Dating photos on Flickr

PERSONAL FUN FACT: I thought that this was the coolest playset idea ever, when I found out about it in the pages of Margo Rana's "Disney Dolls Identification & Price Guide." I was about five when this movie came out, so I did own merchandise. But it was very limited in my area, which is why I either don't recall seeing this, or I simply never encountered it. The only cooler thing Mattel could have made in terms of a playset, would have been the cathedral Quasimodo lived in. That's probably a bit ambitious...but boy would I have loved it. Anyways, I was very into making my dolls nomadic, when I was a kid. So I'm sure if I had this back then, it would have sparked my imagination. I got this in an eBay lot at the start of 2011. It was paired with my True Hearts Gift Set and a few extra bits and bobs...all of the stuff was used. I thought it made more financial sense to miss out on a few random accessories, and get this tent and used dolls. Buying it all still sealed would have been very costly. And honestly, this tent wasn't that easy to find online in the first place. I had this on display for about a decade, until I needed more room for dolls. But it still comes out often for photos. It's really easy to take apart and stores compactly. It might not be stellar quality, but it has stood the test of time. I always loved the blending of different colors and patterns that were used for this movie. This tent is a perfect representation of that, and truly encapsulates the vibe of the film.

Dating by Kitty Lalonde

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Found Photograph by Thomas Hawk

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date stamped on back of photograph, June 1976

Ready for Date by Teddy Wang

6 11

Yeah~I'm going to date with Chichhi~~~

Since I got a bruise on my leg last night, teddyrabbit will carry me there.

I just need to sit in her bag. I know I'm a lucky bear~~~:o)

teddyrabbit told me Chichhi is a cute girl. I hope she will like me........

black white dating by blackwomen333

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Every day more and more members join our multi-racial and multicultural community seeking friendship Asian women dating, white men black women, Interracial relationships, love or marriage.InterracialDatingCentral.com is a global community of friends from all parts of the world united in one common cause - interracial dating.

iDate great UK Dating by idateukfree

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If you are looking to date online in the UK be sure to try www.idate.co.uk

Dinner Date by Kerry Bryne

12 3

Date by Kai White

1 1

Holiday Date by barbie.basfash

6

Jason & model Abigail were each others date for a chrismtas party at Elite agency.

(1993) My First Barbie by A Thousand Splendid Dolls

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BOX DATE: 1993

MANUFACTURER: Mattel

VARIATIONS: Blonde; African American; Hispanic

BODY TYPE: 1966; white molded B print panties; Twist 'n Turn waist; straight arms; straight, non-bending legs; painted legs with molded slippers

HEAD MOLD: 1976 "Superstar"

***Barbie is wearing 1999 Ballet Lessons Barbie's leotard and 1992 My First Barbie's skirt.

PERSONAL FUN FACT: This lady was one of many who was part of the "Bead Blast Barbie AA Lot" of 2015. She was in very rough condition when we first brought the dolls home...perhaps the worst in the bin (besides maybe the Tyco Ariel whose legs were off). I had a hunch she was some kind of My First Barbie because of her painted legs and molded slippers. This is a common combination of features found on basic/My First type Barbies from the 90s. Sure enough, she turned out to be exactly what I thought she was. I also had part of her original outfit already (which she doesn't' currently wear since I don't have anything to match it). Barbie's best feature has to be her large, blue, cartoon like eyes. In many ways, she reminds me of my childhood Tooth Fairy Barbie. I recall buying Miss Tooth Fairy at the local Wal-Mart with my allowance money. She too had a unique, cartoonish appearance with the ugly molded slippers/painted legs combo. I ended up giving that doll away when I was about nine years old, and I never did find a replacement. Although I have other versions of Tooth Fairy Barbie, they don't resemble my childhood friend at all. This My First gal really does capture the essence of my long gone Tooth Fairy, only with shorter hair. She's a very sweet, appreciated addition to my collection for sure!

Second Date by KVphotobug

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Pelicans in Mexico

Buenasher Transport B-277 by CTL-427; Universalis Motto Stella

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Date: 9-28-2013

Make, Model: Kia Asia AM928

Engine: D6AB

Chassis: KN2GA

Seating Configuration: 2x3

Operator: Nuestra Señora Del Carmen Transport Services, Inc.

Fare Class Operation: Air-conditioned

Route: Santa Maria (Bulacan)-Santolan (Quezon City) via EDSA, Cubao, NLEX-Bocaue exit

Remarks: Motorpool-based body re-fascia.

Specifications are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.

Strongbow Inn Dining Room, circa 1975 - Valparaiso, Indiana by Steve Shook

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Date: Circa 1975

Source Type: Postcard

Publisher, Printer, Photographer: McGrew Color Graphics (#721410)

Postmark: None

Collection: Steven R. Shook

Remark: Strongbow Inn -- Dining Room featuring our Continental menu and our traditional Turkey specialties since 1940. Located at 2405 U.S. 30 East (1/4 mile east of Valparaiso University Chapel). Valparaiso, Indiana 46383. The Strongbow Turkey Inn began operation in 1937 when Dr. Walter Thrun and his wife, Bess, moved to the Alanson Finney farm. The Thruns began breeding turkeys, which were obtained from Texas, in 1938. Bess Thrun became well known for the roses planted around the farm and restaurant. In 1986, the restaurant underwent significant changes as the kitchen was modernized and building expanded to accommodate as many as 250 patrons.

The man in the gray suit has been identified as R. P. Koenig, while the server is believed to be Fred Bauer.

Copyright 2014. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.

Alejandra by Delphine Smith

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profile daiting.icu/01373

date png new by imran khan

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Lawn Views by Dean Mahlstedt

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Date: July 30, 2022

Location: Big Cork Vineyard - Rohrersville, Maryland (Washington County)

Date Night! by Lazarus Lowenstark

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Lowenstark’s Log: 04-15-XX

Date night with the “enemy” actually went quite well. I arrived overdressed, as usual, and I think I was a bit disarming for my date. It probably helps that typically I’m a smart mouthed mad engineer, and this time I was just plain folks.

Tried to steer clear of talk about the Catwalkers. They’re my friends, aye, my family… but at the same time, this situation is being handled poorly on all fronts. As a friend, I’m allowed to disagree with the way they do things. Hell, they probably disagree with the way I do things. So this little conflict between Sarcina and Catwalkers is no concern of mine – up until Rena or her ilk lays a finger on one of them with intent to do real harm… when that day comes… well… she’d better dial up Rod Serling, because I’m gonna take her ass to a whole new Twilight Zone.

Until that day, which will hopefully never come, I want no part of their fight. Yes, I get it, Rena felt snubbed that some Catwalkers didn’t instantly recognize her, have her on file, or give her passage on the catwalks. She probably got offended – because to her, face and status and pride, those are very important issues – and said something stupid. They probably returned the gesture, and then it escalated into a – dare I say – childish bout between the two.

