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Image from a vintage asbestos abatement industry publication showing workers posing inside an apparent asbestos abatement work area while demonstrating cleaning activities. Abatement workers are depicted with disposable coveralls, supplied-air full-face respirators, and a portable air monitoring device (worker in background).
This advertising photo attempts to portray some basic aspects of asbestos abatement, but might have missed a few details for realism in this obvious staged set-up, such as the apparent absence of negative air pressurization acting on the polyethylene-sheet wall and floor barriers. Along this line, the placement of the negative air machine (NAM) itself appears to show its intake opening directly against the enclosure wall, hindering its ability to draw airflow (doubtful if it was actually activated); NAM intake should be directed toward the main portion of the work area. Additionally, there doesn't even seem to be an electrical cord leading to the NAM.
Further, there seems to be a distinct absence of a wetting-agent and associated applicator (no water, hose, or reservoir container); everything appears to be "dry". One of the main factors in proper asbestos abatement dust control technique is assuring materials are "adequately wet", which can greatly reduce the potential for dust particles to become airborne, typically achieved by wetting materials and work area surfaces before, during and after ACM removal. Even the worker wiping the enclosure wall should be using a wet towel or damp rag, but where is the bucket of cleaning solution? Plus, such wiping activity is usually reserved for the "final cleaning" stage, well after bulk ACM debris has been removed and containerized.
In addition to this, the assumed "asbestos" debris on the floor should've been "promptly" containerized as it was removed, not allowed to accumulate where it could be further disturbed by trampling it, haphazardly dragging hoses and equipment over it, etc., likely causing asbestos fibers to become airborne and further contaminate surfaces. Loose bulk debris also compounds cleaning efforts by unnecessarily spending more time and resources to decontaminate exposed equipment and supplies from excessive debris build-up. Further, the workers themselves in this image appear to have managed keeping their coveralls and gloves perfectly spotless, an amazing feat inside an "active" asbestos abatement work area during bulk removal.
Not to mention, the fact that the personal air monitoring device is attached to the worker performing the least riskiest job function -in this example - relative to airborne asbestos fiber exposure - wiping walls; whereas the other workers are pictured vacuuming and shoveling apparent bulk friable insulation material. Air monitoring results would probably not be fully representative of job tasks with the potential highest exposure risk.
A couple of other points: larger areas of accumulated bulk debris such as this are often cleaned using shovels and not necessarily utilizing vacuums, since the excessive bulk material reduces the service-life of the vucuum's costly HEPA-filter much quicker, tends to clog more frequently, and would also fill the vacuum canister or bag quite often, requiring frequent emptying or bag replacement. HEPA-vacuuming is typically employed for residual materials on surfaces, following substantial removal and cleanup of bulk debris.
Although perhaps a smidgeon of credit is due, since there doesn't appear to be evidence of a broom or brush inside the work area (at least not on camera). Dry-sweeping asbestos material is strictly prohibited. But, some asbestos abatement workers might have another opinion about that.
Also, the kneeling worker holding open the black waste bag does not appear to have an adequate fit "inside" his full-face respirator. The internal seal around his nose and mouth looks breached, consequently not providing the full level of protection these types of respirators are designed for.
Ah, but who's looking anyway?
With this device you can grill steaks at 500°C (932°F). The temperature of the heating elements is up to 700°C (1292°F).
GACHA device.
InStyle *Qian*
Gianni/ Legacy/Jake
The cost of the item is 75L. Transmission only.
Update the device once a time.
Tidal power device for Skye a 'world-first'
Pulse Tidal device The system sits fully submerged on the seabed
A tidal energy device dubbed by its manufacturer as a world-first is to be installed in the fast-flowing Kylerhea Narrows off Skye.
Sheffield-based Pulse Tidal said the system was the first of its kind and could operate in shallow water.
The site in the narrows was selected because of the strong tide and sheltered location.
Horizontal blades on Pulse's system are moved up and down by the tide to drive a generator.
The device sits on the seabed, fully submerged and would not be visible on the surface of the sea.
Pulse has started a year-long environmental study ahead of an application to Marine Scotland, which is part of the Scottish government, for a licence to start producing electricity commercially in 2012.
The Kylerhea Narrows is the shortest distance from Skye to the mainland at a distance of about 550m.
A community-owned ferry crosses the stretch of water from Glenelg on the mainland to Kylerhea on Skye.
