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"Vought Corporation has conducted a conceptual design study and aerodynamic analysis of a Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) fighter/attack aircraft. The "Superfly" VATOL configuration is illustrated...The salient features are the close coupled canard-delta wing planform and the two augmented turbofan engines fed by fixed ramp inlets. Axisymmetric gimballed nozzles and wingtip reaction jets provide attitude control in vertical attitude hover and transition. Conventional landing gear permit short takeoffs from ships or normal runway operation. Extensive use of composite materials make a single engine vertical landing capability a feasible design goal.
The SF-121 configuration was synthesized to objective performance guidelines. The principal sizing constraints were:
- Supersonic Intercept mission radius = 150 NM (278 km) at Mach 1.6
- Sustained load factor = 6.2 g at Mach 0.6 10,000 feet (3,048 m)
- Single engine thrust/weight = 1.03 with afterburner.
The resulting point design has a VTO weight of 23,375 pounds (10,603 kg), a wing aspect ratio of 2.3 and a wing reference area of 354 square ft (32.89 square meters). The SF-121 is capable of short takeoffs with a 10,000 pound (4,536 kg) overload in 400 feet (122 m) . The combat performance objectives were exceeded by a wide margin.”
And from the abstract:
"A conceptual design study was performed of a vertical attitude takeoff and landing (VATOL) fighter/attack aircraft. The configuration has a close-coupled canard-delta wing, side two-dimensional ramp inlets, and two augmented turbofan engines with thrust vectoring capability. Performance and sensitivities to objective requirements were calculated. Aerodynamic characteristics were estimated based on contractor and NASA wind tunnel data. Computer simulations of VATOL transitions were performed. Successful transitions can be made, even with series post-stall instabilities, if reaction controls are properly phased. Principal aerodynamic uncertainties identified were post-stall aerodynamics, transonic aerodynamics with thrust vectoring and inlet performance in VATOL transition. A wind tunnel research program was recommended to resolve the aerodynamic uncertainties."
Both above are excerpts from the "STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY FOR VSTOL FIGHTER/ATTACK AIRCRAFT - PHASE I FINAL REPORT" published by the Vought Corporation in 1978, available (for now) at:
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790001857
Additional discussion, to include graphic extracts from the above document, to include my photo, with correction, at:
www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/vought-ltv-sf-106-and-sf...
Credit: SECRET PROJECTS Forum website
My sincere thanks to Rolf Schmidt (see/read below), allowing for the corrected description above. I'll retain my following lackadaisical & woefully wrong initial description to retain context for our discourse in the comment section below:
“The Short Take-Off and Landing/ Maneuver Technology Demonstrator (STOL/MTD) Joint Test Force completed the first phase of F‑15 STOL tests. The goal of the program was to demonstrate that an F-15 fitted with new technologies could land without navigational aid from the ground, on a bumpy field only 1,500 feet in length and 50 feet wide at night, in bad weather, with a 30-knot crosswind.
In 1975, Langley Research Center began to conduct sponsored programs studying two-dimensional thrust vectoring nozzles; government and industry studies of non-axisymmetric two-dimensional (2-D) nozzles in the early 1970s had identified significant payoffs for thrust-vectoring 2-D nozzle concepts. In 1977, Langley started a system integration study of thrust-vectoring, thrust-reversing, and 2-D nozzles on the F-15 with McDonnell Douglas Corporation (MDC). In 1984, the Flight Dynamics Laboratory, the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division awarded a contract to McDonnell Douglas for an advanced development STOL/MTD experimental aircraft. The aircraft used in the STOL/MTD program has flown several times since the successful STOL/MTD program completion in 1991 that used thrust vectoring and canard foreplanes to improve low-speed performance. This aircraft tested high-tech methods for operating from a short runway. This F-15 was part of an effort to improve ABO (Air Base Operability), the survival of warplanes and fighting capability at airfields under attack.
The F-15 STOL/MTD tested ways to land and take off from wet, bomb-damaged runways. The aircraft used a combination of reversible engine thrust, jet nozzles that could be deflected by 20 degrees, and canard foreplanes. Pitch vectoring/reversing nozzles and canard foreplanes were fitted to the F-15 in 1988. NASA acquired the plane in 1993 and replaced the engines with Pratt & Whitney F100-229 engines with Pitch/Yaw vectoring nozzles. The canard foreplanes were derived from the F/A-18's stabilators. Prior to August 15, 1991, when McDonnell Douglas ended its program after accomplishing their flight objectives, the F-15 STOL/MTD plane achieved some impressive performance results:
- Demonstrated vectored takeoffs with rotation at speeds as low as 42 mph
- A 25-percent reduction in takeoff roll
- Landing on just 1,650 feet of runway compared to 7,500 foot for the standard F-15
- Thrust reversal in flight to produce rapid deceleration
Above paraphrased from:
www.aftc.af.mil/News/On-This-Day-in-Test-History/Article-...
Credit: Air Force Test Center (AFTC) website
Check out what’s going in the image, like the one coming in for a landing…I think. It’s completely vertical! Like the crazy shit the soulless Soviet/Russian bastards used to demonstrate at air shows. Then there’s the starboard quarter elevator/platform, or whatever it’s called…in a vertical position…with an F-15 STOL/MTD attached! Huh? And…is the approaching aircraft coming in to land on the similarly vertical port elevator/platform??? I mean, it looks to be headed right for it. If so, I suppose the arresting cable acts like the wire on the back of wall art. 😉
As if all of that crazy stuff wasn’t enough, this beautiful work is apparently by the hand of a female artist, Patricia (Tricia) Martin. Outstanding! Possibly a Vought artist.
