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National Museum of Nuclear Science & History
CRITICAL ASSEMBLY
THE SECRETS OF LOS ALAMOS 1944:
INSTALLATION BY AMERICAN SCULPTOR JIM SANBORN
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In Critical Assembly (1998-2003), Jim Sanborn has re-created the moment in 1945 when human beings first fashioned a practical device powered by nuclear fission. It was called the "gadget" We know it today as the Trinity bomb. When it exploded on July 16 in the New Mexico desert, it permanently changed the human condition.
The place Sanborn takes us to is Los Alamos, in the 1940s a secret town known to the outside world only by its mailing address, Post Office Box 1663, Santa Fe, New Mexico. The scene is a small building in an isolated canyon, far enough from other buildings to contain the radiation. On the tables are "criticality experiments," their purpose to determine how much plutonium 239 can be packed into a bomb for maximum yield without making the bomb unsafe to handle.
Electronic instruments, hardware, furniture, tools and materials used by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory during the 1940's and 1950's were acquired by the artist during a six year period from a variety of sources including Lab employees (some of whom had originally made or designed them) These employees had bought these objects many years later as surplus materials at public sales carried out by the Laboratory. Any materials the artist was unable to collect in Los Alamos he machined and fabricated himself.
Plutonium and highly enriched uranium are very unstable metals. If the scientists placed too much of either material in one place it would spontaneously fission or "go critical" causing a tremendous burst of radioactivity that would kill everyone in the immediate area. Conversely if too little material was used to make a bomb it would not detonate at all. This is not to say that sub-critical masses were non-hazardous, in fact they were extremely dangerous. At any given time several of the experimenters tables held a highly radioactive sub-critical mass and a hemispherical reflector (the tables were kept far enough away from each other to reduce the chance of a fission event). The sub-critical masses on the tables were so close to criticality that the reflective properties of the human hand could cause a dramatic rise in radioactivity and the scientists frequently played tunes on the ever present sound of the Geiger counters.
In the late 1940's the scientists at the Lab referred to these experiments as "tickling the tail of the dragon" and the table top work was done with very little personal radioactivity shielding. After 1950 these criticality experiments were done using robotic arms controlled from shielded rooms.
The "Physics Package" as it was called of the "Fat Man" bomb (the one dropped on Nagasaki Japan and tested earlier in Southern New Mexico) is depicted on two metal tables in this installation.
Evocative of both the brilliance of the collective human mind and the potentially devastating power of knowledge, this installation is about the allure of pure science and the ethical dilemmas scientific researchers have faced for decades.
Eric is on the right. John Thompson is in the center. He looks like a deep sea diver. Electrodes can be seen in the port.
Elevating Transfer Vehicles (ETV) is being assembled at Arlanda Airport, Sweden.
These machines handle the air cargo containers, ULD (Unit load device).
Photos was taken in 2010.
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
Inside Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) High Bay 4, Space Shuttle Atlantis sits in storage after being moved from Orbiter Processing Facility #1 on June 29, 2012. Atlantis will stay inside the VAB until mid-August when Endeavour leave OPF-2 so crews can finish preperations for Atlantis display.
Madison Elementary held their annual Grandparents Day Celebration on November 16th. More than 200 grandparents as well as family members attended the assembly and listened to grandparent themed songs and raps performed by different classes. Names were drawn, and prizes were handed out to lucky grandmothers and grandfathers. A few grandparents were honored for attending Madison Elementary when they were children. The event ended with a slideshow of the current grandchildren and students at Madison. Marsha Kerper, the school’s principal, said the annual event has a long history. She said it’s been happening for at least the seven years she taught at the school as well as for the last ten years, when she’s been principal. The special education teacher who organized the event, Mary Kelly, explained why she helps, “It’s nice to honor them and to let them know how important they are.”
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, September 6, 2019 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading squad, varsity captain introductions, a cross-divisional game, and faculty-senior volleyball game. (Photo by Todd Race)
The Fiftieth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 1-9, 2012.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Fiftieth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 1-9, 2012.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
Senior Assembly was held on May 2, 2018, marking the official beginning of Commencement celebrations. Photo by Takudzwa Tapfuma '17.
