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*** View through Red/Cyan glasses ***
NOTE: Calibrate monitor to use 'Color LCD' - to give optimum match between Red/Cyan glasses and LCD Display.
3D anaglyph created from 2 LROC image frames of Apollo 15 Lander and tracks left by astronauts... Red/Cyan glasses required.
Neil Armstrong is pictured retrieving equipment from a storage bay on the rear of Eagle's descent stage (lower portion of the spacecraft). This was one of the displays at the St. Louis Science Center exhibit.
A wish fulfilled - an extra-ordinarily rare Apollo butterfly!
Aosta Valley / Val Ferret, Italy, August 2011
I would have been about 7 when the British tea brand PG Tips (produced by Brooke Bond) issued a series of collector cards titled "Wildlife In Danger." I'd always had an interest in butterflies and was both captivated and saddened by the last card in the set, which was of an Apollo butterfly.
Captivated because it was unlike any butterfly I'd seen before; saddened because the notes on the reverse of the card explained its rarity and the factors that were threatening its survival.
From that time on it was always a dream that I'd be able to travel to where they could still be found, and see one. That wish was finally fulfilled in 2011, during a trip to the Val d'Aosta and Gran Paradiso in the Italian Alps!
The Wildlife In Danger tea cards (a set of 50) were issued in 1963 and illustrated by naturalist Peter Scott. The series identified all types of wildlife that were under threat, from rodents to whales, and was published at a time when awareness of the need for nature conservation and protection was growing, following the foundation a year or two earlier of the World Wildlife Fund (later to be renamed as the Worldwide Fund for Nature).
The Gumpert Apollo is the perfect synthesis between road vehicle and racing car. It exceeds all expectations with its passion and maximum driving fun. 650 HP, up to 360 km/h top-speed and an acceleration of 0 to 100 km/h in just 3.0 seconds make it a full-blooded super sports car to which there is no alternative. The complete package is available at a cost-performance ratio unequalled in this exclusive vehicle class.
The production process is the one part of the manufacture philosophy in which exclusivity and precision are paramount to speed. Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur associates the term ‚manufacture' with it's the commitment to achieve quality and luxury by means of craftsmanship and hand-made production.
Roland Gumpert, founder, managing director and the driving force behind Sportwagenmanufaktur, has created a manufacturing environment that combines engineering excellence with a broad automotive and racing competence. Experts within the motorsports scene are all familiar with the name Gumpert: In the mid 1970s, the long-standing Audi manager was the driving force behind the development of the four-wheel drive "Iltis", the original predecessor of today's "Quattro". In 1979 he not only succeeded in preparing the gnarled four-wheel drive "Iltis" for the Paris-Dakar rally, but also achieved victory. In the years that followed under his management, Audi Sport won a total of 25 World Rally Championship races and was the 4-time winner of the World Rally Championship. Gumpert's professional success is distinguished by his ability to combine innovative ideas with proven technology effectively and successfully.
Gumpert Apollo (2008)
2008 Gumpert Apollo
A team of automotive and motor sports specialists joined forces to pool their enthusiasm and energy into developing and creating the Gumpert Apollo. Their abilities create the space for the finest workmanship and utmost individuality, with the use of high-tech processes and integration of proven standard components securing the technical basis.
With the Gumpert Apollo we are providing a select clientele of ambitious sports drivers and car enthusiasts with the opportunity of experiencing the unique synergy between hand-made high-end components optimised for performance on the road and the track, and of distinguishing themselves from the remainder of the world of sports cars. Up to 100 vehicles will leave the factory each year - just enough to ensure that these exceptional vehicles retain their exclusive status.
Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur is an independent, privately financed company. The financial stability of the company is being secured by well-known investors. Their operative commitment will also promote the international sales and distribution of Gumpert Apollo.
The challenge was to develop an exceptional design that combined the extreme aerodynamic requirements of a performance-oriented, purist super sports car with the aesthetic design of an exclusive vehicle. We wanted to achieve the perfect synthesis of design and function. Without compromising. And we have succeeded with Gumpert Apollo: Its silhouette, optimised in numerous wind tunnel tests, reflects its by far superior capabilities.
In its profile, the Gumpert Apollo dynamic appearance is further enhanced by its dimensions (4.46 m length, almost 2 m width and 1.24 m height) and its streamlined, long and wide shoulder lines. The mid-engine layout is emphasised by the cockpit, which is clearly located toward the front of the vehicle, and the long wheel base; both factors ensure optimum driving qualities. Massive air inlets and outlets in the front and on the side in front of and behind the doors leave no doubt about its potency. Above all, though, they supply the two turbo-chargers and the high-performance braking system with enough fresh air to ensure optimum operation for the duration of a race. The high-set air intake for the engine is reminiscent of Formula 1 vehicles and emphasises Gumpert Apollo racing character. The dominant rear provides a view of the diffuser and the underbody, encased completely in carbon, - which, combined with the front diffuser and flow channels, achieves an exceptionally high negative lift for a road vehicle.