Indirect confirmation of the above is found in her respectful April 18, 2022 recollection of fellow Vought artist Howard Ernest Hicks, upon his passing:
“I worked with Howard and Brenda for many years. He was an exceptional artist and interesting character. He entertained with handstands and bagpipe music while his artwork nurtured the reputation of our entire team. He also gave joy to hundreds of retirees with his exit caricatures and promoted many charitable actives. In one notable year, his art work was part of the promotion of our food drive, collecting 955,000 cans for the community.
Patricia (Tricia) Martin”
Above at/from:
www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/howard-hicks-obituary?i...
Credit: “Legacy” website
Finally, at the same site, from an April 16, 2022 post, possibly by another Vought artist:
“Brenda, I´m sorry for your loss. Howard was a good mentor to me early in my career at Vought. What an illustrator he was! I will miss him.
Regrettably, I will be on company travel on Monday, so I will not be in attendance.
-take care,
Paul
Paul Nagata”
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 1678
Bus Manufacturer: Santarosa Motor Works Inc. (Philippines)
Bus Model: SR Modulo 310
Chassis: MAN 18.310 HOCL
Engine: MAN D2866LOH27
Suspension: Air Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 49
Shot Location: Balintawak
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 8209
Body: Xiamen King Long United Automotive Industry Co. Ltd.
Model: King Long XMQ6117Y3
Engine: Yuchai YC6G270-30
Chassis: King Long XMQ6117Y3
Suspension: Air Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 45
Shot Location: Victory Liner Cubao Terminal
Pangasinan FiveStar Bus Company
Bus Number: 992
Fare Class: Airconditioned
Engine: MAN D0836LUH02
Chassis: MAN 14.280
Body: Santarosa Philippines
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 45
Shot Location: Cubao
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 8101
Bus Manufacturer: Suzhou King Long United Automotive Industry Company, Ltd. (Higer Bus)
Model: Higer KLQ6119QE3
Chassis: Higer KLQ6110QE3
Engine: Yuchai YC6G270-30
Suspension: Air Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 42
Shot Location: Marcos Highway
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus number: 7012
Area of Operation: Provincial Operation
Bus Manufacturer: Almazora Motor Corporation
Model: AMC Travel Star
Chassis: MAN 18.280 HOCL-CKD
Engine: MAN D0836LOH
Suspension: Air Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 49
Shot Location: Victory Liner Kamias Terminal
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 8014
Model : Kinglong Xmq 6126Y
Chassis: King Long KLQ6121RJQ
Engine: Nissan Diesel PF6TA-12
Manufacturer : Xiamen King Long United
Suspension: Air-Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x1
Seating Capacity: 29 Passengers
Shot Location: Victory Liner Kamias Terminal
Partas Trans
Bus Number: 81458
Model: Almazora AM
Chassis: Hino RM2P
Engine: Hino P11C-TH
Suspension: Airsuspension
Seating Configuration: 1x2
Capacity: 29
Shot Location : Partas Cubao Terminal
Phoenix Livery Modulo DeLuxe
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 7003
Bus Body Model: SR Modulo "Hernandez Edition"
Bus Body Manufacturer: Santarosa Philippines Motor Works Inc.
Chassis: MAN 18.280 HOCL
Engine: MAN D0836LOH02
Suspension: Air-Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x1
Seating Capacity: 30 Passengers
Shot Location:
Company/Owner: Luzon Cisco Transport, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 109
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines Grand-Echo II RM
Engine Model: Hino P11C-TH
Chassis Model: Hino RM2PSS 1630
Transmission: Manual (6-speed forward, 1-speed reverse)
Suspension: Wide Air Suspension (WideSus)
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Route: Cubao, Quezon City–Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija via N1 (Maharlika Highway)
Municipalities/cities passing: Santa Rita (Guiguinto)/Plaridel/Pulilan/Baliuag/San Rafael/San Ildefonso/San Miguel/Gapan City/San Leonardo/Santa Rosa
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: Pulilan–Plaridel Regional Road/Bypass Road, Cut-cot, Pulilan, Bulacan
Date Taken: January 26, 2016
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Date Taken: March 6, 2015
Basic Details:
Operator: Raymond Transportation
Fleet Number: 2098
Classification: Air-Conditioned Provincial Operation Bus
Seating Configuration: 2x2 Seats
Seating Capacity: 49 Passengers
Body:
Coachbuilder: Pilipinas Hino Auto Body, Inc.
Body Model: Pilipinas Hino SBC-08
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JST 1425
Layout: Rear-Longitudinally-Mounted Engine Rear-Wheel Drive
Suspension: Leaf Springs Suspension
Engine:
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Cylinder Displacement: 8.0 Liters
Cylinder Configuration: Straight-6
Engine Aspiration: Turbocharged & Intercooled
Max. Power Output: 250 hp @ 2,700 rpm
Peak Torque Output: 745 N.m @ 1,500 rpm
Transmission:
Type: Manual Transmission
Gears: 6-Speed Forward, 1-Speed Reverse
* Some parts of the specifications may be subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice...
Our Official Facebook Fan Page: Philippine Bus Enthusiasts Society (PhilBES)
Heto na pala ang nabili ng mag-asawang Manuel Joaquin at Grace Joaquin na Mannrose. Kaya pala iba ang livery sa mga normal Mannrose na ube-colored livery dahil magkaiba ang may-ari.
