News, Strong Coffee, Reader, Milwaukee Journal, Clarion, Kaleidoscope, Laurel Leader-Call, The Advertiser News, Times-Picayune (front page, major color articles), Michigan Alumnus (major color article), Michigan Today (major color article), Mardi Gras Guide (major color article), The Ann Arbor News (front covers), Park Slope Courier (color pages), 24/7 (color pages), Brooklyn Free Press (front cover) and The World Tribune.

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

Reference (videos featuring sea rabbits and Dr. Takeshi Yamada):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ek-GsW9ay0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJK04yQUX2o&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrCCxV5S-EE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0QnW26dQKg&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpVCqEjFXk0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NlcIZTFIj8&feature=fvw

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UPzGvwq57g

s87.photobucket.com/albums/k130/katiecavell/NYC%2008/Coney%20Island/?action=view&current=SeaRabbitVid.mp4

www.animalnewyork.com/2012/what-are-you-doing-tonight-con...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeAdsChmSR8

 

Reference (sea rabbit artifacts)

www.wondersandmarvels.com/2012/06/coney-island-sea-rabbit...

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417188428/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417189548/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5416579163/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417191794/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192426/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192938/in/photostream

 

Reference (flickr):

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit15/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit14/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit13

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit12

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit11

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit10

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit9/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit8/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit7

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit6

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit5/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit4/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit2/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit1/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/

www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/

 

Reference (newspaper articles and reviews):

www.amctv.com/shows/immortalized/about

blogs.amctv.com/photo-galleries/immortalized-cast-photos/...

online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704828104576021750...

www.villagevoice.com/2006-11-07/nyc-life/the-stuffing-dre...

karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/06/giant-sea-serpents-and-ch...

amusingthezillion.com/2011/12/08/takeshi-yamadas-jersey-d...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/12/07/art-of-the-day-freak-tax...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/10/27/oct-29-at-coney-island-l...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/09/18/photo-of-the-day-takeshi...

amusingthezillion.com/2009/11/07/thru-dec-31-at-coney-isl...

4strange.blogspot.com/2009/02/ten-of-takeshi-yamada-colle...

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/5440224421/siz...

 

Reference (fine art websites):

www.roguetaxidermy.com/members_detail.php?id=528

www.brooklynartproject.com/photo/photo/listForContributor...

www.bsagarts.org/member-listing/takeshi-yamada/

www.horseshoecrab.org/poem/feature/takeshi.html

www.artfagcity.com/2012/09/06/recommended-go-brooklyn-stu...

 

Reference (other videos):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=otSh91iC3C4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhIR-lz1Mrs

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BttREu63Ksg

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

About Dr. Takeshi Yamada:

 

Educator, medical assistant, author and artist Takeshi Yamada was born and raised at a traditional and respectable house of samurai in Osaka, Japan in 1960. He studied art at Nakanoshima College of Art in Osaka, Japan. As an international exchange student of Osaka Art University, he moved to the United States in 1983 and studied art at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, CA and Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, MD in 1983-85, and completed his Bachelor of Fine Art degree in 1985.

 

Yamada obtained his Master of Fine Art Degree in 1987 at the University of Michigan, School of Art in Ann Arbor, MI. Yamada’s “Visual Anthropology Artworks” reflects unique, distinctive and often quickly disappearing culture around him. In 1987, Yamada moved to Chicago, and by 1990, Yamada successfully fused Eastern and Western visual culture and variety of cross-cultural mythology in urban allegories, and he became a major figure of the River North (“SUHU” district) art scene. During that time he also developed a provocative media persona and established his unique style of super-realism paintings furnishing ghostly images of people and optically enhanced pictorial structures. By 1990, his artworks were widely exhibited internationally. In 2000, Yamada moved to New York City.

 

Today, he is highly media-featured and internationally famed for his “rogue taxidermy” sculptures and large-scale installations, which he calls “specimens” rather than “artworks”. He also calls himself “super artist” and “gate keeper” rather than the “(self-expressing) artist“. His passion for Cabinet of Curiosities started when he was in kindergarten, collecting natural specimens and built his own Wunderkammer (German word to express “Cabinet of Curiosities“). At age eight, he started creating “rogue taxidermy monsters” such as two-headed lizards, by assembling different parts of animal carcasses.

 

Internationally, Yamada had over 600 major fine art exhibitions including 50 solo exhibitions including Spain, The Netherlands, Japan, Canada, Columbia, and the United States. Yamada also taught classes and made public speeches at over 40 educational institutions including American Museum of Natural History, Louisiana State Museum, Laurenand Rogers Museum of Art, International Museum of Surgical Science, University of Minnesota, Montana State University, Eastern Oregon University, Illinois Institute of Technology, Mount Vernon Nazarene College, Salem State College, Osaka College of Arts, Chemeketa Community College, Maryland Institute College of Art, etc. Yamada’s artworks are collection of over 30 museums and universities in addition to hundreds of corporate/private art collectors internationally. Yamada and his artworks were featured in over 400 video websites. In addition, rogue taxidermy artworks, sideshow gaffs, cryptozoological artworks, large sideshow banners and showfronts created by Yamada in the last 40 years have been exhibited at over 100 of state fairs and festivals annually nationwide, up to and including the present.

