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Mark Scott and his team design some of the most elegant landscapes and homes in Southern California and beyond.
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Associated Students Child Development Laboratory teacher Adam Davidoff (Child Development, ’15) recorded video lessons about the alphabet from his living room, which were uploaded to YouTube to support homeschooling parents.
(Jason Halley/University Photographer/CSU, Chico)
William T. Williams
1969, Acrylic paint on canvas
William T. Williams began making ‘hard-edged’ abstract paintings at Yale, where he studied with artist Al Held. When fellow Black artists questioned him on his interest in abstraction, Williams pointed to improvisation in jazz, which he saw as abstract music. This painting was named after John Coltrane and may conjure the cascades of sound in his performances. Trane was made in New York in the same year that Williams – as a member of the Smokehouse Associates –created a number of abstract wall paintings in Harlem...
That year he also set up the artists-in-residence programme at the Studio Museum in Harlem.
[Tate Modern]
Part of Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power (July to October 2017)
Tres Rios Associate Field Manager Lindsey Eoff took her kids on a hike up to Spud Lake outside of Durango, Colorado. They enjoyed climbing downed tree limbs, playing with the beautiful lily pads and flowers, jumping in puddles and swimming in the lake!
Photo by BLM Colorado.
Image associated with the Emperor Augustus, featuring Capricorn holding the orb of the world. Cf. D. Wray, "Astrology in Ancient Rome: Poetry, Prophecy and Power" at the Fathom Archive of the University of Chicago Library Digital Collections. Here possibly to be associated with Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor.
Penn Libraries call number: GC5 K1467 529e
KIMBERLY J. MORGAN is associate professor of political science and international affairs at The George Washington University. Her research focuses on the politics of social policy in the United States and Western Europe, with particular interests in family policies, health care, and taxation. Morgan's book, “Working Mothers and the Welfare State: Religion and the Politics of Work-Family Policy in Western Europe and the United States,” was published in 2006 by Stanford University Press, and her articles have appeared in journals such as American Journal of Sociology, Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Politics & History, Social Politics, and World Politics. Morgan received an Investigators' Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to study Medicare reform, and recently completed, with Andrea Louise Campbell, “The Delegated Welfare State: Medicare, Markets, and the Governance of American Social Policy.” In 2006, she was elected to the National Academy of Social Insurance, and she serves as an associate editor of the journal Social Politics.
Morgan was a post-doctoral fellow at NYU's Institute of French Studies (2000-01) and a participant in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Scholars in Health Policy Research program at Yale University (2001-03). In 2008-09, she was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Hosted May 4, 2012. Miller Center, Charlottesville VA.
For more information, visit millercenter.org/
::準建築人手札網站 Forgemind ArchiMedia | 藤本壯介 Sou Fujimoto Architects + 宗邁建築師事務所 Fei & Cheng Associates - 台灣塔國際競圖提案 Taiwan Tower Competition Proposal::soma ZT GmbH / Martin Oberascher + 劉培森建築師事務所 Ricky Liu & Associates Architects+Planners - 台灣塔國際競圖提案 Taiwan Tower Competition Proposal::Dorin Stefan + DS Birou de Arhitectura + 賴朝俊建築師事務所 - 台灣塔國際競圖提案 Taiwan Tower Competition Proposal::Cook Robotham Architectural Bureau Limited, Peter Cook + 戴育澤建築師事務所 - 台灣塔國際競圖提案 Taiwan Tower Competition Proposal::HMC Group, Raymond Pan + 薛昭信建築師事務所 HOY Architects & Associates - 台灣塔國際競圖提案 Taiwan Tower Competition Proposal::
Premier Member of Landscape Design Advisor
Mark Scott and his team design some of the most elegant landscapes and homes in Southern California and beyond.
For more on this member, visit us at www.landscape-design-advisor.com and be sure to follow
Walmart associates attend the Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band concert Wednesday night during the week of the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
In smaller countries, like Croatia, where oil demand is low, and emission standards are poor, algae biofuel has the potential to significantly reduce reliance on foreign oil.
CCRES ALGAE TEAM
works on
Biodiesel from Microalgae
The oil from the algae can be used for any combustion process. An even wider range of use for algae oil is obtained by the transesterification to biodiesel. This biodiesel can be blended with fossil diesel or can be directly driven as pure biodiesel B100.