Company/Owner: Mannrose Liner, Inc/MSJ Tours
Fleet/Bus Number: 3300401
Classification: Air-conditioned City Bus
Coachbuilder: Santarosa Motor Works, Inc./Columbian Motors Corporation
Body Model: UD Trucks/Santarosa EXFOH PKB212
Engine Model: UD FE6-TA (FE6-D)
Chassis Model: UD PKB212N
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 3×2
Seating Capacity: 58
Franchise route: Baclaran–SM Fairview via Lagro, Ayala
Route: Baclaran, Parañaque City [BCL, PQ]–Palmera, San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan via N61 (Roxas Boulevard: from NAIA Road to EDSA) / N120 (Roxas Boulevard: from EDSA to Buendia Avenue) / N190 (Buendia Avenue/Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue) / Ayala Avenue (Makati City) / N1 (EDSA) / N174 (East Avenue) / N170 [Commonwealth Avenue (Quezon City)] / N127 (Quirino Highway)
Areas passing (underlines are designated stops for this bus scheme - EDSA area only: Buendia–Kamuning): Bayview International Towers\City of Dreams\Airport Road\Baclaran Market/Baclaran Church\Japanese Embassy\Cuneta Astrodome/HK Sun Plaza/Department of Foreign Affairs\World Trade Center\F.B. Harrison Street\BIR Pasay City\LRT Gil Puyat Station/Taft Avenue\Osmeña Highway/PNR Buendia Station\Chino Roces Avenue (Pasong Tamo)\Makati Central Post Office\RCBC Plaza Yuchengco Tower\RCBC Plaza\V.A. Rufino\PBCOM Tower\Ayala Triangle\Makati Ave./The Peninsula Manila Hotel\Glorietta\Buendia Avenue\Estrella\Guadalupe\Boni/Pioneer\Reliance\Shaw Boulevard\SM Megamall\Ortigas Avenue\Robinsons Galleria\Boni Serrano\Main Avenue\Araneta Center Cubao\Baliwag Transit/Five Star\Ermin Garcia Avenue\LTFRB Central Office/LTO Central Office\NIA Road\V. Luna Avenue/Land Registration Authority East Ave\Philippine Statistics Authority\SSS East Ave/BSP East Ave\BIR Road\East Avenue Medical Center\Philippine Heart Center\Matalino Street/Nat'l Kidney Transplant Institute\Quezon Memorial Circle/Quezon City Hall Gate 10\Nat'l Housing Authority Main Office/Maharlika Street\Philcoa\UP Ayala TechnoHub\Central Avenue\INC Templo Central\Tandang Sora Avenue\Luzon Avenue\Diliman Doctors Hospital\Don Antonio\Ever Gotesco\Saint Peter Parish\Sandiganbayan\Commission on Audit\Commonwealth Market\Manggahan\INC Capitol\Litex\Don Fabian\Doña Carmen Avenue\Winston Street\Pearl Drive\Fairview Center Mall/NCBA Fairview\Our Lady of Fatima Regalado\AMA Fairview/Bristol Street\Mindanao-Jollibee\Brittany Square/Belfast\Commonwealth Hospital and Medical Center\SM City Fairview\Trees Residences\Hilltop Mansion Subdivision/Our Lady of Fatima Hilltop\Mater Carmeli School\Sacred Heart Novitiate\Quezon City–Caloocan Boundary\Sacred Heart Village/Dela Costa Homes 2\Midway Park Subdivision\Amparo Subdivision Gate 2\Guadanoville Subdivision\Mountain Heights Subdivision\Pangarap Village\Bankers Village 2/North Caloocan Doctors Hospital\Cefels Park 3 Subdivision\Malaria Road\Funnside Ningnangan Caloocan\Ascoville Road\Sampaguita Street\Altaraza Town Center/Pleasant Hills Subdivision\Diamond Crest Village\Savano Park\Pecsonville Subdivision/SM Tungko (SM San Jose del Monte)\Skyline Hospital\Gumaok East\Francisco Homes Subdivision\Starmall San Jose del Monte
Type of Operation: City Operation Public Utility Bus (Bus B Segregation | Regular Class)
Area of Operations: National Capital Region (NCR)/Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: N190 (Gil Puyat Avenue), Buendia, Makati City
Date Taken: May 13, 2018 (14:46H)
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Bus number: A-26
Classification: Airconditioned Provincial Operation Bus
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Model: JAC Coach HK6124AM1
Manufacturer: Anhui JAC Coaches Co. Ltd.
Chassis: HFC6124KAYD3
Engine: YuChai YC6L310-30
Suspension: Air Suspension
Shot Location : Hotel Sogo Caloocan City
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 8006
Model: Kinglong XMQ6118
Manufacturer: Xiamen Kinglong United (Kinglong Bus)
Chassis: LKLR1HSH86B6
Engine: Nissan Diesel PE6-T
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 49 Passengers
Shot Location: Balintawak , Cloverleaf
Victory Liner Inc.
Body Number: 2117
Body: Santarosa Philippines "Exfoh"
Chassis: MAN 18.310
Engine: MAN D2866LOH27
Seating Configuration : 2x2
Capacity: 45
Shot Location : NLEX
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 8104
Bus Manufacturer: Suzhou King Long United Automotive Industry Company, Ltd. (Higer Bus)
Model: Higer KLQ6119QE3
Chassis: Higer KLQ6110QE3
Engine: Yuchai YC6G270-30
Suspension: Air Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 42
Shot Location: Victory Liner Kamias Terminal
Most of the rocks in northwest Queensland formed so long ago in the Precambrian era (specifically in the Proterozoic) that most of the Australian continent did not then exist, and the global configuration of continents and oceans was completely different. One view is that the Pacific Ocean had not yet opened, and Australia was situated adjacent to rocks of similar age in Canada. Nevertheless, because of their economic interest, the old rocks in the northwest have been closely studied, and an internal timetable of events sorted out. The old rocks are called the Mount Isa Inlier, and the inlier simply being a patch of old rocks surrounded by younger rocks.