Too much pride. Too much pride all around. Rena should’ve swallowed her pride on the catwalks, and dealt with the Catwalkers as allies. Elise and the Catwalkers should’ve swallowed their pride with Rena, and realized that she’s not a “normal person” – she’s got old world values on face and pride, and just given her hollow apology, maybe gotten her a basket of wines and fine cheeses, and called it a day. We’d all be directing our energies right now to where they need to be: Liberating Midian, and making it a bastian of safety and asylum for the enemies of the World Union.

Anyway… Came, left. Had Steak. Talked.

Oh, important side note: Rena staged an interesting little demonstration to show me she’s just plain folks like me. There is a possibility that she intended for us to dine on fine Oysters originally, and just HAPPENED to have two fully prepared steak dinners off to the side… but I doubt it. It was a move to gain my buy in. Either that or we just skipped the appetizer. But she had to have known...

We tried to put our cards on the table, but Rena’s a player – and her game is Uno. I don’t doubt her venom, or underestimate her abilities as a manipulator. Do I feel she spoke truly to me? Yes. Most likely she did…. But this is a woman who would marry Forge. What’s that say? It says that even if her cards weren’t close to the vest, they were likely missing a face card or two – and even if they weren’t, they could change on a dime.

I will be careful. But at the same time… at some point… in my mission I require faith in my fellows. She could still be a useful ally, and, maybe, deep down there’s more good than bad there.

Guin thinks so.

But this CW/Sarcina situation reminds me of the song "Who Said We're Wack?" By Lonely Island. (( www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljRx8cJwEso ))

===================================================

[20:17] Rena Mayne smiled. "I've been in a lot of places women don't normally go, I was married to a biker." she hmmed softly and nodded, tipping her head to regard him solemnly. "What would you do if you had spies following you everywhere you went? Seemed there was a point to be made. Standing next to someone and eavesdropping isn't going to get you information, it's going to get you lied to." there was a little shrug and a smile. "I'm sorry. This isn't why I bid on you...None of this had really started then."

[20:23] Lazarus Lowenstark watches her carefully, and slowly takes his cigar from his mouth. Putting it in a handkerchief, he tucks it into a pocket, and clears his throat. "Actually, I wasn’t' even talking about that. I was talking about the two times you've told me to my face you are far from a good person. It paints a certain picture of you in my head... but they're just words. I only have your actions to judge you on. But the other thing? The lies? They had that one coming. I'm staying out of your confrontation with the Catwalkers though... frankly... it seems kind of childish to me. And I called Chi Rapey McRaperpants - so I know something about childishness."

[20:28] Rena Mayne listened quietly and nodded as he spoke. "It is foolish, I'll grant you. But I have no wish to drag you into it. " she couldn't help but smile though at what he'd said next. "McRaperpants. That's...God." there was a little burble of laughter and she poked an oyster again, trying to hide the horrified look when it wiggled wetly. Oh that shit wasn't going in her mouth, no way. Eyes raised to regard him again. "You didn't ask why I bid on you."

[20:31] Lazarus Lowenstark had a similar look as he opened the Oyster... He opened it, and gulped visably. He looked up, "By the way, I meant it's foolish on both sides. Stink bombs? Day-Glow Paint? Freaking people out, getting panties all in a super knot? Just seems like we've all got more important stuff to worry about." He acted like he was going to eat the Oysters, but was really just playing with it, "I didn't ask you... but you saved me from Pera, so I owe you. But now that you mention it, I'll bite. Why DID you bid on me?"

[20:33] Rena Mayne smiled as she watched him play with the food and she grinned. "No way I'm eating this either. You like a good steak?" She rose from her chair and swept first her own then his off the table.

[20:34] Lazarus Lowenstark blinked as he watched her toss them from the table, and then barked a harsh laugh. "I love it. Steak, and what you just did. Steak's good. Burgers. Whatever. Just not... err... slimy clammy thingies."

[20:37] Rena Mayne grinned and headed behind the curtain, "Redoing things in here....clearing out, sorry it's not...nicer. Rith is going to help." she reappeared with two plate the girl she'd hired had left warming for them. Steak and potatoes. She set one in front of him and then set her own down before sliding back into her seat.

[20:41] Lazarus Lowenstark grins as she returns, and even wider at the plate, "There we go. That's a bit more my speed." He picked up his knife and fork, and waited for her to eat. Not paranoia, just manners. He looked up to her, meeting her blue eyes with his own brown ones. "Rith's good about that. She put together League HQ, to be fair... told me my place needed a woman's touch. And she's some woman." He smiled, a bit thoughtful, and shook his head, "Okay, so why? The bid?"

[20:44] Rena Mayne considered playing with him a bit, but decided against it, though he might see the mischief dancing in her eyes. She carefully cut off a piece and murmured. "Would be moronic to do anything to you tonight, they's all know it was me and besides, I have no motivation to poison your steak. And I'm married, so, no reason to spike it either." she chuckled softly and took a bite, nose wrinkling as she chewed.

[20:46] Lazarus Lowenstark watched her eat, and shrugged, "You're buying time though." He said, and cut off a piece, chewing it himself. "Besides..." He chews more, and gives a satisfactory sound at the flavor, "I'm sure you do your homework, Rena. My WU file would include the extent of my registered bioware. You'd have to know I'm little more than human flesh draped over a pile of machine parts anymore." He swallowed, "I was just being polite."

[20:50] Rena Mayne waved her fork. "In this place you can never be too careful." she stabbed at another bit of steak, "I bid on you because...you don't seem to like me much and I wanted to ask why and see if I could get an honest answer. Forge helped me....we made them think I wanted Binca cause I owed him something and was going to use the date as payment, maxed them out and then they couldn't out bid me for you. Forge helped. Having a husband who's up for just about anything never hurts."

[20:54] Lazarus Lowenstark bit off another bite, and chewed, tracing it with a shot of potato. He nodded slowly as she spoke, and set his hands on the table for his reply. "Wait, first of all.... Forge is your husband? Did not know that. I mean.. huh. Well, anyway, you guys went in double on me, huh?" He pursed his lips, and nodded. "Just to know why I've never seemed to like you?"

[20:57] Rena Mayne was chewing a bite of steak and nodded before swallowing. "Yeah, we got married a few months ago. And yeah...that's why. Things like that bug me...it's a fatal flaw. It's not that I want everyone to like me, but....there are people. Well anyway. Yeah. I wanted to know."