Gumpert Apollo leaves a lasting impression on anyone who sees it: It symbolises unusual power, dynamism and sportiness. It reflects above-average performance capability paired with timeless elegance, and even when it is not moving, shows that the design can only adhere to function: driving dynamics.
The secret of Gumpert Apollo is an innovative design concept from racing car engineering. The base and symbolic backbone of Gumpert Apollo consists a round tube frame made of top-quality and highly stable chrome-molybdenum-steel with an integrated monocoque safety cell made of high quality carbon fibre screwed directly onto the frame. The 161 kg (355 lbs.) construction design is so effective, so torsion proof and bend resistant that it complies with both the specifications of the European MOT approval and the international manufacture specifications of motor sports (see annex J of the FIA regulations). Gumpert Apollo succeeds in combining low weight with the rigidity of a racing car, finest driving dynamics and maximum safety. The Gumpert Apollo is one of the safest and most agile vehicles of its class.
PERFORMANCE IN A NEW DIMENSION
The Gumpert Apollo is not the only sports car on the market; however its concept is so unique and realised so consistently that it aspires to redefine the standard for this vehicle class. The Gumpert Apollo has more to offer:
•Approved both for use on the road and on the track
•Maximum safety in accordance with the international motor racing standards
•Low curb weight of below 1,200 kg (2,645 lbs.)
•Perfect road-holding and ultra-precise handling
•Maximum driving pleasure and unbeatable driving performance
•Excellent aerodynamic efficiency and driving dynamics
•Synthesis of reliable racing and series technology
•Unique, futuristic, and striking design
•Best cost-benefit ratio
Despite the series production process, every Gumpert Apollo is unique. It is customized to the owner's wishes and needs and proudly bears his touch. We can also offer you:
•Luxury package with air conditioning, navigation radio with DVD/CD-Player and backwards facing camera with rear-view mirror function
•Car body made of fibreglass (GFK) or carbon-fibre (CFK)
•Carbon fibre for various components and car body parts
•Design variants created by use of different air intakes for the engine
•Carbon rear wing (optional available)
•Engine variants with 650 / 700 / 800 HP output
In addition to these different options and equipment packages, we can of course also accommodate any other special requests made by our customers. Just talk to us.
The consistent achievement of maximum driving dynamics and uncompromising functionality is also visible in the interior design: Every detail was designed according to functional viewpoints equivalent to those of a racing car, yet without neglecting the required amount of comfort and quality.
TAILOR-MADE PURISM AND LUXURY
Light weight was the top priority and has been achieved through the exclusive use of high-tech materials. The instrument panel, like the monocoque it is integrated into, is made of carbon fibre. The seat buckets, too, are fitted into the monocoque - although you will not find seats in the conventional meaning in the Gumpert Apollo. The seat position is adjusted to each customer individually, using padding, upholstery, adjustable pedals, and the steering column. Yet you are not required to forgo proven technology in the Gumpert Apollo: air conditioning, high-end navigation system with an integrated reverse camera, CD/DVD player and much more are available.
The Gumpert Apollo is a tailor-made sports car, and individual masterpiece. In line with this principle, customers can design the interior to meet their preferences, be it pure performance or somewhat more luxurious. Decide the colours and designs yourself, whether leather, seams or embroideries are concerned. We guarantee you a car that will fulfil all of your requirements. Just talk to us.
READY FOR RACETRACK
A sports car's supremacy is not defined by pure engine power alone: only a car that can put this power on the asphalt and create a balance between all occurring internal and external forces will leave the contestants behind, on the road and the race track. The chassis is the key to this supremacy - and Gumpert Apollo has already proven itself spectacularly under the toughest testing conditions on various test tracks, public roads and real racing tracks such as Hockenheim, Imola and the historical "Nordschleife".
The Gumpert Apollo is built as a racing car according to FIA GT and ACO regulations upon request.
Success is one of Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur's clearly defined objectives in racing. Naturally the factory benefits from the years of experience in motor sports and the remarkable successes of company owner Roland Gumpert.
The Gumpert Apollo made a great third place with the Belgian racing driver, Ruben Maes, in the cockpit at its racing debut at the Divinol Cup in Hockenheim in April 2005.