The oldest rocks of the Mount Isa Inlier stem from about 1870 to 1840 million years ago, although they must have been deposited on or intruded into even older rocks that are not exposed. They make up the 'basement' to all of the subsequent sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Inlier. Seismic (geophysical) profiles of the deeper crust confirm that they are underneath all the younger rocks.
Between about 1790 and 1590 million years ago the crust in the Mount Isa Inlier periodically stretched (or 'extended') and the resulting tension allowed 'rift' valleys or basins bounded by curved faults to subside. Thick piles of sedimentary and volcanic rocks accumulated in these. In some cases, the subsidence was rapid in relatively narrow, clearly defined rifts or deep troughs, whilst at other times subsidence was slow when the crust simply sagged over a broad area. Three major periods are recognised in the time interval, and the separate basins and rifts are grouped as the Leichhardt Superbasin, the Calvert Superbasin, and the Isa Superbasin.
These basin subsidence episodes were separated by periods when no sediments were deposited, or by periods of compression. However, to the east, a deep marine basin offshore probably received sediment continuously through the Calvert and Isa Superbasin times. This is the Soldiers Cap Basin.
Finally, after a major period of deformation (the Isa Orogeny) that affected all three superbasins, sediments were deposited in a large basin to the northwest, the South Nicholson Basin..
Source: Rocks and Landscapes of Northwest Queensland by Laurie Hutton & Ian Withnall.
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 2104
Chassis: MAN 18.310 HOCL
Model: SR Exfoh Hi-Deck
Engine: MAN D2866LOH27
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 45
Shot Location: Victory Liner Cubao Terminal
Configuration : V8
Displacement : 4,800 cc (4,8 L)
Power : 690 PS
Torque : 800 Nm
0 to 100 km/h : 4,4
Made with my AF-S Nikkor 70-300mm 1:4.5-5.6
"Like my new Facebook page Bjorn van Es Photograpy"
GranTurismo Events Nurburgring 2012
JAM Liner
Bus Number: 1303
Engine: Nissan Diesel FE6D
Model Santarosa Philippines "PKB"
Chassis Nissan Diesel PKB212N
Seating configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 53
Shot Location: Kamias
Executive Coach of Genesis
Bus Number: 818425
Bus Body: Santarosa Motor Works Inc.
Bus Model: SR Cityliner BV115
Engine: Doosan Diesel DE12TiS
Chassis: Daewoo Bus PL5UN58
Suspension: Stabilized Leaf Spring
Seating Configuration: 2x1
Capacity: 27
Shot Location: Balintawak
Commuters Bus Corporation
Bus Number: 06521
Classification: Non Airconditioned - City Operation Bus
Coachbuilder: Almazora Motors Corp.
Model: AMC City Star FV
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Chassis: Isuzu PABFVR34SLQ
Engine: Isuzu 6HK1-TCN
Seating Configuration : 2x3
Capacity:
Shot Location: Valenzuela City
Odd seating configuration.
Raymond Transportation 7158
Company/Owner: Raymond Transportation, Inc.
Route: Naga-Cubao/PITX
Area of Service: Camarines Sur, Bicol Region (R5)
Type of Service: PUB Provincial Operation Bus
Classification: Deluxe Economy Airconditioned Bus
Coachbuilder: Zhongtong Bus Holdings, Ltd.
Model: LCK6118 "Elegance"
Chassis: LDYGCS
Engine: WP7.300E50
Transmission: M/T
Speed: 6 Forward, 1 Reverse
Suspension Type: Airsuspension
Seat Configuration: 2x3 with CR
Maximum Capacity: 56+2
Shot Location: Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, Parañaque City
Date Taken: December 30, 2022
Philtranco
Bus number: 1831
Classification: Airconditioned Provincial Operation Bus
Coachbuilder: Santarosa Philippines Motor Works, Incorporated
Chassis: Daewoo BV115
Model: BV115 SR Cityliner
Engine: Doosan DE12TIS
Airconditioning Unit: Overhead Unit
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 49 Passengers
Shot Location: Balintawak
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 7059
Bus Manufacturer: Almazora Motors Corporation
Model: AMC Tourist Star RE Deluxe
Chassis: MAN R39 18.350 HOCL
Engine: MAN D2066LOH
Suspension: Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS)
Area of Operation: Provincial Operation
Seating Configuration: 2x1
Capacity: 29
Shot Location: NLEX
This configuration is alternately considered the safest (for having a shield to help protect it) and the most foolhardy (for charging into melee combat) of the AG-06 configurations seen so far.
(I think this is the only AG-06/AG-06c setup so far that can justify having a blue system.)
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 1244
Coachbuilder: Hyundai Motor Company
Chassis: KMJKJ18BPSC
Model: Hyundai Universe Space Luxury
Engine: Hyundai D6AB
Airconditioning Unit: Overhead Unit
Suspension: Air-Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Seating Capacity: 45 Passengers
Shot Location : Victory Liner Pasay Terminal
Company/Owner: Victory Liner, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 7137
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Almazora Motors Corporation
Body Model: MAN/Almazora Tourist Star Lion's Regio R39
Engine Model: MAN D2066LOH12
Chassis Model: MAN 18.350 HOCL (PBMR39ZZ1FM)
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Electronically-Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS)
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Franchise route: Tuguegarao City (Cagayan)–Caloocan City
Route: Monumento, Caloocan City [CAL]–Tugueagarao City, Cagayan [TUG, CV] via E1 (NLEX-Balintawak–NLEX-Dau; NLEX-SCTEX Connector–SCTEX-Amucao–TPLEX-Pura); N215 (Dau Access Road); Pura–Guimba Road / N114 (Pangasinan–Nueva Ecija Road) / N1 (Maharlika Highway)
Municipalities/cities passing: Dau (Mabalacat City)–Pura/Guimba [GUI]/Santo Domingo/Talavera/Science City of Muñoz/San Jose City [SJC]/Carranglan/Santa Fe/Aritao [ART]/Gabut (Dupax Del Sur)/Ineangan (Dupax Del Norte)/Bambang [BBM]/Bayombong/Solano [SOL]/Bagabag/Diadi/Cordon/Santiago City [STO]/San Isidro/Echague/Alicia/Cauayan City [CYZ]/Reina Mercedes/Naguilian/Gamu/Ilagan City [ILA]/Tumauini/Cabagan/San Pablo/Peñablanca
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Cagayan Valley (Region II)
Shot location: NLEX-Ligas Footbridge, Guiguinto Bulacan
Date and time taken: May 26, 2018 (15:59H)
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
A.Arandia Line
Bus Number: 306
Chassis: Higer KLQ6112 (LKLR1HS)
Coachbuilder: Suzhou King Long United Automotive Industry Company, Ltd. (Higer Bus)
Make and Model: Higer V91 - KLQ6119
Engine: YuChai YC6G300-20
Seating Configuration : 2x2
Capacity: 45
Shot Location: Marcos Highway
Victory Liner Inc.