Biodiesel from microalgae has a comparable quality as rapeseed methyl ester and meets the standard EN 14214. At biodiesel production about 12% glycerin is produced as a by-product. This glycerin is a valuable resource for the production of algae in closed ponds, the heterotrophic processes. Thus, the entire algae oil can be used as fuel.
Fish Food
Algae provide a natural solution for the expanding fishing industry:
High-protein fish food
Replacement for existing fish meal production
Algae have nutrients of many young fishes available
The fishing industry recorded an annual growth of over 10% and, according to experts, will beat the global beef consumption in 2015.
The Technology developed by CCRES offers the opportunity to deliver part of the needed proteins for fish farming on the resulting algal biomass.
Protein for the food industry
The demand for high-quality protein for the food industry has been growing rapidly over the years.
The big growth opportunities are:
Weight control
Fitness and Sports Nutrition
Food supplements
The market volume in the protein sector is continously growing and at the rate of US $ 10.5B in 2010 and according to experts, will steadily increase to approx. $25B until 2030.
“There is intense interest in algal biofuels and bioproducts in this country and abroad, including in US,Australia, Chile, China, the European Union, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, and others,” says Branka Kalle, President of Council Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES).
Advantages algae has over other sources may make it the world’s favored biofuel. Algae could potentially produce over 20 times more oil per acre than other terrestrial crops.Algae avoids many of the environmental challenges associated with conventional biofuels.Algae does not require arable land or potable water, which completely avoids competition with food resources.
“The Asia Pacific region has been culturing algae for food and pharmaceuticals for many centuries, and these countries are eager to use this knowledge base for the production of biofuels,”says Zeljko Serdar, President of CCRES.
Without sustained high prices at the pump, investment in algae will likely be driven by demand for other products. In the short term, the growth of the industry will come from governments and companies seeking to reduce their environmental impact through carbon collection.
CCRES ALGAE TEAM
part of
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES)
Objavio CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 27th October 2012
Oznake: algae Algae Astaxanthin CCRES CCRES - ALGAE AND BIOFUEL CCRES ALGAE TEAM CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES HCOIE HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE
2 Prikaz komentara
CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES2. studenoga 2012. u 08:18
Growing algae for biofuel not only provides a viable source of alternative energy, but also yields significant economic benefits.
Minimal land use
Algae require much less land than traditional row crops, such as corn. In addition, algae can grow on non-arable, nutrient-poor land that won’t support conventional agriculture.
High yielding
Algae grow quickly at a large scale and can potentially generate up to 50 times more the amount of oil per acre than row crops, like corn and soybeans, which produce vegetable oil.
Non-competitive with agriculture
Production of algae for biofuel doesn’t require arable land needed for food production, fresh water for irrigation, or application of petroleum-based fertilizers. Algae farms can thrive and expand without taking land that’s needed for crops.
Renewable energy usage
Sunlight is the original source of all liquid fuels. Algae use photosynthesis to capture sunlight energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates, creating a natural biomass oil product.
Security
Algae biofuels create a sustainable pathway to energy independence.
CCRES ALGAE TEAM
OdgovoriIzbriši
CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES30. studenoga 2012. u 16:45
Green Car Congress reports that biodiesel derived from microalgae, yeast, and bacteria can effectively outperform both petroleum diesel and biodiesel produced from plant oils, according to the findings of a new study by a team from Utah State University.
The researchers, who reported their results in a paper published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels, examined the properties, engine performance, and emissions for biodiesel produced from the microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis; the yeast Cryptococcus curvatus; and the bacterium Rhodococcus opacus, all compared with commercial soybean biodiesel.
From the study: While biodiesel derived from plant seed oils has advantages as a replacement for petroleum diesel, there is strong interest in the potential for biodiesel produced from microbial derived oils because of potential use of contaminated water, the diversity of oils that can be produced, use of marginal lands, and potential for higher oil yields per acre. Three different groups of microbes are known to produce high neutral oils including select microalgae, bacteria, and yeast.
Plant-based oils, commonly used to produce biodiesel (e.g., soybean, canola, and sunflower) are similar to one another in terms of fatty acid composition, containing primarily C16 and C18 fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation. Microbial oils, however, can differ substantially and may contain uncommon fatty acids that differ in both chain length and structure.
This study demonstrates that microbial-derived biodiesel shows comparable properties in the parameters tested to soybean biodiesel. Future wide scale use of microbial oils as a source for biodiesel will require advances in large-scale cultivation, dewatering, and oil extraction.
