fortified villages , towns and cities of britain
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Chocim Castle (Хотинська фортеця) - a defensive structure located on the high, rocky shore of the Dniester. Construction of the castle began in 1325, and work on it lasted until 1380.
The history of this castle is turbulent. From the 10th to the 13th century it belonged to the Ruthenian duchies, from the 14th century in various periods to Moldavia, Turkey and Poland.
In the 17th-18th century Turkish border fortress. The place of two great battles of the forces of the Commonwealth with the Turks in 1621 and 1673. In 1812, incorporated into Russia, from 1918 in Romania. In the years 1940-1991 together with northern Bukowina within the boundaries of the Ukrainian SSR.
Since 1991 it belongs to Ukraine.
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Zamek w Chocimiu (Хотинська фортеця) – budowla obronna usytuowana na wysokim, skalistym brzegu Dniestru. Budowa zamku rozpoczęła się w roku 1325, a prace nad nią trwały do 1380 roku.
Dzieje tego zamku są burzliwe. Od X do XIII wieku należał do księstw ruskich, od XIV wieku w różnych okresach do Mołdawii, Turcji i Polski.
W XVII–XVIII wieku turecka twierdza graniczna. Miejsce dwóch wielkich bitew wojsk Rzeczypospolitej z Turkami w 1621 r. i 1673 r. W 1812 r. włączony do Rosji, od 1918 r. w Rumunii. W latach 1940–1991 wraz z północną Bukowiną w granicach Ukraińskiej SSR.
Od 1991 r. należy do Ukrainy.
Lugo is city founded in the first century BC by Paulo Fabio Máximo, legion commander during the reign of Emperor Augustus. Its aim was to strengthen the Roman rule in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Significant monument are the walls from Roman times, the best preserved in Spain over the entire length.
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Lugo jest miastem założonym w I wieku p.n.e. przez Paulo Fabio Máximo, dowódcę legionu w okresie panowania cesarza Oktawiana Augusta. Miało ono na celu umocnienie panowania rzymskiego w północnej części Półwyspu Iberyjskiego. Znaczącym zabytkiem są mury obronne z czasów rzymskich, najlepiej zachowane w Hiszpanii na całej długości.
Chocim Castle (Хотинська фортеця) - a defensive structure located on the high, rocky shore of the Dniester. Construction of the castle began in 1325, and work on it lasted until 1380.
The history of this castle is turbulent. From the 10th to the 13th century it belonged to the Ruthenian duchies, from the 14th century in various periods to Moldavia, Turkey and Poland.
In the 17th-18th century Turkish border fortress. The place of two great battles of the forces of the Commonwealth with the Turks in 1621 and 1673. In 1812, incorporated into Russia, from 1918 in Romania. In the years 1940-1991 together with northern Bukowina within the boundaries of the Ukrainian SSR.
Since 1991 it belongs to Ukraine.
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Zamek w Chocimiu (Хотинська фортеця) – budowla obronna usytuowana na wysokim, skalistym brzegu Dniestru. Budowa zamku rozpoczęła się w roku 1325, a prace nad nią trwały do 1380 roku.
Dzieje tego zamku są burzliwe. Od X do XIII wieku należał do księstw ruskich, od XIV wieku w różnych okresach do Mołdawii, Turcji i Polski.
W XVII–XVIII wieku turecka twierdza graniczna. Miejsce dwóch wielkich bitew wojsk Rzeczypospolitej z Turkami w 1621 r. i 1673 r. W 1812 r. włączony do Rosji, od 1918 r. w Rumunii. W latach 1940–1991 wraz z północną Bukowiną w granicach Ukraińskiej SSR.
Od 1991 r. należy do Ukrainy.
Ávila - city capital of Avila province in central Spain, in the Castillian Mountains at an altitude of 1128 m above sea level. The city was founded by Celtyberów and Christianized in the first century. After three centuries of Moorish rule, won them King Alfonso VI in 1085. After the reconquest, the city re-live the Christian knights. They began work on the most characteristic and representative building in the city - Las Murallas (walls). They have an average height of 3.6 m and 2.7 m thick, and now account for nearly 2.7 km in length, 9 gates led to the city and 90 towers increased the defense walls. The city is linked to St. Teresa of Avila A notable landmark is the Basilica of San Vicente commemorating St. Vincent of Saragossa. It is famous for the unusual tomb placed under a canopy in the oriental style.
