View allAll Photos Tagged Absorption
We Humans need sunlight to manufacture vitamin D. This vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium that is important for strong bones and overall health. So if like me you are feeling a little low on vitamin D, hope this image is of some help. Spring and summer is just around the corner. Have a great weekend everyone, take care.
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1. It can promote early germination of tomatoes, long root system and strong seedlings, enhance the absorption of nutrients and water, and enhance crop resistance to cold, drought and stress
2. It can promote the early flowering of tomatoes, increase the fruit setting rate, good coloring, early maturity, good taste, high sugar content, improve quality, market early, and extend the storage time of tomatoes
3. Improve the quality of tomatoes and increase the sugar and vitamin C content of the fruit.
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The largest humic fulvic factory in China
Phone:+86-371-60992820
Whatsapp : 8615139002620
E-mail:wendy@khumic.com
Website: www.khumic.com
Office:Juyimogen Business Center,No.59 Huayuan Road,Zhengzhou,China(Mainland).
Factory: Naomaohu Industrial Park, Hami City, Xinjiang Province, China
The gradual absorption of "self" identity, while in a meditation session. Perspective of a beginner's anxieties with the prominence of such an identity surfacing, and learning to accept the identity.
Source of original photo: wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1795/PreviewComp/SuperS...
Purpose: future learn course assignment (Identity, Conflict and Public Space)
Staff scientist Sam Webb places a sample into an X-ray absorption experimental station at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). This endstation was used to take data for a NASA-funded experiment looking at bacteria found in Mono Lake, CA that substitute arsenic for phosphorous within their DNA.
This setup is also used by visiting researchers investigating environmental contamination and other studies that require high-resolution chemical mapping—for example, finding ways to clean up toxins in soil by first precisely identifying them, or understanding disease by pinpointing harmful compounds in samples of brain tissue.
(Brad Plummer/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)
The Grand Canyon is a very wide and deep canyon in the north of the American state of Arizona. Over millions of years, the waters of the Colorado have created this gap in the landscape. This extreme erosion was made possible by the fact that the area in which the gap is located rose further and higher. The Colorado erodes about 16 cm every 1000 years. The canyon is about 435 kilometers long and has a width that varies between 15 and 29 kilometers. According to measurements, the rock that is now exposed is approximately 2 billion years old. The geological structure is part of the Grand Staircase.
From the age of the canyon itself, very different assignments were made in various published studies. A study published in Nature came to 70 million years. A very recent study comes to 6 million years.
Despite the great width, the other side of the canyon is clearly visible from almost every point. This is due to the extremely low humidity in the desert-like area, so that the light absorption here is extremely low.
The walls of the Grand Canyon are streaked reddish due to the different compositions of the layers in succession. The Grand Canyon's red rock is prized at its most beautiful just after sunrise and just before sunset. It is therefore often recommended to visit the Canyon around these times.
Source: Wikipedia
Space diapers - these ones have Sally Ride's name tag on the back. Developed for female crewmembers to wear during launch or EVAs. Men used to wear urine collection hoses and bags. Now both male and female astronauts prefer the commercially available disposable diapers.
Page spread from Urban Noir magazine (Issue 1 - September 2011) featuring model Molly Noelle Graham (MM#2218021). Hairstyles, makeup, and talent management by Lara Graham. Photography, graphic design, and writing by Will Stotler (MM#1338163). This was an experiment in developing a coherent, modern magazine design from scratch.
See more of Molly Noelle Graham in her set.
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Text from this spread follows
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TOUCH & FEEL (cont.)
Not all surfaces are created equal—some can be leveraged to imbue the image with an appropriate Urban Noir feel, others not.
A staple of film noir is the use of large areas of shadow, concealing details while revealing others for a combined melodramatic and psychological impact. Textures are secondary in film noir, yet vital, as they catch or reflect the light to add depth or suggest a mood. Urban Noir reveals the model’s inner psychology partly through texture—glass and concrete for a hard, cold edge, asphalt and wood for a more organic, natural feel—yet still urban.
As a final point about the touch and feel of an Urban Noir photograph it is worth saying that in the absence of black and white film grain, the muted colors of the city, projected through their textures, surround and add to the model’s inner world as revealed in the image.
Caption: Thoughtful and posed before brilliantly reflective aluminum, strikingly positioned on stained white-painted concrete, or framed on golden stucco, Molly Noelle Graham’s inner states of mind are exposed through the touch and feel of her environment—from reflective to absorptive.
Caption: Weathered painted wood, rusted iron bars, a hint of concrete sidewalk—Molly Noelle Graham's introspective mood is communicated through supporting textures.
Laser Tattoo Removal Post-Treatment Advice
The area to be treated should be free from make-up, perfume, deodorant and body or face creams.
GF Family
The area should not be sun-tanned. Use of sun beds or exposure to strong sunlight is not advised
prior to treatment. Dark suntans must be left to fade before treatment can start and fake tan should
not be applied.
A medical history is taken at consultation, but we rely on you to inform us of any changes to this.
We need to know of any medication you are taking, even those bought from a chemist or herbal
The immediate whitening of the treated area is the reaction of the ink to the absorption of the laser
light energy creating steam within the surface of your skin, this usually only lasts for several minutes.
Post-treatment skincare
Post treatment skin care divides into three areas:
Immediately after treatment, the area is best left alone completely for 24 hours.
After 24 hours antiseptic ointment or 1% hydrocortisone cream (available 'over the counter' at most chemists) can be used up to 3 times a day for 7 days. A sterile dressing should be used to cover the treated area for at least the first 3 days. It may be necessary to use a dressing for the duration of healing to protect the area if there is risk of damage from treated area rubbing on clothes (e.g. on waistband).
Cold compresses and ice packs may be used as needed after the laser treatment for any discomfort or inflammation, you can also take paracetamol for relief but not aspirin. This is because aspirin thins the blood, can increase the chance of bruising and bleeding, and can hamper the healing process.
Aloe Vera gel can also help improve skin comfort and reduce swelling or post-treatment redness.
Do not pick or rub, picking at scabs or allowing the treated area to get scraped increases your
chance of getting an infection and also increases your chance of developing a scar.
