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St. Mary's in the Mountains Catholic Church
Virginia City is a census-designated place (CDP) that is the county seat of Storey County, Nevada, and the largest community in the county. The city is a part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Virginia City developed as a boomtown with the 1859 discovery of the Comstock Lode, the first major silver deposit discovery in the United States, with numerous mines opening. The population peaked in the mid-1870s, with an estimated 25,000 residents. The mines' output declined after 1878, and the population declined as a result. As of the 2020 Census, the population of Virginia City was 787.
History
Peter O'Riley and Patrick McLaughlin are credited with the discovery of the Comstock Lode. Henry T. P. Comstock's name was associated with the discovery through his own machinations. According to folklore, James Fennimore, nicknamed Old Virginny Finney, christened the town when he tripped and broke a bottle of whiskey at a saloon entrance in the northern section of Gold Hill, soon to become Virginia City.
In another story, the Ophir Diggings were named in honor of Finney as he was "one of the first discoverers of that mining locality, and one of the most successful prospectors in that region". Finney "was the best judge of placer ground in Gold Canyon", locating the quartz footwall of the Ophir on 22 February 1858, the placers on Little Gold Hill on 28 January 1859, and the placers below Ophir in 1857.
After the discovery of the Comstock Lode in 1859, the town developed seemingly overnight on the eastern slopes of Mount Davidson, perched at a 6200-foot elevation. Below the town were dug intricate tunnels and shafts for silver mining. The Comstock Lode discovery and subsequent growth of Virginia City was unequaled by the history of other precious metal discoveries.
Virginia City's silver ore discoveries were not part of the California Gold Rush, which occurred 10 years before. At the time of the discovery of the Comstock Lode, silver was considered the monetary equal of gold, and all production was purchased by the federal government for use in coinage. In 1873, silver was demonetized by the government, in large part due to the flood of silver into international markets from the silver mines of Virginia City.
Technical problems plagued the early mining efforts, requiring the development of new mining technology to support the challenge. German engineer Philip Deidesheimer created a timbering system for mining tunnels called square sets, which enabled the retrieval of huge amounts of silver ore in a safe manner. Square set timbering, roots blowers, stamp mills, the Washoe Pan milling process, Cornish pumps, Burleigh machine drills, wire woven rope, miners' safety cages and the safety clutch for those cages; even the Sutro tunnel all had a place in supporting the exploitation of the rich ore body. As technological advancements, these were used many times over in later mining applications. In 1876 one observer reported that in Virginia City, "every activity has to do with the mining, transportation, or reduction of silver ore, or the melting and assaying of silver bullion." By 1876 Nevada produced over half of all the precious metals in the United States. The Comstock produced silver and gold ore valued at hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. The wealth supported the Northern cause during the American Civil War and flooded the world monetary markets, resulting in economic changes.
Like many cities and towns in Nevada, Virginia City was a mining boomtown; it developed virtually overnight as a result of miners rushing to the Comstock Lode silver strike of 1859. But, Virginia City far surpassed all others for its peak of population, technological advancements developed there, and for providing the population base upon which Nevada qualified for statehood. The riches of the Comstock Lode inspired men to hunt for silver mines throughout Nevada and other parts of the American West.
Virginia City population increased from 4,000 in 1862 to over 15,000 in 1863. It fluctuated depending on mining output. US Census figures do not reflect all of these frequent changes. Nonetheless, Virginia City overnight became one of the largest cities in the American Southwest. For the 1880 United States census, Virginia City was even larger than some of today's largest cities of the entire US, such as Phoenix, San Diego, Jacksonville, and even Dallas. The city included gas and sewer lines, the one hundred room International Hotel with elevator, three theatres, the Maguire Opera House, four churches, and three daily newspapers. Many of the homes and buildings were made of brick.
With this center of wealth, many important local politicians and businessmen came from the mining camp. At its peak after the Big Bonanza of 1873 Virginia City had a population of over 25,000 residents and was called the richest city in the United States. Dominated by San Francisco moneyed interests, Virginia City was heralded as the sophisticated interior partner of San Francisco. "San Francisco on the coast and Virginia City inland" became the mantra of west coast Victorian entrepreneurs. Early Virginia City settlers were in large part the backwash from San Francisco and the California Gold Rush, ten years before. Mine owners who made a killing in the Comstock mines spent most of their wealth in San Francisco.
A San Francisco stock market existed for the exploitation of Comstock mining. The Bank of California financed building the financial district of San Francisco with money from the Comstock mines. The influence of the Comstock lode rejuvenated what was the ragged little town of 1860 San Francisco. "Nearly all the profits of the Comstock were invested in San Francisco real estate and in the erection of fine buildings." Thus, Virginia City built San Francisco. The Comstock's success, measured in values of the time period, totaled "about $400 million". Mining and its attraction of population was the economic factor that caused the separation of Nevada territory from Utah, and later justified and supported Nevada statehood.
The mining industry dominated Virginia City, making it an industrial center similar to those of the east coast. But the city retained some of its frontier flavor. The social history of the town has emphasized the high number of immigrants among its residents. Miners largely from Cornwall, England, where tin mines had been developed based on hard rock technology, flooded the Comstock. The new English immigrants were one of the largest ethnic groups. Many of the miners who came to the city were Cornish or Irish. In 1870, Asians were 7.6% of the population, primarily Chinese workers who settled in many western towns after they had completed construction of the transcontinental railroad. The Chinese filled niche markets, such as laundry workers and cooks.
