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Vua Thành Thái tên húy là Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân (阮福寶嶙), còn có tên là Nguyễn Phúc Chiêu (阮福昭). Ông là con thứ 7 của vua Dục Đức và bà Từ Minh Hoàng hậu (Phạm Thị Điểu), sinh ngày 22 tháng 2 năm Kỷ Mão, tức 14 tháng 3 năm 1879. Năm ông bốn tuổi, vua cha Dục Đức bị phế và chết trong tù. Đến nǎm được chín tuổi, vì ông ngoại là Phạm Đình Bình (làm quan Thượng thư bộ Hộ) bị vua Đồng Khánh bắt giam rồi bỏ cho chết, Bửu Lân lại phải cùng mẹ lên kinh đô, chịu sự quản thúc, sống trong cảnh thiếu thốn.
Ngày 28 tháng 1 năm 1889, vua Đồng Khánh mất vì bệnh. Khi đó con vua Đồng Khánh mới 3 tuổi nên không nối ngôi được, triều đình Huế xin ý kiến của Khâm sứ Trung kỳ Pierre Paul Rheinart. Ở tòa khâm sứ lúc này có ông Diệp Vǎn Cương đang làm thông ngôn. Diệp Vǎn Cương lấy bà cô ruột của Bửu Lân, và cũng có cảm tình thương hại vua Dục Đức, nên cố tìm cách cho cháu mình lên ngôi. Ông dịch cho Khâm sứ Rheinart nghe hoàn toàn khác với ý của Viện cơ mật. Vì thế Bửu Lân được chọn lên ngai vàng. Bà Phạm Thị Điểu nghĩ tới cảnh vua Dục Đức và thảm kịch bốn tháng ba vua trước đây nên khóc lóc, không đồng ý, phải khuyên giải mãi mới ưng thuận.
It is rumoured that Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, requisitioned this clock to be built because he was sick of the garrison being tardy. Today it is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Halifax.
I like this picture because of the beautiful symmetry of the Palladian design. I also like how the clouds look behind the tower with the small pockets of blue sky peering through.
Shiraz Citadel clip from my Iran travel video "Persia Now and Then”, which you can watch in MP4 at:
www.adventurepics.com/IBE/video1.aspx?VF=Persia.MP4
The Iran Still Pictures Gallery is at:
intrepidberkeleyexplorer.com/Page43.html
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www.adventurepics.com/IBE/video1.aspx
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The famous Qala-i Ekhtyaruddin of Herat that withstood many seiges. This structure is in relatively better shape than many other historical monuments in Herat, thanks to conservation efforts.
One of the restored rooms within the citadel in Aleppo, paid for by the Aga Khan's Institute for Ismaili Studies.
Jabal al-Qal'a, also called Amman Citadel is a national historic site at the center of downtown Amman, Jordan. Known in Arabic as Jabal al-Qal'a, (جبل القلعة) , the L-shaped hill is one of the seven jabals that originally made up Amman. Evidence of occupation since the pottery Neolithic period[1] has been found, making it among the world's oldest continuously inhabited places.
The Amman Citadel’s history represents significant civilizations that stretched across continents and prospered for centuries, as one empire gave rise to the next. It also symbolizes the birth of the three great monotheistic religions - Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Settlement at the Citadel extends over 7,000 years. The site represents a passage in time with an astounding open-air museum to explore as a part of the heritage of mankind.
Though the fortification walls enclose the heart of the site, the ancient periods of occupation covered large areas. Historic structures, tombs, arches, walls and stairs have no modern borders, and therefore there is considerable archaeological potential at this site, as well as in surrounding lands, and throughout Amman.
The Amman Citadel is also the site of Jordan Archaeological Museum, which is home to a collection of these artifacts as well as objects from other Jordanian historic sites.
A great part of the Citadel remains unexcavated.
Citadel de Namur, Europe's largest of this kind. Wikipedia says;
The Citadel or Castle of Namur is a fortress in the city of Namur, at the confluence of the Sambre and Meuse rivers.
It is originally from the Roman era, but has been rebuilt several times. Its current form was designed by Menno van Coehoorn, and improved upon by Vauban after the siege of 1692. It has been classified as a Wallonia's Major Heritage site.
Hue has plenty to offer visitors: it's a pleasant city, set along the banks of the Perfume River and boast some of the countries most important Imperial monuments.
Take a look at my travel blog for more on Hue, Vietnam, Asia and the world: inmyshoestravel.com/hue/
Walls of the citadel showing shell damage from German artillery during WWI. The citadel was constructed in the 16th Century and gradually rebuilt over three centuries.
The Citadel of Qaitbay (or the Fort of Qaitbay) (Arabic: قلعة قايتباي) is a 15th-century defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast, in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1477 AD (882 AH) by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay. The Citadel is situated on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the Eastern Harbour
تقع هذه القلعة في نهاية جزيرة فاروس غرب الإسكندرية. وشيدت في مكان منار الإسكندرية القديم الذي تهدم سنة 702 هـ اثر الزلزال المدمر الذي حدث في عهد السلطان الناصر محمد بن قلاوون. وقد بدأ السلطان الأشرف أبو النصر قايتباي بناء هذه القلعة في سنة 882 هـ وانتهى من بنائها سنة 884 هـ. وكان سبب اهتمامه بالأسكندرية كثرة التهديدات المباشرة لمصر من قبل الدولة العثمانية والتي هددت المنطقة العربية بأسرها وقد اهتم السلطان المملوكي قنصوه الغوري بالقلعة فزاد من اهميتها وشحنها بالسلاح.
Hue's citadel is a World Heritage Site. It's quite amazing as it's currently being rennovated (very well too), so some bits are like new and others are crumbling. The whole place was bombed a lot in the Vietnam/American war. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF