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Turkmenistan, Mary, view of man crossing the street with crane and mosque with minaret in the background against clear blue sky
Le samedi 26 avril 2014 avait lieu l'événement Sideshow Extravaganza au Théâtre Ste-Catherine à Montréal. Le Maître de Cérémonie Giovanni Iuliani et les artistes Velvet La Touche, Kiêt Ha, Mama Billy, Zen Henna Montreal, Philippe Mangerel, Louis Guillemette, Mimo, l'École de danse San Tropez, Ro and the Virtuous Villains, Danielle Hubbard, Betty, Jefreak, Jizzabell Babcox, Natasha Nebula, Luis de Godoy, Tranie Tronic, Marie-Chantal Anctil, Poleon, Osito, Hellen Starlake ont présenté des spectacles colorés, inspirés par des imaginaires festifs, circassiens et poétiques...
My back garden in Forfar has been called many things - a wilderness, a jungle, a mass of weeds, a wild place - a "perfect disgrace". Forfar isn't short of natural habitats and the favoured style of garden planting is carpet bedding, so this is not a 'proper' garden. Seeds from other gardens take root. Among the reprobates - the thistles, the hollies, the rowans and the scraggy grasses - are more respectable plants - buddleia, lupins, even montbretia from a bulb that's come from somewhere. I'm sorry for my neighbours, Edith and Sheila and Roger. Their gardens must be infected by my toxic zone, This isn't an isolated country cottage where people, in a spirit of eco-diversity, can virtuously let their gardens run to seed. Something needs to be done, for sure. But I'll miss that pregnant hedgehog, the mass of butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, flies that surround me as I tread carefully through the nettles to harvest the rhubarb for Jesma.
Le samedi 26 avril 2014 avait lieu l'événement Sideshow Extravaganza au Théâtre Ste-Catherine à Montréal. Le Maître de Cérémonie Giovanni Iuliani et les artistes Velvet La Touche, Kiêt Ha, Mama Billy, Zen Henna Montreal, Philippe Mangerel, Louis Guillemette, Mimo, l'École de danse San Tropez, Ro and the Virtuous Villains, Danielle Hubbard, Betty, Jefreak, Jizzabell Babcox, Natasha Nebula, Luis de Godoy, Tranie Tronic, Marie-Chantal Anctil, Poleon, Osito, Hellen Starlake ont présenté des spectacles colorés, inspirés par des imaginaires festifs, circassiens et poétiques...
The 2017 Genesis G90 flagship sedan will compete at the top of the premium luxury car segment with technological innovations and the highest levels of refinement, convenience and dynamic performance. To ensure driver confidence and occupant safety, the G90 features a comprehensive array of standard safety technology in the premium luxury class including Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) with Pedestrian Detection, Driver Attention Alert (DAA) and Smart Blind Spot Detection.
Image of the spouse of Tan Peng (there was one of him too). Described as Aunt Lee Choo, beautiful and virtuous. A loving wife and talented woman of letters. She was considered a prize guest by Western business people in Penang.
Along the route of the Virtue Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
The Prudent Cyclist has more on the ride.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
Better than a hundred years lived viciously and uncontrolled, is a single day lived virtuously and meditative.
- Dhammapada
Talein DeJan, director of the Lady Virtuous On-Line Scholarship Pageant, is our guest on PageantCast 153.
Source: The sad case of Mrs. Kate Southern! The beautiful, virtuous Georgia wife, who, being maddened to insanity by the outrageous taunts of a bad woman who had enticed her husband away, killed her (Philadelphia, Pa.: Old Franklin Pub. House, 1878); 24 cm. Call # LM Sa15.
McDade, T.M. Murder 894.
The Mahabharata or Mahābhārata (US /məhɑːˈbɑrətə/; UK /ˌmɑːhəˈbɑːrətə/; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [məɦaːˈbʱaːrət̪əm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana.
Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes, the Mahabharata contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right.
Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400 BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as "the great tale of the Bhārata dynasty". According to the Mahabharata itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply Bhārata.
The Mahabharata is the longest known epic poem and has been described as "the longest poem ever written". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 shloka or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is roughly ten times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined, or about four times the length of the Ramayana. W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahabharata to world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.
TEXTURAL HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyasa, who is also a major character in the epic. Vyasa described it as being itihāsa (history). He also describes the Guru-shishya parampara, which traces all great teachers and their students of the Vedic times.
The first section of the Mahabharata states that it was Ganesha who wrote down the text to Vyasa's dictation. Ganesha is said to have agreed to write it only if Vyasa never paused in his recitation. Vyasa agrees on condition that Ganesha takes the time to understand what was said before writing it down.
The epic employs the story within a story structure, otherwise known as frametales, popular in many Indian religious and non-religious works. It is recited by the sage Vaisampayana, a disciple of Vyasa, to the King Janamejaya who is the great-grandson of the Pandava prince Arjuna. The story is then recited again by a professional storyteller named Ugrasrava Sauti, many years later, to an assemblage of sages performing the 12-year sacrifice for the king Saunaka Kulapati in the Naimisha Forest.
The text has been described by some early 20th-century western Indologists as unstructured and chaotic. Hermann Oldenberg supposed that the original poem must once have carried an immense "tragic force" but dismissed the full text as a "horrible chaos." Moritz Winternitz (Geschichte der indischen Literatur 1909) considered that "only unpoetical theologists and clumsy scribes" could have lumped the parts of disparate origin into an unordered whole.
ACCRETION AND REDACTION
Research on the Mahabharata has put an enormous effort into recognizing and dating layers within the text. Some elements of the present Mahabharata can be traced back to Vedic times. The background to the Mahabharata suggests the origin of the epic occurs "after the very early Vedic period" and before "the first Indian 'empire' was to rise in the third century B.C." That this is "a date not too far removed from the 8th or 9th century B.C." is likely. It is generally agreed that "Unlike the Vedas, which have to be preserved letter-perfect, the epic was a popular work whose reciters would inevitably conform to changes in language and style," so the earliest 'surviving' components of this dynamic text are believed to be no older than the earliest 'external' references we have to the epic, which may include an allusion in Panini's 4th century BCE grammar Ashtādhyāyī 4:2:56. It is estimated that the Sanskrit text probably reached something of a "final form" by the early Gupta period (about the 4th century CE). Vishnu Sukthankar, editor of the first great critical edition of the Mahabharata, commented: "It is useless to think of reconstructing a fluid text in a literally original shape, on the basis of an archetype and a stemma codicum. What then is possible? Our objective can only be to reconstruct the oldest form of the text which it is possible to reach on the basis of the manuscript material available." That manuscript evidence is somewhat late, given its material composition and the climate of India, but it is very extensive.
The Mahabharata itself (1.1.61) distinguishes a core portion of 24,000 verses: the Bharata proper, as opposed to additional secondary material, while the Ashvalayana Grhyasutra (3.4.4) makes a similar distinction. At least three redactions of the text are commonly recognized: Jaya (Victory) with 8,800 verses attributed to Vyasa, Bharata with 24,000 verses as recited by Vaisampayana, and finally the Mahabharata as recited by Ugrasrava Sauti with over 100,000 verses. However, some scholars such as John Brockington, argue that Jaya and Bharata refer to the same text, and ascribe the theory of Jaya with 8,800 verses to a misreading of a verse in Adiparvan (1.1.81). The redaction of this large body of text was carried out after formal principles, emphasizing the numbers 18 and 12. The addition of the latest parts may be dated by the absence of the Anushasana-parva and the Virata parva from the "Spitzer manuscript". The oldest surviving Sanskrit text dates to the Kushan Period (200 CE).
According to what one character says at Mbh. 1.1.50, there were three versions of the epic, beginning with Manu (1.1.27), Astika (1.3, sub-parva 5) or Vasu (1.57), respectively. These versions would correspond to the addition of one and then another 'frame' settings of dialogues. The Vasu version would omit the frame settings and begin with the account of the birth of Vyasa. The astika version would add the sarpasattra and ashvamedha material from Brahmanical literature, introduce the name Mahabharata, and identify Vyasa as the work's author. The redactors of these additions were probably Pancharatrin scholars who according to Oberlies (1998) likely retained control over the text until its final redaction. Mention of the Huna in the Bhishma-parva however appears to imply that this parva may have been edited around the 4th century.