Short to medium term
Within the first 24 hours the area may become reddened and swollen which will settle in a few days and may feel similar to sunburn. The skin is fragile and needs gentle handling. Blisters sometimes appear and may be large. Do not worry, as this is not unusual.
Blisters usually last anywhere from 2-3 days to 2 weeks, depending on skin sensitivity. There are some rules that must be followed to avoid further complications:
Do not disturb the blister, this is nature’s “Elastoplast” and the skin will heal naturally under the blister. The blister will dry to form a “crust” and it will be shed by the skin when it is no longer required. The new skin will look “shiny” and will take a few weeks to return to a normal look and feel. Always:
o Wear clean, loose fitting clothes where possible
o Keep the area clean and dry. After washing, pat the area dry – do not rub
o If the blister bursts, do not panic – however it is important to keep the area clean. You can apply
Savlon or Vaseline
o Apply a non-adherent dressing if advised to do so
o Do not use make-up, perfumed products, toners, astringents or soap on the treated area until
healed
o Be careful with sprays, such as deodorants
o Do not shave over a blistered area
o Exercise is OK after treatment, considering all other after care instructions are practised but
avoid excess sweating for 48 hours after treatment.
o Do not soak the treated area until the skin has completely healed. - hot tubs, swimming pools or
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baths are not recommended as this increase the chances of infection. Showers are OK, but don’t allow the shower steam to hit the affected area. Do not keep treated area under running water or have the water too hot. Remember to pat dry, don’t rub the area.
o Hydrate the body by drinking plenty of water,
o Due to the dehydrating effect of the laser treatment, itching is very common. Aquaphor,
hydrocortisone cream, or vitamin E ointment can be used to the treated area.
o Call the studio immediately if the area looks infected or you are concerned in any way
Long term
Once post-treatment skin changes have subsided and the skin texture has returned to normal you will be ready for a follow up treatment. There may still be some reddening if the immune response is still active and, in any case, you must leave at least 4 weeks before any follow up.
You should take the following steps to reduce the risks of long term pigment disturbance:
Always wear at least a Factor 25+ sun block and reapply frequently, or better still cover with a dressing
Do not expose the treated area of your skin to UV light before and between treatments (natural sunlight and sun beds)
Do not apply fake/ spray tan to the area to be treated
There is also a risk, increasing with the number of treatments, of textural skin changes that can lead to scarring. If, after the skin in the treatment area has settled down, it feels lumpy or thickened, the matter should be raised prior to your next treatment. Depending on the situation, the clinic may recommend a longer treatment interval and/or the use of a topical silica gel product.
Adverse Reactions
As different people react to laser tattoo removals differently, it’s important that you keep a look out for skin changes after undergoing treatment. It is normal to experience scabs, blisters, crusts and swelling for a fortnight.
However if you have any extreme reactions or experience any of the following symptoms you have to immediately seek medical attention:
Persistent pain, which won’t go away with over-the-counter pain medication.
The treated area looks infected (yellow or honey coloured oozing and crusting)
Fever over 100°C.
If the treated tattoo area becomes swollen
Excessive bleeding or any drainage.
Although times can vary, complete healing usually takes 4-6 weeks, the process which breaks down the tattoo ink begins 2 weeks after the laser treatment. The ink will continue to evacuate until about the 6 week post treatment mark. Ideally, treatments should be scheduled 6 weeks apart.
Laser Tattoo Removal Follow Up
Follow after care advice and keep good standards of hygiene
Follow up treatments should be scheduled every 6 weeks.
Consistent repeated treatments will produce the best resolution of tattoos or pigmented lesions.
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Doctors for tattoo removal in Chennai, find doctors near you. Book Doctor's Appointment Online, View Cost for Permanent Tattoo ...
Tattoo Removal Cost In Chennai. The average price of tattoo removal in Chennai, differs from clinic to clinic, with base starting price is between Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 7,000 per session. The size of your tattoo determines the number of sessions.
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The rising Sun coming up very red amid hazy skies, at dawn on Aug 8, 2014, shot from home in Alberta. Shot with the Canon 6D and 200mm lens, handheld, with metered exposure.
The Vibration Mounts acts as a vibrator arrestor in heavy machinery. These mounts are designed for progressive absorption of loads.
Electronic Absorption Spectra of Conjugated Dyes: Particle-in-a-Box Model.
Red = 1,1-diethyl 2,2-cyanine iodide
Blue = 1,1-diethyl 2,2-carbocyanine chloride
Beautiful but toxic.
Types of mechanical flotation machine flotation machine, inflatable flotation machine, flotation machine or hybrid inflatable flotation machine, gas precipitation flotation machine.Mechanical flotation machineMechanical flotation machine and stirring the pulp of the inflatable are achieved by a mechanical agitator, air flotation machine is outside theSelf-priming flotation machines, pneumatic stirrer suction pump with similar characteristics, both air and self-absorption self absorption slurry.Mechanical flotation machine (commonly known as type A) which is characterized by:First, the cover is installed on the guide vanes 18 to 20.Second, the impeller, cover, vertical axis, the intake pipe, bearings, pulleys and other assembled - a whole part.Third, the trough installed in a circle around the vertical fin plate to prevent the pulp produced vortex.
Inflatable agitated flotation machineIts characteristics are:
1, inflated the amount of easy to separate regulation;
2, mechanical stirrer wear small;
3, the sorting index is better;
4, power consumption low.
Inflatable flotation machineInflatable flotation machine:
1, structural features: no mechanical stirrer is no transmission components;
2, inflatable features: inflatable device, the bubble size by the inflator restructuring; 3, bubbles mixed with the slurry characteristics: upstream mixed.
Uses: treatment composed of simple, high-grade, easy to choose ore sweep the election.
Flotation Machine Features
Flotation device has the following characteristics: low power consumption. Each slot both suction, suction slurry and flotation triple function, since as flotation circuit, without any auxiliary machine tools, the level of configuration, ease of process changes. Pulp cycle is reasonable, to minimize sand sedimentation. Cycle on the leaves in the pulp, the pulp produced under the leaves under the cycle.