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Ávila - stolica prowincji Ávila w środkowej Hiszpanii, w Górach Kastylijskich na wysokości 1128 m n.p.m. Miasto założone zostało przez Celtyberów, a schrystianizowane w I wieku. Po trzech wiekach rządów Maurów, zdobył je król Alfons VI w 1085 r. Po rekonkwiście, w mieście ponownie zamieszkali chrześcijańscy rycerze. Rozpoczęli oni prace nad najbardziej charakterystyczną i reprezentatywną budowlą miasta - Las Murallas (mury obronne). Mają one średnio 3,6 m wysokości i 2,7 m grubości i liczą sobie prawie 2,7 km długości. Do miasta wiodło 9 bram, a 90 wież zwiększało obronność murów. Z miastem jest związana święta Teresa z Ávili
Znaczącym zabytkiem jest Basilica San Vincente upamiętniająca św. Wincentego z Saragossy. Słynie ona z niezwykłego grobowca umieszczonego pod baldachimem w orientalnym stylu.
Little Tern - Sterna Albifrons
This delightful chattering seabird is the UK's smallest tern. It is short-tailed and has a fast flight. Its bill is a distinctive yellow with a black tip. It is noisy at its breeding colony where courtship starts with an aerial display involving the male calling and carrying a fish to attract a mate, which chases him up high before he descends, gliding with wings in a 'V'.
Its vulnerable nesting sites and its decline in Europe make it an Amber List species. It is also listed as a Schedule 1 species in The Wildlife and Countryside Act.
This bird breeds on the coasts and inland waterways of temperate and tropical Europe and Asia. It is strongly migratory, wintering in the subtropical and tropical oceans as far south as South Africa and Australia.
There are three subspecies, the nominate albifrons occurring in Europe to North Africa and western Asia; guineae of western and central Africa; and sinensis of East Asia and the north and east coasts of Australia.[4]
The little tern breeds in colonies on gravel or shingle coasts and islands. It lays two to four eggs on the ground. Like all white terns, it is defensive of its nest and young and will attack intruders.
Like most other white terns, the little tern feeds by plunge-diving for fish, usually from saline environments. The offering of fish by the male to the female is part of the courtship display.
At the beginning of the 19th century the little tern was a common bird of European shores, rivers and wetlands, but in the 20th century populations of coastal areas decreased because of habitat loss, pollution and human disturbance.
The loss of inland populations has been even more severe, since due to dams, river regulation and sediment extraction it has lost most of its former habitats. The Little Tern population has declined or become extinct in many European countries, and former breeding places on large rivers like the Danube, Elbe and Rhine ceased. Nowadays, only few river systems in Europe possess suitable habitats; the Loire/Allier in France, the Vistula/Odra in Poland, the Po/Ticino in Italy, the Daugava in Latvia, the Nemunas in Lithuania, the Sava in Croatia and the Drava in Hungary and Croatia. The status of the little tern on the rivers Tagus and lower Danube is uncertain.
Castelgrande
The Castles of Bellinzona are a group of fortifications located around the town of Bellinzona, the capital of the Swiss canton of Ticino. Situated on the Alpine foothills, the group is composed of fortified walls and three castles named Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro. Castelgrande is located on a rocky peak overlooking the valley, with a series of walls that protect the old city and connect to Montebello. Sasso Corbaro, the highest of the three castles, is located on an isolated rocky promontory south-east of the other two. The Castles of Bellinzona with their defensive walls have been an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000.
Originally part of a defensive structure in Luxembourg City, it now serves as a pedestrian bridge over the Alzette River. The bridge is framed by the Vauban Towers, two gate towers that already existed in the Middle Ages. The name of the bridge "Béinchen" is derived from the three arches of the bridge.
Jared Odrick, a former defensive end for the NFL, gifted the massive bronze sculpture – titled “Conversation with Myself,” by Colorado-based artist Lorri Acott. The sculptures are in the Coleman Park of Lebanon, PA, one of which is 11′ tall, the other 6′. These sculptures created a lot of mixed responses in the social media. Some people thought the sculptures, were creepy, stunning and provoking, hauntingly beautiful, an adult preying on kids, an alien encounter, etc. People wasn't prepared for this kind of art but the sculptures are still there and Odrick said he hopes the statue gives people who see it “an opportunity to stop, to pause, and take some time to interpret it.”
Chocim Castle (Хотинська фортеця) - a defensive structure located on the high, rocky shore of the Dniester. Construction of the castle began in 1325, and work on it lasted until 1380.
The history of this castle is turbulent. From the 10th to the 13th century it belonged to the Ruthenian duchies, from the 14th century in various periods to Moldavia, Turkey and Poland.
In the 17th-18th century Turkish border fortress. The place of two great battles of the forces of the Commonwealth with the Turks in 1621 and 1673. In 1812, incorporated into Russia, from 1918 in Romania. In the years 1940-1991 together with northern Bukowina within the boundaries of the Ukrainian SSR.