[21:14] Lazarus Lowenstark finds a spot of color on his cheeks, but his expression is masked enough to keep the meaning vague. ((ooc note: this is where Bianca was sending dirty text messages to Laz's CPU)); He looks at her, shrugs, and sighs. "It's not really that hard to understand, I'd think." He tapped his potato with his fork, and looked reflective, "I.. uh, well, I was never what you'd call a 'good' person, Either, Rena. I wasn't bad... I was indifferent. And I did my job. And... well, one day I got a wake up call. I realized that I'd led my life off of others' expectations, and I'd been droning along, hiding from the truth, running a labyrinth of fiction and illusion. So I screwed my head on straight, and wound up here. And I found a people that needed to be FREE of it all. And I wanted to fight for that. And here I am. But... that freedom can be abused. And it is, a lot." He looks her hard in the eyes, "And you've all but claimed to be part of that."

[21:16] Rena Mayne listened carefully, watching him as he spoke. When he finished she asked quietly. "Do you know why the Sarcina was started?" she pushed bits of potato around on her plate as she waited for his answer.

[21:18] Lazarus Lowenstark: "Something of a Vigilante force." He said, watching her, "And you know, I wonder if you remember talking to me once, quite a long while ago. I was small potatoes in Midian then, not a player, not the socialite I am now. But... we talked about Sarcina, and I tried to paint it in a hero's light, and you made sure to emphasize that you were NOT vigilante heroes. In no way good guys."

[21:23] Rena Mayne nodded. "We aren't. We were started by women who were pets of the hounds. So abused some of them were scarred for life, mentally and physically. They wanted a gang where women who wanted to be free, not be pets, not be targets for abuse, not slaves....just women banded together to protect each other. Sisters. That's why Rith joined me when I took over, she's like a sister to me. We aren't vigilante heroes and on occasion we've gone to far in trying to get vengeance for someone...including myself. So, no, I can't call us the good guys. We're just. Women."

[21:26] Lazarus Lowenstark pursed his lips, and tapped them with his fork. "The Hounds. Okay, that makes sense. Empowerment, not from something metaphorical, but quite literally. Finding your freedom again, your self. And protecting one another." He nods, "I can see that. A worthwhile agenda."

[21:33] Rena Mayne nodded. "It was...most of my girls now were not like us. They've never been pets or slaves, though most of them have suffered at the hands of Midian's finest. That's why I recruited Guin. No one can understand what she went through and how it changed her better than we can." she stabbed at a bit of steak. "As long as we stay together...fight for each other...none of us will be pets or slaves or subject to abuses we don't want. When...someone comes along and makes it their goal to publicly make me look weak, well. It can't be tolerated. Being weak in this city would make us prey for every guy like Chi, every Hound. But they know. Fuck with us and we'll cross a line to fuck back."

[21:38] Lazarus Lowenstark took another bite, listening, and chewed slowly. "Okay, I get that. So let's put the cards on the table." Measured eyes watched her, "You're now telling me that you do what you have to do simply to survive. To be strong. To not look weak." He cocked his head, "Is that all? Going too far for revenge is hardly worth of calling yourself evil, Rena. Shit, I've done some nasty stuff for revenge... but avenging the evils of others does not make one evil in my book. It's creating your own, unprovoked and unwarranted, that makes you evil. Violating the rights of others, simply for amusement or for self gain. Would you put yourself in that bracket? Or are you simply protecting yourself and your girls?"

[21:44] Rena Mayne blinked that slow, catlike blink of hers, silent for a long moment before answering. She was considering the value of honestly here. "Alright, " she murmured finally. "Cards on the table. I was married to a hound for a long time, and the things I've witnessed and not stopped....then things I've done. Some were...are...unforgivable. I have said I made it a point to stay out of their business, and I value my own neck to much to talk about it, even now. But I wasn't as out of the loop as I pretended to be. I just didn't stop anything I saw. So...hardly a hero. And hardly a good person." she took a deep breath. "I was a different person the first time I led the Sarcina. Then I wanted power and yes, I wanted to BE someone. But...now I just want to keep my girls safe and strong. I want the to thrive. And, yes, I want people in this city to know that if they hurt one of them, I will destroy them. In that, Elise and I are not so different."

[21:52] Lazarus Lowenstark finished off his potato as he listened, clearly attentive, but not avoiding the food. He watched her again, and when she finished, he picked up immediately: "The past is the past, Rena. I can't judge you on the past, as I'd fail that test too. I was a mercenary under the employ of the World Union. A bomber pilot. I've squelched village rebellions with napalm. I've laid waste to more civillians than I'd care to remember... But... it's the present I care about." Again, that gaze was level, measuring. No hint of sarcasm or smart mouthed talk here. Just simple honesty. "So. Rena now. You, now…not a victim. I dig that. But are you a victimizer? You bring disaster upon those who cross you... but do you do so against those who don't. Does it amuse you to hurt people? Turn you on to victimize others?"

[22:14] Rena Mayne thought about the for a moment, pushing food around on her plate. "No," she said finally. "I wouldn't do what Chi did to Guin. I do what I have to do to survive and make sure the people around me thrive. But no, I'm not a victimizer. I'm manipulative and calculating, but I'm not the monster some would make me out to be....that some would like me to be. People like Guin and Eamon keep me from crossing a line." she pushed her plate away suddenly. "Or they did. Now." there was a small shrug. "The catwalkers won one round. They've taught me I'm not wanted in their church."

[22:16] Rena Mayne started as her phone beeped and a text came in from her bartender. "They are poking me as we speak, five catwalkers in my bar."

[22:18] Lazarus Lowenstark finished his steak, and leaned back in his chair. He crossed his legs and watched her. "Manipulative and calculating? I can relate to that. The city demands of us a keener mind, and the willingness to apply pressures and falsehoods where we must to protect our interests." He smiles, "Even I play the game, Rena." He watches her check her phone, and nods, "I know. Apparently Bianca couldn't trust that this was as simple as it seemed. Can't blame her, really. Again, however, I have no interest in being part of this game of plus sized paintball you're playing with them - or they are playing with you."

[22:23] Rena Mayne looked up. "All I wanted was an apology and a little respect I've learned I'll get neither. Wish I could tell you how this will play out...but for now, they've lost a powerful ally...and I don't mean physically powerful, my friends are my power. And I have....many friends. If it keeps up, they will gain an equally influencial enemy. But it hasn't come to that yet." she smiled, but there was a hint of sadness there. "They were like family to me once. But enough, you should get back to her if she is so concerned and you can tell her I had no designs on you. Forge is more than I can handle. I really just wanted to know...and now I do." she flashed a sudden grin as she rose from her seat as gracefully as sl would allow. "If I buy you again it will be to hear YOUR story."

20160602 M8 M20 @ Fujimi Kougen Snow Resort by BLUEMOON LIFE

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Date: 24:30-25:40JST Jun.2, 2016

Location: Fujimi Plateau, Nagano Pref., Japan

Cloud Coverage: <5%

Scope: BORG71FL, Reducer0.72xDGQ

Mount: SWAT-200 (single axis autoguiding)

Autoguider: QHY5L-II, LM75JC, PHD Guiding

Filter: none

Camera: Canon EOS 6D (SEO-SP4)

ISO speed: 3200

Exposure: 10x180sec.