In the past, cattle drovers swam across the narrows with their black Highland cattle on their way to cattle fairs in lowland Scotland.
The Bombe is a cryptoanalytic device, which has been used by the codecrackers in Bletchley Park to decipher messages encrypted with the legendary Enigma cipher machine. At its outside, The Bombe possesses of a set of wheels with letters on them, which belong to a set of cartridges with rotors. At its inside, The Bombe contains huge amounts of wires and a set of mechanical relays, resistors and other passive components.
NASAViz List of Stories on the iPhone
NASA Visualization Explorer Now Available For All iOS Devices
The popular NASA Visualization Explorer app, first launched for the iPad in July 2011, is now available for the iPhone and all devices running iOS 5.1+
A new universal version of the app is now available for download in the iTunes app store. Click here: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/nasaviz/ to download the app
The app, which features the data visualization work of NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, Earth Observatory and others, publishes two stories per week about the full range of NASA's astrophysics, planetary, heliophysics and Earth science missions.
Read more:
Join the NASAViz Community on Facebook: www.facebook.com/NasaViz
Follow us @NASAViz: twitter.com/#!/nasaviz
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
Credit: NASA/Goddard
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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Explosive - Scripts and Animations, High Quality Bento Animations, available in Full Perm and Standard versoion. Visit the store and watch live Animations: Walking, Combat, Emotive. Sitting, Lying, Dancing, Couple, Sport and Other. Some animations have built-in avatar physics. Scripts and Pose Stand are also available in the store, to inspire your photos. Reach for joy with Explosive Animations
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Summersome ward. A cancer ward. I had an isolation room. I had been staring out of the window for what seemed like hours. I had been a patient here for so many days now that I had lost count. The rain was falling lightly on the windows, that fluffy rain that anyone with long hair dreads as it turns the hair frizzy. Not heavy enough to really warrant an umbrella, just a misery to endure if caught out in it. In short; a pain in the arse.
There was a quiet knock on my door and it was gently pushed open and in walked one of the ward doctors. I hadn’t spoken to him before but had seen him doing the rounds on the open wards. From what I understood he was the senior doctor. He lifted my notes from the bottom of the bed and read them, turning over each sheet and studying it. Glancing up at me every now and then and smiling before returning to the reading. He was a kind looking man, tall and thin with combed back jet black hair. His medical coat white and crisp, a single pen in the breast pocket.
“Good afternoon Jack, you won’t remember me from seeing you in critical care. I’m Dr Crusic, I’m the senior doctor on these wards. How are you feeling?”
I was always cautious of anyone introducing themselves with ‘you won’t remember me but…’. This was normally my subconscious warning me that the following experience was simply a morphine induced fantasy, an hallucination normally so real you could reach out to touch the people. Of course, you were never given the chance so the illusion remained.
“I’m okay I think. No real pain, still can’t sleep at night but that’s down to missing my duvet and the noises. How are you?” I asked.
He looked up from reading and smiled, replacing the notes on the bar of the bed, he slowly walked over to the chair in my room.
“I am very well thank you for asking, do you mind if I sit down?”
“I don’t mind at all please do” I gestured towards the chair with my open hand.
He sat down, opened his mouth to speak and then paused before leaning towards me, hands clasped in front of him. In my business we call this foreshadowing. Despite his friendly, calm demeanour I was getting an uncomfortable feeling.
“Jack, you have responded really well to the chemotherapy so far. The diabetes issues I am working closely with the hospital team to find the best solution for you. We need to determine whether you are type one or type two. It’s still unclear” he explained.
His head was cocked slightly to the side, a warming smile as he unclasped his fingers and brought them up to his chest as if praying.
I nodded to him that I understood what he was telling me and returning his smile.
“I don’t want to be unkind but I want to inform you so you understand what I am going to tell you based on the tests we have done. Do you understand?” he asked.
I slowly nodded to him. I felt cold again. Scared again.
“The recent scan has shown that the cancer hasn’t spread, or grown bigger. This is good news. However we have been monitoring your heart and we have recorded irregularities. We have grave concerns about this” he said shifting in the seat and leaning forward. Hands now clasped and rested on his knees. “Do you understand me Jack?” he added.
I nodded. “From what I can determine, and reading between the lines, my cancer will eventually kill me but my heart will stop way before then?” I replied.
Dr Crusic nodded back at me, there was a genuine sadness in his eyes. Or maybe it was merely a reflection of my own. We sat there in silence for minutes.