Flotation machine working principle
Sorting machine is mainly used for flotation of copper, zinc, lead, nickel, gold and other non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals and can also be used for the roughing and selected non-metallic. Sorting machine driven by the impeller rotation V-belt drive motor, a centrifugal role in the formation of negative pressure, on the one hand inhalation of pulp mixed with sufficient air, mixing the pulp with the drug combination on the one hand, and refined bubble, the bubble on top of mineral bond, floating to the surface and then form a slurry bubble mineralization. Ram height adjustment, control surface, so that was useful for foam scraper scraped off.Slurry after mixing for pharmaceutical and flotation of the first chamber into the slot beneath the impeller rotation, a negative pressure in the wheel cavity, making the tank bottom and slot in the next slurry by the impeller and the suction into the suction mixing zone, the gas also makes the air along the guide sleeve into the mixing zone, pulp, air and mixed pharmaceutical here.In the impeller centrifugal force, a mixture of pulp into the mineralized zone, the formation of air bubbles and was crushed, and full access to coal particles, the formation of mineralized bubbles and turbulence in the stator plate under the action of uniformly distributed in the tank section, and move up into the separation zone, rich foam layer formed by the discharge body blow bubbles, the formation of coal bubble.Sorting swivel slow rotation, when the sorting room into the floating market area, this time selected by the slurry distributor of materials to six points, respectively, to the choice of site, the weak magnetic mineral particles being sucked in the tooth plate and with the sorting ring rotation. Non-magnetic mineral particles in the gravity and effect of pulp flow through the gap tooth plate, into the lower part of the tailings sorting ring slot. Go to the ore separation room cleaning position, a small amount of wash water to enter, the inclusion of the gangue, even with the body wash into the tailings and sludge tank (the machine is not set in the mine shafts) to concentrate to improve the quality of purposes. When the sorting room to the location of the magnetic field is weak (the concentrate rinse area), is injected into the pressure of water, will suck in the teeth of a weak magnetic board mineral particles into the concentrate tank.
Mineralization above the bottom of the coal particles will not cycle through the suction hole and once again mixed, mineralization and separation. Impeller tank bottom is not part of the pulp, the pulp through a buried mine in the box under the slot into the second chamber, the first room to complete the whole process, the third room, flotation machine again and again, the pulp through the last tailings discharged into the tank room final tailings.
Flotation machine Description
Floating concentrator flotation machine is short. In the flotation machine, pharmaceutical treatment by adding the slurry, by stirring inflation, which some mineral particles to selectively fixed in the bubble above; float to the surface to be scraped off a bubble slurry product, the rest remain in the pulp, in order to achieve the purpose of separation of minerals. Flotation structure in many forms, most commonly used mechanical flotation machine.
This is the same Stuart, with the same red t-shirt, photographed with the same camera and lens, again without a strobe, in 37 meters of depth. Wow! The red has turned completely black. Water absorbs long wavelengths (red) most effectively, and by the time divers reach 37 meters, very little red light is left to reflect from the red t-shirt.
We did this dive to become PADI deep diving instructors, so if you like, I can now teach you to dive deep safely in the Deep Diver course with Abyss Scuba Diving in Sydney. Ask to be taught by me when you contact Abyss.
Test of various filters for blue light absorption. The goal is to find the best filter to get the darkest blue channel while preserving the red and green channels. Logic dictates this would be some sort yellow filter (white minus blue). Such a filter, if used on a full spectrum camera, would generate a pure IR image in the blue channel. In theory, by subtracting the IR image from the Red and Green (which are really Red+IR and Green+IR), clean IR, Red and Green channels can by derived, thus allowing creation of IRG-mapped (EIR film style) images from a single shot.
Looks like Tiffen #12 is the best filter.
This image is posted for this discussion group:
www.flickr.com/groups/55027594@N00/discuss/72157601045395...
Nike Air Force 1 High 07 LV8, Men’s Size 9.5, Light Bone, Sequoia, 806403-008, UPC: 00884497517940, leather and suede upper, Khaki rubber midsole and outsole, color-blocked side panels, “Nike AIR” printed on heel, Nike Swoosh on the sides, Ankle strap for security, tongue with Nike Air branding, Midsole Air-sole for impact absorption, Rubber outsole, Air-Sole cushioning unit,
Main Electronics Box (MEB)
Contains the majority of electrical connections and components vital for SAM's functionality.
Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS)
The TLS uses absorption of light at specific wavelengths to measure concentrations and isotope ratios of specific chemicals important to life: methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Gas Chromatograph (GC)
The GC has six different chromatographic columns. The GC assembly sorts and detects individual volatile compounds it separates from complex mixtures of gases through long (-100 feet and narrow (-1/100 in inner diameter) metal tubes (wound into coils) with a stream of helium gas, it sorts the gas molecules through interactions of the gas molecules with a stationary phase inside the metal tube: the gases elute from the column at different times known as the "retention time" of the compound. Once the gases elute from the column they are detected directly by thermal conductivity (TCD) and are identified by mass to charge ratio using electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS)
Wide Range Pump (WRP)
The wide range pump, about 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) across, spins at up to 100,000 revolutions per minute for moving gases out of the system between analyses of different samples.
Solid Sample Inlet Tubes (SSIT)
This is where the rover's robotic arm will deliver powdered samples that the rover drills from rocks or scoops from soil. The inlet is a highly polished funnel that vibrates to get all of the sample material down into a cup at the bottom of the tube.
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS)
This identifies gases by the molecular weight and electrical charge of their ionized states. It will check for several elements important for life as we know it, including carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrtogen, oxygen and phosphorus contained in volatile molecules.
Sample Manipulation System (SMS)
The SMS consists of a double ring carousel that holds 74 individual cups where solid samples can be received from the solid sample inlet tube (SSIT) and placed inside one of two pyrolysis ovens. 59 quarts cups can be heated up to very high temperatures (-1800 degrees Fahrenheit) to extract gases from the powdered samples. 9 fluid filled sealed metal cups that can be punctured inside the SMS are used for lower temperature wet chemistry experiments designed to search for certain polar organic compounds including amino acids and carboxylic acids. The other 6 metal cups containing solid samples for instrument calibration.
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Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Test Bed, Building 34 Room C-180
SAM is a suite of instruments onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, SAM's five science goals address three of the most fundamental questions about the ability of Mars to support life - past, present and future.