Processing: PixInsight

_ATE6276.jpg by ATELIER Photo. cat

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📆2019-02-16 ⏱15'30h➡️WPF‍♀️DH J-12🏆Liga Premaat📍Piscina: Joan Serra 🔛: @cnmatarolasirena 🆚 @wpfemrubi ( @cnrubi ) - @timeoutsports.cat @sports_of_our_world @fotocinematarouec @totmataro - Photo:©️J.Arnau/Atelier Photo - ⚪️🔵🔴 - 🔛 L'enllaç a les fotos ho podeu veure a la bio. El enlace a todas las fotos en la bio. Link to all photos in the bio. "Mataró Viu l'Esport 2018" --

Date Day by Katie Shelton

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cuckold dating by Ada Johnson

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To find best cuckold sites, most cuckold finder or cuckold singles would like to read the review of cuckold sites, Cuckold Sites provides the top 5 cuckold dating sites for swingers, threesome finders, bisexuals and crossdressers to find best site to date a cuckold. www.cuckoldsites.org/

Worst Date Ever? by John Morey

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"Date over, man! Date over!"

Featured on Life In Plastic: nerditis.com/2013/07/26/life-in-plastic-toy-review-albino...

2018 Chevy Camaro ZL1 Release Date by Angelina Natacha

2018 Chevy Camaro ZL1 Release Date

2018 Chevy Camaro ZL1 Release Date – 2018 Chevy Camaro is the new era fabricated by Chevrolet. This model delegated horse auto. The auto will be based on the lighter stage with new motors, new idea outline, and new elements. Contrasted and the past model,...

autodesignprice.com/2018-chevy-camaro-zl1-release-date/

MMPhRR0HviM by Lina Osbourne

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Live webcam: linaosbourne.blogspot.com/

Only for men!

Found Kodachrome Slide by Thomas Hawk

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date stamped on slide April 1979

Melba by Delphine Smith

1

profile daiting.icu/90017

Antoon @ Safaripark Beekse Bergen 02-05-2015 by Maxime de Boer

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Date of birth: 26-10-2012

Found Ektachrome Slide by Thomas Hawk

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date stamped on slide, March 1979

Found Kodachrome Slide by Thomas Hawk

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date stamped on slide June 1968

Date Night<3 by Heatherheartbeat

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We actually went on a date and it was amazing.

ARE YOU HITTING ON ME? domestic abuse shoot by sophie merlo

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Violence or other bullying behaviour wouldn't be tolerated on a first date. Don't tolerate it within a relationship.

Models Jaz and George

Photographer: Sophie Merlo

With thanks to the owner and staff of The Royal Archer, Kingswood, for the use of their facilities for the shoot.

‪‬

birthday. by Christina Einsiedler

4

Pileated Woodpecker by Dean Mahlstedt

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Date: May 22, 2016

Location: Jackson Pond - Columbia, Maryland

Description: Flew within 5 feet of me as I was checking out a Gray Catbird. It quickly got my attention.

GV Florida Transport, Inc. S0001, GD201 and GD103 by Ph0enix Travel and Tours

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Date Taken: December 10, 2025

Shot Location: GVF Open Garage, M. Earnshaw Street corner S. H. Loyola and Extremadura Streets, Sampaloc, Manila

Date Palm Torquay by Torquay Palms

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Photographs of palm trees on the English Riviera's beautiful and flourishing micro-climate.

A lovely canary island date palm currently in flower.

icelandic girls by Yenni Benz

4

icelandic girls

icelandfriendfinder.com

St Mary the Virgin, Bishopsbourne, Kent by Jelltex

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I thought I had visited St Mary years ago. And indeed I had, or stood on the green in front of it, but didn't set foot inside.

This I didn't realise until Saturday when I was standing outside it looking at the row of cottages leading to the lych gate, I knew the scene was new to me.

The drizzle was still falling, so I could not linger in the churchyard, and scampered along the south side of the building, looking for the porch, but there wasn't one. Instead a simple door near to the chancel gave way when I turned the handle, after stepping over the void that acts as a drain for rainwater falling from the roof.

I tried hard to find the lightswitches, as in the gloom of the early afternoon, it was almost dark inside. Even when I found the switches in the south chapel, there seemed to be no power to them, so the church remained in half darkness.

What I did see, and was dazzled by, were tiles used to line the lower part of the chancel walls, like a mosaic, creating fantastic patterns.

-----------------------------------------

A mainly thirteenth century church restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott. There is a high window which originally shed light onto the Rood figures (see also Capel le Ferne). Some medieval glass survives in the heads of the windows in the chancel showing angels holding crowns. The west window was designed by Morris and Co in 1874 to commemorate a former Rector, whilst the south chapel has a set of continental glass brought here by the Beckingham family from their house in Essex. Above the nave arcade is a good set of murals including a figure of St Nicholas. The famous Elizabethan theologian Richard Hooker is commemorated in the chancel.

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Bishopsbourne

-------------------------------------------

Bishopsbourne is another example of a parish church belonging to the church (the archbishop, in this case), which was totally rebuilt on a large(r) scale in the 13th century (cf. Chartham). The chancel, as rebuilt, was as wide as the nave, and there is no chancel arch (and probably never has been).

The nave and chancel both show at least two phases of work of about the mid to later 13th century, so it seems likely that a rebuilding programme was being carried on in stages during the 2nd half of the 13th century (no sign exists, above-ground, of the earlier church).

Perhaps the earliest visible work are the two pairs of two-light windows on either side of the chancel. They have geometrical tracery and all sit on an internal moulded string course (there is medieval glass at the top of all these windows). This string course rises up in the east wall, and has on it the five-light east window, within trefoiled lancets, which is perhaps slightly later in date. There is also a late 13th century piscina at the east end of the south wall (though with a 19th century back wall). Externally the N.E. and S.E. corners of the chancel have angle buttresses, but these are heavily restored. It is also just possible that there were further geometrical windows further west in the chancel, which were covered/removed when the 15th century additions were made.

In the nave, as John Newman has pointed out, the two slender arcades have slight differences (N. capitals more complex than the S. ones). Also that the nave abaci are undercut, while the chancel string course is not. Originally the south arcade was at least three bays long (ie. longer than the present nave), but on the north this is not so clear. The aisles themselves are very narrow, with shed roofs continuing the slope of the main nave roof (though this shape may only be 15th century when the aisles were remodelled). The only surviving feature of the 13th century in the outer aisle walls (again heavily restored externally in the 19th century) is the north doorway with its niche (called a stoup by some writers, but not necessarily one) immediately to the east. This doorway has slightly projecting pilasters on either side, and the whole was covered by a porch until 1837.