  

Yamada won numerous prestigious awards and honors i.e., “International Man of the Year”, “Outstanding Artists and Designers of the 20th Century”, “2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century”, “International Educator of the Year”, “One Thousand Great Americans”, “Outstanding People of the 20th Century”, “21st Century Award for Achievement”, “Who’s Who in America” and “Who’s Who in The World”. The Mayors of New Orleans, Louisiana and Gary, Indiana awarded him the “Key to the City”. Yamada’s artworks are collections of many museums and universities/colleges i.e., Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans Museum of Art, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Chicago Athenaeum Museum, Eastern Oregon University, Montana State University and Ohio State University.

 

Yamada was profiled in numerous TV programs in the United States, Japan and Philippine, Columbia, i.e., A&E History Channel, Brooklyn Cable Access Television, “Chicago’s Very Own” in Chicago, “Takeshi Yamada’s Divine Comedy” in New Orleans, and Chicago Public Television’s Channel ID. Yamada also published 22 books based on his each major fine art projects i.e., “Homage to the Horseshoe Crab”, Medical Journal of the Artist”, “Graphic Works 1996-1999”, “Phantom City”, “Divine Comedy”, “Miniatures”, “Louisville”, “Visual Anthropology 2000”, “Heaven and Hell”, “Citizen Kings” and “Dukes and Saints” in the United States. In prints, Yamada and his artworks have been featured in numerous books, magazine and newspapers internationally i.e., The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Time out New York (full page color interview), Washington Times, The Fine Art Index, New American Paintings, Village Voice 9full page interview), Chicago Art Scene (front cover), Chicago Tribune Magazine (major color article), Chicago Japanese American News, Strong Coffee, Reader, Milwaukee Journal, Clarion, Kaleidoscope, Laurel Leader-Call, The Advertiser News, Times-Picayune (front page, major color articles), Michigan Alumnus (major color article), Michigan Today (major color article), Mardi Gras Guide (major color article), The Ann Arbor News (front covers), Park Slope Courier (color pages), 24/7 (color pages), Brooklyn Free Press (front cover) and The World Tribune.

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

Reference (videos featuring sea rabbits and Dr. Takeshi Yamada):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ek-GsW9ay0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJK04yQUX2o&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrCCxV5S-EE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0QnW26dQKg&feature=related

www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpVCqEjFXk0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NlcIZTFIj8&feature=fvw

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UPzGvwq57g

s87.photobucket.com/albums/k130/katiecavell/NYC%2008/Coney%20Island/?action=view&current=SeaRabbitVid.mp4

www.animalnewyork.com/2012/what-are-you-doing-tonight-con...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeAdsChmSR8

 

Reference (sea rabbit artifacts)

www.wondersandmarvels.com/2012/06/coney-island-sea-rabbit...

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417188428/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417189548/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5416579163/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417191794/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192426/in/photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/5417192938/in/photostream

 

Reference (flickr):

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit15/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit14/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit13

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit12

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit11

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit10

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit9/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit8/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit7

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit6

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit5/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit4/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit2/

www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit1/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/

www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/

 

Reference (newspaper articles and reviews):

www.amctv.com/shows/immortalized/about

blogs.amctv.com/photo-galleries/immortalized-cast-photos/...

online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704828104576021750...

www.villagevoice.com/2006-11-07/nyc-life/the-stuffing-dre...

karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/06/giant-sea-serpents-and-ch...

amusingthezillion.com/2011/12/08/takeshi-yamadas-jersey-d...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/12/07/art-of-the-day-freak-tax...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/10/27/oct-29-at-coney-island-l...

amusingthezillion.com/2010/09/18/photo-of-the-day-takeshi...

amusingthezillion.com/2009/11/07/thru-dec-31-at-coney-isl...

4strange.blogspot.com/2009/02/ten-of-takeshi-yamada-colle...

www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/5440224421/siz...

 

Reference (fine art websites):

www.roguetaxidermy.com/members_detail.php?id=528

www.brooklynartproject.com/photo/photo/listForContributor...

www.bsagarts.org/member-listing/takeshi-yamada/

www.horseshoecrab.org/poem/feature/takeshi.html

www.artfagcity.com/2012/09/06/recommended-go-brooklyn-stu...

