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Inside the Apollo 10 Command Module, Science Museum, London. Panel 2 of the Main Display Console is visible with the computer display and keyboard on the left.
Original photo credit NASA.
A friend stitched these photos from the NASA archives using www.cs.ubc.ca/~mbrown/autostitch/autostitch.html
Catalog #: Casson_0028
Title: Apollo Capsule Parachute
Photo Credit: North American Aviation Inc., Space and Information Systems Division, Photographic Department
Year: 1/20/1967
Collection: Norm Casson Collection
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side,_Turkey
Side (Greek: Σίδη) is an ancient Greek city on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, a resort town and one of the best-known classical sites in the country. It lies near Manavgat and the village of Selimiye, 78 km from Antalya in the province of Antalya.[1]
It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.
History[edit]
Strabo and Arrian both record that Side was founded by Greek settlers from Cyme in Aeolis, a region of western Anatolia. This most likely occurred in the 7th century BC. Its tutelary deity was Athena, whose head adorned its coinage.
Dating from the tenth century B.C., its coinage bore the head of Athena (Minerva), the patroness of the city, with a legend. Its people, a piratical horde, quickly forgot their own language to adopt that of the aborigines.
Possessing a good harbour for small-craft boats, Side's natural geography made it one of the most important places in Pamphylia and one of the most important trade centres in the region. According to Arrian, when settlers from Cyme came to Side, they could not understand the dialect. After a short while, the influence of this indigenous tongue was so great that the newcomers forgot their native Greek and started using the language of Side. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in this language. The inscriptions, dating from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, remain undeciphered, but testify that the local language was still in use several centuries after colonisation. Another object found in the excavations at Side, a basalt column base from the 7th century BC and attributable to the Neo-Hittites, provides further evidence of the site's early history. The name Side may be Anatolian in origin, meaning pomegranate.[citation needed]
Next to no information exists concerning Side under Lydian and Persian sovereignty.
Alexander the Great[edit]
Vespasian Gate
Temple of Apollo
Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture, which flourished from the 4th to the 1st century BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yet, despite these occupations, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural centre.
Walls of the ancient theatre of Side
In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes, supported by Rome and Pergamum, defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general Hannibal. The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus the Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlord-ship of the Seleucid Empire. The Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum. However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga, leaving Eastern Pamphylia in a state of uncertain freedom. This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct a new harbour in the city of Attalia (the present Antalya), although Side already possessed an important harbour of its own. Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted its own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory).
In the 1st century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a centre for their slave-trade.
Romans[edit]
The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later the Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of Rome and beginning its second period of ascendancy, when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire.[2]
Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Side began another prosperous period as a commercial centre in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the 3rd century AD. Side also established itself as a slave-trading centre in the Mediterranean. Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as the games and gladiator fights. Most of the extant ruins at Side date from this period of prosperity.
One of the maps (portolani) of Piri Reis, taken from the Kitab-i Bahriye, which Piri produced in several editions, supplementing in 1520, but integrating it into subsequent editions.
Side was the home of Eustathius of Antioch, of the philosopher Troilus, of the fifth-century ecclesiastical writer Philip; of the famous lawyer Tribonian.[3]
Decline[edit]
Side began a steady decline from the 4th century on. Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions of highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Side experienced a revival, and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the 7th century, contributing to its decline. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site abandoned by the 10th century, its citizens having emigrated to nearby Antalya.[2]
In the 12th century, Side temporarily established itself once more as a large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Antalya, and Side became known as Eski Adalia 'Old Antalya' and was buried.
A hospital dating back to the 6th century.
This portion of the main street in Side is lined with the ruins of homes or shops, many of which feature their original mosaic tile flooring.