Presenter: Melissa Trainer, research space scientist & Jen Stern geochemist.
Learn more at: ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov
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For the first time ever, all 10 NASA field centers participated in a multi-center NASA Social event Dec. 3, previewing the Dec. 4 first flight of the Orion Spacecraft on Exploration Flight Test-1.
Goddard hosted up to 25 social media followers to attend an afternoon celebrating the Orion launch. Attendees toured the Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory, where Martian meteorites and other samples are tested to answer two of the biggest mysteries facing humanity: How did we get here? And are we alone? We'll also tour Goddard's massive Integration and Testing Facility, where spacecraft are built and tested and the world's largest cleanroom where the James Webb Space Telescope is being constructed. Webb is the scientific successor to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. It will be the most powerful space telescope ever built.
P. 105 in: BURNHAM, James (1947). The Struggle for the World. Jonathan Cape, London.
I. Absorption
Carpatho-Ukraine
East Poland
East Prussia
Baltic States
Finnish Regions
Kuriles
South Sakhalin
Mongolia
Turkish Regions
Bess Arabia and Bukovina
Bessarabië is een historische regio in Oost-Europa, waarvan het grondgebied wordt gevormd door het grootste deel van het huidige Moldavië (exclusief Transnistrië). De rest behoort tot Oekraïne, namelijk het gebied tussen Moldavië en de Zwarte Zee (de Boedzjak), alsmede de streek rond Chotyn. De grenzen van Bessarabië worden derhalve gevormd door de rivieren de Proet en de Dnjestr, de Donaudelta en de Zwarte Zee. De oppervlakte bedraagt 45.600 km².
Bukovina is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both). The region is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine.
Moldavia
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I became a Burnham adept in 1982 after reading his book 'The Managerial Revolution' (1941). Unfortunately this sympathy is now expressed by ultra-right politicians.
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De anti-democratische wortels van de EU -
Met dank overgenomen van Th.H.Ph. (Thierry) Baudet, gepubliceerd op donderdag 20 oktober 2016.
In zijn dystopische klassieker, The Managerial Revolution (1941), introduceert de Amerikaanse politicoloog James Burnham het concept ‘gecontroleerde democratie’. Volgens hem zullen de Europese burgerdemocratieën in de tweede helft van de twintigste eeuw - min of meer ongemerkt en stapje voor stapje - worden overwoekerd door bureaucratische netwerken die achter de schermen, ver verwijderd van electoraat en publiek debat, de werkelijke beslissingen nemen. Terwijl de reële democratische volksinvloed daardoor verdwijnt, verwacht Burnham nadrukkelijk niet dat de Europese staten ook in naam zullen worden opgeheven. ‘De vele landen die feitelijk worden opgeheven zullen in naam blijven bestaan; ze kunnen als bestuurlijke subdivisies blijven functioneren, maar hebben geen soevereiniteit meer’.
Ook zullen er verkiezingen blijven; die geven de managers immers inzicht in de preferenties van de consument-burger terwijl ze bovendien aan mogelijke tegenkrachten een uitlaatklep bieden. Burnham voorspelt dus politiek theater in de vorm van schijnverkiezingen tussen kandidaten die over alle wezenlijke kwesties eender denken, die vervolgens tegen een vast maandsalaris voor de ogen van de argeloze toeschouwer debatteren in schijnparlementen, terwijl ondertussen allang vaststaat wat de uitkomst zal zijn - de knopen zijn immers elders al doorgehakt.
Het werk van James Burnham vormde niet alleen de belangrijkste inspiratiebron voor George Orwell’s 1984 : de kans is groot dat Burnham ook een beslissende invloed heeft gehad op Jean Monnet en Robert Schumann - de bedenkers van de huidige Europese Unie. Want nadat zij in eerste instantie probeerden om met open vizier een ‘United States of Europe’ door de nationale parlementen te loodsen (en zodoende langs koninklijke weg de volkeren onder te brengen in een continentaal staatsverband) kozen ze, nadat het Franse parlement hun plannen (onder luid gezang van de Marseillaise) in 1954 wegstemde, voor precies deze geleidelijke, tersluikse benadering uit 'The Managerial Revolution' om alsnog hun doel te bereiken.
Color of Life note
Biofluorescence results from the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at one wavelength by an organism, followed by its reemission at a longer and lower energy wavelength, visually resulting in green, orange, and red emission coloration. Many species of mantis shrimp, for example, make use of fluorescent body parts when in threat display in order to intimidate or confuse either a predator or a competing male.
Ref: Color sources, California Academy of Sciences Docent program May 2015
PLOS one Biofluorescence journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone...
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Stomatopoda
Family: Odontodactylidae
Genus/species: Odontodactylus scyllarus
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Beautifully colored in peacock colors of greens, blues, and reds. Has a green body, blue head, green antennal scales, red limbs. The body is elongated with a long, flattened , blue tail and ranges in size from 3–18 cm (1.2-7.0 in). Highly noticeable is the pair of clubbed-shaped, praying mantis-like claws.
DISTRIBUTION/HABITATS: Indo-Pacific Habitat: warm salt water and builds U-shaped burrows in gravel substrates. Depth ranges from 3-40 m (10-131 ft).
DIET IN THE WILD: Feeds on other shrimp, worms, snails, crabs, mollusks. Lies in wait for prey in front of burrow, then swims out and quickly crushes prey with a strong, powerful smash. The claw moves so quickly it generates cavitation bubbles, which explode with a second powerful burst. The speed with which the claw moves through the watergenerates a force 100 times the shrimp’s body weight.
REPRODUCTION: Monogamous. O. scyllarus mate, spawn, brood, and hatch their eggs in their burrows.
LONGEVITY: Often live in pairs for their entire lifetime (4-6 years).
PREDATORS: Yellow Fin tuna
CONSERVATION: IUCN Not Evaluated
REMARKS: Large peacock mantis shrimp generate forces powerful enough to crush the shell of a large conch, and have been known in captivity to break the glass of their tanks! Striking speed of 50+ mph.
The amazingly complex eyes of mantis shrimp detect 12 base colors (compared to our 3). They also can discern ultraviolet, infrared frequencies, and the polarization of light! .
References
California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Water Planet, Senses Cluster (Sight) 2016
Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Odontodactylus_scyllarus/
Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-We
Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608602469734/
9-8-11, 4-22-13, 8-17-15, 2016
CAMERA: Canon NEW F1
LENS: Canon fd lens 50mm f/1,4 S.S.C.
FILM: Color negative cine-film Svema LN-7 ISO 32 38 exp. -
FILM DEVELOPMENT: author's manual film development
ECN-2 handmade ki [10min 15sec 30 °C]
FILM SCANNED: OpticFilm Plustek 7400 with SilverFast Software
SHOOTING DATE: 6/2016
DEVELOPER DATE: 09/2016
TECHNIQUE: Multiple Exposure unedited.
NUMBER OF EXPOSURES: 2
NO POST-PROCESSING
OBJECT: Catenary arches of Casa Batllo
PLACE: Barcelona, Spain 2016
The Drakensberg (Afrikaans: Drakensberge, Dutch: Drakensbergen, "the Dragon Mountains") is the highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising to 3,482 metres (11,424 ft) in height. In Zulu, it is referred to as uKhahlamba ("barrier of spears"), and in Sesotho as Maluti (also spelled Maloti). Its geological history lends it a distinctive character amongst the mountain ranges of the world. Geologically, the range resembles the Simien Mountains of Ethiopia.
During the Pre-Cambrian Era, volcanic eruptions in the area resulted in lava covering large sections of the Southern African sub-continent. In the Palaeozoic Era, wind and water deposited thick layers of shale, mudstone and sandstone, now known as the Karoo Supergroup, over the ancient primary rock. When Gondwanaland began to break up 200 million years ago, the resultant forces caused the extrusion of magma, known as Drakensberg lava, through fissures and cracks in the Earth's surface. In the Drakensberg region it capped the sedimentary rock formations with layers of solid basalt up to 1400 m thick. Weathering reduced the range's size, and caused the plateau to recede. In modern times, continued erosion has exposed some of the underlying sediment.
Appearance
The mountains are capped by a layer of basalt approximately 1,400 meters thick, with sandstone lower down, resulting in a combination of steep-sided blocks and pinnacles.
Composition
The majority of the range is basalt, as a result of continental upheaval and volcanic activity in the Pre-Cambrian era. Many of the lava flows are characterized by amygdaloidal zones. Many of the primary minerals within the basalts have been subjected to varying degrees of deuteric alteration which has led to the formation of clay, as well as chlorite and zeolite to a lesser extent. Some interstitial glass has also broken down to form clay. These secondary minerals, together with zeolites which occur notably as amygdaloidal fillings, mean that many of the basalts break down rapidly on exposure. The breakdown results from the expansion which occurs when the clay minerals swell on absorption of water.
Highest peaks
The highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana, at 3,482 metres (11,424 ft). Other notable peaks include Mafadi at 3,450 m, Makoaneng at 3,416 m, Njesuthi at 3,408 m, Champagne Castle at 3,377 m, Giant's Castle at 3,315 m, Ben Macdhui at 3,001 m, and Popple Peak at 3331m, all of these are in the area bordering on Lesotho. Another popular area for hikers is Cathedral Peak. North of Lesotho the range becomes lower and less rugged until entering Mpumalanga where the quartzite mountains of the Transvaal Drakensberg are loftier and more broken and form the eastern rim of the Transvaal Basin, the Blyde River Canyon lying within this stretch. The geology of this section is the same as and continuous with that of the Magaliesberg.
Ecology
Little Saddle
The high treeless peaks of the Drakensberg (from 2,500 m upwards) have been described by the World Wildlife Fund as the Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands ecoregion. These steep slopes are the most southerly high mountains in Africa, and being further from the equator provide cooler habitats at lower elevations than most mountain ranges on the continent. The high rainfall generates many mountain streams and rivers, including the sources of the Orange River, southern Africa's longest, and the Tugela River. These mountains also have the world's second-highest waterfall, the Tugela Falls (Thukela Falls), which has a total drop of 947 metres. The rivers that run from the Drakensberg are an essential resource for South Africa's economy, providing water for the industrial provinces of Mpumalanga and Gauteng, which contains the city of Johannesburg. The climate is wet and cool at the high altitudes, which experience snowfall in winter.
Meanwhile the grassy lower slopes (from 1,800 to 2,500 m) of the Drakensberg in Swaziland, South Africa and Lesotho constitute the Drakensberg Montane Grassland, Woodland, and Forest.
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
The outer part of a dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) petal has an extraordinarily high ultraviolet reflectance relative to the visible green, yellow and red light. The spectrum here is measured from 200 – 1000nm with both a deuterium (DH-mini) and a tungsten-halogen (HL-2000) lamp using a Maya2000Pro spectrometer against a WS-1 reflectance standard..
Processed assuming a colour temperature (CT) of 5000K.
Things to notice:
1. The blue is predominantly due to ozone absorption in the Chappuis band acting as a blue filter arching across the sky.
2. The yellow/apple-green twilight colour low in the sky is due to Rayleigh (molecular) scattering of sunlight towards your eye followed by Rayleigh scattering of some of this light our of that path. The 'in' part is proportional to the Rayleigh optical depth (tau) and the 'out' goes as the negative exponential of the same quantity. This combination, as the optical depth changes with the altitude of your viewpoint, produces the sweep of colours from orange red to blue (but is seen through the ozone blue filter).
3. The pink clouds are being illuminated by sunlight that has passed through a great depth of atmosphere and the colour is predominantly due to Rayleigh (and aerosol) scattering of light out of the beam - extinction - and ozone (Chappuis band) absorption.
4. Note also that the two vapour trails on the right are casting shadows onto the underside of the clouds.
Victorian Alpine Huts survey, for Parks Victoria April, May 1994.