OdgovoriIzbriši
CCRES Welcome to CCRES Aquaponics!
Klasično Kartica Časopis Mozaik Bočna Traka Snimka Vremenski Prikaz
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Crayonne "Input" ABS Plastic series
Design by Martin Roberts & Conrad Associates (UK) in 1973
5 Colored Insulated Ice Bucket "Input 14" from my collection ...
this "Input" series won the "UK Living Award for Good Design" in 1974
the Ice Bucket "Input 14" of this series is present on the NewYork MOMA collection : www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=4309...
More about this series @ VADS Design On-line Magazine (04/1974 issue) : vads.ahds.ac.uk/diad/article.php?title=304&year=1974&...
More Original vintage pictures about this "Input "series @ VADS :
Premier Member of Landscape Design Advisor
Mark Scott and his team design some of the most elegant landscapes and homes in Southern California and beyond.
For more on this member, visit us at www.landscape-design-advisor.com and be sure to follow
Mary Wagner, Associate Chief, U.S. Forest Service introduced the speakers at the Chimney Rock National Monument Dedication Celebration held at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C., on Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. President Barack Obama designated Chimney Rock in the San Juan National Forest in Southwest Colorado as a national monument Friday, Sept. 21, 2012. A move that will help preserve 4,726 acres in southwestern Colorado surrounded by the Southern Ute Indian Reservation. The land will be managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service with assistance from local tribes. The site is deeply spiritual to the Pueblo people and other tribes. Chimney Rock was home to the Pueblo People 1,000 years ago and is culturally significant for Native American tribes. USDA photo by Bob Nichols.
Preah Khan (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន; "Royal Sword") is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII. It is located northeast of Angkor Thom and just west of the Jayatataka baray, with which it was associated. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. The temple is flat in design, with a basic plan of successive rectangular galleries around a Buddhist sanctuary complicated by Hindu satellite temples and numerous later additions. Like the nearby Ta Prohm, Preah Khan has been left largely unrestored, with numerous trees and other vegetation growing among the ruins.
HISTORY
Preah Khan was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. Unusually the modern name, meaning "holy sword", is derived from the meaning of the original - Nagara Jayasri (holy city of victory). The site may previously have been occupied by the royal palaces of Yasovarman II and Tribhuvanadityavarman. The temple's foundation stela has provided considerable information about the history and administration of the site: the main image, of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in the form of the king's father, was dedicated in 1191 (the king's mother had earlier been commemorated in the same way at Ta Prohm). 430 other deities also had shrines on the site, each of which received an allotment of food, clothing, perfume and even mosquito nets; the temple's wealth included gold, silver, gems, 112,300 pearls and a cow with gilded horns. The institution combined the roles of city, temple and Buddhist university: there were 97,840 attendants and servants, including 1000 dancers and 1000 teachers.
The temple is still largely unrestored: the initial clearing was from 1927 to 1932, and partial anastylosis was carried out in 1939. Since then free-standing statues have been removed for safe-keeping, and there has been further consolidation and restoration work. Throughout, the conservators have attempted to balance restoration and maintenance of the wild condition in which the temple was discovered: one of them, Maurice Glaize, wrote that;
The temple was previously overrun with a particularly voracious vegetation and quite ruined, presenting only chaos. Clearing works were undertaken with a constant respect for the large trees which give the composition a pleasing presentation without constituting any immediate danger. At the same time, some partial anastylosis has revived various buildings found in a sufficient state of preservation and presenting some special interest in their architecture or decoration.
Since 1991, the site has been maintained by the World Monuments Fund. It has continued the cautious approach to restoration, believing that to go further would involve too much guesswork, and prefers to respect the ruined nature of the temple. One of its former employees has said, "We're basically running a glorified maintenance program. We're not prepared to falsify history". It has therefore limited itself primarily to stabilisation work on the fourth eastern gopura, the House of Fire and the Hall of Dancers.
THE SITE
The outer wall of Preah Khan is of laterite, and bears 72 garudas holding nagas, at 50 m intervals. Surrounded by a moat, it measures 800 by 700 m and encloses an area of 56 hectares. To the east of Preah Khan is a landing stage on the edge of the Jayatataka baray, now dry, which measured 3.5 by 0.9 km. This also allowed access to the temple of Neak Pean in the centre of the baray. As usual Preah Khan is oriented toward the east, so this was the main entrance, but there are others at each of the cardinal points. Each entrance has a causeway over the moat with nāga-carrying devas and asuras similar to those at Angkor Thom; Glaize considered this an indication that the city element of Preah Khan was more significant than those of Ta Prohm or Banteay Kdei.