Bus Number: 1881
Coachbuilder: Del Monte Motor Works, Inc.
Body Model: Del Monte DM12 Series 1
Chassis: JA450SSN
Engine : Nissan Diesel PF6TA
Suspension: Leaf Springs Suspension
Classification: Air-Conditioned Provincial Operation Bus
Seating Configuration: 2x2
Capacity: 49
Shot Location: Balintawak
The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (UK: /ˌɑːrk də ˈtriːɒmf, - ˈtriːoʊmf/, US: /- triːˈoʊmf/, French: [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f də letwal]; "Triumphal Arch of the Star"), often simply called the Arc de Triomphe, is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France. It is located at the western end of the Champs-Élysées, at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle—formerly known as the Place de l'Étoile—named for the star-shaped configuration formed by the convergence of twelve radiating avenues. The monument is situated at the intersection of three arrondissements: the 16th (to the south and west), the 17th (to the north), and the 8th (to the east). Commissioned to honor those who fought and died for France during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Arc bears the names of French victories and generals engraved on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I, marked by an eternal flame commemorating unidentified fallen soldiers.
The central cohesive element of the Axe historique ("historical axis", a sequence of monuments and grand thoroughfares on a route running from the courtyard of the Louvre to the Grande Arche de la Défense), the Arc de Triomphe was designed by Jean-François Chalgrin in 1806; its iconographic programme depicts heroically nude warriors and set the tone for public monuments with triumphant patriotic messages. Inspired by the Arch of Titus in Rome, the Arc de Triomphe has an overall height of 49.54 m (162.5 ft), width of 44.82 m (147.0 ft) and depth of 22.21 m (72.9 ft), while its large vault is 29.19 m (95.8 ft) high and 14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide. The smaller transverse vaults are 18.68 m (61.3 ft) high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide.
Paris's Arc de Triomphe was the tallest triumphal arch until the completion of the Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City in 1938, which is 67 m (220 ft) high. The Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, completed in 1982, is modeled on the Arc de Triomphe and is slightly taller at 60 m (197 ft). The Grande Arche in La Défense near Paris is 110 m (361 ft) high, and, if considered to be a triumphal arch, is the world's tallest.
History
Construction and late 19th century
The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues.
It was commissioned in 1806, after the victory at Austerlitz by Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes. Laying the foundations alone took two years and, in 1810, when Napoleon entered Paris from the west with his new bride, Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria, he had a wooden mock-up of the completed arch constructed. The architect, Jean-François Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Louis-Robert Goust.
During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted until 1823, and it would not be completed until the reign of Louis Philippe I in 1836, by architects Louis-Robert Goust and Jean-Nicolas Huyot, under the direction of Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury, then by Guillaume-Abel Blouet. The final cost was reported at about 10 million francs (equivalent to an estimated €65 million or $75 million in 2020).
Various designs were proposed to crown the monument with a monumental sculptural group, yet none was permanently realized. In 1838, Bernard Seurre submitted La France victorieuse ("Victorious France"), depicting a chariot drawn by six horses. In 1840, this proposal gave way to a temporary sculptural group representing Napoleon I, installed above the arch by the architect Guillaume-Abel Blouet for the return of the Emperor's remains. In preparing this installation, Blouet returned to a scheme he had drafted in 1834, modifying it by substituting the originally intended allegorical figure of France with that of the Emperor.
From 1882 to 1886, a quadriga by Alexandre Falguière was erected above the arch. The work, entitled Triomphe de la Révolution ("The Triumph of the Revolution"), depicted a chariot drawn by horses advancing "to crush Anarchy and Despotism". Executed in plaster, the group was hoisted to the summit of the monument in order to assess its visual effect. The result was judged unconvincing; although the sculpture remained in place for four years, its material deteriorated under exposure to the elements and it was ultimately removed. Following this episode, the proposal to crown the monument was ultimately abandoned.
20th century
It is said that on the day the Battle of Verdun began in 1916, the sword carried by the figure of the Republic in La Marseillaise sculptural group broke off. The relief was immediately hidden by tarpaulins to conceal the accident and avoid any undesired ominous interpretations. On 7 August 1919, three weeks after the Paris victory parade marking the end of hostilities in World War I, Charles Godefroy flew his Nieuport biplane under the arch's primary vault, with the event captured on newsreel. Jean Navarre was the pilot who was tasked to make the flight, but he died on 10 July 1919 when he crashed near Villacoublay while training for the flight.