PROVEN PERFORMANCE IN A NEW DIMENSION
The impressive power of the high-performance eight cylinder engine is based on proven V8-high-performance aggregates from Audi. In the standard configuration this engine is optimised for use in racing and road vehicles and produces 650 HP as a Biturbo engine. Weighing only 196 kg (432 lbs.), it plays a major role in ensuring the ideal weight and fascinating driving dynamics of Gumpert Apollo. An angle of 90° between the two cylinder banks is a sign of a classic 8-cylinder engine. Efficient utilisation of its remarkable energy in the back wheels guarantees the fully-synchronised, sequential six-speed transmission that incorporates Formula 1 know-how. The short gear paths allow high speed gear changes. The arrangement of the gears in a longitudinal direction in the path of travel ensures a very low centre of gravity and optimum weight distribution. The characteristic sound of the double-flow exhaust system of the Gumpert Apollo with its 3-way catalytic converters says it best - the Gumpert Apollo is pure, unbeatable performance as reflected in the data. Like a comet, the Gumpert Apollo catapults its pilot from 0 to 100 km/h (0-62 mph) in just 3.0 seconds and only requires 8.9 seconds from 0 to 200 km/h (0-124 mph).
For connoisseurs form whom driving fun does not necessarily equal maximum motor performance and ultimate acceleration, the engine is also ideally suited for day-to-day driving at lower speeds.
DRIVING DYNAMICS REDEFINED
The Gumpert Apollo's suspension was developed to ideally complement the body's sophisticated aerodynamics. The resulting is unusual driving dynamics. The Gumpert Apollo is taut but not hard and provides driver and passenger with an extraordinar level of comfort for a car designed purely for performance. It demands the pilot's unswerving attention, yet due to its ultra-precise and predictable driving characteristics does not overwhelm, even at top speed.
An ideal weight balance of 42 to 58 percent between the front and rear axis rounds it off: It provides optimum traction during acceleration, whilst ensuring stable control even when braking in critical situations.
The Gumpert Apollo owes the finely tuned sensitivity of the suspension system and the optimised exertion of power to its double transverse control arm pushrod configuration at the front and back. The double transverse control arms ensure that the tires maintain optimum contact with the road surface, independent of the bound rate of suspension system. The suspension system allows the owner to seamlessly set the ground clearance in a range between 40 and 120 mm (1.57-4.72 in). Sealed uniball joints ensure that the forces are transferred precisely and with little friction. Stabilisers support the efficiency of the suspension and pitch compensation prevents the vehicle from diving during braking and lifting during accelerating. Despite its low trim, the Gumpert Apollo provides long wheel travel in compression and rebound, facilitating the finely-tuned and precise functioning of the absorbers and springs.
The high level of driving dynamics is supported by an agile electro-hydraulic power steering system that provides the driver with direct feedback. In order to securely transfer the 850 nm torque to the road, Gumpert Apollo has a traction control system (TCS) used in motor sports. Developed together with the company Racelogic, the permitted slip can be accurately set on the rear axle - according to the drivers wishes. An optional launch control, adjusted to the Gumpert Apollo especially, ensures swift starts like those of Formula 1. The Gumpert Apollo's driving performance is controlled with a 2-circuit high-performance braking system with adjustable 3-level Bosch-ABS, 378 mm (14.9 in) ventilated discs, and 6-piston callipers on the front and rear axle.
All of these are primary technical principles, the sportive orientation of which could not be clearer. Thanks to its suspension, the Gumpert Apollo proves itself in every curve: It redefines the term ‚driving dynamics'.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
•DIMENSIONS◦Length 4,460 mm / 175.6"
◦Width 1,998 mm / 78.6"
◦Height 1,114 mm / 43.8"
◦Wheel base 2,700 mm / 106.3"
◦Wheel gauge ◾front: 1,670 mm / 65.7"
◾back: 1,598 mm / 62.9"
◦Boot volume: 100 l
•WEIGHT◦Kerb weight: below 1,200 kg / 2,645 lbs
◦Allowed total weight: 1,500 kg / 3,306 lbs
◦Approved axle load ◾front: 650 kg / 1,452 lbs
◾back: 900 kg / 1,984 lbs
•ENGINE◦Cylinders: 8
◦Type: 90° - V
◦Valves per cylinder: 5
◦Displacement: 4,163 cm3 / 254 in3
◦Stroke: 93 mm / 3.66"
◦Bore: 84.5 mm / 3.32"
◦Nominal output: 478 kW (650 HP) @ 6,500 rpm
◦Maximum torque: 850 Nm (626.9 lb-ft) @ 4,000 rpm [with 820 Nm @ 2700 rpm]
◦Maximum revs: 7,200 rpm
◦Compression ratio: 9,3
◦Recommended fuel type: 98 ROZ / 88 MOZ
◦Emission standard: Euro 4
•GEARBOX◦Sequential six-speed gear box with synchronisation and oil cooling
◦Twin plate clutch configuration (diameter 200 mm / 7.87" each)
◦Differential lock by Torsen
◦Custom-made gear ratios
•WHEELS◦Tire dimension ◾front: 255/35ZR19
◾back: 345/35ZR19
◦Wheel dimension ◾front: 10J x 19
◾back: 13J x 19
◦Wheel rim type: Aluminium cast wheels with centre lock
•PERFORMANCE◦Top speed: 360 km/h (224 mph)
◦0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): 3.0 s
◦0-200 km/h (0-124 mph): 8.9 s
While I was in Geneva for the motorshow, I was following along closely on Instagram to see what cars were out and about in Geneva. Luckily I came across a place called 'Carugati Automobiles' and decided I should head there ASAP and I'm so glad I did as I managed to catch the insane Apollo IE just before it left. Insane day wrapped up with a few Pagani's and various other insane cars!