Halfway along the path leading to the third enclosure, on the north side, is a House of Fire (or Dharmasala) similar to Ta Prohm's. The remainder of the fourth enclosure, now forested, was originally occupied by the city; as this was built of perishable materials it has not survived. The third enclosure wall is 200 by 175 metres. In front of the third gopura is a cruciform terrace. The gopura itself is on a large scale, with three towers in the centre and two flanking pavilions. Between the southern two towers were two celebrated silk-cotton trees, of which Glaize wrote, "resting on the vault itself of the gallery, [they] frame its openings and brace the stones in substitute for pillars in a caprice of nature that is as fantastic as it is perilous." One of the trees is now dead, although the roots have been left in place. The trees may need to be removed to prevent their damaging the structure. On the far side of the temple, the third western gopura has pediments of a chess game and the Battle of Lanka, and two guardian dvarapalas to the west.
West of the third eastern gopura, on the main axis is a Hall of Dancers. The walls are decorated with apsaras; Buddha images in niches above them were destroyed in the anti-Buddhist reaction under Jayavarman VIII. North of the Hall of Dancers is a two-storeyed structure with round columns. No other examples of this form survive at Angkor, although there are traces of similar buildings at Ta Prohm and Banteay Kdei. Freeman and Jacques speculate that this may have been a granary. Occupying the rest of the third enclosure are ponds (now dry) in each corner, and satellite temples to the north, south and west. While the main temple was Buddhist, these three are dedicated to Shiva, previous kings and queens, and Vishnu respectively. They are notable chiefly for their pediments: on the northern temple, Vishnu reclining to the west and the Hindu trinity of Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma to the east; on the western temple, Krishna raising Mount Govardhana to the west.
Connecting the Hall of Dancers and the wall of the second enclosure is a courtyard containing two libraries. The second eastern gopura projects into this courtyard; it is one of the few Angkorian gopuras with significant internal decoration, with garudas on the corners of the cornices. Buddha images on the columns were changed into hermits under Jayavarman VIII.
Between the second enclosure wall (85 by 76 m) and the first enclosure wall (62 by 55 m) on the eastern side is a row of later additions which impede access and hide some of the original decoration. The first enclosure is, as Glaize said, similarly, "choked with more or less ruined buildings". The enclosure is divided into four parts by a cruciform gallery, each part almost filled by these later irregular additions. The walls of this gallery, and the interior of the central sanctuary, are covered with holes for the fixing of bronze plates which would originally have covered them and the outside of the sanctuary - 1500 tonnes was used to decorate the whole temple. At the centre of the temple, in place of the original statue of Lokesvara, is a stupa built several centuries after the temple's initial construction.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION
Microbial biofilms have been found degrading sandstone at Angkor Wat, Preah Khan, and the Bayon and West Prasat in Angkor. The dehydration and radiation resistant filamentous cyanobacteria can produce organic acids that degrade the stone. A dark filamentous fungus was found in internal and external Preah Khan samples, while the alga Trentepohlia was found only in samples taken from external, pink-stained stone at Preah Khan.
Walmart associates attend the Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band concert Wednesday night during the week of the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
UNDP Associate Administrator Rebeca Grynspan addressing northern Uganda Peace Conference
Credit: UNDP
The Postcard
This is the back of the Skegness clock tower postcard.
The Jolly Fisherman
Skegness is often associated with the railway poster 'Skegness is so Bracing'.
The poster, which features the Jolly Fisherman, was created by John Hassall (1868-1948). There is now a recently created statue of the Jolly Fisherman quite close to the clock tower.
The stamped date of the postmark is difficult to read. It looks like 1913, which would be about right - the stamp on the postcard features the 'Downey Head' of King George V which was engraved from a photograph by W and D Downey, the Court Photographers.
The Downey Head stamp was issued between 1911 and 1912, so in 1913 Nell must have had a stamp left over from the previous year, or maybe they were still being supplied.
W. & D. Downey
W. & D. Downey were Victorian studio photographers operating in London from the 1860's to the 1910's.
William Downey (14th. July 1829 - 7th. July 1915 in Kensington), who came to be known as the Queen's Photographer, was born in King Street in South Shields, a decade before commercial photography had become a reality.
