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Conduit par Jean-Louis Eschenlauer, le président de l'association de l'association ECM et anciennement celui des Autocars Anciens de France de Wissembourg !
Ancienne immatriculation : [inconnue]
Fiche technique du véhicule : [inconnue]
[Photo un peu améliorée par Affinity Photo 2]
"And now, as in the haze of morning,
Mars, low on the western stretch of ocean,
sheds reddish light through those thick vapors,
there appeared to me--may I see it again!--
a light advancing swiftly on the sea:
no flight can match its rapid motion.
And in the moment I had turned away
to ask a question of my leader,
I saw it now enlarged and brighter.
Then on either side of it appeared
a whiteness--I knew not what--and just below,
little by little, another showed there too.
Still my master did not say a word
while the first whiteness took the shape of wings.
Then, once he saw the nature of the steersman,
he cried: 'Bend, bend your knees! Behold
the angel of the Lord and fold your hands in prayer.
From now on you shall see such ministers.
'Look how he scorns all human instruments
and wants no oar, nor other sail
beside his wings, between such distant shores.
'Look how those wings are raised into the sky,
fanning the air with his eternal pinions
which do not change like mortal plumage.'
Then, as the heavenly bird approached,
closer and closer, he appeared more radiant,
so that my eyes could not sustain his splendor,
and I looked down as he came shoreward
with a boat so swift and light
the water did not part to take it in.
At the stern stood the heavenly pilot--
his mere description would bring to bliss.
And more than a hundred souls were with him..."
Dante, Purgatorio II vv. 13-45 (the angel helmsman)
Thanks to "The Lady of Shalot"
And also a big thanks to Mr-Pan who have search and found the whole painting here
Introduction to Echuca and its history. Population Echuca-Moama 20,500. When captains Cadell of Goolwa and Randell of Gumeracha had a South Australian government sponsored race to reach the Darling River and prove the River Murray was navigable in 1853 they probably did not foresee the huge development of the river boat trade. The River Murray was to be a transportation conduit to the outback and inland areas like the Mississippi River in America. Paddle steamer river boats with shallow drafts were first used in the 1820s along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. They were adapted from rear wheel vessels to side wheel vessels in Australia. A few centres grew into major river ports- Morgan, Milang, Wentworth and Echuca. But Echuca outstripped them all as it was developed shortly after the Victorian gold rushes and it was the closest point on the River Murray to booming Melbourne. Some say Echuca was built upon the entrepreneurship of one man Henry Hopwood who arrived in the area in 1849. He was an ex-convict with big ideas. He began a ferry service across the Murray and later built a pontoon bridge. A government surveyor laid out a town in 1854 which he named Echuca from a local Aboriginal word meaning “meeting of the waters” as Echuca is at the confluence of the Campaspe and Murray rivers and the mighty Goulburn River also enters the Murray just a short distance away. In 1824 the explorer Hamilton Hume named the Murray the Hume River after his father. But in 1830 Charles Sturt after leaving the Murrumbidgee thought he had discovered a new river and he named it the Murray River after his friend in the British Colonial Office, Sir George Murray, Secretary of the Colonies. The Goulburn River was named in 1835/36 by Major Thomas Mitchell on his explorations. He named it after the Frederick Goulburn who was then Colonial Secretary of NSW and he also named the Campaspe River which rises near Mt Macedon. He was obviously thinking of his classical education when he named the Campaspe. Alexander the Great (356 BC to 323BC) of Greece had a famous artist paint one of his concubines and when the artist fell in love with the beautiful Campaspe, Alexander the Great “gave” Campaspe to the artist. Campaspe in the nude or only partially clothed was a popular painting subject in the early 1800s in Britain. Mitchell named Mount Macedon after an ancient Greek King Phillip II of Macedon (359 BC to 336 BC). Because three major rivers meet in the locality of Echuca lakes large flood plains with billabongs abound. One water channel from this area flows north to the Murrumbidgee River and is known as the Edward River. These flood plains along the Murray are now mainly national parks and reserves called the Barmah Lakes and Forests with the first area being declared as such in 1908. Early pastoralists were attracted to this country and many of the River Red gums were felled by woodsmen for railway sleepers across Victoria and NSW. The cycle of flood and drought favoured the River Red gums. The major floods of the River Murray were in 1867, 1870 – the biggest highest flood of the white era – 1916, 1931, 1956 and 1975.
The town grew quickly and in 1858 Henry Hopwood built the Bridge Hotel which he claimed was the best outside of Melbourne. The locals referred to him as King Hopwood although he was transported to Van Diemans Land as a convict charged with theft in 1834. He reached this Victorian part of NSW in 1850. At that time he established the first River Murray ferry service followed by a pontoon bridge in 1857. The ferry fees he charged with his monopoly soon made him a rich man. Because of the commercially strategic location the railway reached Echuca from the gold mining centre of Bendigo in 1864 so that Victoria could capture the Riverina trade through Moama on the NSW side of the Murray. Everything favoured Echuca’s development. Until Federation in 1901 all the independent colonies levied port duties on goods coming into or out of their colonies and Echuca was an important customs town. By the 1870s when more than two hundred paddle steamers regularly traversed the rivers here Echuca expanded with a multi-tiered wooden wharf so that steamers could dock regardless of the river level. The first small wharf was built in 1865 with extensions in the 1870s and this wharf eventually reached over one kilometre long when extended in 1884! As business boomed the town grew with 60 licensed hotels by 1876. The river trade not only transported wool from the pastoralists and supplies but it required extensive supplies of wood for fuel for the steamers, labour, ropes and equipment etc. Echuca was the second port of Victoria after Port Melbourne for tonnage handled in the 1870s. It was the largest inland port in Australia and it vied with Morgan as the main port to handle wool bought down the Darling River by paddle steamer. There were also paddle steamer services from Echuca to Shepparton on the Goulburn River. But the town eventually declined as railways which began Echuca’s boom also ended the importance of the river boat trade in Victoria. The boom was over by 1890 but by then Echuca was an established town with substantial and impressive buildings. The river boat trade persisted into the 1930s but on a much reduced scale. The next boom for Echuca was after World War Two when surrounding land was irrigated for horticulture, viticulture and intensive agriculture.
Henry Hopwood’s Bridge Hotel still stands as does the original Town Hall built in 1868 and designed by architect W.C Vahland from Bendigo. Along the waterfront you can still see the Steam Packet Hotel, the Customs House, the Bond Store (where goods were stored by the government until the duties were paid) and a small part of the great wharf. The fine brick Customs House was built in 1884 with a thin strip of sandstone around the windows and across the brickwork. The Bond Store was also built in red brick with pilasters across the front and a pediment to hide the roof line. The “King of Echuca” Hopwood also built a fine house which he named Apsley House facing Connelly Street. Part of it still remains at the Catholic College. When he died in 1869 the “King of Echuca” was buried in the town cemetery and he was remembered by a memorial pew in the Anglican Church. He became a wealthy man because he negotiated a monopoly of the ferry service across the river with the Victorian government. His contract included his heirs also retaining the monopoly. They eventually sold out to the Victorian government but the days of ferry services ended anyway with the construction of the mighty iron bridge across the Murray. A bridge between two colonies required both to agree and the conflict that the bridge engendered was really a part of the Australian federation story. Both colonies agree in 1864 to pay part of the bridge cost but disagreement emerged over tariffs and import/export duties. The agreement was reactivated after the great Murray floods of 1867 and 1870. Work finally started on the iron bridge in 1875. Heavy iron posts from England were carted by rail from Port Melbourne as there were no NSW railways near the river at that time. In April 1877 a disaster occurred when a crane crashed and collapsed iron and stone pillars. Six men were killed. The bridge opened in December 1878 but it only caused mayhem. NSW had not inspected and signed off on the bridge and travellers were charged a fee for using the “free” bridge. Angry mobs assembled near the bridge and protested several times and the Victorian government considered prosecuting rioters. Finally the bridge opened in April 1879 with no official opening ceremony by either government! Once the bridge was open competition between Moama in NSW and Victorian Echuca intensified. The railway from Deniliquin reached Moama in 1876 adding to the inter-colonial trade rivalry. Echuca reached a population of 5,000 by 1878.