The second main phase of work took place in the later 15th century. First, the whole of the west end of the church was demolished and a new tower was constructed with diagonal buttresses. The tower is of three main stages with the top stage rendered. The whole of the south face is mostly rendered. As this was being built, short walls were erected from the eastern diagonal buttresses to the 13th century arcade (ie. leaving the western ends of the aisles outside). (This is perhaps due to a population decrease in the parish). New west walls (containing two light perpendicular square headed windows) to the shortened aisles were also built, and four new 2-light perpendicular windows were inserted into the outer aisle walls. Along the top of the inside of the aisles walls a new moulded timber stringcourse was made (the roofs were perhaps also remade, but they are hidden beneath plaster in the aisles, and the main nave roof was replaced in 1871). At the west end of the nave the new short north and south walls contain five 3-light windows with perpendicular tracery under a 2-centred arch in their heads. On the upper nave walls, above the arcade, are remains of some fine painted figures on a painted 'ashlar' background. These were perhaps painted after the 15th century rebuilding (a date of around 1462 for the rebuilding is perhaps suggested by the will of William Harte (see below). At the extreme west end of the nave are two areas (N. and S.) of in situ medieval floor tiles. It is just possible that they predate the tower building work. (They must continue eastwards under the pews). There is also a 15th cent. octagonal font bowl (on a 1975 base). The southern chapel (the Bourne Pew after the Reformation) with its diagonal buttresses and 3-light east window is also 15th century but it was very heavily restored in c. 1853 (date over new S. door). It has a separate roof (and plaster ceiling). The rectangular N. addition with a plinth is also 15th century and was perhaps built as a vestry. It had an external door and only a small door into the chancel until the rebuilding of 1865, when a massive new arch was put in to accommodate a new organ (earlier the organ was under the tower arch). At this time also a totally new pitched roof was built over the vestry, perhaps replacing a low pitched 15th century roof. There is a high up window on the north side above the pulpit, with some old glass in it.

A new boiler house was dug under the western half of the vestry (in the 1880s - date on radiator), and its N.W. corner was rebuilt, incorporating a fireplace and chimney. The cut through N. chancel wall (and foundation) can be seen in the boiler room below.

The door into the Rood loft is in the S.E. corner of the nave.

In 1871-2 a major restoration took place under Scott, when the boarded wagon roofs were put in (nave and chancel) and new pews were installed (and choir stalls). The c. 18th century pulpit was remodelled and has its larger tester removed. The west window contains 1874 Morris & Co glass with figures by Burne Jones. There is also much c. 1877 mosaic work on the lower chancel walls and a large Reredos. The chancel floor was also raised.

BUILDING MATERIALS (Incl. old plaster, paintings, glass, tiles, etc.):

The main building materials are flintwork with Rag and Caenstone quoins/jambs, etc. However much of this has been removed externally by the heavy 19th century restoration. The nave arcades are of Reigate stone. The 15th century tower has fine large quoins of Kent Rag (Hythe/Folkestone stone with boring mollusc holes), and a few reused pieces of Caen, Reigate and Roman brick.

The south chapel was "partly of brick" in 1846 (Glynne) but this has now gone in the Restoration. There is also some fine early post-medieval glass in the east window of this chapel.

(For medieval glass, wall paintings and floor tiles ,see above).

(Also 15th century choir stalls, see below). There are also the arms and Cardinals Cap of Cardinal Morton (hence 1494-1500) in the S.W. chancel window.

There are now 4 bells (2 J Hatch of 1618; Christopher Hodson 1685 and Robert Mot 1597). The later from St. Mary, Bredman, Canterbury was installed in 1975 (a cracked bell was 'discarded').

A late medieval brass (of John and Elizabeth Colwell) lies under the organ - another of 1617 (John Gibon) is under the choir stalls.

EXCEPTIONAL MONUMENTS IN CHURCH To Richard Hooker (1633) - originally on N chancel wall and moved to S chancel will c. 1865.

Also John Cockman (+1734) - also on N. chancel wall and moved to E. wall of N. aisle c. 1865 (when the organ was put under new vestry arch).

Also a fine Purbeck marble (14th century) grave slab under the N.E. corner of the tower.

There are also two fine 15th century (c. 1462) stall fronts in the chancel with carved panels and ends (and 'poppy heads'). The added Victorian choir stalls copy them.

CHURCHYARD AND ENVIRONS:

Shape: Rectangular

Condition: Good

Earthworks:

enclosing: drop on N. and W. sides (?Ha-Ha) into Bourne Park adjacent:

Building in churchyard or on boundary: Lychgate of 1911

HISTORICAL RECORD (where known):

Earliest ref. to church: Domesday Book

Evidence of pre-Norman status (DB, DM, TR etc.):

Late med. status: Rectory

Patron: The Archbishop

Other documentary sources: Test. Cant. (E. Kent 1907) 23 mentions 'one piece of that stone on which the Archangel Gabriel descended when he saluted the 'BVM' to the Image of the BVM of the church of Bourne. Towards the work of the Church of Bourne, of the stalls and other reparations, 4 marcs. Wm. Haute (1462). Also 'Beam, now before altar of B. Mary in the church' (1477) and Lights of St. Mary, St. Katherine and St. Nicholas (1484) and light of Holy Cross (1462) and 'The altar of St. Mary and St. Nicholas in the nave' (1476).

SURVIVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS:

Inside present church: Good - main nave and chancel floor raised in 19th century (earlier levels should be intact beneath (except where burials, etc.).

Outside present church: Drainage trench cut round outside of church.

Quinquennial inspection (date\architect): October 1987 David Martin

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT:

The church and churchyard: A fine 13th and 15th century church, with an impressive collection of medieval wall paintings, stained glass, floor tiles and pew fronts inside. The 13th century architectural details of the chancel windows and nave arcade are very good. There are, no doubt, the remains of the earlier church beneath.

The wider context: One of a group of fine later 13th century rebuildings (cf. Hythe, Chartham, Adisham, etc.)

REFERENCES: Notes by FC Elliston Erwood, Arch. Cant. 62 (1949), 101-3 (+ plan) + S. R. Glynne Notes on the Churches of Kent (1877), 130-1 (He visited in 1846); Hasted IX (1800), 335-7; Newman BOE (N.E. and E Kent) (3rd ed. 1983) 144-5.

Guide book: by Miss Alice Castle (1931, rev. 1961, 1969, 1980) - no plan.

Plans & drawings: Early 19th century engraving of interior looking W. NW (before restoration).

