Portland is very progressive when it comes to environmental matters. Chicago can't even get a working recycling program off the ground.

Incomplete bin in place

Compost making exercise

Permaculture Design Certificate

With Nick Ritar + special guests

Alexandria, Sydney Australia

May-August 2010

www.MilkwoodPermaculture.com.au

Motta Filocastro, (secondo lo storico nicoterese Adilardi, il nome di questo paese è composto da Motta, Filos e castrum che significa piccolo ma delizioso paese, eretto su un monte e adatto alla difesa), oltre ad essere un bellissimo Borgo Mediovale circa 200 anni fà era sede del Comune..

Sorge sulla cima di una collina a 360 m sul livello del mare, lungo l’antica via Popilia, nel tratto tra Rombiolo e Nicotera.

Le sue origini si crede che appartiene al periodo fra il VII e il V secolo a.C. per opera dei greci di Locri, in epoca magnogreca, altri da Annibale ecc...

In altri documenti, inoltre, si afferma che Motta è stata costruita dagli stessi abitanti di Nicotera dopo che la città fu distrutta dall'emiro Hasan-ibu-Alì (950 d. C.).

Durante l’Impero Romano era un villaggio ad economia agricolo-pastorale, nel 946, divenne molto popolato, quando gli abitanti di Nicotera si trasferirono a causa delle terribili incursioni dei Saraceni.

Motta nel' IX divenne pure insediamento d’eremiti Basiliani, mentre nel' XI i Normanni ne popolavano la zona, il Conte Ruggero con il suo dominio nella città di Mileto fece erigere, a Motta un castello con 12 torri, dove nel 1097 Papa Urbano II lo visitò, venuto in Calabria allo scopo di mettere ordine nelle pratiche della Chiesa, visitò i castelli di Mileto e di Motta Filocastro.

Con il Regno degli Svevi per opera dell' Imperatore Federico II, Motta divenne centro Urbano ricco ed autonomo, la giustizia si narra era amministrata dai Cavalieri del Tocco che si riunivano proprio al Tocco, si narra che qui i cavalieri stabilivano i turni di guardia, oggi è un bellissimo balcone mozzafiato, (abbellito con sedili di marmo fatti venire da Napoli), dove si può ammirare lo stupendo panorama della Piana di Gioia Tauro, le montagne delle Serre e dell’Aspromonte, lo Stretto di Messina, parte della Sicilia e l’ETNA…

Nel 1260 a fronte della guerra guelfi e ghibellini le varie famiglie calabresi si schierarono contro gli Svevi, da qui in poi e continuando nel 1266 con gli Angioini, Motta ed in genere il meridione fu teatro di violenti sommosse e povertà.

Furono gli Aragonesi ha portare a Motta una nuova speranza, economica e culturale con l'allevamento del baco da seta...

Nel 1506 e per diversi secoli i Pignatelli duca di Monteleone (vibo valentia) ne continuò questa forma di collaborazione al benessere..

Motta alla fine del 1600 era dotato anche di un Ospedale, che serviva ai poveri e ai pellegrini e aveva giurisdizione sui villaggi di Branconi (Caroni), Mandraono (Mandaradoni), San Nicolo (San Nicola), Zimbadi (Limbadi), San Martino, Cassinadi e Mambrici.

Il centro era circondato da mura che ne garantivano ogni difesa, l'entrate da tre grandi porte.

I soldati dei Pignatelli nel 1638 andarano in aiuto alla vicina Nicotera per respingere degli attacchi dei Turchi..

Motta nel 1799 fu dichiarato Comune..

Con una legge del 19 gennaio 1807 il re di Napoli Napoleone Bonaparte elevò Limbadi ad Università nel governo di Nicotera.

Anni dopo, Motta, perse l'autonomia di Comune il 1 gennaio 1830 con un decreto emanato dal re delle Due Sicilie Francesco I., con l'annessione dell'ex Regno delle due Sicilie al Regno d'Italia, Motta divenne anch'esso teatro di scontri, a causa delle varie ingiustizie dei Savoia sul meridione, allorché il brigantaggio impedivano il traffico, effettuando sequestri di persona e uccisioni di possidenti, rendendo impossibile la vita e la coltura delle campagne.

La repressione fu dura e spietata: le teste dei briganti uccisi venivano esposte legate su dei pali ed esposte alla porta dell'Olmo porta principale d'entrata di Motta Filocastro.