Ecclesiastical history[edit]
As capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia Prima, Side was ecclesiastically the metropolitan see. The earliest known bishop was Epidaurus, presiding at the Synod of Ancyra, 314. Others are John, fourth century; Eustathius, 381; Amphilochius, 426-458, who played an important part in the history of the time; Conon, 536; Peter, 553; John, 680-692; Mark, 879; Theodore, 1027-1028; Anthimus, present at the synod held at Constantinople in 1054; John, then counsellor to the Emperor Michael VII Ducas, presided at a council on the worship of images, 1082; Theodosius and his successor Nicetas, twelfth century. John, present at a synod at Constantinople in 1156. The Notitiae Episcopatuum continued to mention Side as a metropolis of Pamphylia until the thirteenth century. It does not appear in the "Notitia" of Andronicus III. From other documents we learn that in 1315 and for some time previous to that, Sidon had bishops of its own — the Bishop of Sinope was called to the position, but was unable to leave his own diocese; this call was repeated in 1338 and 1345. In 1397 the diocese was united with that of Attalia; in 1400 the Metropolitan of Perge and Attalia was at the same time the administrator of Side.[4][citation needed]
No longer a residential see, Side is today included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.[5]
Ruins[edit]
The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. They cover a large promontory where a wall and a moat separate it from the mainland. During medieval times, the wall and moat were repaired and the promontory houses a wealth of structures.
There are colossal ruins of a theatre complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheatre that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals. The Roman style was adopted because Side lacked a convenient hillside that could be hollowed out in the usual Greek fashion more typical of Asia Minor. The theatre is less preserved than the theatre at Aspendos, but it is almost as large, seating 15,000–20,000 people. With time and the shifting of the earth, the scena wall has collapsed over the stage and the proscenium is in a cataract of loose blocks. It was converted into an open-air sanctuary with two chapels during Byzantine times (5th or 6th century).
The well-preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate (Megale Pyle) of the ancient city, although this gate from the 2nd century BC is badly damaged. Next comes the colonnaded street, whose marble columns are no longer extant; all that remains are a few broken stubs near the old Roman baths. The street leads to the public bath, restored as a museum displaying statues and sarcophagi from the Roman period. Next is the square agora with the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd century BC), a periptery with twelve columns, in the middle. In later times it was used as a trading centre where pirates sold slaves. The remains of the theatre, which was used for gladiator fights and later as a church, and the monumental gate date back to the 2nd century. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theatre. The fountain gracing the entrance is restored. At the left side are the remains of a Byzantine Basilica. A public bath has also been restored.[2]
The remaining ruins of Side include three temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Side's nymphaeum – a grotto with a natural water supply dedicated to the nymphs – was an artificial grotto or fountain building of elaborate design.
There is also a virtually unknown, but expansive site, up in the Taurus foothills, several miles inland, known locally as Seleucia. Virtually unknown to the outside world and not represented on the internet at all, it is the Roman garrison, built by Marc Anthony, to support the city of Side. It covers at least a couple of square miles and is almost completely unexcavated, apart from two weeks in 1975, when the Turkish government funded two weeks of excavations. The site was, apparently, finally abandoned in the 7th century, when an earthquake caused the spring which fed the site with water to dry up completely. Many of the buildings are in remarkably good shape, particularly since, due to the lack of available stone, a significant quantity of the sites stonework contains egg and gravel based concrete blocks.[citation needed]
Turkish archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so
Red Apollo Butterfly. Parnassius apollo in the hills of Upper Franconia, Germany. Rare endangered white butterfly with characteristic red eye on the back. Macro with very shallow depth of field
Employees with Boeing march in the “Man on the Moon” astronaut parade in Cocoa Beach, Florida, on July 13, 2019. The parade was held to honor the 50th anniversary of NASA’s Saturn V/Apollo 11 launch and landing on the Moon. Photo credit: NASA/Ben Smegelsky
Apollo House, Apollolaan and Stadionweg, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Office building the Apollo House is a national monument. It was built in 1938-1939 by architect Dirk Roosenburg as the headquarters of the National Insurance Administration, later Social Insurance. It consists of a 10 meter high building ring and a 40 meter high building along a diameter of the ring. It has a steel frame coated with white ceramic plates. It is also known by the nickname 'Ocean liner'.
Walking with Lucas through Amsterdam. See more of our pictures here.
Interior view of the Apollo 2000 venue (originally the Marshall Square Theatre) on Cermak in Chicago's Little Village neighborhood. This 1917 vaudeville theater now hosts community events and concerts.