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Apollo Theatre (1914)
Architect: George Keister
253 W. 125th St.
Harlem, New York
Vaudeville producers Jules Hurtig (1868–1928) and Harry J. Seamon opened Hurtig & Seamon’s New Burlesque Theatre on West 125th St. in March 1914. The theatre offered four shows a day featuring comics and scantily clad women. Architect George Keister also designed the Belasco Theatre (1907) on West 44th St. and the American Airlines (former Selwyn) Theatre (1918) on West 42nd St. near Times Square.
In 1928, the Minsky brothers took over the theatre and re-named it the 125th St. Apollo. The Minskys were famous for presenting strippers and bawdy comics whose performances occasionally resulted in raids by the vice squad. Their theatres were proving grounds for such comics as Phil Silvers, Abbott and Costello, and Jackie Gleason, as well as strippers Gypsy Rose Lee, Ann Corio, and Margie Hart. During this period, despite the changing demographics of the neighborhood, the theatre maintained a strictly “whites only” admission policy.
The Minskys decided to concentrate their efforts downtown and sold the theatre to Sidney Cohen in 1932. The following year, newly elected mayor Fiorello LaGuardia began a campaign to clean up the burlesque theatres. The Apollo adopted a family-oriented variety format and opened its doors to blacks as of 26 January 1934.
The most famous innovation at the Apollo that first year was the introduction of Amateur Night on Wednesdays at 7:30. The idea was the brainchild of actor/dancer Ralph Cooper (1908–92), who instituted Amateur Night at the Lafayette Theatre in April 1933. Seventeen-year-old Ella Fitzgerald won the lottery for a place on the bill on 21 November 1934. She was supposed to dance, but froze on stage and in desperation ended up singing “The Object of My Affection”. She won first prize. In 1935, she met Chick Webb after an amateur contest at the Harlem Opera House, and later that year began singing with his band at the Savoy Ballroom.
In 1935, Frank Schiffman (1893–1974) and Leo Brecher (1890–1980), former owners of Harlem’s Lafayette Theatre, purchased the Apollo and positioned it as a showplace for black entertainment. Vocalists and jazz musicians such as Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Jimmie Lunceford, Count Basie, Nat “King” Cole, Duke Ellington, and Sammy Davis Jr. brought both blacks and whites to the theatre throughout the 1930s and ’40s.
Over the years, the famously critical audiences attending Amateur Night witnessed such burgeoning talents as Sarah Vaughan (1943), James Brown (1956), Stephanie Mills (1968), and the Jackson Five (1969).
Following World War II, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Thelonius Monk filled the theatre with the sound of bebop. In the 1960s and ’70s, rhythm and blues entertainers such as Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, Gladys Knight, and Aretha Franklin brought in the crowds. But by 1976, flagging business led to the closure of the famed theatre.
After several false starts, the Apollo fully re-opened in 1985 and is today run by a non-profit foundation. Amateur Night was re-instated on Christmas Eve. Since then, the Apollo has continued to host the stars of the music world as well as those who hope one day to be stars.
© Matthew X. Kiernan
NYBAI06-7003
Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto and has a twin sister named Artemis.
Apollo is the god of Music who is portrayed in museum paintings as playing a Golden Lyre. Apollo is the Archer; far shooting with a Silver Bow and the god of Healing who taught the people Medicine.
Apollo is the god of Light and of Truth, who can not speak a lie.
In Ancient Mythology, one of Apollo's more importaint daily tasks is to harness his Chariot with Four Horses and drive the Sun across the Sky.
Apollo is famous for his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek World to foresee their future.