Con il malessere economico e sociale nel 1906 nasce il movimento separatista mottese...al quale si erano associati anche i cittadini di Mandaradoni e San Nicola, che chiesero ripetutamente alle alte autorità del tempo il giusto provvedimento visto, la perdita dell'Autonomia di Comune, ma nulla purtroppo per loro tornò come prima.

En un moment indeterminat anterior al segle XIII, el primer edifici de la rectoria es va construir de manera aïllada al costat oest de l'església romànica. Amb el pas del temps i com a conseqüència de successives ampliacions, la casa acaba adossant-se al mur oest de l'església. Actualment, és un edifici de planta quadrangular, compost de planta baixa, pis i golfes, la façana principal està orientada al sud on hi ha un portal d'arc rodó, un rellotge de sol i una galeria superior amb arcades. Una passejada per l'interior de la rectoria permet veure algunes restes de l'antiga església romànica, ja que s'ha restaurat perquè siguin visibles.

El primer document on surt referenciada l'església data de l'any 945, en l'acta de fundació del monestir de Santa Cecília de Montserrat, on Riquilda, comtessa de Barcelona i esposa del comte Sunyer, llega a aquest cenobi l'església de Sant Llorenç d'Hortons, situada al terme de Gelida, amb el seu cementiri i sagrera. El monestir montserratí posseïa altres alous a Hortons, com el de Sorba, donat pel monjo Geldemir l'any 978. En un plet entre el senyor Umbert de Gelida i els habitants de l'alou de Sorba, es denuncià que Umbert obligava l'església de Sant Llorenç d'Hortons a lliurar-li una lliura de cera. Es va dictaminar que a partir d'aquell dia la cera havia de ser donada al monestir de Santa Cecília per la seva festivitat. L'actual església i l'ampliació de la rectoria responen a unes reformes del segle XIX.

patrimonicultural.diba.cat/?fitxa=220000001#

Descripció:

Església d'una nau rectangular, neoclàssica amb absis i campanar. Conté cinc altars, dos d'ells antics de guix, (el major antic de guix i la capella del Santíssim també antiga de guix i fusta i sostre amb voltes motllurades). Una bona part de la paret de migdia s'aguanta sobre la primitiva església romànica que fou trobada el setembre del 1977, i on es trobà també la portalada principal de grans dovelles amb motllura, una finestra de la mateixa època i restes de la possible primera pica baptismal. Aquesta pica té forma troncocònica amb lateral concavats i degut el seu estat és difícil d'apreciar si té decoració. A l'obra neoclàssica, s'hi aprecia una gran quantitat de pedres del temple romànic, perfectament carejades com les existents als murs romànics repicats el 1977. Annex existeix l'antiga Rectoria, ampli casal a dues vessants de planta, un pis i golfes d'arquets edificat en diferents èpoques, de molta personalitat: sostres de volta catalana gran sala repartidora on es guarden l'arxiu parroquial des del 1520 i documentació anterior del 1300, com també una trentena de pergamins.

Notícies històriques

A l'any 945, Riquilda, Comtessa de Barcelona i muller del Comte Sunyer, fill de Guifré I, el darrer comte investit pel rei franc, a precs de l'Abat Cesari, enceta un lot de donacions amb les quals s'afermarà el seu monestir de Santa Cecília de Montserrat. En aquest pergamí s'esmenta documentalment per primera vegada el terme de Gelida i l'església de Sant Llorenç d'Hortons, que és donada al Monestir amb el seu cementiri i sagrera (Jaume Pasqual: Sacrae Antiquitatits Cataloniae Monumenta, m. 729, vol. III de la Biblioteca de Catalunya, a Barcelona). Pica Baptismal. Aquesta pica fou trobada recentment en unes obres de recuperació de les parets romàniques de l'antiga església. La meitat que queda està encastada en un angle format per la part exterior del mur romànic i una paret moderna de l'actual sagristia. Sembla que aquest recinte havia servit de quadra, i que la pica, tal vegada, s'utilitzava per abeurador o sitja.

patmapa.gencat.cat/web/guest/patrimoni/arquitectura?artic...

I found this compost toupee incredibly funny when I saw it on the bench this morning (from cutting my partner's hair last night)

We're trying to cut down on plastic.

I made Pam a compost bin for her allotment.