The Adi-parva includes the snake sacrifice (sarpasattra) of Janamejaya, explaining its motivation, detailing why all snakes in existence were intended to be destroyed, and why in spite of this, there are still snakes in existence. This sarpasattra material was often considered an independent tale added to a version of the Mahabharata by "thematic attraction" (Minkowski 1991), and considered to have a particularly close connection to Vedic (Brahmana) literature. The Panchavimsha Brahmana (at 25.15.3) enumerates the officiant priests of a sarpasattra among whom the names Dhrtarashtra and Janamejaya, two main characters of the Mahabharata's sarpasattra, as well as Takshaka, the name of a snake in the Mahabharata, occur.
HISTORICAL REFERENCES
The earliest known references to the Mahabharata and its core Bharata date to the Ashtadhyayi (sutra 6.2.38) of Pāṇini (fl. 4th century BCE) and in the Ashvalayana Grhyasutra (3.4.4). This may suggest that the core 24,000 verses, known as the Bharata, as well as an early version of the extended Mahabharata, were composed by the 4th century BCE.
A report by the Greek writer Dio Chrysostom (c. 40 - c. 120 CE) about Homer's poetry being sung even in India seems to imply that the Iliad had been translated into Sanskrit. However, scholars have, in general, taken this as evidence for the existence of a Mahabharata at this date, whose episodes Dio or his sources identify with the story of the Iliad.
Several stories within the Mahabharata took on separate identities of their own in Classical Sanskrit literature. For instance, Abhijñānashākuntala by the renowned Sanskrit poet Kālidāsa (c. 400 CE), believed to have lived in the era of the Gupta dynasty, is based on a story that is the precursor to the Mahabharata. Urubhanga, a Sanskrit play written by Bhāsa who is believed to have lived before Kālidāsa, is based on the slaying of Duryodhana by the splitting of his thighs by Bhima.
The copper-plate inscription of the Maharaja Sharvanatha (533–534 CE) from Khoh (Satna District, Madhya Pradesh) describes the Mahabharata as a "collection of 100,000 verses" (shatasahasri samhita).
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The historicity of the Kurukshetra War is unclear. Many historians estimate the date of the Kurukshetra war to Iron Age India of the 10th century BCE. The setting of the epic has a historical precedent in Iron Age (Vedic) India, where the Kuru kingdom was the center of political power during roughly 1200 to 800 BCE. A dynastic conflict of the period could have been the inspiration for the Jaya, the foundation on which the Mahabharata corpus was built, with a climactic battle eventually coming to be viewed as an epochal event.
Puranic literature presents genealogical lists associated with the Mahabharata narrative. The evidence of the Puranas is of two kinds. Of the first kind, there is the direct statement that there were 1015 (or 1050) years between the birth of Parikshit (Arjuna's grandson) and the accession of Mahapadma Nanda (400-329 BCE), which would yield an estimate of about 1400 BCE for the Bharata battle. However, this would imply improbably long reigns on average for the kings listed in the genealogies. Of the second kind are analyses of parallel genealogies in the Puranas between the times of Adhisimakrishna (Parikshit's great-grandson) and Mahapadma Nanda. Pargiter accordingly estimated 26 generations by averaging 10 different dynastic lists and, assuming 18 years for the average duration of a reign, arrived at an estimate of 850 BCE for Adhisimakrishna, and thus approximately 950 BCE for the Bharata battle.
B. B. Lal used the same approach with a more conservative assumption of the average reign to estimate a date of 836 BCE, and correlated this with archaeological evidence from Painted Grey Ware sites, the association being strong between PGW artifacts and places mentioned in the epic.