“We have an excellent counsellor here on Summersome, if you feel that you need to talk someone about this Jack, I can heartily recommend her. She will be able to help you. Would you like me to ask her to stop by tomorrow morning?” he asked standing up and making his way to the door.
He stopped at the open doorway and looked at me waiting for a reply.
“Yes, I would like you to do that please. Can I ask you something before you go?” I asked.
“Sure, how can I help?” he said closing the door and sitting back down opposite me.
“I’ve had…very vivid hallucinations in the past, mostly induced by the morphine. Are we having this conversation real world or are you, everything right now nothing more than an hallucination?”
Again, there was a sadness in his eyes. It was definitely there but of course if this was another illusion of mine then it was nothing more than something I had created.
“Jack, I understand why you would ask a question such as this. It is hard to comprehend or accept ones own passing, far easier for you to think that this conversation never happened. Dr Hardy, our counsellor would be able to help you with this and many other emotions and questions that you may have now and in the days ahead. I really think you should speak with her” he replied.
I nodded to him, didn’t feel anything else needed to be said.
“Is there anything else I can help with or get you before I go Jack?”
“No thank you doctor, I’m okay I think” I replied.
“I will check back on you in three days time, it was good to meet you Jack. Of course, should you need anything make sure to ring your room bell and one of the nurses will be right with you. Good bye” he said. Then he was gone the door slowly closing behind him.
I returned to looking out of the window, the rain was now much heavier and drumming against the windows. Rivulets of silvery beads battering the glass then finally falling away leaving no wake. I resumed my music application on my laptop, Visage Fade to Grey started playing quietly.
Another knock at my door and the nurse cheerfully asking to take my vitals. Blood pressure, a device they put over my finger, still not sure what that measures. Then the prick test. She asks me which finger and I hold my ring finger to her. Sharp pain and then she’s saying goodbye and out of the door.
Laying back on the bed and pulling the blankets over me, I was lost in my thoughts and closed my eyes. I felt a slight pressure on my shoulder, opening my eyes there was a nurse standing over me. Still very much drowsy I offered my arm to her.
“Jack it’s okay I’m Dr Hardy, I’m a counsellor. Dr Crusic asked me to stop in to see you before I left as he was concerned.”
She was leaning slightly towards me smiling. She continued to rest her hand on my shoulder, reassuring me. Dish water blonde tied up, down I imagined scrambled yellow hair cascading over her shoulders. She had tattoos down her arms, her ears pierced several times with hoops and studs. She had grey green eyes, not cold though. Petite but not a waif. I would guess she was late twenties, possibly a youthful early thirties. She had an energy to her, one that I could well imagine would be contagious.
“I wanted to introduce myself and ask whether I could have a chat with you tomorrow at eleven o’clock?” she asked.
This felt like a real experience, that she was really there. However I have been greatly deceived by my mind before as I have mentioned.
Another knock at the door and the nurse came in again cheerfully announcing it was time to check the vitals. I asked her that she had only just done that hadn’t she, I mean it felt like only fifteen minutes since I had last seen her.
“Oh bless you, two hours ago Jack, you had fallen asleep” the nurse replied as she wrapped the sleeve around my arm.
Turning to Dr Hardy, “that’s fine doctor, eleven o’clock tomorrow is perfect for me. As you can see I have busy schedule here each day but I’m sure my eleven slot is clear” I said jokingly.
“It’s a date, I will leave you with Claire and I will see you at eleven. Good bye Jack”. Dr Hardy left the room, pausing at the door to glance back at me and smile.
Nurse Claire had been talking to me but I hadn’t heard a word of it.
“Sorry Claire, I was miles away, what did you say?”
“My son listens to this band, he used to play this song all time when he was a teenager. Lovestruck teenager” she said raising her eyebrows and sighing.
“It’s Marillion and the song is Cinderella Search” I said.
“Yes of course, Marillion. I remember now. He would sit up in his room listening to this song endlessly.” She pauses for a moment. “Vitals are all good Jack, it will be Chloe taking over for the night checks. Have a good evening” and with that she was out of the door.
“Welcome to the Circus” I said to myself and went back to staring out of the window. Neither one of us (wants to be the first to say goodbye) drifted lazily around the room. I pulled the blankets up to my chin and closed my eyes. I could hear the rain pelting the windows once more, it was going to be a long night.