The design was driven by the materials available: a pallet, portions of the neighbours demolished garage, and tongue-and-grove pine panelling.

Ned tying on spiked boots for a trip to the compost bin. It's still early enough in the season that the compost bin hasn't been plundered by raccoons or bears.

Young boys collect food for the worm compost bin after their class mates eat their lunch at the Downtown Value School, a charter school in downtown Los Angeles. The school uses gardens to teach students about gardening and also has a vertical garden, a flower and produce garden that goes around the school grounds and a small greenhouse. Los Angeles, California, USA

kibbutzlotan.com/

might as well be

for all it's worth

Vince starts a compost pile using some of the gathered grass clippings and horse manure.

This is our very first compost pile. It got full and we create a second pile. We have a nice sign asking people to not add anymore!

At Hankham Organics

Building compost windrows with the front end loader, while we get a delivery of food waste in the back.

At Hankham Organics

Rehomed the compost bins under the plum and pear tree.

They're sitting on concrete now, rather than space in the back corner that I could use for growing.

John Newling, 'Eliot's Notebooks', pages made from compost created from shredded copies of 'The Waste Land'. The Waste Land exhibition, Turner Contemporary, Margate.

> Rule of Thirds

> Foreground Interest and Depth

> Frame Within the Frame

On-farm compost system for animal manure and other organic waste.

We don't seem able to eat artichokes. Kindly given as a gift from our allotment neighbours...

The mould down to very hot weather mainly!

July

Now published with 16 other photographs from this group:

Compostion

ISBN 9781-870736-17-6

17 large Premium colour photographs plus an Afterword

36 pages, 216 x 280mm, Hardback.

Retail price: £18 $25

Short Description: A book of 17 photographs taken of my compost caddy whenever I found the contents interesting because of the colours or composition of elements or both. The photographs were taken with natural light from a skylight which gives a variation in the speed and aperture used. This information is recorded on the facing page with date of capture. The camera used was always a Sigma DP2 with Foveon sensor.

See previews here:

stefan-szczelkun.blogspot.com/2018/09/compostion-advance-...

out at Oatlands, building a new compost bin. This is what will feed my garden next year. YUM.

At Hankham Organics

making compost tea, neem, mexican marygolds and manure

Home Composting Exhibit

O Parque da Lajinha tem 880.000m2 que se dividem em jardins, trilhas, lago, duas cachoeiras e área de mata nativa. Parque municipal, fundado em 1983, é um ótimo local para descanso e caminhadas.

Quiosques com banheiros e bebedouros, academia ao ar livre para exercícios, área para grandes eventos com palco permanente, orquidário e dois antigos bondes oferecem opções de lazer aos visitantes. Além disso, há no local um Centro de Educação Ambiental, com biblioteca voltada para os alunos da rede municipal de ensino e um relógio de sol.

A fauna do Parque da Lajinha é composta, predominantemente, por aves, peixes, répteis, artrópodos e mamíferos de pequeno e médio porte, vivendo soltos pela vegetação local. Em sua mata nativa destacam-se árvores como araucárias, eucaliptos, garapas e angicos. Além disso há bambuzais espalhados em volta do lago.

Especialistas em ecologia oferecem, com agendamento prévio, visitas guiadas nas trilhas do parque para escolas e grupos interessados em conhecer a natureza do local.

O parque é policiado pela Guarda Municipal de Juiz de Fora e não é permitido entrar no local com bebidas alcoólicas, equipamentos de som, bicicletas e velas. Menores de 14 anos só podem visitar o parque acompanhados por responsáveis.

Desde 1998 há a intenção de transformar o local num Zoológico, mas os custos para sua criação e manutenção inviabilizaram, até o momento, a execução do projeto.