Since 1991 it belongs to Ukraine.
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Zamek w Chocimiu (Хотинська фортеця) – budowla obronna usytuowana na wysokim, skalistym brzegu Dniestru. Budowa zamku rozpoczęła się w roku 1325, a prace nad nią trwały do 1380 roku.
Dzieje tego zamku są burzliwe. Od X do XIII wieku należał do księstw ruskich, od XIV wieku w różnych okresach do Mołdawii, Turcji i Polski.
W XVII–XVIII wieku turecka twierdza graniczna. Miejsce dwóch wielkich bitew wojsk Rzeczypospolitej z Turkami w 1621 r. i 1673 r. W 1812 r. włączony do Rosji, od 1918 r. w Rumunii. W latach 1940–1991 wraz z północną Bukowiną w granicach Ukraińskiej SSR.
Od 1991 r. należy do Ukrainy.
Saint Angel Castle, is a tomb - "Mausoleum of Emperor Hadrian", his family and successors. The construction of mausoleum began during Hadrian's lifetime, but it was only completed during the reign of his successor Antoninus Pius in 139. In 271, the building was incorporated into the system of defensive walls of Rome, and it ceased to serve as a mausoleum. At the beginning of the 5th century it was rebuilt into a fortress.
At the end of 5th century, Pope Gregory the Great renamed the building to the Castle of St. Angel to commemorate appearance during the plague above the mausoleum, Angel hiding his sword as a sign of the end of the epidemic. In 608, Pope Boniface IV at the top of the fortress erected the chapel of St. Angel in Heaven.
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Zamek Świętego Anioła, jest grobowcem - "Mauzoleum cesarza Hadriana", jego rodziny oraz następców. Budowę mauzoleum rozpoczęto za życia Hadriana, ukończono jednak dopiero za panowania jego następcy Antoninusa Piusa w 139 roku. W roku 271 budowlę włączono w system murów obronnych Rzymu, przestała pełnić funkcję mauzoleum. Na początku V wieku została przebudowana na fortecę.
Pod koniec VI wieku papież Grzegorz I Wielki przemianował budowlę na Zamek św. Anioła, aby upamiętnić ukazanie się podczas zarazy, nad mauzoleum anioła chowającego miecz na znak końca epidemii. W 608 roku papież Bonifacy IV na szczycie fortecy wzniósł kaplicę Świętego Anioła w Niebie.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA Adult Bald Eagle defending its fish kill from marauding Juvenile Bald Eagles. Photo taken at the Mississippi River Flyway, West Alton, Missouri.
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Stirling Castle is one of the largest and most historically and architecturally important castles in Scotland. The castle sits atop an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, giving it a strong defensive position. Its strategic location, guarding what was, until the 1890s, the farthest downstream crossing of the River Forth, has made it an important fortification in the region from the earliest times.
There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
Stirling Castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and is now a tourist attraction managed by Historic Environment Scotland.
Commanding a strong defensive position above the river Gwendraeth Fach, Kidwelly Castle was constructed in stone by the 13th century replacing the earlier Norman earth and wood fortress on this spot. Construction of the prominent gatehouse, the nearest set of towers, was started in the 14th century and completed in 1422.
The fortifications and walls of Dubrovnik are most interesting tourist attraction of this city. They are about 1940 m long, up to 25 m high and 1.5 to 6 m thick. The walls, built from the 9th to the 17th century, additionally strengthen five bastions and towers.
The first walls were probably built at the end of 8th century. The rapid development of city, and especially the appearance of aggressive neighbors, prompted the citizens of Ragusa to build more powerful fortifications. In 867, the city was attacked by Arab troops. Later, many times the walls defended the city against hostile invasions. They were also rebuilt and modernized many times.
Outside the walls are two fortresses (Lovrijenac and Revelin), which were the first line of defense of city.
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Fortyfikacje i mury Dubrownika stanowią najciekawszą atrakcję turystyczną tego miasta. Mają około 1940 m długości, wysokość do 25 m i grubość w granicach 1,5 - 6 m. Mury, budowane od IX do XVII wieku, wzmacnia dodatkowo pięć bastionów oraz wieże.
Pierwsze mury zbudowano prawdopodobnie pod koniec VIII wieku. Szybki rozwój miasta, a zwłaszcza pojawienie się agresywnych sąsiadów skłoniło obywateli Ragusy do wzniesienia potężniejszych umocnień. W 867 roku miasto zostało zaatakowane przez wojska arabskie. Później jeszcze wielokrotnie mury broniły miasto przed wrogimi najazdami. Były również wielokrotnie przebudowywane i modernizowane.