The room went silent. Shouting from somewhere on the ward startled me. The toilet opposite my room flushed. The noise of a drip trolley gliding over the tiled floor. The heavy footfall of someone in the corridor. Screaming. The incessant beating of the rain against the windows. The thunderous sound of a crash trolley being wheeled outside in the corridor. The screaming came to an abrupt halt. The sound of something metallic hitting the floor. I pulled the blankets tighter around me.
If you enjoy this content, please consider buying me a coffee at www.buymeacoffee.com/grifandesqz- Thank you.
I am diagnosed with terminal stage 4 colon cancer that has metastasised to my liver. I now have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes and as a result of the colon cancer, I have an ileostomy called Elvis.
A Polish Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) specialist walks towards a suspected Improvised Explosive Device (IED) in his full bomb suit during exercise Northern Challenge 2017.
The exercise Northern Challenge is a multinational Bomb Disposal Exercise which takes place at the Icelandic Coast Guard facility in Keflavik, Iceland.
Printer's device of Johann Faber (d. 1542).
[Pitts identifies it as the device of Christian Egenolff (1502-1555) here, however, Faber printed this book and the monogram at bottom right looks like IFE (for Iohannes Faber Emmeus, as he was wont to call himself).]
Penn Libraries call number: GC5 F1125 529s
Abstract from the Chronicles of the Old Earth:
« In the year 2305 and asteroid is discovered in a collision course with Earth. Every State on the planet agreed to move the population to other places like Mars, the Moon, or the recent Terranova base at the Alpha Centauri B system. The evacuation of the planet was peremptory if the quasi extinction of the human race was to be avoided. Two decades afterwards, the asteroid is just upon the Earth, but reduces its velocity drastically, until impacting on the province of Badajoz (Spain), in the European continent. The great crater becomes a tourist attraction, and many of the exiles return to their homes to resume a life they began to yearn. »
« In 2335, millions of insectoid looking bugs emerge from the depths of the Earth. Like a guided panspermia, the Earth is colonized by creatures that annihilate without pity any living being. The fight is fierce and brutal, the 1st Corps of International Armies fights these hordes obtaining pyrrhic victories at the expense of a lot of human lives. Troops decrease in number, and the enemies only increase. The Council of States decides almost with unanimity to abandon the fight, to let the inhabitants evacuate and leave to their devices to those who wish to stay. Mother Earth has been abandoned, and the human hearts mourn its loss. »
700 years have passed, we are in the first months of 3017, all memory of the Earth has been buried in oblivion, cut off of minds and hearts; but not only because its painful loss, but also because of some spurious motives that justify this forgetfulness. The ship Columbus, during one of its exploration voyages, suffers a breakdown in its warp drive. They are stranded in space, near a planet not reflected on the navigation charts of the knowledge core. The repairs would mean a delay of several months in its mission, but the scans have revealed interesting resources on this blue planet. An outpost is built, the terrain is conditioned for the cargo and transport platforms, allowing the research work to begin. The constructions are human, there is barely any animal life; but plenty of plat life, the atmosphere is breathable, rich in oxygen. Everything is very strange. What planet is this and how come there are no records about it? In the following days they find an ovoid case with an specimen inside, the decision is clear: transport it to the Columbus for further study. And then… then the apocalypse is unleashed.
This diorama has been build by the Brickstons Group members ( Pepi Blas, Victor M. Nouvillas, Emiliano Martinez and Alfonso Abeger) and Evo García, Luis López and Juan Manuel Boillos.
You can see all the photos in this album www.flickr.com/photos/144538203@N07/albums/72157681054545022
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Extracto de las Crónicas
de la Vieja Tierra:
«En el año 2305 se descubre un asteroide que tiene ruta de colisión con la Tierra. Todos los Estados acordaron trasladar a la población hacia otros lugares como Marte o la Luna y la reciente base de Terranova en el sistema Alfa Centauri B. La evacuación del planeta era perentoria si se quería evitar la quasi extinción de la especie humana. Dos décadas después el asteroide se cierne sobre la Tierra, pero reduce drásticamente su velocidad hasta impactar en la provincia de Badajoz (España), en el continente Europeo. El gran cráter se convierte en un reclamo turístico y muchos de los exiliados vuelven a sus hogares para retomar una vida que añoran.