Attempts to date the events using methods of archaeoastronomy have produced, depending on which passages are chosen and how they are interpreted, estimates ranging from the late 4th to the mid-2nd millennium BCE. The late 4th millennium date has a precedent in the calculation of the Kaliyuga epoch, based on planetary conjunctions, by Aryabhata (6th century). Aryabhatta's date of February 18 3102 BCE for Mahabharata war has become widespread in Indian tradition. Coincidentally, this marks the disppearance of Krishna from earth from many source.[36] The Aihole inscription of Pulikeshi II, dated to Saka 556 = 634 CE, claims that 3735 years have elapsed since the Bharata battle, putting the date of Mahabharata war at 3137 BCE. Another traditional school of astronomers and historians, represented by Vriddha-Garga, Varahamihira (author of the Brhatsamhita) and Kalhana (author of the Rajatarangini), place the Bharata war 653 years after the Kaliyuga epoch, corresponding to 2449 BCE.
SYNOPSIS
The core story of the work is that of a dynastic struggle for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan. The two collateral branches of the family that participate in the struggle are the Kaurava and the Pandava. Although the Kaurava is the senior branch of the family, Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava, is younger than Yudhisthira, the eldest Pandava. Both Duryodhana and Yudhisthira claim to be first in line to inherit the throne.
The struggle culminates in the great battle of Kurukshetra, in which the Pandavas are ultimately victorious. The battle produces complex conflicts of kinship and friendship, instances of family loyalty and duty taking precedence over what is right, as well as the converse.
The Mahabharata itself ends with the death of Krishna, and the subsequent end of his dynasty and ascent of the Pandava brothers to heaven. It also marks the beginning of the Hindu age of Kali Yuga, the fourth and final age of mankind, in which great values and noble ideas have crumbled, and man is heading towards the complete dissolution of right action, morality and virtue.
THE OLDER GENERATIONS
King Janamejaya's ancestor Shantanu, the king of Hastinapura, has a short-lived marriage with the goddess Ganga and has a son, Devavrata (later to be called Bhishma, a great warrior), who becomes the heir apparent. Many years later, when King Shantanu goes hunting, he sees Satyavati, the daughter of the chief of fisherman, and asks her father for her hand. Her father refuses to consent to the marriage unless Shantanu promises to make any future son of Satyavati the king upon his death. To resolve his father's dilemma, Devavrata agrees to relinquish his right to the throne. As the fisherman is not sure about the prince's children honouring the promise, Devavrata also takes a vow of lifelong celibacy to guarantee his father's promise.
Shantanu has two sons by Satyavati, Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya. Upon Shantanu's death, Chitrangada becomes king. He lives a very short uneventful life and dies. Vichitravirya, the younger son, rules Hastinapura. Meanwhile, the King of Kāśī arranges a swayamvara for his three daughters, neglecting to invite the royal family of Hastinapur. In order to arrange the marriage of young Vichitravirya, Bhishma attends the swayamvara of the three princesses Amba, Ambika and Ambalika, uninvited, and proceeds to abduct them. Ambika and Ambalika consent to be married to Vichitravirya.
The oldest princess Amba, however, informs Bhishma that she wishes to marry king of Shalva whom Bhishma defeated at their swayamvara. Bhishma lets her leave to marry king of Shalva, but Shalva refuses to marry her, still smarting at his humiliation at the hands of Bhishma. Amba then returns to marry Bhishma but he refuses due to his vow of celibacy. Amba becomes enraged and becomes Bhishma's bitter enemy, holding him responsible for her plight. Later she is reborn to King Drupada as Shikhandi (or Shikhandini) and causes Bhishma's fall, with the help of Arjuna, in the battle of Kurukshetra.
THE PANDAVA AND KAURAVA PRINCES
When Vichitravirya dies young without any heirs, Satyavati asks her first son Vyasa to father children with the widows. The eldest, Ambika, shuts her eyes when she sees him, and so her son Dhritarashtra is born blind. Ambalika turns pale and bloodless upon seeing him, and thus her son Pandu is born pale and unhealthy (the term Pandu may also mean 'jaundiced'). Due to the physical challenges of the first two children, Satyavati asks Vyasa to try once again. However, Ambika and Ambalika send their maid instead, to Vyasa's room. Vyasa fathers a third son, Vidura, by the maid. He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata. He serves as Prime Minister (Mahamantri or Mahatma) to King Pandu and King Dhritarashtra.