Support for Australian federation came especially from the Riverina/Murray districts like Echuca as they were the most effected by trade tariffs between Victoria and NSW. The Riverina was settled as the main NSW grain producing region in the late 19th century but it was much closer to Melbourne than Sydney. Grain was carted across the border at Echuca. NSW was a free trade colony but Victoria was a protectionist colony. Thus towns developed each side of the river at crossing points – Wodonga and Albury; Wahgunyah and Corowa; Echuca and Moama. The railways were pushed up much sooner from Melbourne than from Sydney and grain was transported by rail from Echuca by the mid-1870s. NSW railway lines only reached Riverina towns in the 1890s and even later. So the Echuca district was directly interested in the benefits of federation especially the abolition of tariffs and customs but the other great issue was the control of the Murray River and its waters. In NSW Sir Henry Parkes pushed for federation and the other colonies waited to see if NSW would push ahead with the idea as their approval was always going to be crucial. Parkes began the push for federation in speeches in 1881 and again more seriously in 1889. The first national constitution convention was held in 1891 in Sydney. In the next couple of years the localised Australian Natives Association formed many more branches and became a national movement. Along the River Murray the Border Federation League was formed in Corowa and soon spread to Echuca/Moama and other regional towns. It was at a meeting of the Border Federation League in 1893 that Dr John Quick of Bendigo moved a motion to provide a process to achieve federation. This was something the arguing statesmen and politicians could not achieve. He moved that colonial parliaments should pass enabling legislation to send delegates to a national convention to adopt a constitution. From this point on the federation movement gained great impetus especially with support from the Riverina and river towns like Echuca. The movement culminated in the inauguration of the Commonwealth on January 1st 1901.
Apart from the River Murray providing a smooth navigable surface for transportation the river flats near Echuca led to the development of the major industry of the town- timber milling. River red gum timer was railed from Echuca all over Victoria for its railways. River red gum railway sleepers were transported down the Murray from Echuca to Morgan to build the Kapunda to Morgan railway in 1878. By 1869 one of several the timber mills in Echuca covered six acres. Logs were taken from the Barham forests and the Goulburn River valley and transported downstream to Echuca. But the Murray provided more for the town. The supply of timber made Echuca one of the major paddle steamer building sites along the Murray. Red gums provided wood for the boats and wood for their boilers. A slipway was soon erected in Echuca and the first steamer rolled into the river in 1864 but one earlier boat, without the assistance of a slipway, was constructed in 1858. Echuca had constructed 48 paddle steamers and 54 barges by 1895. Eighteen of the 48 paddle steamers were built between 1874 and 1878. The boat building stopped in the 1920s. Several foundries in the town produced ship bells and other equipment. The river trade led to wool scouring or fellmongering, boiling down works and tanneries. All these hard manual workers required alcohol and Echuca had several major breweries in the 19th century. The growth of the town surrounded by farmers or selectors led to conflict between the big squatter ad sheep shearers and other labourers. This resulted in the famous burning of the paddle steamer PS Rodney in 1894. Australia suffered a major depression in 1890, banks collapsed as did the price for wool. When pastoralist’s tried to reduce shearer wages conflict and strikes emerged. Shearers unison were first formed in 1891. In Queensland this resulted in violent conflict between unionists and pastoralists and Banjo Paterson’s song Waltzing Mathilda covers this issue. The original lyrics were written in 1895 by Banjo Paterson and it was first published as sheet music in 1903. Paterson wrote the poem in 1894 while staying at the Dagworth Homestead (near Winton), where in September of that year some shearers went on strike before violence erupted.
Up came the jumbuck( sheep) to drink at the waterhole,Up came the squatter a-riding his thoroughbred;
Up jumped the swagman and grabbed him in glee; And he sang as he put him away in his tucker-bag,
'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS
Up came policemen - one, two and three. Up sprang the swagman and jumped in the waterhole,
'Whose is the jumbuck you've got in the tucker bag? Drowning himself by the Coolibah tree;
You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUSAnd his voice can be heard as it sings in the billabongs,'Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?'
Near Echuca shearers went on strike in 1894 and camped along the river. One camp had 220 men in it by July 1894. They tried to block use of the bridge to Moama and the unloading of trains in Echuca with non-union shearers. In August 1894 trouble flared up. But it was near Pooncarie on the Darling River that a crew of boatmen from Echuca were moored on the banks of the Darling in the PS Rodney with non –union labour for an upstream station. The Rodney was built in Echuca in 1875. The non-unionists on board were thrown overboard and the crew allowed to leave and then the Rodney was set on fire. The news was not appreciated in the workers home town of Echuca. Only half a dozen of the arsonists were arrested, but then acquitted when tried by the Court in Broken Hill. Eventually one was convicted in a second trial in Sydney. By then the trouble had calmed down.
Some Echuca buildings to take note of starting at the entrance to the port of Echuca at Hopwood Place.
•The Bridge Hotel built by Henry Hopwood in 1858. Slate roof, round columns supporting the veranda and French doors which were so popular in the mid 1850s. Upper floor added circa 1875. Closed 1916 and became a residence then owned by the City of Echuca since 1970. Now a café.
Introduction to Echuca and its history. Population Echuca-Moama 20,500. When captains Cadell of Goolwa and Randell of Gumeracha had a South Australian government sponsored race to reach the Darling River and prove the River Murray was navigable in 1853 they probably did not foresee the huge development of the river boat trade. The River Murray was to be a transportation conduit to the outback and inland areas like the Mississippi River in America. Paddle steamer river boats with shallow drafts were first used in the 1820s along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. They were adapted from rear wheel vessels to side wheel vessels in Australia. A few centres grew into major river ports- Morgan, Milang, Wentworth and Echuca. But Echuca outstripped them all as it was developed shortly after the Victorian gold rushes and it was the closest point on the River Murray to booming Melbourne. Some say Echuca was built upon the entrepreneurship of one man Henry Hopwood who arrived in the area in 1849. He was an ex-convict with big ideas. He began a ferry service across the Murray and later built a pontoon bridge. A government surveyor laid out a town in 1854 which he named Echuca from a local Aboriginal word meaning “meeting of the waters” as Echuca is at the confluence of the Campaspe and Murray rivers and the mighty Goulburn River also enters the Murray just a short distance away. In 1824 the explorer Hamilton Hume named the Murray the Hume River after his father. But in 1830 Charles Sturt after leaving the Murrumbidgee thought he had discovered a new river and he named it the Murray River after his friend in the British Colonial Office, Sir George Murray, Secretary of the Colonies. The Goulburn River was named in 1835/36 by Major Thomas Mitchell on his explorations. He named it after the Frederick Goulburn who was then Colonial Secretary of NSW and he also named the Campaspe River which rises near Mt Macedon. He was obviously thinking of his classical education when he named the Campaspe. Alexander the Great (356 BC to 323BC) of Greece had a famous artist paint one of his concubines and when the artist fell in love with the beautiful Campaspe, Alexander the Great “gave” Campaspe to the artist. Campaspe in the nude or only partially clothed was a popular painting subject in the early 1800s in Britain. Mitchell named Mount Macedon after an ancient Greek King Phillip II of Macedon (359 BC to 336 BC). Because three major rivers meet in the locality of Echuca lakes large flood plains with billabongs abound. One water channel from this area flows north to the Murrumbidgee River and is known as the Edward River. These flood plains along the Murray are now mainly national parks and reserves called the Barmah Lakes and Forests with the first area being declared as such in 1908. Early pastoralists were attracted to this country and many of the River Red gums were felled by woodsmen for railway sleepers across Victoria and NSW. The cycle of flood and drought favoured the River Red gums. The major floods of the River Murray were in 1867, 1870 – the biggest highest flood of the white era – 1916, 1931, 1956 and 1975.