DATES VISITED: 25th November 1991 REPORT BY: Tim Tatton-Brown

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/01/03/BIS.htm

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BISHOPSBORNE

LIES the next parish eastward from Bridge, described before, in the hundred of that name. It is called in Domesday, Burnes, that is, borne, from the bourn or stream which rises in it, being the head of the river, called the Lesser Stour; and it had the name of Bishopsborne from its belonging to the archbishop, and to distinguish it from the several other parishes of the same name in this neighbourhood. There is but one borough in this parish, namely, that of Bourne.

THIS PARISH lies about five miles eastward from Canterbury, just beyond Bridge, about half a mile from the Dover road, and the entrance of Barham downs in the valley on the left hand, where the church and village, the parsonage, the mansion and grounds of Bourne place, and the seat of Charlton at the opposite boundary, with the high hills behind them, topped with woods, from a most pleasing and luxuriant prospect indeed. In this beautiful valley, in which the Lesser Stour rises, and through which the Nailbourne at times runs, is the village of Bourne-street, consisting of about fifteen houses, and near it the small seat of Ofwalds, belonging to Mr. Beckingham, and now inhabited by his brother the Rev. Mr. Beckingham, and near it the church and court-lodge. On the rise of the hill is the parsonage, an antient building modernized, and much improved by the present rector Dr. Fowell, and from its whiteness a conspicuous object to the road and Barham downs. About a mile distant eastward, in the vale, close to the foot of the hills, is Charlton, in a low and damp situation, especially when the nailbourne runs. On the opposite side of the church westward, stands the ornament of this parish, the noble mansion of Bourne-place, (for several years inhabited by Sir Horace Mann, bart. but now by William Harrison, esq.) with its paddocks, grounds, and plantations, reaching up to the downs, having the bourn, which is the source of the Lesser Stour, which rises here in the front of it, directing its course from hence to Bridge, and so on by Littleborne, Ickham and Wickham, till it joins the Greater Stour river. This valley from this source of the bourn upwards, is dry, except after great rains, or thaws of snow, when the springs of the Nailbourn occasionally over flow at Liminge and Elham, and directing their course through this parish descend into the head of the bourn, and blend their waters with it. From this valley southward the opposite hills rise pretty high to the woodland, called Gosley wood, belonging to Mr. Beckingham, of large extent, and over a poor, barren and stony country, with rough healthy ground interspersed among it, to the valley at the southern boundary of the parish, adjoining to Hardres; near which is the house of Bursted, in a lonely unfrequented situations, hardly known to any one.

THE MANOR OF BOURNE, otherwise Bishopsborne, was given by one Aldhun, a man of some eminence in Canterbury, from his office of præfect, or bailiff of that city, (qui in hac regali villa bujus civitatis prafectus suit), (fn. 1) to the monks of Christ-church there, towards the support of their refectory. After which, anno 811, the monks exchanged it, among other estates, with archbishop Wlfred, for the manor of Eastry, and it continued part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, at the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in which it is thus entered, under the title of the archbishop's lands:

In Berham hundred, the archbishop himself holds Burnes in demesne. It was taxed for six sulings. The arable land is fifty carucates. In demesne there are five carucates, and sixty-four villeins, with fifty-three borderers having thirty carucates and an half. There is a church, and two mills of eight shillings and six pence, and twenty acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of fifteen hogs. Of herbage twenty-seven pence. In its whole value, in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty pounds, now thirty pounds.

The manor of Bishopsborne appears by the above entry to have been at that time in the archbishop's own hands, and it probably continued so as long as it remained part of his revenues, which was till the 35th year of king Henry VIII. when archbishop Cranmer, by an act specially passed for the purpose, exchanged this manor with the park, grounds and soil of the archbishop in this parish, called Langham park, with Thomas Colepeper, sen. esq. of Bedgbury, who that year alienated it to Sir Anthony Aucher, of Otterden, who gave this manor, with the rest of his possessions in this parish, to his second son Edward. Since which it has continued in the same line of ownership as Bourne-place, as will be more particularly mentioned hereafter, down to Stephen Beckingham, esq. the present owner of it. A court leet and court baron is held for this manor.

BOURNE-PLACE, formerly called the manor of Hautsbourne, is an eminent seat in this parish, for the manor has from unity of possession been for many years merged in the paramount manor of Bishopsborne. It was in very early times possessed by a family who took their name from it. Godric de Burnes is mentioned in the very beginning of the survey of Domesday, as the possessor of lands in it. John de Bourne had a grant of free-warren and other liberties for his lands in Bourne and Higham in the 16th year of king Edward I. He left an only daughter Helen, who carried this estate in marriage to John de Shelving, of Shelvingborne, whose grandson, of the same name, died anno 4 Edward III. at which time this manor had acquired from them the name of Shelvington. He left an only daughter and heir Benedicta, who carried it in marriage to Sir Edmund de Haut, of Petham, whose son Nicholas Haut gave to William, his youngest son, this estate of Bishopsborne, where he afterwards resided, and died in 1462, having been knight of the shire and sheriff of this county. From him it descended down to Sir William Haut, of Hautsborne, sheriff in the 16th and 29th year of king Henry VIII. whose son Edmund dying unmarried in his life-time, his two daughters, Elizabeth, married to Thomas Colepeper, esq. of Bedgbury, and Jane, to Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allington-castle, became his coheirs, and on the division of their estates, this of Hautsborne was allotted to the former, and her hus band Thomas Colepeper, in her right, became possessed of it, and having acquired the manor of Bishopsborne by exchange from the archbishop, anno 35 Henry VIII. immediately afterwards passed away both that and Hautsborne to Sir Anthony Aucher, of Otterden, whose family derived their origin from Ealcher, or Aucher, the first earl of Kent, who had the title of duke likewise, from his being intrusted with the military power of the county. He is eminent in history for his bravery against the Danes, in the year 853. They first settled at Newenden, where more of the early account of them may be seen. He at his death gave them to his second son Edward, who afterwards resided here at Shelvington, alias Hautsborne, as it was then called, whose great-grandson Sir Anthony Aucher was created a baronet in 1666, and resided here. He left surviving two sons Anthony and Hewitt, and two daughters, Elizabeth, afterwards married to John Corbett, esq. of Salop, LL. D. and Hester, to the Rev. Ralph Blomer, D. D. prebendary of Canterbury. He died in 1692, and was succeeded by his eldest son, who dying under age and unmarried, Hewitt his brother succeeded him in title and estate, but he dying likewise unmarried about the year 1726, the title became extinct, but his estates devolved by his will to his elder sister Elizabeth, who entitled her husband Dr. Corbett afterwards to them, and he died possessed of the manor of Bishopsborne, with this seat, which seems then to have been usually called Bourneplace, in 1736, leaving his five daughters his coheirs, viz. Katherine, afterwards married to Stephen Beckingham, esq. Elizabeth, to the Rev. Thomas Denward; Frances, to Sir William Hardres, bart. Antonina, to Ignat. Geohegan, esq. and Margaret-Hannah-Roberta, to William Hougham, esq. of Canterbury, the four latter of whom, with their respective husbands, in 1752, jointed in the sale of their shares in this estate to Stephen Beckingham, esq. above-men tioned, who then became possessed of the whole of it. He married first the daughter of Mr. Cox, by whom he had the present Stephen beckingham, esq. who married Mary, daughter of the late John Sawbridge, esq. of Ollantigh, deceased, by whom he had an only daughter, who married John-George Montague, esq. eldest son of John, lord viscount Hinchingbrooke, since deceased. By his second wife Catherine, daughter of Dr. John Corbet, he had two daughters, Charlotte and Catherine, both married, one to Mr. Dillon and the other to Mr. Gregory; and a son John Charles, in holy orders, and now rector of Upper Hardres. They bear for their arms, Argent, a sess, crenelle, between three escallop shells, sable. He died in 1756, and his son Stephen Beckingham, esq. above-mentioned, now of Hampton-court, is the present owner of the manor of Bishopsborne, and the mansion of Bourneplace.