Following its construction, the Arc de Triomphe became the rallying point of French troops parading after successful military campaigns and for the annual Bastille Day military parade. Famous victory marches around or under the Arc have included the Germans in 1871, the French and Allies in 1919, the Germans in 1940, and the French and Allies in 1944[16] and 1945. After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch. The route taken is up to the arch and then around its side, out of respect for the tomb and its symbolism. Both Adolf Hitler in 1940 and Charles de Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom.
By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965–1966 it was cleaned through bleaching. In the prolongation of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, a new arch, the Grande Arche de la Défense, was built in 1982, completing the line of monuments that forms Paris's Axe historique. After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective.
In 1995, the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria placed a bomb near the Arc de Triomphe which wounded 17 people as part of a campaign of bombings.
On 12 July 1998, when France won the FIFA World Cup for the first time after defeating Brazil 3–0 at the Stade de France, images of the players including double goal scorer Zinedine Zidane and their names along with celebratory messages were projected onto the arch.
21st century
In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism during the yellow vests protests. A crowd of demonstrators sprayed the monument with graffiti and ransacked its museum. In September 2021, the Arc was wrapped in a silvery blue fabric and red rope, as part of L'Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped, a posthumous project planned by artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude since the early 1960s.
Design
Monument
The astylar design is by Jean-François Chalgrin (1739–1811), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture. Among the major French academic sculptors represented on the Arc de Triomphe are Jean-Pierre Cortot, François Rude, Antoine Étex, James Pradier, and Henri Lemaire.
The main sculptures are not integral friezes but are treated as independent trophies applied to the vast ashlar masonry masses, not unlike the gilt-bronze appliqués on Empire furniture. The four sculptural groups at the base of the Arc are The Triumph of 1810 (by Jean-Pierre Cortot), The Resistance of 1814 and The Peace of 1815 (both by Antoine Étex), and the most renowned of them all, The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792, commonly called La Marseillaise (by François Rude). The face of the allegorical representation of France calling forth her people on this last was used as the belt buckle for the honorary rank of Marshal of France. The sculptures representing Triumph, Resistance and Peace commemorate Napoleon's victories, the invasion of France in 1814, and the end of hostilities in 1815.
On the attic above the richly sculptured frieze of soldiers are 30 shields engraved with the names of major French victories in the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. The inside walls of the monument list the names of 660 officers, among which are 558 French generals of the First French Empire; the names of those killed in battle are underlined. Also inscribed, on the shorter sides of the four supporting columns, are the names of the major French victories in the Napoleonic Wars. Battles that took place during the Hundred Days are not included.
Inside the monument, a permanent exhibition, conceived by artist Maurice Benayoun and architect Christophe Girault, opened in February 2007.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred on Armistice Day 1920, an eternal flame burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars).
A ceremony is held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every 11 November on the anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 signed by the Entente Powers and Germany in 1918. It was originally decided on 12 November 1919 to bury the unknown soldier's remains in the Panthéon, but a public letter-writing campaign led to the decision to bury him beneath the Arc de Triomphe. The coffin was put in the chapel on the first floor of the Arc on 10 November 1920, and put in its final resting place on 28 January 1921. The slab on top bears the inscription: Ici repose un soldat français mort pour la Patrie, 1914–1918 ("Here rests a French soldier who died for the Fatherland, 1914–1918").
In 1961, U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy paid their respects at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, accompanied by President Charles de Gaulle. After the 1963 assassination of President Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy remembered the eternal flame at the Arc de Triomphe and requested that an eternal flame be placed next to her husband's grave at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
Details
The four main sculptural groups on each of the Arc's pillars are:
The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792, also called La Marseillaise, by François Rude (southern façade, right). This sculptural group celebrates the cause of the French First Republic during the Battle of Valmy. Above the volunteers is the winged personification of Liberty. The group served as a recruitment tool in the early months of World War I and encouraged the French to invest in war loans in 1915–1916.
The Triumph of 1810, by Jean-Pierre Cortot (southern façade, left). This group celebrates the Treaty of Schönbrunn and features Napoleon, crowned by the goddess of Victory.
The Resistance of 1814, by Antoine Étex (northern façade, right). This group commemorates the French Resistance to the Allied Armies during the War of the Sixth Coalition.
The Peace of 1815, by Antoine Étex (northern façade, left). This group commemorates the Treaty of Paris, concluded in that year.
Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include:
The Battle of Aboukir, 25 July 1799, by Bernard Seurre (southern façade, left).
The Funeral of General Marceau, 21 September 1796, by Henri Lemaire (southern façade, right).
The Battle of Jemappes, 6 November 1792, by Carlo Marochetti (eastern façade).
The Capture of Alexandria, 3 July 1798, by John-Étienne Chaponnière (northern façade, left).
The Crossing of the Arcole Bridge, 15 November 1796, by Jean-Jacques Feuchère (northern façade, right).
The Battle of Austerlitz, 2 December 1805, by Théodore Gechter (western façade).
The names of 158 battles fought by the French First Republic and the First French Empire are engraved on the monument. Among them, 30 battles are engraved on the attic.
96 battles are engraved on the inner façades, under the great arches.
The names of 660 military leaders who served during the French First Republic and the First French Empire are engraved on the inner façades of the small arches. Underlined names signify those who died on the battlefield.
The spandrels of the great arches are decorated with allegorical figures representing characters in Roman mythology (by James Pradier).
Access
The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with the closest stop being the Charles de Gaulle–Étoile station. Due to heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, pedestrians use two underpasses accessible from the Champs-Élysées and the Grande Armée avenues. A spiral stairway with 240 steps leads visitors to the museum level in the attic of the monument, where large models of the Arc and interactive exhibits on its history, construction, and cultural significance are displayed. Another 40 steps lead to the rooftop terrace, offering a panoramic view of Paris. Elevators providing access to the museum and rooftop terrace are available.