Apollo's tree was the Laurel. The Crow was his bird and the Dolphin his animal.
Engineering as Art
Greek Mythology
Series 2 of 5
Apollo, the Greek sun god and leader of the Muses is bathed in the evening sunlight at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
We worked closely with other emergency services to care for the injured at London's Apollo Theatre.
We sent a large number of staff to the scene, including 29 ambulance crews, 18 officers, members of our hazardous area response team and a medical team from London’s Air Ambulance also attended in a car.
We treated 79 patients, of whom 56 were subsequently taken to one of four hospitals - St Mary’s Hospital, University College Hospital, St Thomas’ Hospital and St George’s Hospital.
For more information contact:
Communications Department
London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
220 Waterloo Road
London SE1 8SD
Tel: 0207 783 2286
Battery operated all tin robot with rotating body, chest doors that fly open and lighted guns. Made in Japan by Horikawa S.H.
Coin, AD 62
Lyre-players were celebrities who often attracted mass followings. Nero trained hard to become accomplished at playing the cithara (lyre) and singing. Here he celebrates the god Apollo, who was connected with music and chariot racing.
However, Apollo was also a warlike god – the hands that plucked the strings could also shoot the arrow. Suetonius believed that the figure on this coin was not Apollo, but Nero playing the lyre.
[British Museum]
Nero: the Man Behind the Myth
(May - Oct 2021)
Nero is known as one of Rome's most infamous rulers, notorious for his cruelty, debauchery and madness.
The last male descendant of the emperor Augustus, Nero succeeded to the throne in AD 54 aged just 16 and died a violent death at 30. His turbulent rule saw momentous events including the Great Fire of Rome, Boudicca's rebellion in Britain, the execution of his own mother and first wife, grand projects and extravagant excesses.
Drawing on the latest research, this major exhibition questions the traditional narrative of the ruthless tyrant and eccentric performer, revealing a different Nero, a populist leader at a time of great change in Roman society.
Through some 200 spectacular objects, from the imperial palace in Rome to the streets of Pompeii, follow the young emperor’s rise and fall and make up your own mind about Nero. Was he a young, inexperienced ruler trying his best in a divided society, or the merciless, matricidal megalomaniac history has painted him to be?
Nero was the 5th emperor of Rome and the last of Rome’s first dynasty, the Julio-Claudians, founded by Augustus (the adopted son of Julius Caesar). Nero is known as one of Rome’s most infamous rulers, notorious for his cruelty and debauchery. He ascended to power in AD 54 aged just 16 and died at 30. He ruled at a time of great social and political change, overseeing momentous events such as the Great Fire of Rome and Boudica’s rebellion in Britain. He allegedly killed his mother and two of his wives, only cared about his art and had very little interest in ruling the empire.
Most of what we know about Nero comes from the surviving works of three historians – Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio. All written decades after Nero’s death, their accounts have long shaped our understanding of this emperor’s rule. However, far from being impartial narrators presenting objective accounts of past events, these authors and their sources wrote with a very clear agenda in mind. Nero’s demise brought forward a period of chaos and civil war – one that ended only when a new dynasty seized power, the Flavians. Authors writing under the Flavians all had an interest in legitimising the new ruling family by portraying the last of the Julio-Claudians in the worst possible light, turning history into propaganda. These accounts became the ‘historical’ sources used by later historians, therefore perpetuating a fabricated image of Nero, which has survived all the way to the present.
Nero was born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus on 15 December AD 37.
He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger. Both Gnaeus and Agrippina were the grandchildren of Augustus, making Nero Augustus’ great, great grandson with a strong claim to power.
Nero was only two years old when his mother was exiled and three when his father died. His inheritance was taken from him and he was sent to live with his aunt. However, Nero’s fate changed again when Claudius became emperor, restoring the boy’s property and recalling his mother Agrippina from exile.
In AD 49 the emperor Claudius married Agrippina, and adopted Nero the following year. It is at this point that Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus changed his name to Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus. In Roman times it was normal to change your name when adopted, abandoning your family name in favour of your adoptive father’s. Nero was a common name among members of the Claudian family, especially in Claudius’ branch.
Nero and Agrippina offered Claudius a politically useful link back to Augustus, strengthening his position.
Claudius appeared to favour Nero over his natural son, Britannicus, marking Nero as the designated heir.
When Claudius died in AD 54, Nero became emperor just two months before turning 17.
As he was supported by both the army and the senate, his rise to power was smooth. His mother Agrippina exerted a significant influence, especially at the beginning of his rule.
The Roman historians Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio all claim that Nero, fed up with Agrippina’s interference, decided to kill her.