Through time, the numerous independent Comstock mines became consolidated under ownership of large monopolies. A group called the Bank Crowd, dominated by William Sharon in Virginia City and William Ralston in San Francisco, financed the mines and mills of the Comstock until they had a virtual monopoly. By manipulating stock through rumors and false reports of mining wealth, some men made fortunes from the stocks of Virginia City's mines. When it appeared the Comstock Lode was finished, the city's population declined sharply, with ten thousand leaving in 1864 and 1865. By the late 1860s, a group of Irish investors threatened the Bank Crowd's control. John Mackay and partner James Fair began as common miners, working their way up to management positions in the mines. By purchasing stock in the mines, they realized financial independence. Their partners James Clair Flood and William S. O'Brien stayed in San Francisco and speculated in stock. The Irish Big Four (or Bonanza Kings), as the men were called, eventually controlled the Consolidated Virginia mine where the Big Bonanza was discovered in 1873. The next few years were some of the most profitable on the Comstock, as the Bank Crowd lost control to the Irish Big Four. Population reached 25,000 in 1875.
Mining operations were hindered by the extreme temperatures in the mines caused by natural hot springs. In winter the miners would snowshoe to the mines and then have to descend to work in high temperatures. These harsh conditions contributed to a low life expectancy, and earned miners the nickname of Hot Water Plugs. Adolph Sutro built the Sutro Tunnel to drain the hot spring waters to the valley below. But, by the time it was completed in 1879, the mines had substantially passed the intersection level, as their tunnels had been dug ever deeper. In 1879, the mines began to play out and the population fell to just under 11,000.
Great Fire of 1875
Between 1859 and 1875, Virginia City had numerous serious fires. The October 26, 1875, fire, dubbed the Great Fire, caused $12 million in damage. "The spectacle beggars description; the world was on fire...a square mile of roaring flames." When a church caught fire, Mackay was heard to say, "Damn the church! We can build another if we can keep the fire from going down these shafts." Though the Con. Virginia and Ophir hoisting works burned, the fire did not penetrate the Con. Virginia shaft and only reached 400 feet into the Ophir shaft. "Railroad car wheels were melted", "brick buildings went down like paper boxes", and two thousand were left homeless.
In ensuing months the city was rebuilt. A majority of the area now designated as the National Historic Landmark historic district dates to this later time period. However, the bonanza period was at an end by 1880.
Virginia City and Mark Twain
The writer and humorist Samuel Clemens, then a reporter on the local Territorial Enterprise newspaper first used the pen name Mark Twain in Virginia City in February 1863 Clemens lived in Virginia City and wrote for the Enterprise from fall 1862 until May 1864. His departure was to avoid a duel with a local newspaper editor upset over Clemens' reporting. Clemens returned to the Comstock region twice on lecture tours, first in 1866 when he was mugged on the Divide. The muggers relieved Clemens of his watch and his money. The robbery turns out to have been a practical joke played on Clemens by his friends. He did not appreciate the joke, but he did retrieve his belongings—particularly his gold watch (worth $300), which had great sentimental value. Clemens' book Roughing It (1872) includes this and other anecdotes about the city. Clemens' second return occurred in 1868 at the time of the hanging of John Millian, who was convicted of murdering the well-liked madam Julia Bulette.
Climate
Virginia City has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa) with warm to hot summers and cooler and rainier winters.
Economy
In the 21st century, Virginia City's economy is based on tourism. Many residents own and work at the shops in town that cater to tourists, while others seek jobs in the surrounding cities. Virginia City, a National Historic Landmark District, draws more than 2 million visitors per year. It has numerous historic properties that are separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The tourism supports an eclectic assortment of fine and casual dining experiences. Many lodging properties offer options to tourists wanting to stay overnight. Several bed and breakfast facilities are based in restored historic homes including: the B Street House Bed and Breakfast, previously the Henry Piper House, which is listed on the National Register; Edith Palmer's Country Inn and Core Restaurant in the restored 1860s Cider factory; and the 1876 Cobb Mansion.
Arts and culture
Virginia City is home to many interpretive museums and sites, including the Silver Terrace Cemetery, the Fourth Ward School Museum, the Pioneer Cemetery, the Fireman's Museum, the Way It Was Museum, Piper's Opera House, the Police Officer's Museum, St. Mary's Art Center, and numerous exhibits in businesses throughout town. Virginia City also hosts many unique and authentic event celebrations including cook-offs, parades, and Civil War re-enactments.
Virginia City Hillclimb
There is an annual hillclimb that runs from Silver City to Virginia City via Highway 341 (a truck route) that is put on jointly between the Ferrari Club of America Pacific Region and the Northern California Shelby Club. As of 2013, the event is officially open to performance vehicles of all makes. The event was put on first by Road & Track and the Aston Martin Club, the following year the SCCA took the same route, and later it was picked up by the Ferrari Owners Club. Highway 342 is now the return route for cars that have completed their runs up Highway 341. The hillclimb covers 5.2 miles (8.4 km), climbing 1,260 feet (380 m) and passing through 21 corners.
Museums and other points of interest
Virginia City retains an authentic historic character with board sidewalks, and numerous restored buildings dating to the 1860s and 1870s. Virginia City is home to many charming and informative museums. The Fourth Ward School Museum brings Comstock history to life in interactive displays, and a restored 1876 classroom. The four-story wooden school is the last one of this type left in the United States.
Among the attractions on C Street are the Bucket of Blood Saloon, the Delta Saloon with the Old Globe, the Bonanza Saloon with the Suicide Table, the Silver Queen, and the Red Dog Saloon, originally the 1875 Comstock House, located at 76 North C Street. The Red Dog Saloon gave many San Francisco rock musicians their start during the summer of 1965. Piper's Opera House occupies the corner of B and Union Streets and is open as a museum when not a host to shows and musical venues of many types. Piper's Corner Saloon was one of the longest continuously operating saloons of the nineteenth century.