The following history has been prepared at the Mansfield DCNR office under David Hurley who used oral and written material from the Stoney family: Eadley Stoney of `Minto Park’ (Mt. Eadley Stoney was named after him) shared the Bluff lease with Jack Ware commencing in the 1940s. Archie Cameron, Ray Kelly (q.v.) and Jack Davon also grazed the bluff in the 1950s and early 1960s. Eadley Stoney organised the building of the original Bluff Hut in 1955 with Graeme Stoney (age 15) packing the materials up the steep horse pack track in summer 1956. The hut was sited on the lowest saddle on the Bluff Range beneath the later named Mt. Eadley Stoney. Commencing in February 1956, all the cattlemen grazing the Bluff at that time helped build the original Bluff Hut (C Stoney p.79). Jack Ware was responsible for the most important job of shaping the frame timbers from local snow gum and ash. Jack used the classic construction methods (using adze and axe) that he learned as a boy working for Jim Barclay and Jack Bullock who were the first men to run cattle on the High Country beyond the Howqua River { see also Stoney: 52} Graeme Stoney has since stated that that the site was chosen for its shelter from the prevailing winds { Truscott: 20}. The hut is shown in Siseman's 1985 guide to the national park, in a similar form to the existing{ Siseman: 111}. Bluff Hut was the scene of controversy in the early 1980s when Graham Stoney sought a permissive occupancy for the hut and met a departmental refusal. The hut had just been extended to cater for Stoney's High Country Adventure summer trail riding and winter Nordic skiing ventures, led by John Brewster. Assessed in 1982 the hut operations included two long-drop toilets; dish and hand washing sullage pumped 30m east of hut into `undisturbed vegetation' for absorption into the ground; wood obtained from lower down the mountain; and water from a spring south-west of the site. The extensions themselves had complied with the Minister's requirements, being similar to the original hut although now `somewhat distended in character'{ DCNR file 85/284 RG Patrick report}. Eventually in 1985 the Forests Commission gave Stoney a permissive occupancy for the hut but to his displeasure the recently completed bunk room, washroom were to remain for public use, allowing the prior right to be exercised over only the old part of the hut. Summer commercial horse riding tours started at the hut 1986-7 { Truscott: 18}. In 1986 Stoney noted that Bluff Carpark was receiving increased 4WD traffic and needed maintenance by CF&L who responded positively. Two years later, High Country Adventures desired more space at the hut, noting that winter clients were being jostled by the general public who sought refuge next to the fire in the old section as well as the refuge next door. An economically sized party consisted of 22 guest plus a staff of five whereas existing bunk room accommodation allowed only 18-20 to be sleep at the hut while staff slept in tents and cars. Stoney wanted to put bunks into an `old shed' at the end of the bunk room, relocate the nearby wash room and sauna, add another room to the side of the old section, add an open verandah for outdoor shelter to the original verandah and convert the end of the enclosed verandah into a sleeping area. The department did not respond to this proposal, provoking more letters from High Country Adventure whose paying guests were still being jostled by irate members of the public seeking access to the fire. The letter noted that the Stoney family had run cattle on the Bluff since the early 1940s, they had built and maintained all parts of the present hut and hence deserved more rights over its use. Responding to a report from the Alpine Planning Team, Stoney wrote that the scope of the original permissive occupancy lease had been a mistake, allowing rights over only the old section of the hut and the sauna (which the report had sought removal of) was actually a drying room and should not be removed{ DCNR file 85/284: Letters 9.1989, 1.3.90 comments on prelim. Alpine Planning Team report}. Cattle had been phased out of the Bluff and tourism had been proposed as its replacement: now even this activity was being restricted. The hut was included in an Alpine National Park in 1989 { Truscott}. On the other side of the controversy, the department received complaints from bodies such as the Peninsula 4WD Club who queried High Country Adventure's operations at both Bluff and Lovick's huts, suggesting that they be available for public rather than commercial use{ DCNR file 85/284: letter 19.3.88}. The Victorian National Parks Association and the Ski Touring association of Victoria had also showed their irritation at what they judged to be an expansion of commercial activity at Bluff hut{ DCNR file 85/284: briefing note 12.4.89}. The hut extensions have attracted controversy and hence the hut has become well-known by many mountain users, lending its present form a degree of recent heritage interest. Commercial cross country ski tours from the hut ceased around 1991-2 and the Stoney horse tours ended May 2002 { Truscott}. Public risk insurance problems had affected many adventure style commercial enterprises nationally. The 2002 Heritage Action Plan identified the following relevant Australian Historic Themes: Grazing stock 3.5.1 Organising recreation- enjoying the natural environment 8.1.4 Living in remote areas...
Note The original image and the text of this post have been replaced by a more complete description of the modelling of the green flash spectrum (15 April 2018).
The only observation I have been able to find of the spectrum of the green flash appears in a paper published by T. S. Jakobsen in the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Journal in 1952 ( adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1952JRASC..46...93J ). The measurements were obtained with a movie camera from a beach in Hawaii using colour film and vertically dispersed with a Roland replica transmission grating. The film was carefully scanned and calibrated to produce the green flash spectrum that is discussed here (see Jakobsen's Fig. 3 and Table 1).
I have explored this observation using the spectral extinction model described in: www.flickr.com/photos/bob_81667/40402297274/in/photostream/
Note that this spectral model starts with the spectral energy distribution of the sun above the atmosphere and computes the wavelength-dependent extinction of the sunlight as it passes through the atmosphere from different altitudes above the horizon. The model includes molecular (Rayleigh) scattering and also scattering by aersols using a prescription given in "Astrophysical Quantities" (C. W. Allen, Third Edition, The Athlone Press, 1973, p126). The only molecular absorption included is that of ozone with the standard absorption due to 0.3 atmo-cm or 300 Dobson units. The only other significant absorbers in this spectral range are water and the O2*O2 dimer, often known as tetraoxygen or the O4 Collisionally Induced Absorber (CIA): these have a relatively minor effect on the green flash and are neglected.
The essential ingredient in the model turns out to be the ozone molecular absorption since the instrinsically rather weak Chappuis band — a broad structured vibronic band centred close to 590nm — becomes very strong when sunlight is travelling through around 40 airmasses (an airmass is the amount of atmosphere vertically above your head) to reach the observer as the sun sets or rises. At this strength, the Chappuis band esentially divides the solar spectrum into a wavelength-separated green-blue and deep red section with a wide, dark gap between. This same absorption results in the deep blue of twilight and the period after sunset that artists know as "The Blue Hour". It is this bifurcated spectrum, along with the often complex, mirage-related refraction produced by the atmosphere at very low elevations that generates the green flash. I emphasise, because it is not well-represented in the green flash literature, that the ozone absorption is an essential ingredient in the formation of the phenomenon. It would not be seen, other that perhaps as a thin purely refracted green rim above the sun, if there were no ozone.