The location of the Arc, as well as the Place de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements: the 16th (to the south and west), the 17th (to the north), and the 8th (to the east).
Replicas
While many structures around the world resemble the Arc de Triomphe, some were actually inspired by it. Replicas that used its design as a model include the Rosedale World War I Memorial Arch in Kansas City, United States (1924); the Arcul de Triumf in Bucharest, Romania (1936); the Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, North Korea (1982); a miniature version at the Paris Casino in Las Vegas, United States (1999); and the Simpang Lima Gumul Monument in Kediri, Indonesia (2008).
(Wikipedia)
Der Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile (dt. Triumphbogen an der Place de l’Étoile) oder kurz Arc de Triomphe ist ein von 1806 bis 1836 errichtetes Denkmal im Zentrum der Place Charles de Gaulle in Paris.
Das Bauwerk gehört zu den Wahrzeichen der Metropole und wird vom Centre des monuments nationaux (dt. Zentrum für nationale Monumente) verwaltet, das dem Ministerium für Kultur untersteht.
Unter dem Triumphbogen liegt das Grabmal des unbekannten Soldaten aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg mit der täglich gewarteten Ewigen Flamme, im Französischen Flamme du Souvenir (dt. Flamme der Erinnerung) genannt, im Gedenken an die Toten, die nie identifiziert wurden. Das ganze Jahr hindurch finden Kranzniederlegungen und Ehrungen statt, die ihren Höhepunkt in der Parade am 11. November finden, dem Jahrestag des Waffenstillstands von Compiègne im Jahr 1918.
Für Fußgänger ist der Arc de Triomphe nur durch eine Unterführung erreichbar; der Triumphbogen verfügt über eine Aussichtsplattform.
Der Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem weniger bekannten und kleineren Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, der sich zwischen dem Palais du Louvre und dem Jardin des Tuileries befindet.
Geschichte
Der Triumphbogen diente dem Ruhm der kaiserlichen Armeen und wird von manchen pathetisch als „Altar des Vaterlandes“ bezeichnet, denn an diesem Ort finden die feierlichsten staatlichen Zeremonien Frankreichs statt; häufig führen Festumzüge von hier aus die Avenue des Champs Élysées hinunter oder enden mit dem Arc de Triomphe als Ziel.
Er steht im Zentrum der Place Charles de Gaulle (bis 1970 Place de l’Étoile), am westlichen Ausläufer der Avenue des Champs Élysées. Er ist Teil der „historischen Achse“, einer Reihe von Monumenten und großen Straßen, die aus Paris herausführen. Zwölf Avenuen gehen sternförmig von diesem Triumphbogen ab. Die heutige Form des Platzes entstand 1854, war in Grundzügen aber bereits seit dem späten 18. Jahrhundert so ähnlich angelegt worden, wenn auch nur mit vier Straßen.
Der Triumphbogen selbst wurde von Kaiser Napoleon I. nach der Schlacht bei Austerlitz zur Verherrlichung seiner Siege 1806 in Auftrag gegeben. Am 15. August 1806 wurde der Grundstein zum Bau gelegt. Zwei Jahre dauerte der Bau der Fundamente. 1810 erhoben sich die vier Pylonen des Triumphbogens aber erst bis zu einer Höhe von 1 m. Napoleon heiratete am 1. April 1810 die habsburgische Prinzessin Marie-Louise; er ließ dazu ein provisorisches Modell des Triumphbogens aus Holz und Stuck in originaler Größe errichten. Ähnlich dem Elefanten der Bastille stand diese Ehrenpforte längere Zeit. Der Triumphbogen wurde (anders als der Elefant) letztlich fertiggestellt.
Als der zuständige Architekt Jean-François Chalgrin im Januar 1811 gestorben war und Napoleon am 6. April 1814 abdankte, wurden die Bauarbeiten gestoppt. Louis XVIII. ließ sie 1824 unter der Leitung von Héricart de Thury fortsetzen. 1830 entschied sich König Louis-Philippe I. (oft Bürgerkönig genannt), zur napoleonischen Konzeption zurückzukehren. Er und Adolphe Thiers entschieden über den figurativen Schmuck und seine Ausführenden. Der Bogen wurde 1836 von Huyot und Blouet fertiggestellt. Am 25. Juni 1836 schoss ein 26-jähriger Anarchist namens Louis Alibaud auf die Kutsche des Königs und verfehlte ihn nur knapp. Der König beschloss daraufhin, nicht an der geplanten großen Militärparade teilzunehmen, die am 29. Juli zur Erinnerung an den sechsten Jahrestag der Julirevolution von 1830 und zur Einweihung des Bogens stattfinden sollte.
Jean Navarre, ein Fliegerass im Ersten Weltkrieg, hatte den Plan, am 14. Juli 1919 bei einer Siegesparade durch den Triumphbogen zu fliegen. Navarre stürzte aber am 10. Juli 1919 beim Üben für diesen Flug ab und starb. Am 7. August 1919 durchflog Charles Godefroy mit einer Nieuport 11 „Bébé“ den Triumphbogen. Im Oktober 1981 flog Alain Marchand durch den Triumphbogen.
Der Rundkurs der letzten Kilometer der Schlussetappe der Tour de France, die seit 1975 auf der Avenue des Champs Élysées endet, umrundet den Arc de Triomphe. Bis 2013 führte der Rundkurs direkt vor dem Arc de Triomphe eine Wende aus (und umkreiste ihn somit nicht).
Am Abend des 9. Januar 2015 wurden die Worte „Paris est Charlie“ auf den Triumphbogen projiziert. Die Parole, eine Abwandlung von „Je suis Charlie“, war ein Bekenntnis zu den demokratischen Werten der Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit und eine Solidaritätsbekundung mit den Mitarbeitern des Satiremagazins Charlie Hebdo, die von islamistischen Attentätern erschossen worden waren.