Given the lack of eyewitnesses, there is no way of knowing if or how this happened. However, this did not stop historians from fabricating dramatic stories of Agrippina’s murder, asserting that Nero tried (and failed) to kill her with a boat engineered to sink, before sending his men to do the job.
Agrippina allegedly told them to stab her in the womb that bore Nero, her last words clearly borrowed from stage plays.
It is entirely possible, as claimed by Nero himself, that Agrippina chose (or was more likely forced) to take her own life after her plot against her son was discovered.
Early in his rule, Nero had to contend with a rebellion in the newly conquered province of Britain.
In AD 60–61, Queen Boudica of the Iceni tribe led a revolt against the Romans, attacking and laying waste to important Roman settlements. The possible causes of the rebellion were numerous – the greed of the Romans exploiting the newly conquered territories, the recalling of loans made to local leaders, ongoing conflict in Wales and, above all, violence against the family of Prasutagus, Boudica’s husband and king of the Iceni.
Boudica and the rebels destroyed Colchester, London and St Albans before being heavily defeated by Roman troops. After the uprising, the governor of Britain Suetonius Paulinus introduced harsher laws against the Britons, until Nero replaced him with the more conciliatory governor Publius Petronius Turpilianus.
The marriage between Nero and Octavia, aged 15 and 13/14 at the time, was arranged by their parents in order to further legitimise Nero’s claim to the throne. Octavia was the daughter of the emperor Claudius from a previous marriage, so when Claudius married Agrippina and adopted her son Nero, Nero and Octavia became brother and sister. In order to arrange their marriage, Octavia had to be adopted into another family.
Their marriage was not a happy one. According to ancient writers, Nero had various affairs until his lover Poppaea Sabina convinced him to divorce his wife. Octavia was first exiled then executed in AD 62 on adultery charges. According to ancient writers, her banishment and death caused great unrest among the public, who sympathised with the dutiful Octavia.
No further motives were offered for Octavia’s death other than Nero’s passion for Poppaea, and we will probably never know what transpired at court. The fact that Octavia couldn’t produce an heir while Poppaea was pregnant with Nero’s daughter likely played an important role in deciding Octavia’s fate.
On 19 July AD 64, a fire started close to the Circus Maximus. The flames soon encompassed the entire city of Rome and the fire raged for nine days. Only four of the 14 districts of the capital were spared, while three were completely destroyed.
Rome had already been razed by flames – and would be again in its long history – but this event was so severe it came to be known as the Great Fire of Rome.
Later historians blamed Nero for the event, claiming that he set the capital ablaze in order to clear land for the construction of a vast new palace. According to Suetonius and Cassius Dio, Nero took in the view of the burning city from the imperial residence while playing the lyre and singing about the fall of Troy. This story, however, is fictional.
Tacitus, the only historian who was actually alive at the time of the Great Fire of Rome (although only 8 years old), wrote that Nero was not even in Rome when the fire started, but returned to the capital and led the relief efforts.
Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio all describe Nero as being blinded by passion for his wife Poppaea, yet they accuse him of killing her, allegedly by kicking her in an outburst of rage while she was pregnant.
Interestingly, pregnant women being kicked to death by enraged husbands is a recurring theme in ancient literature, used to explore the (self) destructive tendencies of autocrats. The Greek writer Herodotus tells the story of how the Persian king Cambyses kicked his pregnant wife in the stomach, causing her death. A similar episode is told of Periander, tyrant of Corinth. Nero is just one of many allegedly ‘mad’ tyrants for which this literary convention was used.
Poppaea probably died from complications connected with her pregnancy and not at Nero’s hands. She was given a lavish funeral and was deified.
Centred on greater Iran, the Parthian empire was a major political and cultural power and a long-standing enemy of Rome. The two powers had long been contending for control over the buffer state of Armenia and open conflict sparked again during Nero’s rule. The Parthian War started in AD 58 and, after initial victories and following set-backs, ended in AD 63 when a diplomatic solution was reached between Nero and the Parthian king Vologases I.
According to this settlement Tiridates, brother of the Parthian king, would rule over Armenia, but only after having travelled all the way to Rome to be crowned by Nero.
The journey lasted 9 months, Tiridates’ retinue included 3,000 Parthian horsemen and many Roman soldiers. The coronation ceremony took place in the summer of AD 66 and the day was celebrated with much pomp: all the people of Rome saw the new king of Armenia kneeling in front of Nero. This was the Golden Day of Nero’s rule
In AD 68, Vindex, the governor of Gaul (France), rebelled against Nero and declared his support for Galba, the governor of Spain. Vindex was defeated in battle by troops loyal to Nero, yet Galba started gaining more military support.