Points of interest include the Comstock Historic Walking Trail, where hikers can view the Pioneer Cemetery, site of Julia Bulette's grave, the Combination Mine Shaft, and Sugarloaf Mountain. Other attractions include the Silver State Police Officers' Museum in the Storey County Courthouse, complete with jail cells from the 1870s; The Way It Was museum on Sutton and C Streets, the Fireman's Museum with authentic Victorian firefighting equipment on display, the Chollar Mine tour, Ponderosa Mine Tour, Silver Terrace Cemetery, Presbyterian Church dating to 1862, St. Mary's of the Mountain Catholic Church (c. 1876), St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and St. Mary's Art Center, offering lessons and retreats. Trolley tours, walking tours, Storey County Courthouse, Miner's Union Hall, Knights of Pythias Building, numerous historic shops and homes, the Old Washoe Club, and Miner's Park are other attractions.
Virginia City was declared a National Historic Landmark district in 1961, and has been carefully preserved to retain its historic character.
Also in Virginia City is the Silver Queen Hotel and Wedding Chapel,[38] which is famous for its picture of a woman whose dress is made entirely of silver dollars. The hotel was built in 1876 and includes a saloon.
The historic 1864 Union Brewery and saloon on 28 North C Street, frequented by Mark Twain, has been restored and reopened.
Notable people
Fred B. Balzar, 15th Governor of Nevada from 1927 to 1934; born in Virginia City
Lucius Beebe, author, gourmand, photographer, railroad historian, journalist, and syndicated columnist
Julia Bulette, English-born prostitute and proprietor of most renowned brothel
Charles Clegg, author, photographer, and railroad historian
Dan DeQuille, author, journalist, and humorist; wrote History of the Big Bonanza (1876) about the Comstock Lode
James Graham Fair, mine owner, partner to John Mackay
George Hearst, an early Superintendent of the Gould and Curry in 1860. Hearst made his first fortune at the Ophir mine on the Comstock Lode.
Harold A. Henry, Los Angeles City Council president; born in Virginia City
John Brayshaw Kaye, poet and politician; worked in the town in the 19th century
Richard Kirman Sr., 17th Governor of Nevada from 1935 to 1939; born in Virginia City
Ezra F. Kysor, architect in Virginia City from 1865 to 1868
John William Mackay, richest mining millionaire from the Comstock Lode
Albert A. Michelson, the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics (1907); grew up in Virginia City where his father was a merchant
Ferdinand Schulze, Prussian immigrant who became a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
W. H. C. Stephenson, early African American figure; founded Baptist church and advocated black suffrage
W. Frank Stewart, silver mine operator and Nevada state senator from 1876 to 1880
Marie Suize, Frenchwoman who operated a shop selling wines and liquors; arrested in San Francisco in 1871 for being dressed in male clothing
Adolph Sutro, industrialist, San Francisco mayor
"Professor" Jerry Thomas, legendary bartender, spent about a year (1864) either at the "famous" Delta Saloon or the Spalding Saloon on C Street (or both)
Mark Twain, iconic author, journalist, and humorist; worked for the local newspaper; his novel Roughing It is set in and around Virginia City
In popular culture
Author Louis L'Amour's novel Comstock Lode is set in Virginia City during the silver rush.
Virginia City is near the site of the fictitious Ponderosa Ranch on the Western television drama Bonanza. As such, the show's characters made visits to the town regularly. The Virginia City depicted on Bonanza was located at RKO Forty Acres in Hollywood.
It was the locale of the 1940 film Virginia City, set during the Civil War, and starring Errol Flynn.
The city appears in the 1944 film The Adventures of Mark Twain.
The city during its mining boom was the setting for most of the 1946 James M. Cain novel Past All Dishonor.
Virginia City und die wahre Geschichte des Wilden Westens ("Virginia City and the True History of the Wild West"), directed by Elmar Bartlmae, is a 2007 German documentary film.
"Darcy Farrow", a folk song written by Steve Gillette and Tom Campbell, mentions Virginia City and other places and landmarks in the area (including Yerington, the Carson Valley, and the Truckee River). The most popular version was performed by John Denver.
A significant portion of Julie Smith's 1987 novel Huckleberry Fiend, concerning the discovery of a lost section of the manuscript for Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, takes place in Virginia City. The actual missing holograph was located only four years after publication.
The 1973 Lucky Luke adventure L'Héritage de Rantanplan, created by Morris and Goscinny, is mainly set in Virginia City.
A filming location for the 1973 cult film Godmonster of Indian Flats.
(Wikipedia)
St. Mary's in the Mountains Catholic Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church located in Virginia City, Nevada, under the Diocese of Reno. Its historic church includes a museum about its history and a gift shop.
History
The first Catholic church in Virginia City, built by Fr. Hugh Gallagher in 1860, blew down within two years of construction. Gallagher's successor, Fr. Patrick Manogue, built its replacement shortly after his arrival on the Comstock.[3][self-published source] This structure was dedicated as St. Mary in the Mountains Church by Eugene O'Connell, Bishop of Grass Valley on July 17, 1864. Manogue would later become the first Bishop of Sacramento.
The area experience a massive influx of Irish immigrants during this period to work the mines. This necessitated the construction of a larger brick structure across the street, which O'Connell dedicated on November 20, 1870. This church burned in the Great Fire of 1875, but was rebuilt the following year.