Am 1. Dezember 2018 wurde die Figur der Marianne am Triumphbogen schwer beschädigt, als es im Zuge der Protestaktionen der Gelbwestenbewegung zu schweren Ausschreitungen kam.
Beschreibung
Der Triumphbogen ist 49,54 m hoch, 44,82 m breit und 22,21 m tief. Der große Gewölbebogen misst 29,19 m in der Höhe und 14,62 m in der Breite, der kleine Bogen 18,68 m in der Höhe und 8,44 m in der Breite. Der Entwurf ist im Stil der antiken römischen Architektur gehalten. Die vier Figurengruppen an der Basis des Bogens zeigen Der Auszug der Freiwilligen von 1792, allgemein bekannt als Die Marseillaise (von François Rude), Der Triumph von 1810 (Jean-Pierre Cortot), Der Widerstand von 1814 und Der Frieden von 1815 (Antoine Étex). Oben sind auf den Flächen rund um den Bogen Flachreliefs mit Nachbildungen von wichtigen revolutionären und napoleonischen Siegen eingelassen. Die Innenwände des Triumphbogens beherbergen ein kleines Museum.
Inschriften
Die Innenwände des Triumphbogens führen die Namen von:
660 Militärs – Die meisten davon waren Generäle der Ersten Französischen Republik (1792–1804) und des Ersten Kaiserreichs (1804–1815). Unterstrichene Namen kennzeichnen Personen, die im Kampf gefallen sind.
158 Schlachten – Die 30 bedeutendsten Schlachten Napoleons beginnend mit Valmy sind zuoberst auf dem Fries in fast 50 Metern Höhe zu sehen, während 128 weitere Kriegsereignisse auf den Pfeilern zu finden sind. Verzeichnet sind nur siegreiche Schlachten.
Reliefs
Berühmt ist der Triumphbogen auch wegen der bedeutenden Reliefs, die er trägt. Sie wurden 1833 bei den Bildhauern Antoine Étex, Jean-Pierre Cortot und vor allem François Rude in Auftrag gegeben.
Die Ostfassade zeigt das berühmteste Relief, die Marseillaise (dt. Auszug der Freiwilligen von 1792) von Rude, die auch Le chant du départ, also das Abschiedslied, genannt wird. Es stellt eine Gruppe ausziehender Krieger dar, die in offensichtlich revolutionärer oder erhoben nationaler Gesinnung – zumindest kann man das in dieser Szene vermuten – das neue Revolutionslied der Marseillaise auf den Lippen haben, das erst am 25. April 1792 komponiert worden war.
François Rude übertrifft mit dem heroischen Schwung seiner Darstellung die seiner Konkurrenten auf diesem Triumphbogen bei weitem. Er begann als akademischer Klassizist, aber mit diesem seinem bekanntesten Werk vollzog Rude als einer der ersten die Abkehr vom Klassizismus und die Hinwendung zur Romantik, zu einer neuen heroischen Leidenschaftlichkeit in der Bildhauerei, ähnlich wie Eugène Delacroix in der Malerei.
Interessant ist ein Vergleich der beiden Reliefs dieser Seite. Es handelt sich auf der anderen Seite um den „Triumph Napoleons nach dem Frieden von 1810“ (der „Triumph“ verherrlicht den Frieden von Wien) von Jean-Pierre Cortot. Das Relief von Cortot steht noch ganz in der Tradition der klassizistischen Statik, der gemessenen Heldenverehrung, des symmetrischen, wohlproportionierten Bildaufbaus – mit anderen Worten der „erhabenen Langeweile“.
Auch bei den Reliefs von Antoine Etex auf der Westseite ist diese Atmosphäre deutlich zu spüren, beispielsweise beim „Frieden“. Hier hat man noch den Eindruck, dass die Themen von einer Schauspielertruppe auf einer Theaterbühne dargestellt werden, dass hier Motive aus dem Arsenal zusammengestellt worden sind.
Auf den vier Außenseiten des Bogens befinden sich sechs Flachreliefs, die jeweils berühmte Schlachten zeigen. Unter den sechs Bildhauern ist auch Jean-Jacques Feuchère mit einer Darstellung des Übergangs über die Brücke von Arcole zu sehen.
Kunst
Das Künstlerpaar Christo und Jeanne-Claude beabsichtigte, das Bauwerk im Zeitraum vom 19. September 2020 für 16 Tage bis zum 4. Oktober 2020 für seine Kunstaktion L’Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped (Project for Paris, Place de l’Étoile – Charles de Gaulle) zu verhüllen. Christo verstarb jedoch am 31. Mai 2020. Seinem Wunsch gemäß wurde das Projekt, dessen erste Pläne aus den 1960er Jahren stammten, von seinem Neffen postum umgesetzt. Die Verhüllung war nach zweimonatiger Vorbereitungsarbeit am 18. September fertiggestellt und dauerte bis zum 3. Oktober 2021. Eingesetzt wurden 25.000 Quadratmeter Stoff und 3.000 Meter rote Seile, die jeweils weiterverwendet werden.
Rezeption
Während viele Bauwerke auf der ganzen Welt dem Arc de Triomphe ähneln, wurden einige tatsächlich von ihm inspiriert. Bekannte Beispiele sind der Triumphbogen in Bukarest und der Triumphbogen in Pjöngjang. Zusätzlich zu diesen Nachahmungen gibt es noch weitere Bögen und Denkmäler weltweit, die vom Arc de Triomphe beeinflusst wurden, sei es in Bezug auf das Design, die Größe oder die verwendete Architektur.
(Wikipedia)
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