William was initially a carpenter and boatbuilder, but in 1855 he set up a studio in South Shields with his brother Daniel (1831 - 15th. July 1881), and later established branches in Blyth, Morpeth and Newcastle.
Their first Royal commission was to provide photographs for Queen Victoria of the Hartley Colliery Disaster in January 1862.
In 1863 they opened a studio at 9, Eldon Square in Newcastle, in a building that was demolished in 1973. The same year William set up a studio in the Houses of Parliament and produced portraits of every parliamentarian of the day. The whereabouts of these photographs is unknown to this day.
William opened another studio at 57 & 61 Ebury Street in London in 1872 with Daniel continuing to manage the Newcastle branch.
The London studio enjoyed the patronage of Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales, with William taking photos at Balmoral and Frogmore during the 1860's. The first Royal image was of the Princess of Wales at the York Agricultural Show in 1865. The studio also produced the iconic carte-de-visite portrait of the Princess of Wales piggybacking Princess Louise. The studio received a Royal Warrant in 1879.
Downey used Joseph Swan's carbon process for their best work. In the 1880's Mawson, Swan & Morgan of Newcastle were the world's largest manufacturers of photographic dry plates, the convenience of which made photography a commercial reality. George Eastman spent some time there during the eighties, and afterwards invented the Box Brownie and roll film, ending the monopoly of studios on permanent images.
William Downey's son, William Edward Downey (1855–1908), managed most of the royal sittings during the Edwardian era.
Gladys Cooper, a child photographic model of the time, reminisces about the Downeys in her autobiography:
"I can remember the Downeys quite well – they were father and son. "Old" Downey was a very tall old man with a long white beard, and very red-rimmed eyes. He always wore a long frock-coat with a red ribbon in his buttonhole, and looked a dignified old gentleman, who was quite capable of receiving and greeting Royals with just the right manner of respectful homage.
It was considered a great honour to be photographed by "Old" Downey himself. He never "took" anyone lower than one of the Princesses, or perhaps a duchess now and then, if he felt in the mood. His staff treated him rather like Royalty itself, and, when he rode abroad in his carriage, they would stand round with rugs, cushions, etc., until he waved them aside in lordly fashion.
"Young" Downey (he was always known as "Young" Downey to distinguish him from his father) was a big man – or so he seemed to me then – with a bald head. He was an artist in his work, and used to say that he always knew the best side of anybody's face after one good look at them. He certainly made some fine photographs of the famous beauties of his time, and possessed the art of retaining character in the face of his sitter. I used to enjoy my visits to the Downey père et fils. "Young" Downey was very fond of children, and my sisters Doris and Grace and I had plenty of fun playing about in the great studio, or dressing ourselves up in the wonderful assortment of garments that he kept there".
William Downey's Personal Life and Death
William senior was married to Lucy, who had been born in Speenhamland, Berkshire in 1843, and they had one son and one daughter. He joined the Photographic Society (later The Royal Photographic Society) in December 1870. The 1891 and 1901 census records show that he was living at 10 Nevern Square, Warwick Road, Earl's Court, Kensington.
Downey's prized silver collection was stolen from his Earl's Court home in November 1914 – the burglary is said to have brought on his death 7 days before his 86th. birthday.
The Assassination in Sarajevo
Little did Nell know when she posted the card on Tuesday the 5th. August 1913 that 46 weeks later in Sarajevo, on the 28th. June 1914, 19 year old Gavrilo Princip would use a Belgian-made 1910 semi-automatic pistol to put a bullet into the jugular vein of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Princip fired only two bullets; the second inflicted a fatal abdominal wound on Franz's wife Sophie who, contrary to a popular myth, was not pregnant at the time - she was 50, and IVF had not yet been invented.
The world would have to wait another 64 years and 27 days for the world's first IVF baby - Louise Brown - to enter the world with a huge yell at Oldham General Hospital UK on the 25th. July 1978.
The Archduke died in his car before he could be driven to the Governor's Residence. His last words were said to be: "Sophie! Sophie! Don't die - stay alive for the children".
The assassination set in motion a series of events that led directly to the greatest human conflict that civilisation had ever known.
A Major Error
It was a conflict which might not even have happened had it not been for a stupid error - Franz Ferdinand's chauffeur went the wrong way during a cavalcade.
He unwittingly stopped the car in a dead-end in front of Gavrilo Princip, thereby giving him an unobstructed opportunity to take the shots.