When the princes grow up, Dhritarashtra is about to be crowned king by Bhishma when Vidura intervenes and uses his knowledge of politics to assert that a blind person cannot be king. This is because a blind man cannot control and protect his subjects. The throne is then given to Pandu because of Dhritarashtra's blindness. Pandu marries twice, to Kunti and Madri. Dhritarashtra marries Gandhari, a princess from Gandhara, who blindfolds herself so that she may feel the pain that her husband feels. Her brother Shakuni is enraged by this and vows to take revenge on the Kuru family. One day, when Pandu is relaxing in the forest, he hears the sound of a wild animal. He shoots an arrow in the direction of the sound. However the arrow hits the sage Kindama, who curses him that if he engages in a sexual act, he will die. Pandu then retires to the forest along with his two wives, and his brother Dhritarashtra rules thereafter, despite his blindness.
Pandu's older queen Kunti, however, had been given a boon by Sage Durvasa that she could invoke any god using a special mantra. Kunti uses this boon to ask Dharma the god of justice, Vayu the god of the wind, and Indra the lord of the heavens for sons. She gives birth to three sons, Yudhisthira, Bhima, and Arjuna, through these gods. Kunti shares her mantra with the younger queen Madri, who bears the twins Nakula and Sahadeva through the Ashwini twins. However, Pandu and Madri indulge in sex, and Pandu dies. Madri dies on his funeral pyre out of remorse. Kunti raises the five brothers, who are from then on usually referred to as the Pandava brothers.
Dhritarashtra has a hundred sons through Gandhari, all born after the birth of Yudhishtira. These are the Kaurava brothers, the eldest being Duryodhana, and the second Dushasana. Other Kaurava brothers were Vikarna and Sukarna. The rivalry and enmity between them and the Pandava brothers, from their youth and into manhood, leads to the Kurukshetra war.
LAKSHAGRAHA (THE HOUSE OF LAC)
After the deaths of their mother (Madri) and father (Pandu), the Pandavas and their mother Kunti return to the palace of Hastinapur. Yudhisthira is made Crown Prince by Dhritarashtra, under considerable pressure from his kingdom. Dhritarashtra wanted his own son Duryodhana to become king and lets his ambition get in the way of preserving justice.
Shakuni, Duryodhana and Dusasana plot to get rid of the Pandavas. Shakuni calls the architect Purochana to build a palace out of flammable materials like lac and ghee. He then arranges for the Pandavas and the Queen Mother Kunti to stay there, with the intention of setting it alight. However, the Pandavas are warned by their wise uncle, Vidura, who sends them a miner to dig a tunnel. They are able to escape to safety and go into hiding. Back at Hastinapur, the Pandavas and Kunti are presumed dead.
MARRIAGE TO DRAUPADI
Whilst they were in hiding the Pandavas learn of a swayamvara which is taking place for the hand of the Pāñcāla princess Draupadī. The Pandavas enter the competition in disguise as Brahmins. The task is to string a mighty steel bow and shoot a target on the ceiling, which is the eye of a moving artificial fish, while looking at its reflection in oil below. Most of the princes fail, many being unable to lift the bow. Arjuna succeeds however. The Pandavas return home and inform their mother that Arjuna has won a competition and to look at what they have brought back. Without looking, Kunti asks them to share whatever it is Arjuna has won among themselves. On explaining the previous life of Draupadi, she ends up being the wife of all five brothers.
INDRAPRASTHA
After the wedding, the Pandava brothers are invited back to Hastinapura. The Kuru family elders and relatives negotiate and broker a split of the kingdom, with the Pandavas obtaining a new territory. Yudhishtira has a new capital built for this territory at Indraprastha. Neither the Pandava nor Kaurava sides are happy with the arrangement however.