Music
In 1982, the church acquired a third-hand, 1-manual and pedal, 6-rank, c. 1898 William Schuelke pipe organ which was relocated through the Organ Clearing House and installed by the local organ firm, the Miller Organ Company. It was installed on the front, left side of the nave. A matching case was built on the front, right side of the nave for the chimes which were playable from their own miniature keyboard. The Schuelke was originally built for Gjerpens Lutheran Church in Valders, Wisconsin, and had been relocated to a private residence in Green Bay before finding a home at St. Mary's.
(Wikipedia)
Virginia City ist ein census-designated place (CDP) im Storey County im US-Bundesstaat Nevada. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 787 ermittelt.
Sie liegt in der Region Reno-Tahoe auf einer Seehöhe von 1896 m am Abhang des 2398 m hohen Mount Davidson.
Geschichte
Virginia City ist eine der ältesten Siedlungsgründungen in Nevada und westlich des Mississippi. Ihre Bedeutung und starkes Bevölkerungswachstum verdankt Virginia City der Comstock-Erzader und späteren Silberfunden 1859 hier und in der Nähe von Carson City, der einen Goldrausch auch für Virginia City auslöste. Innerhalb kurzer Zeit stieg die Bevölkerung am Höhepunkt der Goldgräberzeit auf nahezu 30.000 Einwohner, nur um seit dem Ende der 1880er Jahre, als die Funde nachließen, wieder stark zu schrumpfen. Abraham Lincoln erhob Nevada nicht zuletzt deshalb zum Bundesstaat, um die Erlöse aus den Gold- und Silberfunden Virginia Citys für den Bürgerkrieg nutzen zu können.
Da die Comstock Goldader im Inneren des Berges immer breiter wurde, entwickelte Philip Deidesheimer hier ein Stützsystem, das später überall im Bergbau eingesetzt wurde. Comstock zahlte vier Dollar für einen Arbeiter im Achtstundentag. Die Arbeit war aber wegen der große Hitze im Inneren der Stollen sehr beschwerlich. Die Comstock Mine war eine der ersten weltweit, die mit Dynamit experimentierte, zuvor waren die Sprengungen mit Schwarzpulver durchgeführt worden. 1869 kamen 35 Bergleute bei einem Feuer im Yellow Jacket-Stollen in 250 Metern Tiefe ums Leben. Adolph Sutro plante danach ein Tunnelprojekt von Virginia City in die Carson Plains östlich des Gebirges, um die Stollen besser belüften zu können und bessere Fluchtmöglichkeiten zu schaffen. Als der Tunnel 1878 fertiggestellt wurde, waren die meisten Goldadern bereits versiegt.
1863 soll Samuel Clemens, der hier kurz in den Minen, aber später als Reporter für die Zeitung Territorial Enterprise arbeitete, zum ersten Mal sein Pseudonym als Mark Twain benutzt haben. In seinem Buch Durch dick und dünn beschreibt er diese Zeit.
In Virginia City gab es ein Opernhaus (Pipers Opera House) und rund 100 Saloons, einer der bekanntesten war der Boston Saloon, der 1864 von dem Afroamerikaner William Brown gegründet worden war, zu einer Zeit, als in vielen Bundesstaaten noch die Sklaverei herrschte. Julias Palace war zeitweise das bekannteste Bordell in der Stadt, die Betreiberin Julia Bulette (1832–1867) unter anderem Ehrenmitglied der städtischen Feuerwehr. 1875 verwüstete ein verheerender Brand große Teile der Stadt.
Das am 29. Juli 1965 im Red Dog Saloon in Virginia City veranstaltete Auftaktkonzert einer Auftrittsreihe der Band The Charlatans gilt als erstes psychedelisches Rockkonzert überhaupt mit entsprechend gestalteten Plakaten, freiem Tanzen und psychedelischer Lightshow.
Wirtschaft
In Virginia City wird das Geisterstadt-Image mit besonderer Inbrunst gepflegt. Praktisch die ganze Stadt steht seit dem Juli 1961 als Historic District unter Denkmalschutz und hat seitdem den Status eines National Historic Landmarks. Viele Häuser sind im Stil der viktorianischen Epoche restauriert worden. Verschiedentlich gibt es noch hölzerne Gehsteige, die von Saloon zu Saloon und von Souvenirshop zu Souvenirshop führen. In der Reisesaison beherbergt die Stadt heute etwa 800 Einwohner und wird alljährlich von etwa 2 Millionen Besuchern frequentiert. Jedes Jahr findet ein großes Bikertreffen statt mit etwa 30.000 aktiven Motorradfahrer-Teilnehmern. Das Treffen ist jedes Jahr auf das letzte Wochenende im September angesetzt.
Klima
Die Gegend ist sehr trocken, nur selten fällt Schnee oder Regen. Die Versorgung mit Trinkwasser war daher schwierig. Es wurden Kohlefilter zur Wasseraufbereitung verwendet. Bei archäologischen Ausgrabungsarbeiten der „Pipers Old Corner Bar“ wurden auch Mineralwasserflaschen aus Deutschland aus der 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts gefunden.
Persönlichkeiten in Virginia City
Julia Bulette (1832–1867), Prostituierte in Virginia City
Hobart Cavanaugh (1886–1950), Schauspieler, dort geboren
Richard Kirman (1877–1959), Gouverneur von Nevada (1935–1939), dort geboren
Albert A. Michelson (1852–1931), Physiker (Nobelpreis 1907), wuchs dort auf
Mark Twain (1835–1910), Schriftsteller, arbeitete dort
Virginia City in Fernsehen und Film
1940 spielte hier der Bürgerkriegs-Western Virginia City mit Errol Flynn unter Regie von Michael Curtiz.