It was at this point that Nero lost the support of Rome’s people due to a grain shortage, caused by a rebellious commander who cut the crucial food supply from Egypt to the capital. Abandoned by the people and declared an enemy of the state by the senate, Nero tried to flee Rome and eventually committed suicide.
Following his death, Nero’s memory was condemned (a practice called damnatio memoriae) and the images of the emperor were destroyed, removed or reworked. However, Nero was still given an expensive funeral and for a long time people decorated his tomb with flowers, some even believing he was still alive.
After Nero’s death, civil war ensued. At the end of the so-called ‘Year of the Four Emperors’ (AD 69), Vespasian became emperor and started a new dynasty: the Flavians.
[Francesca Bologna, curator, for British Museum]
Taken in the British Museum
Catalog #: Casson_0080
Title: Apollo Capsule
Photo Credit: North American Aviation Inc., Space and Information Systems Division, Photographic Department
Year: 4/20/1966
Collection: Norm Casson Collection
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Interior view of the Apollo 2000 venue (originally the Marshall Square Theatre) on Cermak in Chicago's Little Village neighborhood. This 1917 vaudeville theater now hosts community events and concerts.
Catalog #: Casson_0009
Title: Apollo Lunar Capsule
Photo Credit: North American Aviation Inc., Space and Information Systems Division, Photographic Department
Year: 8/24/1966
Collection: Norm Casson Collection
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
One from my most recent Florida visit. This is Apollo Belvedere showing his all in St Armand's Circle ... oh for warm sunny days!
7 Days of Shooting Week #18 White Shoot Anything Saturday ....
Thanks to everyone who views this photo, adds a note, leaves a comment and of course BIG thanks to anyone who chooses to favourite my photo .... thanks to you all.
Apollo 15 selected photos of interesting specimen rocks on Moon's surface. I enhanced photos for clarity - some are rotated.
DRY SUITS are offered by many SCUBA GEAR & DIVE EQUIPMENT manufacturers. APOLLO DRYSUITS are the safest in the world due to their patented ankle valve system that makes buoyancy control a breeze and an uncontrolled feet first ascent a thing of the past. Apollo drysuits use only the highest quality Japanese Microcell Neoprene that minimises compression at depth while remaining both flexible and warm. Our SCUBA GEAR factories in Japan can custom make dry suits to any size and also provide a large range of off the shelf sizes.
After travelling almost 500,000 miles, the Apollo capsule floats under its three red and white parachutes before it splashes back to earth into the ocean.
To purchase prints go to scbb11Sketch's Imagekind
The inside of the Apollo seen from the street!
I was going for a walk from Waterloo to Soho and thought I'd take a few photos of the theatres for official-theatre.co.uk.
I was on Archer street when I saw this large opening on the wall. Wondering what was inside I approached and here is what I was facing.
Obviously, not my shot. This is a photo from the Flickr Apollo Archive, cropped and retouched to my linking. What an amazing portrait.
Original here : www.flickr.com/photos/projectapolloarchive/21755875070/in...
Pity there's no uncompressed Tiff to work with :(
A major challenge of the Apollo Program was designing a spacesuit that would endure temperatures ranging from +250F (121C) to -200F (-129C). It had to protect against ultraviolet radiation and micrometeroites, and seal out the vacuum of space while still allowing the astronauts to carry out their tasks.
"Lunar Wardrobe"
A liquid-cooled undergarment made of knitted nylon-spandex with 265 feet of plastic tubing was used to circulate cooling water from the Portable Life Support System. An outer pressure garment (spacesuit) of 18 layers including a helmet and gloves and provided meteroite and thermal protection. The elbows, shoulders, wrist, knee, waist and ankle joints were rubber coated allowing the astronauts limited movement for working on the Moon. Caps worn under the helmet had microphones and earphones. On later flights, a quart bag of drink water was attached inside the helmet. The gloves had fingertips made of silicon rubber to provide increased sensitivity.
Other componenets of thesuit included:
-an Extra Vehicula Activity (EVA) visor assembly which fit over the helmet and protected the astronaut from impact, thermal, ultraviolet and infrared rays.
-a Portable Life Support System (PLSS) backpack containing oxygen, cooling water and communications equipment. It also absorbed carbon dioxide and removed excess humidity from the air supply.
-an Oxygen Purge System (OPS) providing more than one hour of emergency air supply.
Apollo Belvedere
This Roman copy of the original Greek sculpture, rediscovered in 1489, was long admired as one of the most beautiful and balanced sculptures in the world. Apollo is either reaching for an arrow for his bow, or has just released one.