BURSTED is a manor, in the southern part of this parish, obscurely situated in an unfrequented valley, among the woods, next to Hardres. It is in antient deeds written Burghsted, and was formerly the property of a family of the same name, in which it remained till it was at length sold to one of the family of Denne, of Dennehill, in Kingston, and it continued so till Thomas Denne, esq. of that place, in Henry VIII.'s reign, gave it to his son William, whose grandson William, son of Vincent Denne, LL. D. died possessed of it in 1640, and from him it descended down to Mr. Thomas Denne, gent. of Monkton-court, in the Isle of Thanet, who died not many years since, and his widow Mrs. Elizabeth Denne, of Monktoncourt, is the present possessor of it.

CHARLTON is a seat, in the eastern part of this parish, which was formerly the estate of a family named Herring, in which it continued till William Herring, anno 3 James I. conveyed it to John Gibbon, gent. the third son of Thomas Gibbon, of Frid, in Bethers den, descended again from those of Rolvenden, and he resided here, and died possessed of it in 1617, as did his son William in 1632, whose heirs passed it away to Sir Anthony Aucher, bart. whose son Sir Hewitt Aucher, bart. in 1726, gave it by will to his sister Elizabeth, and she afterwards carried it in marriage to John Corbett, LL. D. of Salop, who died possessed of it in 1735, leaving his window surviving, after whose death in 1764 it came to her five daughters and coheirs, who, excepting Frances, married to Sir William Hardres, bart. joined with their husbands in the sale of their respective fifth parts of it in 1765, to Francis Hender Foote, clerk, who resided here. Mr. Foote was first a barrister-at-law, and then took orders. He married Catherine, third daughter of Robert Mann, esq. of Linton, by whom he had three sons, John, mentioned below, who is married and has issue; Robert, rector of Boughton Malherb, and vicar of Linton, who married Anne, daughter of Dobbins Yate, esq. of Gloucestershire, and Edward, in the royal navy; and three daughters, of whom two died unmarried, and Catherine, the second, married first Mr. Ross, and secondly Sir Robert Herries, banker, of London. Mr. Foote died possessed of them in 1773, leaving his wife Catherine surviving, who possessed them at her death in 1776, on which they descended to their eldest son John Foote, esq. of Charlton, who in 1784, purchased of the heirs of lady Hardres, deceased, the remaining fifth part, and so became possessed of the whole of it, of which he is the present owner, but Mr. Turner now resides in it.

Charities.

MRS. ELIZABETH CORBETT, window, executrix of Sir Hewit Aucher, bart. deceased, in 1749, made over to trustees, for the use and benefit of the poor, a tenement called Bonnetts, and half an acre of land adjoining, in this parish; now occupied by two poor persons, but if rented, of the annual value of 3l.

The poor constantly relieved are about eleven, casually seven.

THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Bridge.

¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a large building, consisting of three isles and three chancels, having a tower steeple at the west end, in which are four bells. This church is a large handsome building, but it is not kept so comely as it ought to be. In the chancel is a monument for Richard Hooker, rector of this parish, who died in 1600; on it is his bust, in his black gown and square cap. A monument for John Cockman, M. D. of Charlton. His widow lies in the vault by him, obt. 1739; arms, Argent, three cocks, gules, impaling Dyke. Memorial for Petronell, wife of Dr. John Fowell, the present rector, second daughter of William Chilwich, esq. of Devonshire, obt. 1766. She lies buried in a vault under the altar. A large stone, twelve feet long, supposed to be over the remains of Mr. Richard Hooker. A memorial on brass for John Gibbon, gent. of this parish, obt. 1617; arms, Gibbon, a lion rampant-guardant, between three escallops, impaling Hamon, of Acrise, quartering Cossington. Memorials for Mrs. Jane Gibbon, his wife, obt. 1625, and for William Gibbon, gent. obt. 1632. A memorial for William Gresham, obt. 1718. In one of the windows are the arms of the see of Canterbury impaling Warham. In the middle isle, in the south wall, above the capital of the pillar, opposite the pulpit, is a recess, in which once stood the image of the Virgin Mary, the patron saint of this church, to which William Hawte, esq. by will anno 1462, among the rest of his relics, gave a piece of the stone on which the archangel Gabriel descended, when he saluted her, for this image to rest its feet upon. On the pavement near this, seemingly over a vault, is a stone with an inscription in brass, for William, eldest son of Sir William Hawt. A memorial for Farnham Aldersey, gent. of this parish, only son of Farnham Aldersey, gent. of Maidstone, obt. 1733. Memorials for several of the Dennes, of this parish. In a window of the south isle, are the arms of Haut, impaling Argent, a lion rampant-guardant, azure. The south chancel is inclosed and made into a handsome pew for the family of Bourne-place, under which is a vault appropriated to them. The window of it eastward is a very handsome one, mostly of modern painted glass; the middle parts filled up with scripture history, and the surrounding compartments with the arms and different marriages impaled of the family of Beckingham. On each side of this window are two ranges of small octagon tablets of black marble, intended for the family of Aucher, and their marriages, but they were not continued. In the church-yard, on the south side, is a vault for the family of Foote, of Charlton, and a tomb for Mrs. Elizabeth Corbett, obt. 1764; arms, Corbett, which were Or, two ravens, sable, within a bordure, gules, bezantee. At the north-east corner of the church-porch are several tombs for the Dennes.

The church of Bishopsborne, with the chapel of Barham annexed, was antiently appendant to the manor, and continued so till the exchange made between the archbishop and Thomas Colepeper, in the 35th year of king Henry VIII. out of which the advowson of this rectory was excepted. Since which it has continued parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury to the present time, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.