The old Apollo Theater building on Harford Road in Batlimore. Now housing the Baltimore Tabernacle of Prayer.
Seen at National Air and Space Museum, Washington, District of Columbia.
An Apollo moon lander shown as it would have looked right after the lunar landing, as an astronaut walks down the ladder onto the lunar surface.
The Lunar Module is built strictly to fly in the vacuum of space. It is divided into the descent stage which touches down on the lunar surface and has life support and other mechanical systems (and in some cases, the lunar rover), and the ascent stage with room for two astronauts and controls. At the conclusion of the lunar surface activities, the descent stage remained on the Moon as the launchpad, and only the ascent stage flew back to the lunar orbit to rendezvous with the rest of the Apollo spaceship; afterwards, the ascent stage was discarded and crashed into the Moon (except for Apollo 10, whose Lunar Module, Snoopy, went into solar orbit).
Fifteen Lunar Modules were commissioned for the Apollo program, of which twelve were completed to flight-ready status. Of those, this is the second one built, originally intended for a second unmanned test in Earth orbit (following the first one's unmanned test on Apollo 5), but as the first test had been successful, it was unused and preserved. The ninth Lunar Module was also unused and preserved. Among the used Lunar Modules, Nos. 1 (Apollo 5), 3 (Apollo 9), and 7 (Apollo 13, where it served as the lifeboat for the crippled command module) burned up in the Earth's atmosphere, Nos. 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 12 were used for successful lunar landings (10-12 were redesigned to hold the Lunar Rover), and No. 4 was the Apollo 10 mission.
During the early design phase, the Lunar Module was known as the Lunar Excursion Module, though due to the word "excursion" sounding rather frivolous, the name was shortened. However, the acronym LEM, simply pronounced as a word, stayed, out of the engineers' habit, and the Lunar Module continued to be referred to as "lem" all the way to the end of the Apollo program.
I didn't make very many original changes to the descent module. The main one was to change the standard propellant and oxidiser tanks to slightly larger domed tanks in a more correct colour.
A copy of the Apollo Belvedere, in front of an ugly 1960s sculpture academy in Moscow. The original is in the Vatican:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Belvedere
Brownie Hawkeye, developed at home, the negative photographed and inverted on the computer.
Apollo. final plaster model. 1996.
Apolo. Modelo final em gesso (português).
Apolo. modelo final en yeso ( español).
Apolo. modello finale dell'intonaco (italiano).
Century VI quatrain 33
His hand finally through the bloody ALUS,
He will be unable to protect himself by sea,
Between two rivers he will fear the military hand,
The black and angry one will make him repent of it.
On the basis of style, the production of the Piraeus Apollo is usually set at approximately 520 B.C. or slightly later. If his simple frontal stance is to be expected in a sixth-century work, the marked inclination of the head in conjunction with the freely extended arms invites a certain contact with the viewer, an unusual feature for the kouros type. Throughout the Archaic period this freedom of movement is associated more with bronze statuettes than with marble sculptures of kouroi, and in this respect the artist of the Piraeus Apollo may have been influenced by small works in bronze and by the stylistic opportunities afforded by the ease of modeling instead of carving a work.
Considering the metalwork, we found the early bronzes cast solid, the originals being probably of wax, coated with a clay mantle to serve as mold. Early in the seventh century the model may be given a core of other material which can be worked out of the final cast, lightening it and saving bronze. The ultimate refinement is to make the core nearly the size of the desired figure, coat it with wax with finished detail to the required thickness of the bronze, then make the clay mantle, fixing it to the core with rods, melting out the wax, pouring in the bronze. This is the technique, still experimental, of the Piraeus kouros which yet encloses the iron skeleton on which the model was built. Its wrists and hands are solid and there is less use of inlay (as for the eyes, a practice well known in marble) than for most later, large bronzes on which a redder copper might be used for lips and nipples. Later too this “lost-wax” technique was refined with the use of piece molds.