Die TV-Serie Bonanza spielt im Umfeld von Virginia City, der Vorspann zeigt die Lage der Cartwright-Ranch am Lake Tahoe.
Virginia City: Die wahre Geschichte des Wilden Westens: Dokumentation über den Aufstieg der Stadt und die archäologischen Untersuchungen (Regie Elmar Bartlmae; Erstausstrahlung in Deutschland 2007)
Im Hörspiel Die drei ??? Geisterstadt, treffen sich Justus, Peter und Bob mit Mandy Taylor in Virginia City, da sie die drei mit der Suche nach ihren Partner Michael Oames beauftragen möchte. Virginia City wird hier als völlig ausgestorbener menschenleerer Ort beschrieben.
(Wikipedia)
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Walmart associates gathered in the Hyper Building on the University of Arkansas campus to practice dance moves, enjoy activities and spend time together. The associates traveled to Fayetteville, Ark. to attend the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
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Entrance to the Cinecittà studios
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for Cinema City) is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres, it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a scheme to revive the Italian film industry.[1]
World-renowned filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and Mel Gibson have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it.[2] In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."
The studios were founded in 1937 by Benito Mussolini, his son Vittorio, and his head of cinema Luigi Freddi under the slogan "Il cinema è l'arma più forte" ("Cinema is the most powerful weapon").[3] The purpose was not only for propaganda, but also to support the recovering Italian feature film industry, which had reached its low point in 1931.[1] Mussolini himself inaugurated the studios on 21 April 1937.[4] Post-production units and sets were constructed and heavily used initially. Early films such as Scipio Africanus (1937) and The Iron Crown (1941) showcased the technological advancement of the studios. Seven thousand people were involved in the filming of the battle scene from Scipio Africanus, and live elephants were brought in as a part of the re-enactment of the Battle of Zama.[5]
The studios were bombed by the Western Allies during the bombing of Rome in World War II. Following the war, between 1945 and 1947, the studios of Cinecittà were used as a displaced persons' camp for a period of about two years, following German occupation and Allied bombing that destroyed parts of the studio.[6] An estimated 3,000 refugees lived there, divided into two camps: an Italian camp housing Italians as well as displaced people from colonized Libya and Dalmatia, and an international camp, including refugees from Yugoslavia, Poland, Egypt, Iran, and China.[7]
After rebuilding in the postwar years, the studios were used once again for their post-production facilities. In the 1950s, Cinecittà, described as Hollywood on the Tiber, was the filming location for several large American film productions, like Roman Holiday (1953), Beat the Devil (1953), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Ben-Hur (1959), and some low-budget action pictures starring Lex Barker, who also starred in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960).[8] The studios were for many years closely associated with Fellini.[9][10]
Later, the studios were used for further international productions such as Francis of Assisi (1961), Cleopatra (1963), The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965), Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (1968), Fellini's Casanova (1976), La Traviata (1982) and many other productions.
After a period of near-bankruptcy, the Italian Government privatized Cinecittà in 1997, selling an 80% stake.[11] On August 9, 2007, a fire destroyed about 3000 m² (32,000 sq. ft.) of the Cinecittà lot and surroundings. The historic part that houses the sets of classics such as Ben-Hur was not damaged; however, a good portion of the original sets from the HBO/BBC series Rome was destroyed.[12] In July 2012, another fire damaged Teatro 5, the vast studio where Fellini filmed La Dolce Vita[13] and Satyricon (1969).[14][11]
Since the 1990s, films have included Anthony Minghella's The English Patient (1992), Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York (2002),[13] Wes Anderson's The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) and Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ (2004).
Flyers 4, Islanders 3, OT
Associated Press
PHILADELPHIA (AP) - In regulation or overtime, the Flyers simply don't lose at home to the Islanders.
Andrej Meszaros scored at 4:42 of overtime to lift the Philadelphia Flyers to a 4-3 win over the New York Islanders on Thursday night.
Meszaros buried a 25-footer from the slot over Al Montoya's right shoulder for his fifth goal of the season and helped the Flyers continue their dominance over the Islanders.
"I saw the top corner, and it was the only shot I got actually," Meszaros said. "That is the way I have been shooting in practice. I tried it and it went in. It was fortunate for me and for the team."
Matt Martin's second goal of the game with 27.2 seconds left in the third period sent the game into overtime. He scored earlier in the period to make it 3-2.
Mike Richards, Jeff Carter and James van Riemsdyk also scored goals for the Flyers.
The Flyers continue to dominate the Islanders, beating them for the 12th straight time in Philadelphia. They have won 19 of the past 20 overall against their Atlantic Division rival.
The Islanders haven't won in Philadelphia since a 4-2 win on April 7, 2007.
Sergei Bobrovsky stopped 32 shots for the Eastern Conference-leading Flyers.
The Islanders aren't the only division rival to go down against the Flyers. Philadelphia is a sparkling 14-2-1 against the Atlantic and remains in a serious hunt for the NHL's points lead.
"Everybody wants a piece of us, I think," Meszaros said. "We want to win every game now we play at home. We want to be at the top of the league and have, if at all possible, a seventh game advantage, so we try to fight for that every game."
Frans Nielsen also scored for the Islanders.
The Flyers, who held the fifth-best record in team history through 60 games, had lost two of three for what counts as a slump this season. Facing the Islanders seemed the perfect way to snap out of it.
Martin, who recently returned from a four-game suspension for a brawl against Pittsburgh, forced overtime that stunned a Flyers crowd already heading for the exit.
"It seemed like the puck was wobbling back and forth when it came across so yeah, I was a little surprised," Bobrovsky said.
Meszaros made it worth sticking around for his game-winner.