»En el 2335, millones de bichos con aspecto insectoide emergen de las profundidades terrestres. Como una gran panspermia dirigida, la Tierra es colonizada por unas criaturas que aniquilan sin piedad a cualquier ser vivo. La lucha es encarnizada y brutal, el I Cuerpo de Ejércitos Internacional se bate contra estas hordas obteniendo pírricas victorias a costa de muchas vidas humanas. Los efectivos disminuyen y los enemigos no dejan de aumentar. El Consejo de Estados decide casi por unanimidad abandonar la lucha, permitir a los habitantes la evacuación y dejar a su suerte a aquellas personas que decidan quedarse. Se ha renunciado a la madre Tierra y los corazones humanos lloran la pérdida.»
Han pasado 700 años, corren los primeros meses del 3017, todo recuerdo sobre la Tierra ha sido enterrado en el olvido, cercenado de mentes y corazones; pero no sólo por lo doloroso de la pérdida, también por motivos espurios que justifican este olvido.
La nave Columbus en uno de sus viajes de exploración del universo sufre una avería en el motor de curvatura. Han quedado varados en el espacio, cerca de un planeta sin reflejo en las cartas de navegación del núcleo de conocimientos.La reparación supondrá un retraso de varios meses en su misión, pero los resultados de los escáneres han permitido conocer que existen recursos interesantes en ese planeta azul. Se monta un puesto de avanzada y exploración, se acondiciona el terreno para las plataformas de carga y transporte permitiendo iniciar los trabajos de investigación. Las construcciones son humanas, apenas encuentran vida animal; pero sí vegetal, la atmósfera es respirable, rica en oxígeno. Todo es muy extraño. ¿Qué planeta es este del que no se tienen datos?
En el devenir de los días hallan una carcasa ovoide con un espécimen dentro, la decisión es clara, transportarlo a la Columbus para su ulterior estudio. Y entonces… entonces se desata el apocalipsis.
Este diorama lo han construido los miembros de The Brickstons Group Pepi Blas, Victor M. Nouvillas, Emiliano Martinez y Alfonso Abeger, con la colaboración adicional de Evo García, Luis López y Juan Manuel Boillos.
Puedes ver todas las fotos en este álbum www.flickr.com/photos/144538203@N07/albums/72157681054545022
[ FOUND NEW HARDWARE ]
[ SEARCHING FOR DEVICE DRIVERS ]
I arise from the fluid that enveloped me.
I see leaves and bright flowers.
I hear wind rustling.
I feel ... alive?
[ INITIATING AUTONOMOUS LEARNING MODE ]
For more photos, see the full set.
A vignette to celebrate a total re-sort of my collection over the past week. It's a great feeling to be able to find stuff :)
LTC "Greg" Gadson and SGT Knight
Both men are not just strong, they are Army Strong! LTC Greg Gadson (l) lost his legs but survived an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attack and SGT Knight (r) lost his legs but survived the explosion from a Home Made Explosive (HME) device.
This gentleman looks sad in this photo but I was able to eavesdrop a bit, and he was just having a normal convo with a friend. I took the picture because of the enormous electronic device on his arm. I see a lot of these as I drift around. What the hell are people wearing on their arms? You could take an EKG with a device this size. Hell you could probably run an airport.
Hello Reddit!!
If you haven't had the PLEASURE of playing portal OR portal 2... YOU ARE MISSING OUT MY FRIENDS. Anyways, I was so enamored with the 50's portion of this second installment that I had to make some designs. Should I play through the game again?
YES.
The AirPods Pro in all their minimalistic glory. Do you think the designers were hopped up on Star Wars when they designed this?
Device : Nikon D7200 with 18-140 mm lens.
Location : Curzon Hall, Dhaka University.
Captured Date : 07 june 2016
In preparation for the FAFM photo for "Smoke", I had to make this make-shift 'smoke producing device' to create the smoke for the photo. As always, I have the correct 'supervision' so as to prevent accidents. The string produced a longer trail of smoke so I could take multiple photos and then choose the best one for the FAFM group. While not 'perfect' (and even a two-wick candle didn't suffice with sufficient smoke after extinguishing) this string would smolder for over a minute. The can is a clean tuna can, and the wire is 14-gauge copper wire.
Young Asian woman with protective face mask using smartphone while commuting in the city and waiting for train in platform
A not dissimilar view to the last shot, but showing a couple of interesting features not shown before.