The town grew quickly and in 1858 Henry Hopwood built the Bridge Hotel which he claimed was the best outside of Melbourne. The locals referred to him as King Hopwood although he was transported to Van Diemans Land as a convict charged with theft in 1834. He reached this Victorian part of NSW in 1850. At that time he established the first River Murray ferry service followed by a pontoon bridge in 1857. The ferry fees he charged with his monopoly soon made him a rich man. Because of the commercially strategic location the railway reached Echuca from the gold mining centre of Bendigo in 1864 so that Victoria could capture the Riverina trade through Moama on the NSW side of the Murray. Everything favoured Echuca’s development. Until Federation in 1901 all the independent colonies levied port duties on goods coming into or out of their colonies and Echuca was an important customs town. By the 1870s when more than two hundred paddle steamers regularly traversed the rivers here Echuca expanded with a multi-tiered wooden wharf so that steamers could dock regardless of the river level. The first small wharf was built in 1865 with extensions in the 1870s and this wharf eventually reached over one kilometre long when extended in 1884! As business boomed the town grew with 60 licensed hotels by 1876. The river trade not only transported wool from the pastoralists and supplies but it required extensive supplies of wood for fuel for the steamers, labour, ropes and equipment etc. Echuca was the second port of Victoria after Port Melbourne for tonnage handled in the 1870s. It was the largest inland port in Australia and it vied with Morgan as the main port to handle wool bought down the Darling River by paddle steamer. There were also paddle steamer services from Echuca to Shepparton on the Goulburn River. But the town eventually declined as railways which began Echuca’s boom also ended the importance of the river boat trade in Victoria. The boom was over by 1890 but by then Echuca was an established town with substantial and impressive buildings. The river boat trade persisted into the 1930s but on a much reduced scale. The next boom for Echuca was after World War Two when surrounding land was irrigated for horticulture, viticulture and intensive agriculture.
Henry Hopwood’s Bridge Hotel still stands as does the original Town Hall built in 1868 and designed by architect W.C Vahland from Bendigo. Along the waterfront you can still see the Steam Packet Hotel, the Customs House, the Bond Store (where goods were stored by the government until the duties were paid) and a small part of the great wharf. The fine brick Customs House was built in 1884 with a thin strip of sandstone around the windows and across the brickwork. The Bond Store was also built in red brick with pilasters across the front and a pediment to hide the roof line. The “King of Echuca” Hopwood also built a fine house which he named Apsley House facing Connelly Street. Part of it still remains at the Catholic College. When he died in 1869 the “King of Echuca” was buried in the town cemetery and he was remembered by a memorial pew in the Anglican Church. He became a wealthy man because he negotiated a monopoly of the ferry service across the river with the Victorian government. His contract included his heirs also retaining the monopoly. They eventually sold out to the Victorian government but the days of ferry services ended anyway with the construction of the mighty iron bridge across the Murray. A bridge between two colonies required both to agree and the conflict that the bridge engendered was really a part of the Australian federation story. Both colonies agree in 1864 to pay part of the bridge cost but disagreement emerged over tariffs and import/export duties. The agreement was reactivated after the great Murray floods of 1867 and 1870. Work finally started on the iron bridge in 1875. Heavy iron posts from England were carted by rail from Port Melbourne as there were no NSW railways near the river at that time. In April 1877 a disaster occurred when a crane crashed and collapsed iron and stone pillars. Six men were killed. The bridge opened in December 1878 but it only caused mayhem. NSW had not inspected and signed off on the bridge and travellers were charged a fee for using the “free” bridge. Angry mobs assembled near the bridge and protested several times and the Victorian government considered prosecuting rioters. Finally the bridge opened in April 1879 with no official opening ceremony by either government! Once the bridge was open competition between Moama in NSW and Victorian Echuca intensified. The railway from Deniliquin reached Moama in 1876 adding to the inter-colonial trade rivalry. Echuca reached a population of 5,000 by 1878.
Support for Australian federation came especially from the Riverina/Murray districts like Echuca as they were the most effected by trade tariffs between Victoria and NSW. The Riverina was settled as the main NSW grain producing region in the late 19th century but it was much closer to Melbourne than Sydney. Grain was carted across the border at Echuca. NSW was a free trade colony but Victoria was a protectionist colony. Thus towns developed each side of the river at crossing points – Wodonga and Albury; Wahgunyah and Corowa; Echuca and Moama. The railways were pushed up much sooner from Melbourne than from Sydney and grain was transported by rail from Echuca by the mid-1870s. NSW railway lines only reached Riverina towns in the 1890s and even later. So the Echuca district was directly interested in the benefits of federation especially the abolition of tariffs and customs but the other great issue was the control of the Murray River and its waters. In NSW Sir Henry Parkes pushed for federation and the other colonies waited to see if NSW would push ahead with the idea as their approval was always going to be crucial. Parkes began the push for federation in speeches in 1881 and again more seriously in 1889. The first national constitution convention was held in 1891 in Sydney. In the next couple of years the localised Australian Natives Association formed many more branches and became a national movement. Along the River Murray the Border Federation League was formed in Corowa and soon spread to Echuca/Moama and other regional towns. It was at a meeting of the Border Federation League in 1893 that Dr John Quick of Bendigo moved a motion to provide a process to achieve federation. This was something the arguing statesmen and politicians could not achieve. He moved that colonial parliaments should pass enabling legislation to send delegates to a national convention to adopt a constitution. From this point on the federation movement gained great impetus especially with support from the Riverina and river towns like Echuca. The movement culminated in the inauguration of the Commonwealth on January 1st 1901.
Apart from the River Murray providing a smooth navigable surface for transportation the river flats near Echuca led to the development of the major industry of the town- timber milling. River red gum timer was railed from Echuca all over Victoria for its railways. River red gum railway sleepers were transported down the Murray from Echuca to Morgan to build the Kapunda to Morgan railway in 1878. By 1869 one of several the timber mills in Echuca covered six acres. Logs were taken from the Barham forests and the Goulburn River valley and transported downstream to Echuca. But the Murray provided more for the town. The supply of timber made Echuca one of the major paddle steamer building sites along the Murray. Red gums provided wood for the boats and wood for their boilers. A slipway was soon erected in Echuca and the first steamer rolled into the river in 1864 but one earlier boat, without the assistance of a slipway, was constructed in 1858. Echuca had constructed 48 paddle steamers and 54 barges by 1895. Eighteen of the 48 paddle steamers were built between 1874 and 1878. The boat building stopped in the 1920s. Several foundries in the town produced ship bells and other equipment. The river trade led to wool scouring or fellmongering, boiling down works and tanneries. All these hard manual workers required alcohol and Echuca had several major breweries in the 19th century. The growth of the town surrounded by farmers or selectors led to conflict between the big squatter ad sheep shearers and other labourers. This resulted in the famous burning of the paddle steamer PS Rodney in 1894. Australia suffered a major depression in 1890, banks collapsed as did the price for wool. When pastoralist’s tried to reduce shearer wages conflict and strikes emerged. Shearers unison were first formed in 1891. In Queensland this resulted in violent conflict between unionists and pastoralists and Banjo Paterson’s song Waltzing Mathilda covers this issue. The original lyrics were written in 1895 by Banjo Paterson and it was first published as sheet music in 1903. Paterson wrote the poem in 1894 while staying at the Dagworth Homestead (near Winton), where in September of that year some shearers went on strike before violence erupted.
Up came the jumbuck( sheep) to drink at the waterhole,Up came the squatter a-riding his thoroughbred;
Up jumped the swagman and grabbed him in glee; And he sang as he put him away in his tucker-bag,
'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS
Up came policemen - one, two and three. Up sprang the swagman and jumped in the waterhole,
'Whose is the jumbuck you've got in the tucker bag? Drowning himself by the Coolibah tree;
You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUSAnd his voice can be heard as it sings in the billabongs,'Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?'
Near Echuca shearers went on strike in 1894 and camped along the river. One camp had 220 men in it by July 1894. They tried to block use of the bridge to Moama and the unloading of trains in Echuca with non-union shearers. In August 1894 trouble flared up. But it was near Pooncarie on the Darling River that a crew of boatmen from Echuca were moored on the banks of the Darling in the PS Rodney with non –union labour for an upstream station. The Rodney was built in Echuca in 1875. The non-unionists on board were thrown overboard and the crew allowed to leave and then the Rodney was set on fire. The news was not appreciated in the workers home town of Echuca. Only half a dozen of the arsonists were arrested, but then acquitted when tried by the Court in Broken Hill. Eventually one was convicted in a second trial in Sydney. By then the trouble had calmed down.