If the chauffeur had practised the route the day before, the Great War might never have happened.
An Associate Degree in Science at The Finch Gallery
November 14, 2008
EC Brown curated "Liv Ullmann, Anaerobic Digestion, Post-Psychiatry"
and
Catie Olson curated Spiderbug short film screening: The pH Show
Frank DiGiovanni
Brandon Heuser
Michael Morris
Richard O'Sullivan
DOE Omni research associate Calvin Condie working on the rotating detonating engine with his mentor Donald Ferguson at the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, West Virginia. Calvin is working in the Energy Conversion Engineering division. His project is the development of high signal-to-noise ratio ion probe with variable resistance for testing of Rotating Detonation Engines. In this project, Calvin is involved in designing an automated circuit for a probe to measure flow conductivity in a combustion experiment that will make adjustments based on the measurement environment. In addition, he will utilize existing and possible new data to help train a neural network in order to provide a measure of combustion stability.
The banana spray graffito is closely associated with the German artist Thomas Baumgärtel, who is also known as the "banana sprayer". Since the 1980s, Baumgärtel has been marking art venues such as galleries and museums with his characteristic banana motif, which is considered the unofficial logo of the art scene. These bananas are not only a humorous symbol, but also a sign of quality and recognition in the art world. Baumgärtel's work plays an important role in the urban art scene and is often seen as a bridge between art and the public. His bananas can be found in over 3000 locations worldwide and each one is a statement for the freedom of art and the importance of cultural places.
The Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf is an art museum that exhibits works of art and design objects from the Middle Ages to the present day. The museum was built in 1925/26 and is a historic ensemble in the Ehrenhof. The museum reopened in the fall of 2023 after a long closure and a major renovation that cost 50 million euros. The renovation included technical upgrades, a redesign of the collection areas, and a new restaurant. The outdoor area has also been upgraded to provide a higher quality experience for visitors. The Kunstpalast is now a future-oriented museum that meets international standards.
3 sets of 5 images HDR -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 and then the 3 sets focus stacked
The designed landscape was created in stages during the later 17th and 18th Centuries and was associated with both an earlier and the present house. Its principal creator in the first half of the 18th Century was Baron Clerk. It is of outstanding importance in the development of landscape gardens in Britain because it represents the transition from Baroque regularity to naturalistic landscape, with features from its programme of development well preserved, all within an outstanding natural wooded scenery. The eighteen structures and monuments within the landscape provide focal points for this picturesque aesthetic.
Two of the key architectural features created by the Baron at Penicuik - the Knights Law Tower and the Hurley Cave - are seminal examples of their type in Scotland, as well as being early examples in Britain as a whole.
Baron Clerk was the most advanced and articulate theorist on landscape gardening in Scotland during the first half of the 18th century. Although some of his ideas drew upon concepts of landscape design just beginning to be disseminated in England, many were highly original. His ideas on architecture and landscape gardening were articulated in his long poem, "The Country Seat", and were put into practice at Penicuik.
The Hurley Cave and Ponds were commenced in 1740 and completed in 1742. Hurley Cave is an artificial tunnel about 40m long, approached by a bridge over the river and entered through a rusticated arch. The tunnel rises up a slope of about 10 degrees and is cut through rock at its centre. Near the middle of the tunnel, hollowed out of rock, is a domed chamber which contains the inscription "Tenebrosa occultaque cave" ("Beware of Dark and Hidden Things". Sir John had visited London in 1727 and again in 1733, when he visited Chiswick. It has been suggested that his design may have been influenced by Alexander Pope's garden grotto. The visitor experience of Hurley Cave was described by Sir John in his own words:
"No one can get across to it but by the mouth of a frightful cave. To those who enter, therefore, first occurs the memory of the Cuman Sibyl, for the ruinous aperture, blocked up with stones and briars strikes the eye. Then comes upon the wayfarers a shudder, as they stand in doubt whether they are among the living or the dead. As indeed certain discords set off and give finish to musical cadencies in such a way as to render the subsequent harmony more grateful to the ear, so does the mouth of this mournful cave, with its long and shady path followed by the light and prospect make the exit more delightful. For suddenly the darkness disappears, and it is as it were at the creation of a new world".
Associates : The Affectionate Punch (remixed)
Front cover
Fiction Records (1982)
FIXD 5
Artwork : Alan Macdonald, Baillie Walsh, Associates
Photography : Alan Macdonald