Flyers defenseman Chris Pronger left the game late in the third period after he was hit by a slap shot on his forearm. General manager Paul Holmgren said X-rays were negative and Pronger is expected to play Saturday at Ottawa.
Pronger said he could have returned, but had trouble griping his stick.
"Guys shoot the puck hard, guys are trying to block shots, and things happen," Holmgren said. "We're fortunate that he is OK."
The Islanders quickly tried to reverse their losing ways when Nielsen scored his eighth goal of the season midway through the first period. He took the puck along the boards through the neutral zone and fired a wrister from the circle past Bobrovsky for the 1-0 lead.
Richards and Van Riemsdyk scored second-period goals against Montoya to give them the lead.
Richards scored his 19th goal only 2 minutes into the period to even the score. Van Riemsdyk had his stick down and was ready for a sweet behind-the-back pass from All-Star Claude Giroux that he got past Montoya for his 15th goal.
Carter's tip-in in the third for his 28th goal made it 3-1 and it seemed the Flyers would coast toward another win against the slowly-improving Islanders.
Not so fast.
Martin's first goal of the game was a dead-on shot from the slot that pulled the Islanders within one at 6:31.
"I wouldn't say it's a moral victory. We haven't won a game here since 2007," Martin said. "We really wanted to come in here and get the two points. It's unfortunate, but like I said, we battled hard and found a way to get a point."
Montoya made 39 saves to keep the Islanders in the game.
Notes: Holmgren said D Oskars Bartulis needs shoulder surgery. Bartulis will miss 10 to 12 weeks. Bartulis was injured on an illegal hit by Phoenix Coyotes left wing Scottie Upshall. Upshall was suspended two games by the NHL on Wednesday. ... Flyers F Nikolay Zherdev cleared waivers and participated in the morning skate. Holmgren said there are no plans to send Zherdev to the minors.
GOAL SCORERS
NYI: F. Nielsen (09:03 - 1st) , M. Martin (06:31 - 3rd) , M. Martin (19:32 - 3rd)
PHI: M. Richards (01:58 - 2nd) , J. van Riemsdyk (17:31 - 2nd) , J. Carter (05:05 - 3rd) , A. Meszaros (04:42 - OT)
GOALIES
NYI: A. Montoya (L)
PHI: S. Bobrovsky (W)
***UPDATE*** Casey and Nika need to maximize storage with a clearly defined space. This was the easy choice.
The Little Angels Children's folk ballet visited India as part of their 60 years thanks giving to all countries that helped south korea during the Korean war.
The Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea was founded in 1962 by Sun Myung Moon, also known as the founder of the Unification Church, to project a positive image of South Korea.[1] In 1973 they performed at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.[2] The group’s dances are based on Korean legends and regional dances, and its costumes on traditional Korean styles. Choral singing by the troupe in various languages is also featured. [3]
In 2010 the Little Angels traveled to the United States to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Korean War. This was sponsored by the Korean War 60th Anniversary Memorial Committee, whose chairman, Bo Hi Pak, is also the president of the Little Angels. [4] Later that year they traveled to the other 15 nations which had sent troops to support South Korea in the United Nations force.[5][6] The Little Angels is supported financially by the Tongil Group, a South Korean business group associated with the Unification Church, though the Tongil Foundation.[7]
Cambridge House Vancouver Resource Investment Conference.
Multi-camera shoot with interviews by Bridgitte Anderson.
Vancouver Convention Centre Jan.2012 Roth Multimedia Production with Jonathan Roth and Ken Stewart.
Host: Bridgitte Anderson
Camera: Mike McCullough, Tom Saunders, Ray Waters, Todd Gilchrist , Doug Higginson
Switcher: Darrren Hull
Audio: Don Kurek
Make-up: Annamaria Camarda
Production Assistants: Kathy Johnson, Jennifer Cheon
Technical Assistance: Woodhouse and Associates. Nick Woodhouse, Natasha Woodhouse.and crew.
Cambridge House International: Joe Martin, Jay Martin, Jeremy Martin, Tommy Humphreys, John Baldwin, Nicole Evans
Adriana Martinez works in her backyard garden in Long Beach, Calif. Wednesday, March 11, 2009. With the recession in full swing, many Americans are returning to their roots, cultivating vegetables in their backyards to squeeze every penny out of their food budget. (AP Photo/Nick Ut)
news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090315/ap_on_re_us/recession_garden...
The architectural firm of John Savage Bolles & Associates designed the facilities in the early 1960s. It also happens that Bolles designed Candlestick Park per novato.patch.com/articles/whats-going-on-with-the-old-bir... .
There is a nice aerial photo of this building in this article.
Associated British and Irish Railways was a marketing organisation jointly formed by the London Midland & Scottish Railway (LMSR), London & North Eastern Railway (LNER), and Southern Railway (SR) in 1934, later joined by Great Western Railway (GWR) and Great Southern Railways (GSR) in 1935. Most of its promotional material was aimed at the North American market and it produced annual editions of folders giving information about the services and destinations served by the railway companies.
One of the folders produced was that of a railway map of the whole of the UK and Ireland showing the lines and ferry services of the member railways. This issue, with an interesting but uncredited cover, uses an interesting map. The Philips cartography would, in post-war years, go on to be used by the newly nationalised British Railways after 1948, and it appears to have been first introduced by the London & North Eastern Railway in c.1936; it is interesting to see the use of the company's adopted typeface, Gill Sans, used for place names. This folder makes me think that for ABR use, Philips may have been commissioned, possibly by the LNER, to extend this style of coverage to the whole outline network in the UK and Éire.