Petra (Arabic: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα), originally known to the Nabataeans as Raqmu, is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. The city is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved.
Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the capital city of the Arab Nabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction.The Nabateans were nomadic Arabs who benefited from the proximity of Petra to the regional trade routes, in becoming a major trading hub, thus enabling them to gather wealth. The Nabateans are also known for their great ability in constructing efficient water collecting methods in the barren deserts and their talent in carving structures into solid rocks. It lies on the slope of Jebel al-Madhbah (identified by some as the biblical Mount Hor in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.
The site remained unknown to the western world until 1812, when it was introduced by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. It was described as "a rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate Prize-winning poem by John William Burgon. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage".Petra was named amongst the New7Wonders of the World in 2007 and was also chosen by the Smithsonian Magazine as one of the "28 Places to See Before You Die". (Wikipedia)
Petra (Árabe: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Grego Antigo: Πέτρα), originalmente conhecida pelos Nabateus como Raqmu, é uma cidade histórica e arqueológica no sul da Jordânia. A cidade é famosa por sua arquitetura esculpida na rocha e seu sistema de condução de água. Outro nome para Petra é "Cidade Rosa", devido à cor da pedra da qual foi esculpida. Estabelecida possivelmente já em 312 a.C. como a capital dos Nabateus Árabes, é um símbolo da Jordânia, bem como sua atração turística mais visitada. Os Nabateus eram Árabes nômades que se beneficiaram da proximidade de Petra com as rotas comerciais regionais, tornando-a um grande centro comercial, o que lhes permitiu acumular riqueza. São também conhecidos por sua grande habilidade em construir métodos eficientes de coleta de água nos desertos áridos e seu talento em esculpir estruturas em rochas sólidas. Está localizada na encosta de Jebel al-Madhbah (identificado por alguns como o bíblico Monte Hor) numa bacia entre as montanhas que formam o flanco leste de Arabah (Wadi Araba), o grande vale que se estende do Mar Morto ao Golfo de Aqaba. Petra é um Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO desde 1985. O local permaneceu desconhecido do mundo ocidental até 1812, quando foi apresentado pelo explorador suíço Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Foi descrita como "uma cidade rosa-vermelha quase tão antiga quanto o tempo" em um poema vencedor do Prêmio Newdigate por John William Burgon. A UNESCO a descreveu como "uma das propriedades culturais mais preciosas do patrimônio cultural da humanidade". Petra foi eleita uma das Novas 7 Maravilhas do Mundo em 2007 e também foi escolhida pela Smithsonian Magazine como um dos "28 Lugares para Ver Antes de Morrer".
Petra (Árabe: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Griego Antiguo: Πέτρα), originalmente conocida por los Nabateos como Raqmu, es una ciudad histórica y arqueológica en el sur de Jordania. La ciudad es famosa por su arquitectura tallada en la roca y su sistema de conducción de agua. Otro nombre para Petra es "Ciudad Rosa", debido al color de la piedra en la que fue tallada. Establecida posiblemente tan temprano como el 312 a.C. como la capital de los Nabateos Árabes, es un símbolo de Jordania, así como la atracción turística más visitada del país. Los Nabateos eran Árabes nómadas que se beneficiaron de la proximidad de Petra a las rutas comerciales regionales, convirtiéndola en un importante centro comercial, lo que les permitió acumular riqueza. También son conocidos por su gran habilidad para construir métodos eficientes de recolección de agua en los desiertos áridos y su talento para tallar estructuras en rocas sólidas. Se encuentra en la ladera de Jebel al-Madhbah (identificado por algunos como el bíblico Monte Hor) en una cuenca entre las montañas que forman el flanco oriental de Arabah (Wadi Araba), el gran valle que se extiende desde el Mar Muerto hasta el Golfo de Aqaba. Petra ha sido un Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO desde 1985. El sitio permaneció desconocido para el mundo occidental hasta 1812, cuando fue dado a conocer por el explorador suizo Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Fue descrita como "una ciudad rosa-roja tan antigua como el tiempo" en un poema ganador del Premio Newdigate por John William Burgon. La UNESCO la ha descrito como "una de las propiedades culturales más preciosas del patrimonio cultural del hombre". Petra fue nombrada una de las Nuevas 7 Maravillas del Mundo en 2007 y también fue elegida por la Smithsonian Magazine como uno de los "28 Lugares que Ver Antes de Morir".
Petra (Arabo: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Greco Antico: Πέτρα), originariamente conosciuta dai Nabatei come Raqmu, è una città storica e archeologica nel sud della Giordania. La città è famosa per la sua architettura rupestre e il suo sistema di condutture idriche. Un altro nome per Petra è "Città Rosa", a causa del colore della pietra in cui è stata scolpita. Fondata probabilmente già nel 312 a.C. come capitale dei Nabatei Arabi, è un simbolo della Giordania, nonché la sua attrazione turistica più visitata. I Nabatei erano Arabi nomadi che trassero beneficio dalla vicinanza di Petra alle rotte commerciali regionali, diventando un importante hub commerciale, cosa che permise loro di accumulare ricchezza. Sono anche noti per la loro grande abilità nel costruire efficienti metodi di raccolta dell'acqua negli aridi deserti e il loro talento nello scolpire strutture nella roccia solida. Si trova sul pendio di Jebel al-Madhbah (identificato da alcuni come il biblico Monte Oreb) in un bacino tra le montagne che formano il fianco orientale dell'Arabah (Wadi Araba), la grande valle che si estende dal Mar Morto al Golfo di Aqaba. Petra è un Patrimonio dell'Umanità UNESCO dal 1985. Il sito rimase sconosciuto al mondo occidentale fino al 1812, quando fu portato alla luce dall'esploratore svizzero Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Fu descritta come "una città rosa-rossa antica quasi quanto il tempo" in una poesia vincitrice del Premio Newdigate di John William Burgon. L'UNESCO l'ha descritta come "una delle più preziose proprietà culturali del patrimonio culturale dell'uomo". Petra è stata eletta una delle Nuove 7 Meraviglie del Mondo nel 2007 ed è stata anche scelta dalla Smithsonian Magazine come uno dei "28 Luoghi da Vedere Prima di Morire".
Pétra (Arabe : البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ ; Grec Ancien : Πέτρα), initialement connue des Nabatéens sous le nom de Raqmu, est une ville historique et archéologique du sud de la Jordanie. La ville est célèbre pour son architecture taillée dans la roche et son système de conduits d'eau. Un autre nom pour Pétra est la « Cité Rose », en raison de la couleur de la pierre dans laquelle elle est sculptée. Établie peut-être dès 312 av. J.-C. comme capitale des Nabatéens Arabes, elle est un symbole de la Jordanie, ainsi que son attraction touristique la plus visitée. Les Nabatéens étaient des Arabes nomades qui ont tiré profit de la proximité de Pétra avec les routes commerciales régionales pour en faire un centre commercial majeur, accumulant ainsi de grandes richesses. Ils sont également réputés pour leur grande capacité à construire des méthodes efficaces de collecte d'eau dans les déserts arides et leur talent pour sculpter des structures dans la roche solide. Elle se trouve sur les pentes du Jebel al-Madhbah (identifié par certains comme le mont Hor biblique) dans un bassin entouré de montagnes qui forment le flanc est de l'Araba (Wadi Araba), la grande vallée s'étendant de la mer Morte au golfe d'Aqaba. Pétra est inscrite sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1985. Le site est resté inconnu du monde occidental jusqu'en 1812, date à laquelle il a été révélé par l'explorateur suisse Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Elle a été décrite comme « une ville rose-rouge moitié aussi vieille que le temps » dans un poème lauréat du prix Newdigate de John William Burgon. L'UNESCO l'a décrite comme « l'un des biens culturels les plus précieux du patrimoine culturel de l'homme ». Pétra a été désignée comme l'une des Nouvelles 7 Merveilles du Monde en 2007 et a également été choisie par le Smithsonian Magazine comme l'un des « 28 Lieux à Voir Avant de Mourir ».