Vatican Museum, Vatican City
Honeymoon, Day 13
Universal Studios Hollywood
Los Angeles - California
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A major challenge of the Apollo Program was designing a spacesuit that would endure temperatures ranging from +250F (121C) to -200F (-129C). It had to protect against ultraviolet radiation and micrometeroites, and seal out the vacuum of space while still allowing the astronauts to carry out their tasks.
"Lunar Wardrobe"
A liquid-cooled undergarment made of knitted nylon-spandex with 265 feet of plastic tubing was used to circulate cooling water from the Portable Life Support System. An outer pressure garment (spacesuit) of 18 layers including a helmet and gloves and provided meteroite and thermal protection. The elbows, shoulders, wrist, knee, waist and ankle joints were rubber coated allowing the astronauts limited movement for working on the Moon. Caps worn under the helmet had microphones and earphones. On later flights, a quart bag of drink water was attached inside the helmet. The gloves had fingertips made of silicon rubber to provide increased sensitivity.
Other componenets of thesuit included:
-an Extra Vehicula Activity (EVA) visor assembly which fit over the helmet and protected the astronaut from impact, thermal, ultraviolet and infrared rays.
-a Portable Life Support System (PLSS) backpack containing oxygen, cooling water and communications equipment. It also absorbed carbon dioxide and removed excess humidity from the air supply.
-an Oxygen Purge System (OPS) providing more than one hour of emergency air supply.
The Apollo Theater in New York City is one of the most famous music halls in the United States. It is located at 253 W. 125th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, specifically in Harlem.
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Apollo arriving at Rosyth for Navy Days - 1984.
HMS Apollo (F70) was a Batch 3B Broadbeam Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy (RN). She was, like the rest of the class, named after a figure of mythology. Apollo was built by Yarrow Shipbuilders of Scotstoun. She was launched on the 15th October 1970 and commissioned on the 28th May 1972 (the penultimate Leander).
Propulsion: 2 x steam turbines developing 30,000 HP providing a top speed of 28 Knots and a range of 4,000 miles at 15 Knots.
Dimensions: 2,500 tonnes (standard load)/2962 tonnes (full load) displacement; 372 ft length; 43 ft beam and 18 ft draught.
Both the Apollo and the Ariadne are easily distinguished from the other Leanders' by their 'witches hat' - fitted to the top of the foremast as a part of the electronic warfare array.
Apollo was fitted out as a general purpose frigate. Her armaments were: 2 x 4.5 inch (114mm) Vickers 45 Mk6 naval guns mounted in a single twin turret with MRS3/Plessey Type 904 gunnery control system; quadruple Seacat missile launcher platform with GWS22 guidance system; Mk10 anti-submarine triple barrel mortar tubes (auto-load, 92kg warhead); Westland Wasp helicopter and two 20mm Oerlikon heavy machine guns.
She saw her first 'action' during the Second Cod War in 1973, during the fishing disputes with Iceland, when Apollo, while on a Fishery Protection Patrol, was rammed by the Icelandic gunboat V/s Ægiron 29/8/73.
In January 1977 the UK extended its territorial waters from 12 miles to 200 miles to create an Exclusive Economic Zone for fishery rights. Apollo took turns with other frigates to police the North Sea pending the introduction into service of the Island Class fishery protection vessels. This short action was termed 'The Herring War'.
In 1977, Apollo took part in the last Fleet Review of the Royal Navy so far, in celebration of HM the Queen's Silver Jubilee. As Captain of the Second Frigate Squadron, Apollo was responsible for anchorages of all warships at the Royal Fleet Review. In recognition of this work, the admiralty awarded the ship four rather than two 1977 QEII Silver Jubilee Medals. Apollo was positioned in the middle of HM ships Hardy and Salisbury.
Apollo was intended to be modernised, which would have included the removal of her one 4.5-in twin gun, which would have been replaced by the Exocet anti-ship missile, but the modernisation was cancelled due to the 1981 Defence Review by the minister John Nott. In July 1982, Apollo was sent to patrol the South Atlantic in the aftermath of the Falklands War and returned home in September. In late 1983, Apollo once again returned to the South Atlantic. On this occasion Apollo encountered heavy seas in the South Atlantic that damaged her hull.
In 1988, Apollo's Royal Navy career came to an end when she was decommissioned and subsequently sold to Pakistan, being renamed PNS Zulfiqar. From 1991-93 she underwent a major refit - 20mm and seacat system replaced by twin 25mm mounts, Westland Wasp replaced by SA 319B Alouette III helicopter (standard PN helo). Zulfiqar continued in service for 18 years with the Pakistan Navy until 29 October 2006 when she was decommissioned into training