It has been scanned in four overlapping sections to save damage to a fragile item. This section shows Western Scotland, including the Highlands and Islands, along with the northern areas of the island of Ireland.
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Walmart associates gathered in the Hyper Building on the University of Arkansas campus to practice dance moves, enjoy activities and spend time together. The associates traveled to Fayetteville, Ark. to attend the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
Left to Right: Jason Graham, Lisa Ramos, Pedro Sostre, Jennifer LeClaire, Chris Rivera, Misty McIntosh
The Chelsea Flower Show has been held in the grounds of the Chelsea Hospital every year since 1913, apart from gaps during the two World Wars.
It used to be Britain’s largest flower show (it has now been overtaken by Hampton Court), but is still the most prestigious. From the beginning it has contained both nursery exhibits and model gardens. Every year there have been exhibits from foreign countries as well as from Britain.
It is the flower show most associated with the Royal family, who attend the opening day every year.
Whatever you love about gardening, there’s something for you at this year’s RHS Chelsea Flower Show.
‘Fresh’ is a brand new area that includes modern, inventive gardens with new design ideas, along with tradestands offering ingenious new products.
Kent Leach, an associate professor in the UC Davis Department of Biomedical Engineering, is interested in the development of pharmacologic formulations that can assist in the treatment of heart attack and stroke. Encapsulation of clot-busting drugs in a variety of vehicles has previously demonstrated significant improvement over clinically used treatment options. Leach develops new techniques to deliver these drugs which may result in viable treatment alternatives. His research in the laboratory is highly interdisciplinary, employing methods in synthetic chemistry, cellular and molecular biology, materials characterization, drug delivery and gene therapy, and in vivo imaging.
Info: www.bme.ucdavis.edu/people/departmental-faculty/profiles2...
engineering.ucdavis.edu/go/50years/innovators/KentLeach.html
This gurdwara is associated with the Tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. It commemorates his meeting with Prince Muazzam, later Emperor Bahadur Shah, in 1707. The prince had asked him for help in the prince's battle for succession for the throne with his brother, after the death of Aurangzeb. Guru Sahib met the Prince near Humayun's Tomb, and together they drew up their strategy for battle. They watched elephant and bull fights organized for their entertainment. Guru Sahib promised to help the Prince if he would punish all those responsible for the treacherous killing of his sons and destroying his army and his city, Anandpur. Later, Guru Sahib helped the Prince defeat his brother and claim the throne.
Gurdwara Damdama Sahib (place of rest) was first built by Sardar Bhagel Singh in 1783, when a huge Sikh army under his command conquered Delhi. At first it was a small Gurdwara. Later Maharaja Ranjit Singh delegated his officials to renovate the Gurdwara. Consequently, a deorhi (Sikh architectural structure) was constructed, including buildings for priests and pilgrims. In 1984, a new building was constructed. Every year thousands of devotees assemble here to celebrate the festival called Hola Mohalla.
Left to Right: Jason Graham, Lisa Ramos, Pedro Sostre, Jennifer LeClaire, Chris Rivera, Misty McIntosh
Tonia Walker, associate director of athletics at Winston-Salem State University, has been named the athletic director for the program effective immediately.
"Tonia has done an outstanding job in every role she has been given within the WSSU athletics program and has a wealth of knowledge of intercollegiate athletics beyond our campus," said Chancellor Donald J. Reaves. "Having Tonia as the athletic director brings strong leadership to the program and provides stability for our players, coaches and staff. Tonia has certainly earned this opportunity and I am absolutely delighted that she is moving into this position on a permanent basis."
Walker has been serving as interim athletic director since March 1 of this year and had previously served as interim director for nearly a year in 2009. She joined the WSSU athletics staff in August 2000 as assistant director and head volleyball coach. In 2002, she resigned her coaching duties to focus on her administrative role. Walker began her career in athletics in 1993 at the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) headquarters.
As associate director of athletics, Walker was responsible for the internal operations of the department and was instrumental in fundraising efforts, the implementation of CHAMPS/Lifeskills programming, the Rams leadership Academy and other initiatives that supported the development of the student athletes and the athletics staff.
Walker has served on numerous committees both nationally and for the university, including serving in various positions with the CIAA and serving on the NCAA Division II Membership Committee. She is currently a member of the National Association of Collegiate Women Athletic Administrators (NACWAA) and of the Minority Opportunities Association, as well as the Black College Coaches and Administrators Association.
Named the CIAA Senior Woman Administrator for 2003-2004 and 2005-2006, Walker was one of eight participants from throughout the country selected for the NCAA Fellows Leadership Development Program. She is a graduate of the NACWAA HERS Institute and Executive Institute and was the 2008 recipient of the NACWAA Nell Jackson Award given annually to an athletic administrator who is a strong leader and an advocate for gender equity.
Walker earned a B.A. degree with honors in speech and language disorders from Hampton University and her M.S. degree in sports management from old Dominion University. While at Hampton, Walker was a two-sport athlete, playing both basketball and softball.
Roy Teo, founder of interior design boutiques, Kri:eit Associates, The I.D. Dept, Splendor and XXII Century, is seen here with Paul and Dorcas Ling at Singapore Tatler Ball.
Associate Curator Nat Trotman, Stephen and Nan Swid Curator of 20th Century Art Carmen Gimenez, James Turrell, Kyung-Lim Lee
James Turrell Opening Reception
Thurs, June 20, 2013
5th Ave at 89th Street
New York City
Guests gathered to celebrate the opening of James Turrell, where they enjoyed a private view of the exhibition.
Photo: Scott Rud
To learn more about the exhibition, visit www.guggenheim.org/turrell.