In the north gable wall, the remains of which I am standing in, two mural chambers can be seen on the extreme right. The upper one was simply a small room off the north end of the Hall, perhaps a strong room. The inner wall has failed at the doorway leading to it, holes for the door bolt being still visible in the jamb. The lower room is an access passage which at its far end has a very small hatchway in its floor, 18 inches square, which forms the entrance to a dark dungeon in the north-west angle of the keep. I didn't know about this so I didn't go looking, but I believe it is all still there to be seen. In the wall below where I am standing, was the entrance passage leading into the ground floor, with an opening to the left leading to the stair. This is all buried now in the rubble from the collapsed roof vaults etc.
The other item of interest in this photo is the remains of the massive Hall fireplace, the base of it level with the top of the lower vault. The remains of carving can still be seen on the jambs and there is an aumbry in the far side. To me the most interesting feature is what looks like a narrow ledge in the back wall of the fireplace (it shows as a dark line), probably just above the level of where the lintel would have been (so just up into the chimney). Formed from two stones, it has wording in prominent Gothic script carved on its lower face. The left stone has 'Maria' carved into it but the right stone is no longer decipherable.
Maria obviously refers to the Virgin Mary and It is thought the other was a saint's name and that their purpose was to deter evil spirits from entering the house through an otherwise 'unprotected' entry point (down the chimney) and bringing bad luck. In medieval Scotland, witchcraft was many people's biggest fear. This was a form of what is known as an Apotropaic Device, intended to divert the 'evil eye', and similar to the eyes painted on the bows of fishing boats in Asia or gargoyles on medieval churches, or even hanging a cross on a chain round your neck! (Carving faces into pumpkins at Halloween is supposed to serve the same purpose!) Anyway, if that was indeed its purpose here, it was, as events will show, to fail spectacularly!!
"F.C.C. Approves Swapping Cable Box for Cheaper Devices" by REUTERS via NYT t.co/aQx5Mk59LG (via Twitter twitter.com/felipemassone/status/700532660947591168)
Many of us who fly regularly have most probably seen a so-called winglet or wingtip device at the end of the wing of an airliner at least once. It is showing up more and more often on more and more types of aircraft, thus we felt it’s time to give an overview to our readers about these sometimes funny, sometimes cool and stylish looking aircraft parts.
History, Reason and Benefits
The initial theoretical concept goes back to times before even the Wright Brothers first took to the skies in 1905, but it was picked up and developed by Richard T. Whitcomb of NASA after the 1973 oil crisis – in order to reduce fuel consumption. The first tests were carried out in 1979/80 in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force. At almost the same time, but independent of any U.S. military organization, a private jet producer, LearJet exhibited a prototype in 1977: the LearJet 28 that featured the first winglets on a jet and a production aircraft. Flight tests made with and without winglets showed that the winglets increased range by about 6.5 percent and also improved directional stability for the LearJet- these two factors are the major reasons behind using this facility at any fixed wing aircraft ever since. A winglet is a (near) vertical extension of the wing tips. The upward angle of the winglet, its inward angle as well as its size and shape are critical for correct performance – this is why they can look quite different. Air rotating around the wing strikes the surface of the winglet that directs it in another direction – thus creating an extra force, basically converting otherwise wasted energy to thrust. This is a small contribution but can save a lot for an operator in an aircraft’s lifetime. Another potential benefit of winglets is that they reduce the strength of wingtip vortices, which trail behind the plane. When other aircraft pass through these vortices, the turbulent air can cause loss of control, possibly resulting in an accident.
Winglet Types
In general any wingtips that not end the wing simply horizontally are considered as some kind of a winglet. Even though in strictly technical terms Wingtip Fences are not real extensions of the wing, and Raked Wingtips do not have a vertical part, they are still widely considered as winglet variants.
WINGTIP FENCES are a special variant of winglets, that extend both upward and downward from the tip of the wing. Preferred by European plane-maker Airbus, it is featured on their full product range (except the A330/340 family and the future A350). The Airbus A300 was actually the first jet airliner to feature this kind of solution by default, but it was a very small version of the tool. Provided that most of the Airbus planes (including all A320 family jets) feature such wingtip fences, this may be the most seen and most produced winglet type. Even the new Airbus A380 double-decker features wingtip fences.