Petra (Arabisch: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Oud-Grieks: Πέτρα), oorspronkelijk bij de Nabateeërs bekend als Raqmu, is een historische en archeologische stad in Zuid-Jordanië. De stad is beroemd om haar in rotsen uitgehouwen architectuur en haar waterleidingssysteem. Een andere naam voor Petra is de 'Roze Stad', vanwege de kleur van de steen waarin ze is uitgehouwen. Waarschijnlijk al in 312 v.Chr. gesticht als de hoofdstad van de Arabische Nabateeërs, is het een symbool van Jordanië, evenals de meest bezochte toeristische attractie van het land. De Nabateeërs waren nomadische Arabieren die profiteerden van de nabijheid van Petra tot regionale handelsroutes, waardoor het een belangrijk handelsknooppunt werd en zij rijkdom konden vergaren. De Nabateeërs staan ook bekend om hun grote vaardigheid in het construeren van efficiënte waterverzamelingmethoden in de barre woestijnen en hun talent om structuren in massief rotsen uit te houwen. Het ligt op de helling van Jebel al-Madhbah (door sommigen geïdentificeerd als de bijbelse Berg Hor) in een bekken tussen de bergen die de oostelijke flank vormen van de Arabah (Wadi Araba), de grote vallei die loopt van de Dode Zee tot de Golf van Aqaba. Petra staat sinds 1985 op de UNESCO Werelderfgoedlijst. De locatie bleef onbekend voor de westerse wereld tot 1812, toen ze werd geïntroduceerd door de Zwitserse ontdekkingsreiziger Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Het werd omschreven als "een rozerode stad half zo oud als de tijd" in een met de Newdigate Prize bekroond gedicht van John William Burgon. UNESCO heeft het omschreven als "een van de meest kostbare culturele eigendommen van het culturele erfgoed van de mensheid". Petra werd in 2007 verkozen tot een van de Nieuwe 7 Wereldwonderen en werd ook door Smithsonian Magazine gekozen als een van de "28 Plekken om te Zien Voor Je Sterft".
Petra (Arabisch: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Altgriechisch: Πέτρα), ursprünglich den Nabatäern als Raqmu bekannt, ist eine historische und archäologische Stadt im Süden Jordaniens. Die Stadt ist berühmt für ihre in den Fels gehauene Architektur und ihr Wasserleitungssystem. Ein anderer Name für Petra ist die "Rosarote Stadt", aufgrund der Farbe des Steins, in den sie gemeißelt wurde. Gegründet möglicherweise bereits 312 v. Chr. als Hauptstadt der arabischen Nabatäer, ist sie ein Symbol Jordaniens sowie die meistbesuchte Touristenattraktion des Landes. Die Nabatäer waren nomadische Araber, die von der Nähe Petras zu den regionalen Handelsrouten profitierten, indem sie sie zu einem wichtigen Handelszentrum machten, was ihnen Reichtum einbrachte. Sie sind auch für ihre große Fähigkeit bekannt, effiziente Methoden zur Wassersammlung in den kargen Wüsten zu konstruieren und Strukturen in festen Fels zu hauen. Sie liegt am Hang des Jebel al-Madhbah (von einigen mit dem biblischen Berg Hor identifiziert) in einem Becken zwischen den Bergen, die die östliche Flanke der Araba (Wadi Araba) bilden, dem großen Tal, das vom Toten Meer zum Golf von Aqaba verläuft. Petra ist seit 1985 eine UNESCO-Welterbestätte. Die Stätte blieb der westlichen Welt bis 1812 unbekannt, als sie vom Schweizer Entdecker Johann Ludwig Burckhardt bekannt gemacht wurde. Sie wurde in einem preisgekrönten Newdigate-Gedicht von John William Burgon als "eine rosarote Stadt, halb so alt wie die Zeit" beschrieben. Die UNESCO hat sie als "eines der wertvollsten Kulturgüter des kulturellen Erbes der Menschheit" beschrieben. Petra wurde 2007 zu einem der Neuen 7 Weltwunder gewählt und auch vom Smithsonian Magazine als einer der "28 Orte, die man sehen muss, bevor man stirbt" ausgewählt.
ペトラ（アラビア語: البتراء, アル＝バトラ；古代ギリシャ語: ΠέτRA）は、ナバテア人にはラクムとして知られていた、ヨルダン南部にある歴史的・考古学的な都市です。この都市は、岩を切り出して造られた建築物と水路システムで有名です。切り出された岩石の色から、「バラ色の都市」とも呼ばれています。紀元前312年頃には、アラブ系ナバテア人の首都として確立されていた可能性があり、ヨルダンの象徴であるとともに、同国で最も訪問者の多い観光名所です。ナバテア人は遊牧のアラブ人で、ペトラが地域の交易路に近い利点を活かして主要な交易拠点となり、富を蓄えました。また、不毛な砂漠で効率的な集水方法を構築する卓越した能力と、硬い岩盤に構造物を彫り込む技術でも知られています。ペトラは死海からアカバ湾に至る大きな谷であるアラバ（ワジ・アラバ）の東側を形成する山々に囲まれた盆地に位置するジェベル・アル＝マドバ（一部で聖書のホル山と同定されている）の斜面にあります。ペトラは1985年以来ユネスコ世界遺産です。この遺跡は、1812年にスイス人探検家ヨハン・ルートヴィヒ・ブルクハルトによって紹介されるまで西洋世界に知られていませんでした。ジョン・ウィリアム・バーゴンのニューディゲート賞受賞詩の中で「時間の半分の古さを持つバラ色の都市」と描写され、ユネスコは「人類の文化的遺産の中で最も貴重な文化的財産の一つ」と述べています。ペトラは2007年に新・世界七不思議の一つに選ばれ、また『スミソニアン・マガジン』によって「死ぬ前に見るべき28の場所」の一つにも選ばれています。
佩特拉（阿拉伯语：البتراء，Al-Batrāʾ；古希腊语：ΠέτRA），纳巴泰人最初称之为Raqmu，是位于约旦南部的一座历史和考古城市。该城以其岩石切割建筑和输水系统而闻名。由于雕刻城市的岩石颜色，佩特拉又被称为"玫瑰城"。它可能早在公元前312年就已作为阿拉伯纳巴泰人的首都建立，是约旦的象征，也是该国访问量最大的旅游景点。纳巴泰人是阿拉伯游牧民族，他们利用佩特拉靠近区域贸易路线的优势，使其成为主要贸易中心，从而积累了财富。他们还以在贫瘠沙漠中建造高效集水系统的卓越能力以及在坚硬岩石中雕刻结构的才华而闻名。它坐落于杰贝尔·马德巴（有些人认为就是圣经中的何珥山）的斜坡上，位于阿拉伯谷东侧山脉环绕的盆地中，这条大峡谷从死海一直延伸到亚喀巴湾。佩特拉自1985年以来一直是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地。该遗址一直不为人知，直到1812年由瑞士探险家约翰·路德维希·布尔克哈特介绍给西方世界。约翰·威廉·伯根在一首获得纽迪吉特奖的诗中将其描述为"一座玫瑰红城市，其历史有人类一半古老"。联合国教科文组织将其描述为"人类文化遗产中最宝贵的文化财产之一"。佩特拉于2007年入选世界新七大奇迹，并被《史密森尼》杂志选为"死前必看的28个地方"之一。
البتراء (بالعربية: البتراء، آل-بتْراء؛ باليونانية القديمة: ΠέτRA)، المعروفة أصلاً لدى الأنباط باسم رَقْمُو، هي مدينة تاريخية وأثرية في جنوب الأردن. تشتهر المدينة بهندستها المعمارية المنحوتة في الصخور ونظام قنوات المياه. اسم آخر للبتراء هو "المدينة الوردية" due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. أُسست possibly as early as 312 BC كعاصمة للأنباط العرب، وهي رمز للأردن، وكذلك الوجهة السياحية الأكثر زيارة في البلاد. كان الأنباط بدواً عرباً استفادوا من قرب البتراء من طرق التجارة الإقليمية، لتصبح محوراً تجارياً رئيسياً، مما مكنهم من جمع الثروة. كما يشتهر الأنباط بقدرتهم الكبيرة على بناء طرق فعالة لجمع المياه في الصحاري القاحلة وموهبتهم في نحت الهياكل في الصخور الصلبة. تقع على منحدر جبل المُذَبَّح (الذي يعرفه البعض بجبل هور التوراتي) في حوض بين الجبال التي تشكل الحافة الشرقية لعاربة (وادي عربة)، الوادي الكبير الممتد من البحر الميت إلى خليج العقبة. البتراء هي موقع تراث عالمي لليونسكو منذ عام 1985. بقي الموقع مجهولاً للعالم الغربي حتى عام 1812، عندما عرَّفه المستكشف السويسري يوهان لودفيغ بوركهارت. وُصفت بأنها "مدينة وردية حمراء نصف قديمة كالزمن" في قصيدة فازت بجائزة نيوديغيت للشاعر جون ويليام بورغون. وقد وصفتها اليونسكو بأنها "واحدة من أثرى الممتلكات الثقافية في التراث الثقافي للإنسان". تم تسمية البتراء among the New7Wonders of the World في 2007 وتم اختيارها أيضاً من قبل مجلة Smithsonian كواحدة من "28 مكاناً يجب أن تراهم قبل أن تموت".