 

Reference (other videos):

www.youtube.com/watch?v=otSh91iC3C4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhIR-lz1Mrs

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BttREu63Ksg

 

(updated November 24, 2012)

 

U.S. Marine Corps Gunnery Sgt. Rhonda Williams motivates educators to conduct push-ups during the Educators’ Workshop at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, S.C., March 30, 2016. The workshop was a four-day program designed to better inform high school educators and community influencers about the benefits and opportunities available during service in the Marine Corps. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt Jonathan Wright)

Teachers and Counselors from around the state witness aerial refueling aboard a KC-135R from the 128th Air Refueling Wing, Milwaukee WI

 

This booklet was property of Mrs. Irene Schultz (deceased) in honor of 25 years of service to this organization. It is approximately 1/2" thick. She began her career at Educational Testing Service in 1965. She worked for Jack Hollister (Henry Chauncey's executive associate) in Conant Hall until he retired. She then branched out to other locations throughout this sprawling campus of educators, sports fans, foodies and maniacs. She brought me in as a young teen to learn about working in the office environment, hierarchy and social climbing which I wanted no part of. I did learn something about research, computers, word processing, cars and fishing as they had some beautiful ponds as well as a fabulous cafeteria and got some great exercise. They did not have childcare facilities.

 

I also learned about office socialization which consisted of frequent wine & cheese parties, smoking, bullying, preying on the less fortunate, weight shaming, drinking, lunch dates, and golfing to name a few. There were some good people there, some younger and much older than my Mother, some insanely gifted people and some who actually did their jobs - that was refreshing - I can name three (Ms. Marge Ragosta, Mr. Richard Murphy and Mr. Harold Crane). I left ETS to begin work at Princeton University in the comptroller's office then later to the graphic arts department. Transportation to and from home was a challenge and at times I went with Mom to Princeton where I either walked or took a taxi to where I worked. That in itself was a challenge as I had not yet learned to defend myself as well as I wish I had. Dad was either fishing, sleeping or working.

 

Some of the buildings on this campus were named for warlords and some of the buildings were named for peace-keepers, or some might consider them one in the same, depending on when you visit.

 

I'm yet uncertain as to the final disposition of this booklet.

 

Irrelevant page not from book - proof "I was there": files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED109651.pdf

These screen captures from the Pompeii Walking Tour 2020 video is courtesy of the POMPEII ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK and ProWalk Tours.

 

Note to educators: ProWalk Tours as producer of the original video footage has agreed to allow my derivative still images to be licensed with Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike so they can be freely used for teaching and research publications.

 

Technical notes: I have used Topaz Sharpen AI to remove the slight motion blur in screen captures as well as Adobe Camera Raw to adjust clarity, texture, highlights, shadows, and occasionally haze and white balance. I increased dynamic contrast and added a subtle vignette with On1 Photo Raw Effects and removed distracting visitors and some barriers, as well as replaced empty skies with Photoshop and its Sky Replacement feature, changing the blend mode from Screen to Multiply to avoid excessive editing of the mask layer.

 

You can explore the Pompeii Walk video yourself here - no special hardware is required

:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUYJ8LbF1YsT

A bespoke shoot for the Meghan. An accomplished musician and teacher.

 

mamiya rz67 pro + sekor z 110mm f/2.8; kodak t-max 400

June 2014 Scratch Educator Meetup

 

Find out what happened at the June 2014 Final Scratch Educator Meetup at MIT - bit.ly/jun2014-scratch-meetup

 

Check out our events page for more info on upcoming meetups. - scratched.media.mit.edu/events

 

scratch-ed.org

Please see my Flickr profile for the link to my Etsy shop.

 

For parents and educators, there are many authors who feature hedgehogs in stories that could be used in conjunction with this toy:

 

- Jan Brett has numerous books that feature hedgehogs, and a wonderful site full of activities for children to do both at home and in the classroom at www.janbrett.com

 

- "One Snowy Night" by M. Christina Butler

 

- "One Winter's Day" by M. Christina Butler

 

- Stories featuring Mrs. Tiggy-winkle by Beatrix Potter

 

More information about these needlefelted hedgehogs and how they were created are in the previous picture.

  

 

The Discovery Educator Network in Second Life invited members to make a poster to share about what they are thankful for this year.

These posters were displayed at the DEN building on Eduisland II in Second Life.

 

This picture has been used on the following blog(s):

 

www.nickmilton.com/2010/07/people-do-not-network-without-...

 

jkohls-lms.blogspot.com/2010/08/kohls-j-wk-ii-post-what-d...

 

networks.sellsamericanhomes.com/featured/food-network-hol...

Woodcut from The Popular Educator 1868.

A complete illustrated Encyclopaedia for Elementary, Advanced and Technical Education.

 

Published by Cassell, Petter & Galpin, London. Six volumes in three books, half leather and gilt binding with marbled covers and marbled endplates. Total 2500 pages 26cm x 19.5cm .

 

More B.C. families will benefit from quality child care, thanks to investments that will encourage early childhood educator (ECE) recruitment and retention through better access to bursaries, professional development opportunities and wage enhancements.