The Bath Assembly Rooms, designed by John Wood, the Younger in 1769, are a set of elegant assembly rooms located in the heart of the World Heritage City of Bath in England which are now open to the public as a visitor attraction. They are designated as a Grade I listed building.
During the Georgian era Bath became fashionable. The architects John Wood, the Elder and his son John Wood, the Younger laid out new areas of housing for residents and visitors. Assembly rooms had been built early in the 18th century, but a new venue for balls, concerts and gambling was envisaged in the area between Queen Square, The Circus and the Royal Crescent. Robert Adam submitted a proposal that was rejected as too expensive. John Wood, the Younger raised funding through a Tontine and construction started in 1769. The New or Upper Assembly Rooms opened with a grand ball in 1771 and became the hub of fashionable society, being frequented by Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, along with the nobility of the time.
The Bath stone building has rooms arranged in a U shape. There are four main function rooms in the complex: the 100-foot-long (30 m) ballroom — the largest Georgian interior in Bath; the tea room; the card room; and the octagon. The rooms have Whitefriars crystal chandeliers and are decorated with fine art. In the 20th century they were used as a cinema and in 1931 were taken over by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings and restored. They were bombed and burnt out during the Second World War, with restoration undertaken by Sir Albert Richardson before reopening in 1963. They are now owned by the National Trust and operated by Bath and North East Somerset Council for public functions. The basement of the building provides a home to the Fashion Museum.
The SailBuoy requires some assembly. Here, Kris Suchdeve and Dr. Nico Wienders attach the sail to the buoy’s hull. Photo Credit: Deep-C Consortium, Tracy Ippolito
Read more: gulfresearchinitiative.org/deep-c-launches-the-gulfs-firs...
Held on an evening after classes have ended, Senior Assembly is a traditional ceremony in which the Amherst College faculty honors the graduating students. After a procession into Johnson Chapel, the Dean of the Faculty opens the ceremony, and the President awards prizes and honorary class memberships. Two students and a faculty member address the graduating class, and the ceremony ends with a recessional. Photo by Maria Stenzel.
June 24, 2017 - "The Sera Great Assembly Hall (se ra tshogs chen), the largest of four large temples, was built by the Mongolian ruler of Tibet, Lhazang Khan (lha bzang khan, d. 1717). Tradition has it that he also commissioned the construction of the huge Maitreya statue housed inside the temple as a way of expiating the sin he committed by murdering the regent of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Desi Sanggyé Gyatso (sde srid sang rgyas rgya mtsho, 1653-1705).
Before 1959 the monks of Sera met in the Great Assembly Hall only at specific times and for specific purposes: certain sponsored rituals, monastic discipline (vinaya) rituals, specific debates – for example, the “great lineage debates” (rigs chen) – or for some examinations for the geshé (dge bshes) degree. On a day-to-day basis monks met principally in their individual college assembly hall. Today, however, since the number of monks in the monastery has declined significantly, the colleges have, in effect, consolidated, and all of the monks meet together for almost all functions in the Great Assembly Hall.
The lachi (bla spyi), literally “society of lamas” (defunct in Tibet, but still preserved in India), was administered by “the council of ten lamas” (bla kha bcu). Its membership included the four abbots (the abbots of the three colleges and the honorary stod pa abbot), the chant master (dbu mdzad), the two Great Assembly disciplinarians (zhal ngo), the “residence leader” (gzim khang sde pa, who had the privilege of living on one of the top floors of the Great Assembly Hall and served for a three-year term, with the position rotating between the three colleges), and the two financial officers (spyi so), who were responsible for fiscal matters. This “council of ten” met in a special meeting hall on the upper floor of the Great Assembly Hall" Previous text from the following website: www.thlib.org/places/monasteries/sera/spaces/map/
The Assembly Hall Le Corbusier
1956 Chandigarh, India
Staff promptly got up, came out, and yelled at me for taking photos inside. I was escorted out of the building. Knowing this I planned on taking this photo while I was leaving anyways :p
Unfortunately the inside of the main assembly hall itself had been partially ruined by a lighting/ventilation structure added that blocked natural light from coming in.
as always check out the map, also designed by Corbu