پترا (به عربی: البتراء، آل-بَتراء؛ به یونانی باستان: ΠέτRA) که در ابتدا نزد نَبَطیها با نام رَقْمُو شناخته میشد، یک شهر تاریخی و باستانشناسی در جنوب اردن است. این شهر به خاطر معماری صخرهای و سیستم آبرسانیاش مشهور است. نام دیگر پترا «شهر رز» است که به دلیل رنگ سنگی است که از آن تراشیده شده است. این شهر که احتمالاً در ۳۱۲ سال قبل از میلاد به عنوان پایتخت نبطیهای عرب تأسیس شد، نماد اردن و همچنین پربازدیدترین جاذبهٔ گردشگری این کشور است. نبطیها عربهای بدوی بودند که از مجاورت پترا با routes تجاری منطقه بهره برده و آن را به یک مرکز تجاری بزرگ تبدیل کردند و thus ثروت اندوختند. نبطیها همچنین به دلیل توانایی بزرگشان در ساخت روشهای کارآمد جمعآوری آب در بیابانهای بایر و استعدادشان در کندن سازهها در صخرههای سفت مشهور هستند. این شهر بر روی شیب جبل المُذَبَّح (که برخی آن را با کوه هور کتاب مقدس one میدانند) در حوضهای در میان کوههایی واقع شده که flanks شرقی عَرَبه (وادی عربه) را تشکیل میدهند، درهٔ بزرگی که از دریای مرده تا خلیج عقبه امتداد دارد. پترا از سال ۱۹۸۵ یک میراث جهانی یونسکو بوده است. این مکان تا سال ۱۸۱۲ برای جهان غرب ناشناخته باقی ماند، تا اینکه توسط کاشف سوئیسی یوهان لودویگ بورکهارت معرفی شد. این شهر در شعری برندهٔ جایزهٔ نیودیگیت از جان ویلیام بورگون به عنوان «شهر گُلبهی نیمهقدیمی به قدمت زمان» توصیف شد. یونسکو آن را «یکی از ارزشمندترین داراییهای فرهنگی میراث فرهنگی بشر» توصیف کرده است. پترا در سال ۲۰۰۷ در میان عجایب هفتگانه جدید جهان نام گرفت و همچنین توسط مجلهٔ اسمیتسونین به عنوان یکی از «۲۸ مکان برای دیدن قبل از مرگ» انتخاب شد.
This is another building which caught my eye as I whizzed past on my morning journey to work recently, so I came back on foot on my pre-work walk with a camera in order to capture the scene.
I haven’t found much about the place, other than it was designed by PLP Architecture and houses the Qatar Airways London headquarters. Something about those curves at the bottom reminds me slightly of Zaha Hadid …
Hobson's Conduit was built, an open watercourse, in the early 17th century. It carried water to the city and university of Cambridge from springs a few miles away at Great Shelford. The conduit can still be seen in Trumpingtin Street. This monument was built to commemorate Thomas Hobson, one of the main patrons of the scheme. Built in 1614, it was originally erected in the Market Place and included a drinking fountain. It was moved to its present location in the 20th century. Most of the drawing was done while sheltering from the rain, under a tree, when I visited Cambridge to give a lecture to the students on the MSt on historic architectural studies on 8th May 2019.
Introduction to Echuca and its history. Population Echuca-Moama 20,500. When captains Cadell of Goolwa and Randell of Gumeracha had a South Australian government sponsored race to reach the Darling River and prove the River Murray was navigable in 1853 they probably did not foresee the huge development of the river boat trade. The River Murray was to be a transportation conduit to the outback and inland areas like the Mississippi River in America. Paddle steamer river boats with shallow drafts were first used in the 1820s along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. They were adapted from rear wheel vessels to side wheel vessels in Australia. A few centres grew into major river ports- Morgan, Milang, Wentworth and Echuca. But Echuca outstripped them all as it was developed shortly after the Victorian gold rushes and it was the closest point on the River Murray to booming Melbourne. Some say Echuca was built upon the entrepreneurship of one man Henry Hopwood who arrived in the area in 1849. He was an ex-convict with big ideas. He began a ferry service across the Murray and later built a pontoon bridge. A government surveyor laid out a town in 1854 which he named Echuca from a local Aboriginal word meaning “meeting of the waters” as Echuca is at the confluence of the Campaspe and Murray rivers and the mighty Goulburn River also enters the Murray just a short distance away. In 1824 the explorer Hamilton Hume named the Murray the Hume River after his father. But in 1830 Charles Sturt after leaving the Murrumbidgee thought he had discovered a new river and he named it the Murray River after his friend in the British Colonial Office, Sir George Murray, Secretary of the Colonies. The Goulburn River was named in 1835/36 by Major Thomas Mitchell on his explorations. He named it after the Frederick Goulburn who was then Colonial Secretary of NSW and he also named the Campaspe River which rises near Mt Macedon. He was obviously thinking of his classical education when he named the Campaspe. Alexander the Great (356 BC to 323BC) of Greece had a famous artist paint one of his concubines and when the artist fell in love with the beautiful Campaspe, Alexander the Great “gave” Campaspe to the artist. Campaspe in the nude or only partially clothed was a popular painting subject in the early 1800s in Britain. Mitchell named Mount Macedon after an ancient Greek King Phillip II of Macedon (359 BC to 336 BC). Because three major rivers meet in the locality of Echuca lakes large flood plains with billabongs abound. One water channel from this area flows north to the Murrumbidgee River and is known as the Edward River. These flood plains along the Murray are now mainly national parks and reserves called the Barmah Lakes and Forests with the first area being declared as such in 1908. Early pastoralists were attracted to this country and many of the River Red gums were felled by woodsmen for railway sleepers across Victoria and NSW. The cycle of flood and drought favoured the River Red gums. The major floods of the River Murray were in 1867, 1870 – the biggest highest flood of the white era – 1916, 1931, 1956 and 1975.
The town grew quickly and in 1858 Henry Hopwood built the Bridge Hotel which he claimed was the best outside of Melbourne. The locals referred to him as King Hopwood although he was transported to Van Diemans Land as a convict charged with theft in 1834. He reached this Victorian part of NSW in 1850. At that time he established the first River Murray ferry service followed by a pontoon bridge in 1857. The ferry fees he charged with his monopoly soon made him a rich man. Because of the commercially strategic location the railway reached Echuca from the gold mining centre of Bendigo in 1864 so that Victoria could capture the Riverina trade through Moama on the NSW side of the Murray. Everything favoured Echuca’s development. Until Federation in 1901 all the independent colonies levied port duties on goods coming into or out of their colonies and Echuca was an important customs town. By the 1870s when more than two hundred paddle steamers regularly traversed the rivers here Echuca expanded with a multi-tiered wooden wharf so that steamers could dock regardless of the river level. The first small wharf was built in 1865 with extensions in the 1870s and this wharf eventually reached over one kilometre long when extended in 1884! As business boomed the town grew with 60 licensed hotels by 1876. The river trade not only transported wool from the pastoralists and supplies but it required extensive supplies of wood for fuel for the steamers, labour, ropes and equipment etc. Echuca was the second port of Victoria after Port Melbourne for tonnage handled in the 1870s. It was the largest inland port in Australia and it vied with Morgan as the main port to handle wool bought down the Darling River by paddle steamer. There were also paddle steamer services from Echuca to Shepparton on the Goulburn River. But the town eventually declined as railways which began Echuca’s boom also ended the importance of the river boat trade in Victoria. The boom was over by 1890 but by then Echuca was an established town with substantial and impressive buildings. The river boat trade persisted into the 1930s but on a much reduced scale. The next boom for Echuca was after World War Two when surrounding land was irrigated for horticulture, viticulture and intensive agriculture.