Po za murami są zlokalizowane dwie fortece (Lovrijenac i Revelin), które były pierwszą linią obrony miasta.
Burchell's (or Plains) Zebra (Equus quagga burchellii) on alert as they are being watched by a coalition of four male cheetah. The Burchell's zebra has a characteristic shadow stripe that runs between the thicker black and white stripes. They are a southern subspecies of the plains zebra.
Santawani Reserve, Botswana
Conservation Status: Near Threatened
Thank you for your views and comments. They are all greatly appreciated.
The Torre Guinigi or Guinigi Tower is one of the 9 still existing defensive tower houses of Lucca; there were up to 250 at one point. Although the tower dates back to the 14th century, the rooftop garden has been traced back to the 17th century. The views from the tower are spectacular.
Vischering Castle (Burg Vischering) in Lüdinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia is the most typical moated castle in the Münster region of Germany. This region has one of the highest German concentrations of castles, palaces and fortifications, Lüdinghausen having three by itself. The castle consists of outer defensive courtyard, defensive gateways, moat, drawbridge, main building and chapel. The sandstone walls, the red tile roofs as well as their reflection in the moat provide many harmonious views from the wooded surroundings.
Vischering Castle was built by Bischop Gerhard von der Mark to counter the second castle built by the Von Lüdinghausen family. It became the seat of the Droste zu Vischering Family. Droste is the local title for the hereditary noble administrators serving the Bishops of Münster. The moat is constantly replenished by a side-arm of the River Stever. The outer defensive courtyard contains the business and farm buildings. The main building is a horseshoe-shaped three-story structure with heavy outer wall. Its inner courtyard is closed off by the chapel and a lower defense wall. A castle keep is missing, having been removed during Renaissance renovations. Fire destroyed the castle in 1521. Rebuilding took place on the existing foundation. Windows and the addition of a large bay made the castle more liveable but diminished its defensive character. The whole site however retains the character of a feudal age moated castle. Damage from air attack during World War II was minor.
Vischering Castle houses the Münsterlandmuseum, an exhibit on knighthood for children, as well as a cafe-restaurant. It serves as a cultural center for Kreis Coesfeld. Visiting hours are provided in the first link below. Viewing the outside is possible at all times. The second link provides a more detailed chronology of the castle in German .
For the Macro Monday challenge "Spiky" (November 23rd 2020)
This morning's garden work gave me my final choice for this challenge, as I donned gauntlets to cut back the firethorn bushes by the house! The spines are ferocious, and it is one of my least favourite garden chores. The birds love the berries, but it amazes me how they never get impaled on these spikes!
The size guide is in the first comment field.
HMM!!
My 2020 Macro Mondays set: Here
and previous years of the challenge:
My 2019 Macro Mondays set: Here
My 2018 set: 2018 Macro Mondays
My 2017 set: 2017 Macro Mondays
My 2016 set: 2016 Macro Mondays
My 2015 set: 2015 Macro Mondays
My 2014 set: 2014 Macro Mondays
My 2013 set: 2013 Macro Mondays
Brisighella is a typical Italian borgo near Ravenna (the Italian city of byzantine mosaics). This place has deep roots in farming, so that its main highlight is a unique walkway called “Via degli asini” (i.e. The Donkeys’ Alley). Some kind of street, perched high above the ground level, where merchants used to ride donkey to carry their goods.
Built by the end of 300 d.C., at first it was a defensive alley to check the enemies’ movements. Then it become a protected and covered street for trades. Strolling along the way, you can still notice the ancient stables for the donkeys. But nowadays it is a very nice trekking trails to get a great point of view on the whole borgo.
Cape Cobra spreading its hood in response to the ground squirrel's approach. Though the cobra did strike a couple of times the squirrel managed to stay out of reach, and after a while these two went their separate ways.
Cape Cobras are extremely dangerous to humans and will stand their ground when confronted. Their venom is neurotoxic and bites are often fatal.
Along the road in the Nossob riverbed, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa
© 2020 Gerda van Schalkwyk - All Rights Reserved
This folks is another one of about 40+ images in this series and all very interesting or else they would not be here, but will spare you the others and make this the last one.
Thank you all so much much for visiting, and have a super day. Oh another great day today as well.
Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, giving it a strong defensive position. Its strategic location, guarding what was, until the 1890s, the farthest downstream crossing of the River Forth, has made it an important fortification from the earliest times. Most of the principal buildings of the castle date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A few structures of the fourteenth century remain, while the outer defences fronting the town date from the early eighteenth century. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1542. There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle. Stirling Castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and is now a tourist attraction managed by Historic Scotland.