The two important parameters that determine the intensity, the width and the position (colour) of the green band are the aerosol and the ozone densities. The two plots here show the dependence of the spectrum on each of these quantities in turn. The left panel shows the variation of the spectrum with the ozone content increasing from one to five times the standard value of 0.3cm (at an aerosol content of 10%). The Jakobsen green flash observed spectrum is shown as the black dashed line: the vertical scale of this measurement is arbitrary but I have kept it constant across both the left and the right panels. The variation with aerosol content is shown in the right panel with an ozone content of 4 and the aerosol variation ranging from 0% (no aerosols at all) to 70% of what is considered a normal atmosphere (see the Allen reference above). We would not expect to see a green flash in an atmosphere with a normal aerosol content.
Considering first the ozone variation, we have to note that my model assumes a homgenous atmosphere with all the constituents fully mixed. For a high sun this is a good approximation for computing solar extinction. With the sun on the horizon and the light taking a tangential path through the atmosphere however, the altitude through which the majority of the sunlight passes becomes important. The low altitudes tend to become masked by high density and aerosols. This implies that the light reaching us as the green flash may have travelled mostly through higher altitudes where most of the ozone resides (between about 15 and 40km). Within these regions the relative ozone content can become much higher than the homogeneous atmosphere model would imply. The ability of ozone to produce the spectral gap in the orange part of the spectrum only happens with an ozone content of >3 times the homogeneous approximation, a finding that is not unexpected. As the ozone increases, the intensity of the green band decreases and it also shifts significantly towards the blue.
Regarding the aerosols, the dominant effect on the spectrum of increasing aerosol content is to decrease the intensity of the green band: it is essentially a filtering of the sunlight. While not immediately obvious from the plot however, increasing the aerosol content moves the band to the red. Such an effect can be seen very clearly when watching a sunset through fine haze or smoke — the blood-red sun. The effect here is more subtle but the ratio of 450nm (blue) to 550nm (green-yellow) light changes from 0.54 for 0% aersols to 0.33 for 70%.
The best fit of this model to the Jakobsen spectrum yields an aerosol content of 10% and an ozone factor of 3.1. To see a blue flash requires a very low aerosol concentration and a high effective ozone density, likely to be achieved by an optimum refractive guidance of the sunlight through the ozone layer.
Note again that this model does not include either water or O_4 (tetraoxygen) absorption which, if added would absorb light at ~600nm and 578nm, darkening further the 'saddle' between the green band and the far red emission.
What do we learn from this exercise? In summary:
1. The passage of sunlight through a long pathlength of ozone gas in the ozone layer is essential for enabling a clear separation of the blue-green light from the remaining redder light. Separation by refraction on its own is not enough. The ozone shapes the spectrum of the green band.
2. Variations in the ozone and aerosol content of the traversed atmosphere can explain the observed variations in the brightness and the colour of the green/blue flash.
3. the various mirage-like refractive effects choreograph the shape, visibility and temporal behaviour of these phenomena.
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Yeah, the streaks on this are from the camera...
No, it isn't a MECHANICAL problem with the camera (per say) or a CHEMICAL problem with the film...
See, there's this foam stuff they glued to the inside of the camera...it actually serves little purpose as to make the camera light tight or to avoid anything as far as I've observed, though it apparently did aid in sound dampening and possibly shock absorption...but since the camera was made in the SIXTIES, the material has DISINTEGRATED a bit, and essentially has become this sticky black mess...I THOUGHT at first this would be merely a nuisance...
BUT, the stickyness managed to find its way onto the film(?) and most certainly the guide plate (the slick black metal panel that pushes the film against the plane of exposure, allowing guidance of the film and proper exposure of the frame, etc.)
Suffice to say this sticky crap had an effect on the film.
This is obvious.
I didn't NOTICE this after I had run the Fuji Film through it, and will review the files I have from it to see if there is earlier evidence of it. I have a roll of Kodak that I used subsequent to the Fuji, but prior to the UC, so it MAY be unaffected by the stuff.
HOPEFULLY, since I have removed 99% of the black sticky foam crap and old adhesive marks with Masking/Freezer Tape (to be specific), the camera will not demonstrate this negative to exposure quality or the actual film state itself.
Had I had GAFFER's tape, or not found the tape I was using effective at not only covering, but REMOVING the old deteriorated foam and adhesive semi-goo, then I would have just covered everything in the first place or when I set about solving the streak problem.
I first noticed this problem on the negatives that the Walgreen's employee had erroneously recorded me as ordering (which they didn't let me keep as they needed to "count" the spent paper, essentially accounting for their mistake). Even though I was very concerned that it was in fact MY camera that was the culprit- I warned them of possible chemical or mechanical problems with the process as I didn't have the Ricoh on me to check it.
Suffice to say I was upset when I found out that the camera was the problem, so my Photo CDs and my more valuable negatives were affected as well.
The "streaks" as I'm calling them, don't appear to be just scratches or merely exposure disruptions...they are representative of direct trauma to at least one layer of the film and apparently the emulsion layer as well.
Oh well, live and learn.
Ruin film...and gain experience.
Trial and Error works for loads of things, hell it is partly how I noticed the lens I had on my Minolta XG-1 was broken in ADDITION to the XG-1 light meter apparently dying...
BUT, even though I have little planned for the cheap old camera body...I will add this simple statement I thought up during my recent "Camera Slinging" escapades.
Light meters...are for pussies.
Seriously, if you can't trust yourself to take a shot without some lights in the viewfinder or an outside tool to aide in calculating exposure time, you are not prepared to accept the consequences of pointing a camera, creating a composition in your head and shooting.
With or without prior consent, there are many things you can be held responsible for when taking an image.
This might be part of the reason why I've taken to just snapping semi-interesting objects and scenery around town lately and less people even with shots of people I know and don't know now uploaded to Flickr.