This photo was taken at my home in Hyattsville, MD, where the city provides free basic compost equipment to improve the towns footprint. Composting is a form of recycling in which things such as plant litter, fruit and vegetable scraps, eggshells and much more are decomposed over time with the right balance of temperature, sunlight and moisture. The Compost Education Center defines compost as a biochemical process, and continues in depth by stating that biological life breaks down chemical bonds to turn organic waste materials into nutrient rich humus. The primary reasons for composting are for use in gardens and agriculture practices because composting greatly benefits multiple soil conditions. The US Composting Council explains why compost aids soil factors and why this helps gardeners and agricultural specialists. Adding compost to soil increases the soil moisture holding capacity, which is beneficial to many areas affected by poor soil qualities. Personally, my hometown of Toms River, New Jersey has a soil profile that is 88% sand, making my garden a Sandy Loam, which drains water very rapidly as the particles are very coarse and water does not stick to them. Additions of compost to my soil has aided in the soil’s ability to hold water more efficiently, reducing runoff and keeping plant structures more stable. Another benefit to composting is that the organic matter stimulates biological activity, increases the amount of soil nutrients and microorganisms, the soil pH and the soil structure are stabilized, and compost matter improves the retention of soil fertilizers. The process of composting allows microorganisms such as actinomycetes, mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and fungi to break down organic matter. After the compost temperatures are lowered and bacteria and fungi die off, macroorganisms such as earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris), red wigglers (Eisenia foetida), sow bugs (Oniscidea spp.), mites and centipede species will move in and physically break down the remaining organic matter through the processes of chewing, grinding and excreting as explained by the Compost Education Center. Compost has many beneficial factors, however one of the most noted factors is the reduction of landfill usage and reduction of methane production. It is common knowledge if you have ever visited a landfill that decomposing material in anaerobic conditions releases high levels of methane into the environment. Because the bulk of this material being broken down is food waste from residential homes, offsetting the amount of this waste that reaches the landfill greatly reduces the methane production levels and therefore, lowers greenhouse gas emissions. This ties into the Sustainable Development Goal #13- Climate Action. The Government of Western Australia’s Agriculture and Food Department states that methane is 26 times more potent compared to carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas and therefore, contributes a much higher impact on global warming. Since composting is aerobic, methane producing microbes are inactive in the chemical breakdown. Another way to improve climate change is by reducing the transportation of rates of waste materials to landfills, which reduces greenhouse gas emitting- fossil fuels needed. Lowering the amount of methane released into the environment lowers our greenhouse gas emissions, which helps in fighting climate change, something that is becoming a very real issue by the day.

Sources:

compostingcouncil.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/GHG-a...

www.agric.wa.gov.au/climate-change/composting-avoid-metha...

compost.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Compost-Ecology-...

sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13

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I'm testing using Turkey Tail and Red Reishi blocks to myceliate Tulip Poplar sawdust before using it as a compost or mulch input. Commercial mushroom compost inoculates compost output, growing mushrooms but depleting nutrients and elevating the compost's salt content.

Table scraps plus wiggly worms equal vermicompost. A complete how-to is available from OSU Extension. ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/23... (Photo by Michael Noack and Sally Noack.)

in the spirit of "compost everything" I put these in the dalek.

All that's left is elastane, the cotton's completely disappeared

The compost is kept covered by a plastic tarp to retain moisture and the whole bin has a sliding tin roof on top. One end has a full piece of plywood and this end has two pieces to make it easier to unload when the time comes.

Petals from Mothers Day and not a great diet!

March

Now published with 16 other photographs from this group:

Compostion

ISBN 9781-870736-17-6

17 large Premium colour photographs plus an Afterword

36 pages, 216 x 280mm, Hardback.

Retail price: £18 $25

Short Description: A book of 17 photographs taken of my compost caddy whenever I found the contents interesting because of the colours or composition of elements or both. The photographs were taken with natural light from a skylight which gives a variation in the speed and aperture used. This information is recorded on the facing page with date of capture. The camera used was always a Sigma DP2 with Foveon sensor.

See previews here:

stefan-szczelkun.blogspot.com/2018/09/compostion-advance-...

This has now settled to about 50% volume of the original pile. It is frozen on the edges and top but still hot in the inside.

I have 3 in a row which are rotated.

One long panel is split lengthways and used to start the build. One short panel is split lengthways and used at the top to finish the build.

At Wowo campsite, which has got to be one of the loveliest campsites anywhere.

For more info and bookings see www.wowo.co.uk

Community garden compost bin

Wooden box, toilet seat, hidden bucket. Next to the composting toilet, barely visible is a container with saw dust. For more info, please read Humanure by Jenkins.

I decided to screen some of our compost tonight. I realized I haven't been turning it well enough because the stuff on the bottom was pretty wet and smelled terrible.

Trying not to smell, I screened some of the compost to see what it looked like and.... it looked good enough to me... so I mulched a few things.

How do you know when your compost is complete?