Henry Hopwood’s Bridge Hotel still stands as does the original Town Hall built in 1868 and designed by architect W.C Vahland from Bendigo. Along the waterfront you can still see the Steam Packet Hotel, the Customs House, the Bond Store (where goods were stored by the government until the duties were paid) and a small part of the great wharf. The fine brick Customs House was built in 1884 with a thin strip of sandstone around the windows and across the brickwork. The Bond Store was also built in red brick with pilasters across the front and a pediment to hide the roof line. The “King of Echuca” Hopwood also built a fine house which he named Apsley House facing Connelly Street. Part of it still remains at the Catholic College. When he died in 1869 the “King of Echuca” was buried in the town cemetery and he was remembered by a memorial pew in the Anglican Church. He became a wealthy man because he negotiated a monopoly of the ferry service across the river with the Victorian government. His contract included his heirs also retaining the monopoly. They eventually sold out to the Victorian government but the days of ferry services ended anyway with the construction of the mighty iron bridge across the Murray. A bridge between two colonies required both to agree and the conflict that the bridge engendered was really a part of the Australian federation story. Both colonies agree in 1864 to pay part of the bridge cost but disagreement emerged over tariffs and import/export duties. The agreement was reactivated after the great Murray floods of 1867 and 1870. Work finally started on the iron bridge in 1875. Heavy iron posts from England were carted by rail from Port Melbourne as there were no NSW railways near the river at that time. In April 1877 a disaster occurred when a crane crashed and collapsed iron and stone pillars. Six men were killed. The bridge opened in December 1878 but it only caused mayhem. NSW had not inspected and signed off on the bridge and travellers were charged a fee for using the “free” bridge. Angry mobs assembled near the bridge and protested several times and the Victorian government considered prosecuting rioters. Finally the bridge opened in April 1879 with no official opening ceremony by either government! Once the bridge was open competition between Moama in NSW and Victorian Echuca intensified. The railway from Deniliquin reached Moama in 1876 adding to the inter-colonial trade rivalry. Echuca reached a population of 5,000 by 1878.
Support for Australian federation came especially from the Riverina/Murray districts like Echuca as they were the most effected by trade tariffs between Victoria and NSW. The Riverina was settled as the main NSW grain producing region in the late 19th century but it was much closer to Melbourne than Sydney. Grain was carted across the border at Echuca. NSW was a free trade colony but Victoria was a protectionist colony. Thus towns developed each side of the river at crossing points – Wodonga and Albury; Wahgunyah and Corowa; Echuca and Moama. The railways were pushed up much sooner from Melbourne than from Sydney and grain was transported by rail from Echuca by the mid-1870s. NSW railway lines only reached Riverina towns in the 1890s and even later. So the Echuca district was directly interested in the benefits of federation especially the abolition of tariffs and customs but the other great issue was the control of the Murray River and its waters. In NSW Sir Henry Parkes pushed for federation and the other colonies waited to see if NSW would push ahead with the idea as their approval was always going to be crucial. Parkes began the push for federation in speeches in 1881 and again more seriously in 1889. The first national constitution convention was held in 1891 in Sydney. In the next couple of years the localised Australian Natives Association formed many more branches and became a national movement. Along the River Murray the Border Federation League was formed in Corowa and soon spread to Echuca/Moama and other regional towns. It was at a meeting of the Border Federation League in 1893 that Dr John Quick of Bendigo moved a motion to provide a process to achieve federation. This was something the arguing statesmen and politicians could not achieve. He moved that colonial parliaments should pass enabling legislation to send delegates to a national convention to adopt a constitution. From this point on the federation movement gained great impetus especially with support from the Riverina and river towns like Echuca. The movement culminated in the inauguration of the Commonwealth on January 1st 1901.
Apart from the River Murray providing a smooth navigable surface for transportation the river flats near Echuca led to the development of the major industry of the town- timber milling. River red gum timer was railed from Echuca all over Victoria for its railways. River red gum railway sleepers were transported down the Murray from Echuca to Morgan to build the Kapunda to Morgan railway in 1878. By 1869 one of several the timber mills in Echuca covered six acres. Logs were taken from the Barham forests and the Goulburn River valley and transported downstream to Echuca. But the Murray provided more for the town. The supply of timber made Echuca one of the major paddle steamer building sites along the Murray. Red gums provided wood for the boats and wood for their boilers. A slipway was soon erected in Echuca and the first steamer rolled into the river in 1864 but one earlier boat, without the assistance of a slipway, was constructed in 1858. Echuca had constructed 48 paddle steamers and 54 barges by 1895. Eighteen of the 48 paddle steamers were built between 1874 and 1878. The boat building stopped in the 1920s. Several foundries in the town produced ship bells and other equipment. The river trade led to wool scouring or fellmongering, boiling down works and tanneries. All these hard manual workers required alcohol and Echuca had several major breweries in the 19th century. The growth of the town surrounded by farmers or selectors led to conflict between the big squatter ad sheep shearers and other labourers. This resulted in the famous burning of the paddle steamer PS Rodney in 1894. Australia suffered a major depression in 1890, banks collapsed as did the price for wool. When pastoralist’s tried to reduce shearer wages conflict and strikes emerged. Shearers unison were first formed in 1891. In Queensland this resulted in violent conflict between unionists and pastoralists and Banjo Paterson’s song Waltzing Mathilda covers this issue. The original lyrics were written in 1895 by Banjo Paterson and it was first published as sheet music in 1903. Paterson wrote the poem in 1894 while staying at the Dagworth Homestead (near Winton), where in September of that year some shearers went on strike before violence erupted.
Up came the jumbuck( sheep) to drink at the waterhole,Up came the squatter a-riding his thoroughbred;
Up jumped the swagman and grabbed him in glee; And he sang as he put him away in his tucker-bag,
'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS'You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUS
Up came policemen - one, two and three. Up sprang the swagman and jumped in the waterhole,
'Whose is the jumbuck you've got in the tucker bag? Drowning himself by the Coolibah tree;
You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me.' CHORUSAnd his voice can be heard as it sings in the billabongs,'Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?'
Near Echuca shearers went on strike in 1894 and camped along the river. One camp had 220 men in it by July 1894. They tried to block use of the bridge to Moama and the unloading of trains in Echuca with non-union shearers. In August 1894 trouble flared up. But it was near Pooncarie on the Darling River that a crew of boatmen from Echuca were moored on the banks of the Darling in the PS Rodney with non –union labour for an upstream station. The Rodney was built in Echuca in 1875. The non-unionists on board were thrown overboard and the crew allowed to leave and then the Rodney was set on fire. The news was not appreciated in the workers home town of Echuca. Only half a dozen of the arsonists were arrested, but then acquitted when tried by the Court in Broken Hill. Eventually one was convicted in a second trial in Sydney. By then the trouble had calmed down.
Some Echuca buildings to take note of starting at the entrance to the port of Echuca at Hopwood Place.
•The Bridge Hotel built by Henry Hopwood in 1858. Slate roof, round columns supporting the veranda and French doors which were so popular in the mid 1850s. Upper floor added circa 1875. Closed 1916 and became a residence then owned by the City of Echuca since 1970. Now a café.
•Across Hopwood Park is the Shire Hall/ Courthouse. Facade on Dickson St. Red brick and cement rendered quoins. Open ‘lacework” style balustrade along roof line. Triangular pediment above the door. It has simple Doric columns and porticos. Built in 1870. Architect W Vahland.
•The Star Hotel. Four sets of French windows in the upper floor. Built 1866-70 as offices for Permewan Wright who were carting agents. Sub leased to shipping agents etc. Now a hotel.