Walmart associates gathered in the Hyper Building on the University of Arkansas campus to practice dance moves, enjoy activities and spend time together. The associates traveled to Fayetteville, Ark. to attend the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
British Railways Associated Rail Technologies class 142 ‘Pacer’ two car diesel-mechanical railbus unit number 142063 (55627 (nearest), 55713) of Newton Heath Traction Maintenance Depot stands on platform 1 at Preston railway station forming the daily 15:14 Colne to Blackpool South (2P17). Tuesday 29th March 1988
Note, 142063 was built by Associated Rail Technologies (a consortium of Leyland Vehicles Limited who built the body and British Rail Engineering Limited who built the underframe) at British Rail Engineering Limited’s Litchurch Lane works in Derby circa December 1986 for British Railways as number 142063, although it was initially expected to be numbered 142113. Driving Motor Standard Lavatory number 55759 was replaced by 55627 in March 1988, and 142063 was reformed as 55713 and 55759 in October 1988. The original diesel-mechanical transmission was replaced by diesel-hydraulic transmission in 1989 and it passed to Angel Train Contracts Limited on 1st April 1994 as part of the privatisation of British Railways, Angel Train Contracts Limited being renamed as Angel Trains Limited on 16th May 2000. 142063 was stored at Gascoigne Wood from January 2002 and sold to Sims Metal Management for scrap, arriving at Alexandra Dock in Newport on 16th January 2020
Ref no 08079
Walmart associates gathered in the Hyper Building on the University of Arkansas campus to practice dance moves, enjoy activities and spend time together. The associates traveled to Fayetteville, Ark. to attend the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
My collection of Tide Water Associated Oil Co. stuff. (Flying A)
G. Paul Getty owned Associated Oil Co. (on the wast coast) and Tide Water Oil Co. (on the east coast). He merged them together in 1938 to make Tide Water Associated Oil Co. Brand names they used were Flying A, Veedol, Tydol, and Cycol. The stuff here dates between the late 20s and early 60s with the earlier stuff coming from before the merger. No reproductions.
Item Number: 10594-2.
Document Title: Planting Plan for Rear Garden Scale 1/4" = 1'.
Project: 10594; Moskos, Dr. Vasiliki; Newton; Massachusetts; 07 Private Estate & Homesteads; 2 PLANS ( ).
Artist/Creator: OA / OLMSTED ASSOCIATES.
Location: Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA.
Category: PLAN.
Purpose: PLTG (Planting).
Physical Characteristics: [Dimensions]18.5 x 28; [Medium]graphite; [Support]trace.
Dates: 20-MAY-1977.
.
Please Credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site..
Associated Equipment Company
London General Omnibus Co.
5.100 cc
4 in-line
35 bhp
Vmax : 32 km/h
British Motor Museum
Gaydon
Warvick
England - United kingdom
November 2018
Stafford Associates, Dr. Eugene F. Stafford Building, is a Data Center and Office Building located on Long Island at 21 Bennetts Road in Setauket, New York. The facility incorporates many green features and anticipates a LEED Silver certification, LEED elements incorporated into the building include:
Preferred parking for hybrid vehicles & those carpooling – encourages use of these means of transportation which lowers greenhouse gas emissions
Rainwater collection for site irrigation – lowers the buildings demand for potable water
20% + of site left as open space – help maintain habitat for natural ecosystem
Cut off light fixtures – maintains dark sky
Waterless urinals, dual flush toilets & low flow fixtures – lowers buildings demand for potable water
Implementation of Construction Waste Management Plan – encourages the reuse & recycling of Construction waste & keeps useable material from the landfill
Use of SIPs (Structurally Insulated Panels) – tighter more efficient building envelope, lowers energy demand and associated pollution
Tighter building envelope and innovative building systems – approximate 30% less energy use and carbon footprint than typical building construction
Recycled content in building materials – reduces need for virgin materials and associated environmental costs
Local/regional content in building materials – supports local economy while reducing impact of transporting materials to the site
Low VOC materials – healthier indoor air for building occupants
CO2 monitoring – healthier indoor air for building occupants
The building itself is 30,000 sq. ft. and has many house like qualities to give clients, tenants and employees the sense that they are working with a family owned business. The building is adorned with rich earth tones throughout which can be found in the black marble steps with orange veins to the mahogany in the Stafford lobby, the deep brown accented carpets and natural wall coverings. Craftsmanship and high technology are infused throughout the building from the hand crafted railings in the center atriums to the Tier 3 Data Center that boasts concurrently maintainable site infrastructure guaranteeing 99.982% availability.
© All rights reserved, don't use without permission
A stormy wind associated with Siberian temperatures has transformed the banks of Lake Geneva in a wonderful icy show.
Versoix, Switzerland
Walmart associates gathered in the Hyper Building on the University of Arkansas campus to practice dance moves, enjoy activities and spend time together. The associates traveled to Fayetteville, Ark. to attend the 2011 Walmart Shareholders' Meeting. To watch the replay of the event, view videos, and join the conversation, visit www.walmartstores.com/shareholdersmeeting
firenze, piazza ognissanti, eracle e il leone ( romano romanelli ) , chiesa di san frediano al cestello, 2012
"AUBURN INN'S MOTEL ADDITION
Auburn, N.Y. Tel.: AL 2-7277
In the heart of downtown Auburn,
N.Y. only 7 miles from Thruway
Exit 40.
Completely air-conditioned. Television, radio and
telephone in all rooms. Free parking. Most
rooms contain two double beds. Suites are
available. Auburn's finest restaurant and the
unique Birdcage Bar and exciting cocktail lounge
adjoin the motel."