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From www.feelsenigallia.it/en/to-be-seen/monuments/rocca-rover...
The defensive structure that was already present when the town was founded by the Romans was integrated over time with towers and bastions. The Rocchetta (small castle) built by Egidio Albornoz in the 14th century is still visible, together with the Rocca (castle) of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta that was added in 1450.
The current structure of the monument is due to Giovanni della Rovere, Prince of Senigallia, and son-in-law of Federico III da Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino. It was the Duke Federico who offered Giovanni the best architects of the time: Luciano Laurana and Baccio Pontelli. The works started in 1478 with the purpose of adapting the castle to the new defensive needs. In 1503 the Rocca was conquered by Cesare Borgia, the author of the famous massacre carried out in Senigallia and described by Niccolò Machiavelli.
Rocca Roveresca is a unique monument because it was not only a fortress, but also a noble palace, and the seat of an artillery academy founded by Guidubaldo della Rovere in 1533. After the extinction of the ducal dynasty, when the town returned under the domain of the Church in 1631, the castle was used as a papal prison and an orphanage.
Today it hosts art exhibitions and prestigious cultural events.
I'm not on the wrong side of the fence, you are!
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Prescott-Russell Recreational Trail, Ottawa, Ontario
384. Clancy, 6yrs 40wks
Clancy's YEARBOOK 7: www.flickr.com/photos/130722340@N04/albums/72157703683494665
Nové Město nad Metují was founded by Jan Černčický of Kácov on 10 August 1501. It was destroyed by fire in 1526. In 1527, the manor was acquired by the Pernštejn family. In 1527–1548, most of the houses on the square were then reconstructed in uniform Renaissance and late Gothic design. The elementary ground plan was kept. The connected gables, so-called swallow tails, gave the town the appearance of the northern Italian Renaissance.
One of elusive Kingfishers in Java, Indonesia the Javan Kingfisher. We have one bird hide/spot to photographing this one in Batu, East Java.
This royal Château is located in Amboise, Loire Valley in France. Confiscated by the monarchy in the 15th century, it became a favoured royal residence and was extensively rebuilt. King Charles VIII died at the château in 1498 after hitting his head on a door lintel. The château fell into decline from the second half of the 16th century and the majority of the interior buildings were later demolished. Some survived and have been restored, along with the outer defensive circuit of towers and walls. It has been recognised as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1840. It is situated at an elevation of 81 meters. For history buffs, this is the final resting place of the Renaissance genius Leonardo Da Vinci.
Warm temps and a steady rain brought out an abundance of these fellows yesterday at my school. I've a few more more to post as time passes, but this is the only full-bodied one I could get. They are quicker than one might think.
Thanks for Viewing.
Remains of stone fortifications come from the beginning of the fourteenth century. They replaced earth and wooden fortifications, which were buillid by decades. The walls were made of erratic stones, in the upper parts they were supplemented with brick. On the north side, 21 towers stood, which strengthened the defensive line. In the south-eastern part there was a Teutonic castle, which had its own defense system. From the outside, the city was additionally defended by Warta River from the south, and a moat. Entrance to the city was possible through Santocka gate from the east, Młynska gate from the west and Mostowa gate from the south.
To this day survived only a fragment of defensive wall with four towers at Zabytkowa street, over a length of 130 m. There is no trace of the remaining fortifications and gates.
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Pozostałości murowanych obwarowań pochodzą z początku XIV wieku. Zastąpiły one ziemno-drewniane fortyfikacje, których wymiana na murowane trwała kilkadziesiąt lat. Mury wykonano z kamieni narzutowych, w górnych partiach uzupełniano je cegłą. Po stronie północnej, stanęło 21 baszt, które wzmocniły linię obronną. W południowo-wschodniej części znajdował się zamek krzyżacki, który miał własny system obronny. Od zewnątrz miasto było dodatkowo bronione przez rzekę Wartę od południa, oraz fosę. Wjazd do miasta był możliwy przez bramę Santocką od wschodu, Młyńską od zachodu i Mostową od południa.
Do dzisiaj zachował się jedynie fragment muru obronnego z czterema basztami przy ul. Zabytkowej, na długości 130 m. Po pozostałych fortyfikacjach i bramach nie ma już śladu.
Long exposure photo of Torre Paola.
Torre Paola is a defensive coastal tower located on the Promontory of Circeo (LT - Italy) on the border with the long beach of Sabaudia.
It was erected between the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
In 1563 by the will of Pope Pius IV (1559-1565) it was further updated by the lords of Sermoneta and San Felice Circeo to counter the continuous raids of Saracen pirates.