It has been suggested that the Piraeus Apollo and the other statues found with it were brought as a group from a sanctuary on Delos to Piraeus in 88 B.C., and were in storage there when the port city was destroyed by Sulla two years later.
Sources
John Boardman, “Greek Sculpture – The Archaic Period, a Handbook”
Carol C. Mattusch, “Greek Bronze Statuary: From the Beginnings Through the 5th Century BC”
Bronze sculpture
Height 192 cm
High Archaic period
ca. 530 - 520 BC
From Delos [?]
Piraeus - Archaeological Museum
Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (gen.: Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Latin: Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greco–Roman Neopaganism, and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.
As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.
I tried to describe as accurately as possible the different structures you can see here.
The Apollo 11 landing site is also figured out : in the southern mare tranquillitatis selected because it was a relatively flat and smooth area.
FZ28 EZ,78x (optical zoom : 4xx)
Appolo 8 by Brian Smith aged 7 and a half
Mixed media: felt, wool, cotton wool, bit of someone's jumper, PVA glue on card
It's 40 years ago today that Apollo 11, with Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins became the first manned flight to land on the Moon.
Today I remembered that one of the few pieces of artwork that I produced in my Primary School years survived and was stored in amongst the piles of photographs upstairs. A quick manned expedition up there soon uncovered it.
Ok, the spelling wasn't great back then, but I remember being well chuffed when Miss Irvine chose this to be displayed in the corridor (maybe she couldn't spell Apollo either). I was 7 or 8 years old at the time and it's not the famous Apollo 11 flight that's been illustrated, but the Apollo 8 mission that launched on December 21st 1968 (when I would have been 1 year, 2 months and 2 weeks old exactly). This mission was the first to orbit the moon and paved the way for the eventual moon landing nearly two years later. I'm not sure why I chose this one, but it was indeed a piece of artwork that became prophetic as I did become an astronaut with NASA.
I wished...
Ok, it was prophetic in a way as it encouraged my artistic side so that in later years I became a Graphic Designer and now teach Art and Design at college.
Can't remember the last time I seen a drawing or painting of a Saturn V rocket though.
With the descent module largely complete I added the landing radar array and it's associated heat shield and plated-in the underside of the module to give the stepped appearance of the original.
Dolores O'Riordan
The re-formed Irish rockers returned to London in support of their sixth studio album Roses.
Their set was hit-laden with classics from their 1990's heyday as well as peppered with tracks spanning their
career including lead singer Dolores O'Riordan solo efforts and from their latest record.
This tandem, made by Apollo Cycle Company, was donated to Adventure Cycling Association. We don’t know much about this bike, but we’d like to.
Simulation of the time and position of Apollo 8 when the crew made their famous reading from Genesis on Christmas Eve 1968. Orbiter 2005 with Apollo/NASSP 6.4.2 Apollo 8 scenarios.
The circular Temple of Apollo
sits high on a hill at the western end of the garden.
It was inspired by the temple of Baalbec in Syria
and built in 1765 by the architect Henry Flitcroft.
Richard Colt Hoare, the grandson of Henry Hoare II, inherited Stourhead in 1783 He added the library wing to the mansion, and in the garden was responsible for the building of the boathouse and the removal of several features that were not in keeping with the classical and gothic styles (including a Turkish Tent). He also considerably enhanced the planting - the Temple of Apollo rises from a wooded slope that was planted in Colt Hoare's time. With the antiquarian passion of the times, he had 400 ancient burial mounds dug up in order to inform his pioneering History of Ancient Wiltshire.
A miniature replica of Stourhead House featured as Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward's residence in the Thunderbirds television series.
Temple of Apollo and Palladian Bridge can be seen in the 2005 movie Pride & Prejudice.
Keira Knightley, as Elizabeth Bennett, stands in the Apollo Temple at Stourhead when she is rejecting Mr Darcy in the 2005 film of Pride and Prejudice and runs across the Palladian bridge over the lake.
Shot taken of new dome.
Link with info about the making of Apollo New Face
stourheadnt.wordpress.com/2010/02/19/apollo-the-making-of...
Below are shots of the new Dome and a close up of Apollo's face.