•William McCulloch and Co. Classical symmetry and arched doorway and windows and magnificent fan light above door. McCullochs early saw millers and later boat builders. Built in 1859 as a bond store for alcohol and tobacco. Kept by agents until bond tax paid. Used by McCullochs from 1889.
•589 High St. The Shamrock Hotel. One of the 86 colonial hotels in Echuca! Licensed 1870, as single storey hotel. Upper floor added around 1895 with classical small pediment and spire behind it. Note shamrocks in the wooden Edwardian veranda posts.
•The Echuca Hotel. Opened in 1858. The current building erected 1873. Symmetry, pilasters, classical rounded windows. Not a typical Australian pub building.
•In side street on left Leslie St. Former Customs House. Built in 1884 but earlier customs houses. Good brick work and slate roof. Part for the wharf river front buildings.
•Opposite the Customs House is the Steampacket Hotel. Claimed they were dedicated to the eradication of thirst! Built in 1864 as a single storey hotel. Rebuilt in the 1870s. Closed in 1900 and became a boarding house. Architect William Vahland. Return to High Street.
•645 High St. Bank of New South Wales. Erected 1877. Architects Reed & Barnes. Two level loggia with projecting ends and arcaded on lower level. A Greek classical revival style of bank.
•Colonial Bank of Australasia. Built in the classical style in the 1870s. Greek keystones above widows and ground floor doors. Lower windows rounded, upper window rectangular.
•Millewa Chambers. Built as a bond store in 1878. Beautifully restored and painted. Highly decorative with three classical urns on the central roof pediment. Arched symmetry and pilasters beside doors.
•On left is the combined Echuca Town Hall and Petty Sessions Courthouse. Built in 1869. Architects William Vahland and Robert Getzschmann of Bendigo. High St façade dominated by triangular pediment. Central section flanked by side wings. Used as a Courthouse until 1924. In 1954 became the town library only. Turn left here into Heygarth St before returning to High Street. The first section contains the Palace Hotel and the American Hotel. The first building opposite the old Courthouse is the former London Chartered Bank. Perfect symmetry with triangular pediment above central entrance. Architect Vahland. Built in 1882. Later an English Scottish & Australian Bank. Beside it is Dr Crosson’s Private Hospital and residence. Architect was William Vahland. Built 1875 with a cast iron balcony. Return to High St.
•Next is the modern Christ Church Anglican Church entrance but behind it is the original church built in 1865. It has a stained glass memorial window to Henry Hopwood. Architect William Vahland.
•Next left is Anstruther St. Turn left here. On the next corners another hotel built in 1895.On the opposite corner is a classical 19th century bank now the ANZ.
•In front is the Post Office with a three storey clock tower built in 1877. Government architects led by William Wardell designed this Italianate style Post office. An asymmetrical façade with a colonnaded loggia. Similar to Post Offices in Maryborough, Castlemaine, Warrnambool, Hamilton etc. Painted rendered brick. Turn right into Hare St.
•To the right on next corner is the former Presbyterian Church. St Andrews was built in 1901. Architect a local man E Castles. An impressive church with some unusual features – rose window, spire and black and white tiled sections in the gable and turreted tower. Worth the walk. Beyond the church is the Echuca state school no 208. Gothic in style with large windows for lighting. Gables facing street and arched entrance and tower. Built 1874. Some section rebuilt 1890 after a fire. Now return to the Post Office and continue along Hare St.
•Next is St Mary’s Catholic Church. Built in 1875 in red brick with freestone dressings. The tower is unusual with a spire which is almost too narrow, a brick balcony and turrets. Added in 1890.
• The five storey red brick flourmill is located at 2 Nish Street. Built in 1881 for Lawrence Kickham.
•The magnificent railway station one of the best in Victoria is at 104 Sturt St but there is a pedestrian overpass to give access from just beyond the flourmill in Nish Street. The huge locomotive shed was built when the railway opened in 1864. The station was built in 1865 in red brick with granite window sills and cornerstones. Welsh slate imported for the roof slates. The locomotive shed was partly used by the private railway company the Moama and Deniliquin railway which covered the 80 kms to Deniliquin.
•Corner Dickson and Connelly streets. Apsley House built around 1860 as the residence of Henry Hopwood. He died there in 1869. Sold to nuns of St Brigid in 1886 for a convent school.
This installation is titled Polyhedras. It looks really awesome at night.
"Geometry is universal across cultures and religions, across the globe, and even across the planets. "
dbg.org/events/light-bloom/2024-10-12/
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFelgzzzQqg
LIGHT BLOOM by HYBYCOZO is a limited-time exhibit where nature and light converge. This mesmerizing display invites you to explore the Garden transformed by stunning geometric light installations that illuminate the beauty of the desert landscape in a new way. As the sun sets, LIGHT BLOOM comes to life, casting intricate shadows and vibrant hues across the Garden. Wander the trails and let the enchanting installations transport you to a magical realm where the natural world meets the abstract.
HYBYCOZO is the collaborative studio of artists Serge Beaulieu and Yelena Filipchuk. Based in Los Angeles, their work consists of larger than life geometric sculptures, often with pattern and texture that draw on inspirations from mathematics, science, and natural phenomena. Typically illuminated, the work celebrates the inherent beauty of form and pattern and represents their ongoing journey in exploring the myriad dimensions of geometry. HYBYCOZO is short for the Hyperspace Bypass Construction Zone, a nod to their favorite novel (The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) and was the title of their first installation in 2014. They continue to create under this name. In the novel earth was being destroyed to make way for a bypass. It lead Serge and Yelena to ask what it means to make art at a time where the earth’s hospitable time in the universe may be limited.
dbg.org/meet-the-artists-behind-light-bloom/
Q: Walk us through your creative process?
A: The focus of our creative process is to explore the intricate interplay between geometry, light, space and to inspire contemplation, wonder and a sense of place among our audiences. Geometry and pattern-making serve as the backbone of our creative expression. It is the framework through which we navigate the complexities of form, proportion and spatial relationships. Patterns, both simple and complex, have a profound impact on our perception and understanding of the world. They possess the ability to evoke a sense of order, balance and aesthetic pleasure. Pattern making and geometry offer us a means of storytelling and communication. These patterns serve as conduits for deeper exploration, provoking introspection and contemplation to uncover the underlying symbols embedded within the human psyche.
Nestled between the Argylla and Corella formations in Queensland's northwest is Rigby Falls. The falls descend off a block of the Deighton Quartzite which here is shallowly dipping and contains a series of thick resistant sandstone intervals alternating with thinner ones. This has resulted in the falls descending in a series of seven tiers. Ripple marks from waves and currents are preserved in the sandstone in places. The dating of zircon suggests that this was deposited as sand around 1700 million years ago in the Calvert Superbasin.
Source: Rocks and Landscapes of Northwest Queensland by Laurie Hutton and Ian Withnall.
London trams employed conduit current collection - but only in inner London. In outer London conventional overhead wiring was used. This meant that on routes that crossed the border cars had to change between the two systems. This was done at 'change pits'. Here special staff would extract or fit the 'plough' whilst the conductor would lower or raise the trolley pole according to direction. This pit at Canning Town had become disused following the introduction of trolleybuses in about 1939. In May 1981 you could see rails, the conduit - and a scar in the cobbles where the pit for the ploughs had been filled in.
Despite this being private property I had clearly climbed over the wall! This would have been on a Sunday, so there would have been nobody to stop me.
Its all gone now.
Tram running on conduits. More details in comments.
T461 / ELP 185. With LT 2/38 – 5/53 AEC Regal 10T10
Photographer unknown. Vehicle identification by Tony Seal.
Location by JB (KK 69521).
The Queens York Rangers conducted driver courses at CFB Borden to qualify reserve members and build on skills in the field.
: Cpl Dominic Sobotka & Cpl Bogdan Nechita
La conduite hors route à son meilleur!
Les Queens York Rangers ont participé aux cours de chauffeurs à la BFC Borden afin de permettre aux membres de la Réserve d’obtenir leur qualification et de perfectionner leurs compétences sur le terrain.
: Cpl Dominic Sobotka et Cpl Bogdan Nechita
At the George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY
Contax IIa Black Dial camera 35 2.8 Carl Zeiss Biogon, Kodak Tri-X film