This rectory, (including the chapel of Barham annexed to it) is valued in the king's books at 39l. 19s. 2d. and the yearly tenths at 3l. 19s. 11d. In 1588 here were communicants one hundred. In 1640 one hundred and forty-eight, and it was valued, with Barham, at two hundred and fifty pounds per annum.

Church of Bishopsborne with the Chapel of Barhan annexed.

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol9/pp328-337

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Richard Hooker (March 1554 – 3 November 1600) was an English priest in the Church of England and an influential theologian.[2] He was one of the most important English theologians of the sixteenth century.[3] His defence of the role of redeemed reason informed the theology of the seventeenth century Caroline Divines and later provided many members of the Church of England with a theological method which combined the claims of revelation, reason and tradition.[3] Scholars disagree regarding Hooker's relationship with what would later be called "Anglicanism" and the Reformed theological tradition. Traditionally, he has been regarded as the originator of the Anglican via media between Protestantism and Catholicism.[4]:1 However, a growing number of scholars have argued that he should be considered as being in the mainstream Reformed theology of his time and that he only sought to oppose the extremists (Puritans), rather than moving the Church of England away from Protestantism.

This sermon from 1585 was one of those that triggered Travers attack and appeal to the Privy Council. Travers accused Hooker of preaching doctrine favourable to the Church of Rome when in fact he had just described their differences emphasising that Rome attributed to works "a power of satisfying God for sin;..." For Hooker, works were a necessary expression of thanksgiving for unmerited justification by a merciful God.[11] Hooker defended his belief in the doctrine of Justification by faith, but argued that even those who did not understand or accept this could be saved by God.

Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie is Hooker's best-known work, with the first four books being published in 1594. The fifth was published in 1597, while the final three were published posthumously,[2] and indeed may not all be his own work. Structurally, the work is a carefully worked out reply to the general principles of Puritanism as found in The Admonition and Thomas Cartwright's follow-up writings, more specifically:

Scripture alone is the rule that should govern all human conduct;

Scripture prescribes an unalterable form of Church government;

The English Church is corrupted by Roman Catholic orders, rites, etc.;

The law is corrupt in not allowing lay elders;

'There ought not to be in the Church Bishops'.[12]

Of the Lawes has been characterised as "probably the first great work of philosophy and theology to be written in English."[13] The book is far more than a negative rebuttal of the puritan claims: it is (here McAdoo quotes John S. Marshall) 'a continuous and coherent whole presenting a philosophy and theology congenial to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer and the traditional aspects of the Elizabethan Settlement."[14]

Quoting C. S. Lewis,[15] Stephen Neill underlines its positive side in the following terms: Hitherto, in England, "controversy had involved only tactics; Hooker added strategy. Long before the close fighting in Book III begins, the puritan position has been rendered desperate by the great flanking movements in Books I and II. . . . Thus the refutation of the enemy comes in the end to seem a very small thing, a by-product."[16]

It is a massive work that deals mainly with the proper governance of the churches ("polity"). The Puritans advocated the demotion of clergy and ecclesiasticism. Hooker attempted to work out which methods of organising churches are best.[2] What was at stake behind the theology was the position of the Queen Elizabeth I as the Supreme Governor of the Church. If doctrine were not to be settled by authorities, and if Martin Luther's argument for the priesthood of all believers were to be followed to its extreme with government by the Elect, then having the monarch as the governor of the church was intolerable. On the other side, if the monarch were appointed by God to be the governor of the church, then local parishes going their own ways on doctrine were similarly intolerable.

In political philosophy, Hooker is best remembered for his account of law and the origins of government in Book One of the Politie. Drawing heavily on the legal thought of Thomas Aquinas, Hooker distinguishes seven forms of law: eternal law ("that which God hath eternally purposed himself in all his works to observe"), celestial law (God's law for the angels), nature's law (that part of God's eternal law that governs natural objects), the law of reason (dictates of Right Reason that normatively govern human conduct), human positive law (rules made by human lawmakers for the ordering of a civil society), divine law (rules laid down by God that can only be known by special revelation), and ecclesiastical law (rules for the governance of a church). Like Aristotle, whom he frequently quotes, Hooker believes that humans are naturally inclined to live in society. Governments, he claims, are based on both this natural social instinct and on the express or implied consent of the governed.

The Laws is remembered not only for its stature as a monumental work of Anglican thought, but also for its influence in the development of theology, political theory, and English prose.

Hooker worked largely from Thomas Aquinas, but he adapted scholastic thought in a latitudinarian manner. He argued that church organisation, like political organisation, is one of the "things indifferent" to God. He wrote that minor doctrinal issues were not issues that damned or saved the soul, but rather frameworks surrounding the moral and religious life of the believer. He contended there were good monarchies and bad ones, good democracies and bad ones, and good church hierarchies and bad ones: what mattered was the piety of the people. At the same time, Hooker argued that authority was commanded by the Bible and by the traditions of the early church, but authority was something that had to be based on piety and reason rather than automatic investiture. This was because authority had to be obeyed even if it were wrong and needed to be remedied by right reason and the Holy Spirit. Notably, Hooker affirmed that the power and propriety of bishops need not be in every case absolute.

King James I is quoted by Izaak Walton, Hooker's biographer, as saying, "I observe there is in Mr. Hooker no affected language; but a grave, comprehensive, clear manifestation of reason, and that backed with the authority of the Scriptures, the fathers and schoolmen, and with all law both sacred and civil."[17] Hooker's emphasis on Scripture, reason, and tradition considerably influenced the development of Anglicanism, as well as many political philosophers, including John Locke.[2] Locke quotes Hooker numerous times in the Second Treatise of Civil Government and was greatly influenced by Hooker's natural-law ethics and his staunch defence of human reason. As Frederick Copleston notes, Hooker's moderation and civil style of argument were remarkable in the religious atmosphere of his time.[18] In the Church of England he is celebrated with a Lesser Festival on 3 November and the same day is also observed in the Calendars of other parts of the Anglican Communion.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hooker

Date Change by ginger sara

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Contact Sara Box for LM

44 by Vera Long

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Our first date... by Geshpanets

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That was our first date. I had another camera (350d) and useless kit lens. I've bought first camera in my life a few days before our acquaintance and decided to shot her while drinking coffee.

This photo is the remake of the photo made by 2th of November 2006.

Now I found the original of that photo and decided to work it up something different. That was the time i hadn't any skills for mastering the photo and no skill using the camera, ISO settings, exposure and etc.

I remastered the photo, put away the picture on the wall (it disturbed) and changed colors a bit. And i was wondered! I could not make some thing constructively different with the first version! I don't know how could i made such a good picture on that days. Maybe it was love...

Anyway, i am happy i met her that day. Now we are together, and i still make pictures of her and enjoy it. And I hope you will like it.

Make love. Keep love!

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PVP Liner by ronvi_boy dos

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date taken: Dec. 23, 2010 at PGH...

Date night by LoChiOne