Shortly after this, Arjuna elopes with and then marries Krishna's sister, Subhadra. Yudhishtira wishes to establish his position as king; he seeks Krishna's advice. Krishna advises him, and after due preparation and the elimination of some opposition, Yudhishthira carries out the rājasūya yagna ceremony; he is thus recognised as pre-eminent among kings.
The Pandavas have a new palace built for them, by Maya the Danava. They invite their Kaurava cousins to Indraprastha. Duryodhana walks round the palace, and mistakes a glossy floor for water, and will not step in. After being told of his error, he then sees a pond, and assumes it is not water and falls in. Draupadi laughs at him and ridicules him by saying that this is because of his blind father Dhritrashtra. He then decides to avenge his humiliation.
THE DICE GAME
Shakuni, Duryodhana's uncle, now arranges a dice game, playing against Yudhishtira with loaded dice. Yudhishtira loses all his wealth, then his kingdom. He then even gambles his brothers, himself, and finally his wife into servitude. The jubilant Kauravas insult the Pandavas in their helpless state and even try to disrobe Draupadi in front of the entire court, but her honour is saved by Krishna who miraculously creates lengths of cloth to replace the ones being removed.
Dhritarashtra, Bhishma, and the other elders are aghast at the situation, but Duryodhana is adamant that there is no place for two crown princes in Hastinapura. Against his wishes Dhritarashtra orders for another dice game. The Pandavas are required to go into exile for 12 years, and in the 13th year must remain hidden. If discovered by the Kauravas, they will be forced into exile for another 12 years.
EXILE AND RETURN
The Pandavas spend thirteen years in exile; many adventures occur during this time. They also prepare alliances for a possible future conflict. They spend their final year in disguise in the court of Virata, and are discovered just after the end of the year.
At the end of their exile, they try to negotiate a return to Indraprastha. However, this fails, as Duryodhana objects that they were discovered while in hiding, and that no return of their kingdom was agreed. War becomes inevitable.
THE BATTLE AT KURUKSHETRA
The two sides summon vast armies to their help and line up at Kurukshetra for a war. The kingdoms of Panchala, Dwaraka, Kasi, Kekaya, Magadha, Matsya, Chedi, Pandyas, Telinga, and the Yadus of Mathura and some other clans like the Parama Kambojas were allied with the Pandavas. The allies of the Kauravas included the kings of Pragjyotisha, Anga, Kekaya, Sindhudesa (including Sindhus, Sauviras and Sivis), Mahishmati, Avanti in Madhyadesa, Madra, Gandhara, Bahlika people, Kambojas and many others. Before war being declared, Balarama had expressed his unhappiness at the developing conflict and left to go on pilgrimage; thus he does not take part in the battle itself. Krishna takes part in a non-combatant role, as charioteer for Arjuna.
Before the battle, Arjuna, seeing the opposing army includes many relatives and loved ones, including his great grandfather Bhishma and his teacher Drona, has doubts about the battle and he fails to lift his Gāndeeva bow. Krishna wakes him up to his call of duty in the famous Bhagavad Gita section of the epic.
Though initially sticking to chivalrous notions of warfare, both sides soon adopt dishonourable tactics. At the end of the 18-day battle, only the Pandavas, Satyaki, Kripa, Ashwatthama, Kritavarma, Yuyutsu and Krishna survive.
THE END OF THE PANDAVAS
After "seeing" the carnage, Gandhari, who had lost all her sons, curses Krishna to be a witness to a similar annihilation of his family, for though divine and capable of stopping the war, he had not done so. Krishna accepts the curse, which bears fruit 36 years later.
