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The Citadel high above downtown Amman. All the great civilizations of this part of the world occupied here and rebuilt. We see here Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic period ruins.
The Citadel of Qaitbay (or the Fort of Qaitbay) (Arabic: قلعة قايتباي) is a 15th-century defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast, in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1477 AD (882 AH) by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay. The Citadel is situated on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the Eastern Harbour
تقع هذه القلعة في نهاية جزيرة فاروس غرب الإسكندرية. وشيدت في مكان منار الإسكندرية القديم الذي تهدم سنة 702 هـ اثر الزلزال المدمر الذي حدث في عهد السلطان الناصر محمد بن قلاوون. وقد بدأ السلطان الأشرف أبو النصر قايتباي بناء هذه القلعة في سنة 882 هـ وانتهى من بنائها سنة 884 هـ. وكان سبب اهتمامه بالأسكندرية كثرة التهديدات المباشرة لمصر من قبل الدولة العثمانية والتي هددت المنطقة العربية بأسرها وقد اهتم السلطان المملوكي قنصوه الغوري بالقلعة فزاد من اهميتها وشحنها بالسلاح.
The Citadel of Lille (French: Citadelle de Lille; Dutch: Citadel van Rijsel) is a pentagonal citadel of the city wall of Lille, in France. It was built between 1667-1670. It hosts the Corps de réaction rapide France.
Dubbed "Queen of the citadels" (Reine des citadelles) by Vauban, it is one of the most notable citadels designed by Vauban. It is remarkable for its size, the quality of the architecture, and the state of preservation today. Its various components have been classified as historic monuments in 1914, 1921 and 1934 respectively.
The AI-generated cliffs stand tall, a testament to the blend of virtual craftsmanship and the majesty of glacial forms.
The Citadel high above downtown Amman. All the great civilizations of this part of the world occupied here and rebuilt. We see here Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic period ruins.
Carcassonne is famous for its citadel, the “Cité de Carcassonne”, a medieval fortress whose construction began in the 11th century, on the site of earlier fortifications dating back to the Roman era. Carcassonne was an independent fiefdom in the medieval era and became a stronghold of the Cathars in the late 12th to early 13th centuries.
The Cathars were a Christian sect who rejected the ostentatious wealth of the Roman Catholic Church for a much simpler, egalitarian society. They were based in this south west region of France. This of course incurred the wrath of the Pope who declared the Inquistition and launched a bloody and barbaric Crusade to wipe out the Cathar heretics. The Papal Crusaders captured Carcassonne in 1209 and the city submitted to the rule of the kingdom of France in 1247.
During the Hundred Years' War, English forces under the command of Edward the Black Prince unsuccessfully besieged the city in 1355, although they destroyed the lower town. By the end of the 17th century the castle’s strategic significance was reduced and the fortifications fell into disrepair. Beginning in 1853 the theorist and architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began the decades long task of restoring the citadel. His vision was somewhat controversial as the style of the towers, turrets and other features was not necessarily very authentic. However, today it is generally regarded as a masterpiece of restoration and in 1997 was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Today it is France’s third most visited tourist attraction after Paris and Mont St Michel. Be warned, it gets horrendously busy in the peak summer period, if you’re planning a visit avoid July and August!
Built by Karim Khan the Great founder of the Zand dynasty (12th century). The citadel is located in North-West Shiraz and was right behind our hotel.
From ecstep.com/kastellet/ :-
On the King’s Bastion, in the southwestern corner of Kastellet, stands a windmill. Built in 1847, it replaced another mill from 1718 which was destroyed by a storm the year before. The original mill was a post mill while the current mill is of the Dutch type.
Since a fortified city needed secure supplies, including supplies of flour and rolled groats, in the event of a siege, numerous windmills were constructed on the bastions. In 1800, a total of 16 windmills were found on the ramparts of Copenhagen. The mill at Kastellet is the last which is still working.
Rayen Tries to Replace Bam in Attracting Tourists
Tehran, 4 December 2005 (CHN) -- 400 foreign tourists have visited Rayen Citadel throughout this autumn. Authorities believe that the main reason for this success is the good introduction of this historical site to the world.
photo: Diario di viaggio
Rayen Citadel is a historical site situated in the south-west of Rayen city and is considered the biggest earthen structure of Kerman province after Bam Citadel which was destroyed in an earthquake a few years ago. The monument dates back to the Sassanid era and covers a 20,000-square-meter area, remaining a symbol of the residential fortresses during the ancient times. Just like other fortresses, it consists of the public quarter and the aristocratic zone. The essential sectors such as Zoor khaneh (gymnasium for a traditional Persian sport), mosque, and stable can be seen in the citadel. Adobe is the main material used in its construction.
Last year the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Iran (ICHTO) announced the introduction of the citadel as part of its main programs. Since then, the citadel is gradually changing to a tourism destination.
Introducing Rayen Citadel in the international exhibitions of ITB in Germany and FITUR in Spain was the first step which was took by the ICHTO of Kemran province, and according to Mohammad Jahanshahi, director of the public relations department of the organization, that has been the main reason for the citadel's success in attracting 400 foreign tourists since the beginning of the fall.
Producing a 31-minute film about Rayen Citadel by Omid Mehr Varzan was one of the other measures undertaken for introducing the monument.
Right now a model of Bam Citadel with a size of 10x10 square meters is being created by one of the famous Kerman sculptors in one of the storehouses of Rayen Citadel. The aristocratic area of the citadel is under restoration and is not yet open to public visits. Two ancient industries practiced in Rayen city, weaponry and knife-making, are due to be revived there by establishing workshops in the area of Rayen Citadel. Setting up a traditional tea house near the citadel is one of the other programs for its tourism development. The hotel and restaurant which were built last year have started working and are ready to host tourists.
Natural and historical attractions of Rayen area are not just limited to the ancient citadel. Rayen, located on the foothills of Hezar Mountains and a beautiful waterfall, enjoys a favorable climate in Kerman province. The mountain with a height of 4465 meters is the highest mountain in Kerman province and the forth of Iran. Caraway, which is a famous seed of Kerman province, grows wild in these mountains.
Local residents believe that Rayen forces won in wars due to the quality of their handmade weaponry produced by locals.
It is believed that Rayen Citadel dates back to the Sassanid era, although what is remained today belongs to the Islamic period constructions, mainly Safavid era and afterwards.
Photographed in Hue Citadel. A vast 19th century palace complex largely destroyed by American bombing during the Tet offensive in 1968. The palace buildings are slowly being rebuilt. Hue is in Vietnam.