Never work with Children or Animals, not so with photography,
Experience begets wisdom.
Oh well, enough ranting, right?
Very neat styling overall, a shame we ended up losing Bond's flare with its absorption into Reliant.
A solution of riboflavin (vitamin B2 derived from the fungal mould Eremothecium ashbyii) in isopropyl alcohol. A violet laser shines into the side of a glass vial and reflects from a layer of undissolved crystals at the bottom.
The fluorescence in the solution is a pale green while that from the crystals is yellow. This difference in fluorescent colour from the 'powder' is the result of self absorption of the fluorescent photons as they escape their point of emission within the crystal.
Powdered pigments from Kremer. White light reflectance and 633nm laser-excited fluorescence measurements. Note the very strong IR fluorescence, especially of the Egyptian blue.
The apparent emission peaks in the reflectance spectra at 945nm results from the OH absorption in the optical fibre delivering the white light to the pigment. The white light-excited fluorescence present in the reflectance signal does not pass through this fibre and so the computed reflectance (= sample/reference) contains an artificial 'emission' peak at the OH absorption wavelength.
A sequence of daylight and twilight relative irradiance spectra obtained as a test after the flux calibration of an Ocean Optics Maya 2000 Pro (200 - 1100nm) high sensitivity spectrometer.
The spectra were obtained on three dates in December 2017 and January 2018 from pointings in the southern sky using an Ocean Optics fibre collimator. Integration times ranged from 18ms to 25s and the dynamic range of the dataset is a factor of 100,000.
The refraction corrected solar altitudes from the daylight to the deepest twilight spectrum were (in degrees):
+11.4; -1.2; -2.1; -3.4; -4.0; -4.6; -5.2 and -7.2
This sequence clearly shows the development of the broad Chappuis band of ozone as at the path traversed by setting (or rising) sunlight takes through the atmosphere increases (decreases) during twilight. This increasing absorption of the yellow, green and red parts of the spectrum results in the twilight sky becoming much bluer that it ever is during daylight.
This blue - the origin of the artist's and photographer's "Blue Hour" - has a far-red tinge which results in a deep but slightly purplish blue that is very distinct from the pure monatonic blue spectrum of the clear sky due to Rayleigh scattering. Coincidentally, this purplish blue is very well represented by the ultramarine pigment long-used by artists and originally derived from ground and purified lapis lazuli from Afghanistan.
The relative flux calibration is carried out using an Osram Type 64225 10W G4 6V (NAED 54260) halogen display/optic lamp running at 6.10V in a 4cm cubical housing clad with aluminium foil with a 1cm diameter opening in its top side. The lamp output from this aperture strikes a neutral opal diffuser before entering the spectrometer through the fibre collimator.
This lamp output has been compared with atmospheric extinction corrected observations of direct sunlight through the same neutral diffuser and found to a a good approximation to a Planck function (black body) with a colour temperature of 3080 +/- 20K. The lamp output measured by the spectrometer in counts/channel divided by the Planck function, B_lamda(3080K), is used as the calibration curve. This results in a relative irradiance scale in energy flux per unit wavelength from which the small-scale structure (channel-to-channel) in the spectrometer response has also been removed.
This Maya spectrometer is currently being used on several projects at the UCL Department of Ophthalmology, one of which concerns the seasonal adaptation of reindeer eyes to the to the 8 month/year exposure the animals have to artic twilight conditions ( rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royprsb/280/1773/... )
An excellent and useful paper on environmental light in both remote and urban regions is available at: www.nature.com/articles/srep26756
Limestone, Classical, ca. 475-450 B.C.E., Said to be from the temple at Golgoi
After the absorption of Cyprus into the Persian Empire in 526/5 B.C.E., contacts increases with the wealthy East Greek cities on the western coast of Asia Minor, which had also fallen under Persian rule. The influence of Greek sculptural style can be seen in this statue of a man dedicated in a temple at Golgoi. He wears typical East Greek dress, a finely pleated linen chiton, and a woolen himation, and stands with left foot advanced in a pose that gives a subtle sense of movement. His smile and the jewel-like precision with which his hair and beard are carved remind one of Greek Archaic art of the sixth century B.C.E., but the style appears stiff and somewhat artificial in this statue, which was carved in the second quarter of the fifth century.
Like many Cypriot votive statues this figure wears a wreath of leaves and flowers. It is composed of oak leaves and stylized narcissus flowers, which must have evoked ideas of fertility and regeneration. The man holds gifts for the deity--a dove in his left hand and a cylindrical object, which probably represented a container of incense, in his right hand.
From the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
The Vibration Mounts acts as a vibrator arrestor in heavy machinery. These mounts are designed for progressive absorption of loads.
One of the individual images that were used for the panorama. Taken with a 30 years old grating spectrometer, no contrast enhancement or sharpening applied.
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Built to replace NBC's original 'NewsNook' (which was within the 3rd floor West's NBC News offices), this new NewsNook located in the Studio Building and named 'Studio 3E', is in what was a former conference room/office that was squeezed between the Studio 3A control room and a prop storage room. The window at left allows a view out to the hallway that connects the West Building and the Studio Building. When privacy is needed, two sound-absorptive panels can be placed over the window from the inside. The panels are resting on the floor below the window.
The Thermopolis specimen of the famous Archeaopteryx "dino bird" fossil visited SLAC and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource in December of 2008. Scientists used the intense X-ray beams to probe for traces of soft tissues or chemical remains left in the rock.
(SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)
absorption of phosphates and nitrates by the roots
Biological purification - bioremediation system
Often the organic matter accumulated (from leaves and animal excrement), from inefficient filtration and aeration systems to treat the receiving quantity of material, leads to lakes with dark waters.
Biological purification is a nature-based solution which is being used in some lakes in Lisboa.
Floating islands consisting of cork structures are an ecological solution which guarantee a healthy water balance, enabling the growth of plants at the surface of the water, and with that promoting an increase of oxygenation and improvement of the chemical water quality. These plants ensure the recycling of the excess of nutrients, recreating an environment similar to wetlands, such as an estuary.
Plants, such as the pennyroyal, yellow iris, strapwort or soft rush, can be used in this solution contributing as well to the promotion of (urban) biodiversity.