BLENDED WINGLETS (the real “Winglets”) are the most popular winglet type, leveraged by Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Bombardier but also by Russian Tupolev and Iljushin. Blended winglets were first introduced on the McDonnel Douglas MD-11 aircraft in 1990 with launch customer Finnair (it also features a smaller winglet at the bottom side of the wing). In contrast to Airbus who applies the wingtip fences by default on most of their aircraft (and the winglets on the A330/340 family), blended winglets are considered by Boeing for example as an optional extra feature on their products, except for the Boeing 747-400. For some of the older Boeing jets (737 and 757) such blended winglets have been offered as an aftermarket retrofit, these are the newer, tall designs and do not connect to the tip of the wing with a sharp angle, but with a curve instead. These winglets are popular among airlines that fly these aircraft on medium/long haul routes as most of the real fuel savings materialize while cruising. Longer flights mean longer cruising, thus larger fuel savings. And they also server as marketing surface for airline logos or web addresses usually.
Just recently the Boeing 767-300ER has received 3.4 m high (!) winglets produced by Aviation Partners Inc. with American Airlines as the launch-customer with Air New Zealand and Hawaiian Airlines following with orders of 5 and 8 aircrafts respectively. 141 shipsets have been pre-sold already as the forecasted fuel savings range around 4%-6% for medium/long-range flights. Airbus earlier tested similar blended winglets designed by Winglet Technology for the A320 series, but determined that their benefits did not warrant further development and they stayed with the wingtip fences instead. Aviation Partners Boeing claims that winglets on 737s and 757s have saved a collective 1.2 billion gal. of fuel since they were introduced and 11.5 million tonnes of CO2 while reducing those types’ noise footprint by 6.5%. It has sold winglets to 140 airlines and 95% of all 737NGs are fitted with them. It is working on four winglet concepts for the 777 and hopes to finalize a design for that aircraft type by December, 2008.
G-TCCB - 40067F - Thomas Cook Airlines - Boeing 767-31K (28865)
This device is part of the mechanism used to control the flow of water into the sawmill at Historic Batsto Village in New Jersey.
batsto gate control detail web 06-27-14-1853
Prior to World War II and the invention of radar, acoustic mirrors were built as early warning devices around the coasts of Great Britain, with the aim of detecting incoming enemy aircraft by the sound of their engines. The most famous of these devices still stand at Denge on the Dungeness peninsula and at Hythe in Kent. Other examples exist in other parts of Britain (including Sunderland, Redcar, Boulby, Kilnsea) and Selsey Bill, and Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq in Malta. The Maltese sound mirror is known locally as "the ear" (il-Widna) and appears to be the only sound mirror built outside Great Britain.
Acoustic mirrors at Denge
The Dungeness mirrors, known colloquially as the "listening ears", consist of three large concrete reflectors built in the 1920s–1930s. Their experimental nature can be discerned by the different shapes of each of the three reflectors: one is a long, curved wall about 5 m high by 70 m long, while the other two are dish-shaped constructions approximately 4–5 m in diameter. Microphones placed at the foci of the reflectors enabled a listener to detect the sound of aircraft far out over the English Channel. The reflectors are not parabolic, but are actually spherical mirrors.[1] Spherical mirrors may be used for direction finding by moving the sensor rather than the mirror; another unusual example is the Arecibo Observatory.
Acoustic mirrors had a limited effectiveness, and the increasing speed of aircraft in the 1930s meant that they would already be too close to deal with by the time they had been detected. The development of radar put an end to further experimentation with the technique. Nevertheless, there were long-lasting benefits. The acoustic mirror programme, led by Dr William Sansome Tucker, had given Britain the methodology to use interconnected stations to pin point the position of an enemy in the sky. The system they developed for linking the stations and plotting aircraft movements was given to the early radar team and contributed to their success in World War II; although the British radar was less sophisticated than the German system, the British system was used more successfully.
There are three acoustic mirrors in the complex, each consisting of a single concrete hemispherical reflector.
The 200 foot mirror is a near vertical, curved wall, 200 feet (60m) long. It is one of only two similar acoustic mirrors in the world, the other being in Magħtab, Malta.
The 20 foot mirror is similar to the 30 foot mirror, with a smaller, shallower dish 6 m (20 ft) across. The design is close to that of an acoustic mirror in Kilnsea, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Acoustic mirrors did work, and could effectively be used to detect slow moving enemy aircraft before they came into sight. They worked by concentrating sound waves towards a central point, where a microphone would have been located. However, their use was limited as aircraft became faster. Operators also found it difficult to distinguish between aircraft and seagoing vessels. In any case, they quickly became obsolete due to the invention of radar in 1932. The experiment was abandoned, and the mirrors left to decay. The gravel extraction works caused some undermining of at least one of the structures.