The Pandavas, who had ruled their kingdom meanwhile, decide to renounce everything. Clad in skins and rags they retire to the Himalaya and climb towards heaven in their bodily form. A stray dog travels with them. One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way. As each one stumbles, Yudhisthira gives the rest the reason for their fall (Draupadi was partial to Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva were vain and proud of their looks, and Bhima and Arjuna were proud of their strength and archery skills, respectively). Only the virtuous Yudhisthira, who had tried everything to prevent the carnage, and the dog remain. The dog reveals himself to be the god Yama (also known as Yama Dharmaraja), and then takes him to the underworld where he sees his siblings and wife. After explaining the nature of the test, Yama takes Yudhishthira back to heaven and explains that it was necessary to expose him to the underworld because (Rajyante narakam dhruvam) any ruler has to visit the underworld at least once. Yama then assures him that his siblings and wife would join him in heaven after they had been exposed to the underworld for measures of time according to their vices.
Arjuna's grandson Parikshit rules after them and dies bitten by a snake. His furious son, Janamejaya, decides to perform a snake sacrifice (sarpasattra) in order to destroy the snakes. It is at this sacrifice that the tale of his ancestors is narrated to him.
THE REUNION
The Mahabharata mentions that Karna, the Pandavas, and Dhritarashtra's sons eventually ascended to svarga and "attained the state of the gods" and banded together — "serene and free from anger."
THEMES
JUST WAR
The Mahabharata offers one of the first instances of theorizing about "just war", illustrating many of the standards that would be debated later across the world. In the story, one of five brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified. A long discussion ensues between the siblings, establishing criteria like proportionality (chariots cannot attack cavalry, only other chariots; no attacking people in distress), just means (no poisoned or barbed arrows), just cause (no attacking out of rage), and fair treatment of captives and the wounded.
Versions, translations, and derivative works.
CRITICAL EDITION
Between 1919 and 1966, scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced the Critical Edition of the Mahabharata, on 13,000 pages in 19 volumes, followed by the Harivamsha in another two volumes and six index volumes. This is the text that is usually used in current Mahabharata studies for reference. This work is sometimes called the "Pune" or "Poona" edition of the Mahabharata.
REGIONAL VERSIONS
Many regional versions of the work developed over time, mostly differing only in minor details, or with verses or subsidiary stories being added. These include the Tamil street theatre, terukkuttu and kattaikkuttu, the plays of which use themes from the Tamil language versions of Mahabharata, focusing on Draupadi.
Outside the Indian subcontinent, in Indonesia, a version was developed in ancient Java as Kakawin Bhāratayuddha in the 11th century under the patronage of King Dharmawangsa (990–1016), and later it spread to neighboring island of Bali where today remains a Hindu majority island, despite today Indonesia is the most populous Muslim majority nation. It has become the fertile source for Javanese literature, dance drama (wayang wong), and wayang shadow puppet performances. This Javanese version differ slightly from the original Indian version. For example Draupadi is only be wed to Yudhisthira, not to the entire Pandavas brothers, this might demonstrate ancient Javanese opposition of polyandry practice. The author later added some female characters to be wed to the Pandavas. Arjuna for example is described as having many wives and consorts next to Subhadra. Another difference is Shikhandi did not undergone sex change and remains as a woman, to be wed to Arjuna, and took the role as a warrior princess during the war. Another twist is Gandhari was described as antagonist character that hates Pandava so much. Her hate was out of jealousy, because during svayambara for the hand of Gandhari, she was actually in love with Pandu, but later being wed to his blind elder brother instead, whom she does not love, as a protest she then blindfold herself. Another notable difference is the inclusion of Punakawans, the clown servants of the main characters in the storyline, which is not found in Indian version. This characters includes Semar, Petruk, Gareng and Bagong, they are much-loved by Indonesian audiences. There are some spin-off episode developed in ancient Java, such as Arjunawiwaha composed in 11th century.
A Kawi version of the Mahabharata, of which eight of the eighteen parvas survive, is found on the Indonesian island of Bali. It has been translated into English by Dr. I. Gusti Putu Phalgunadi.
TRANSLATIONS
A Persian translation of Mahabharta, titled Razmnameh, was produced at Akbar's orders, by Faizi and `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni in the 18th century.
The first complete English translation was the Victorian prose version by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883 and 1896 (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers) and by M. N. Dutt (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers). Most critics consider the translation by Ganguli to be faithful to the original text. The complete text of Ganguli's translation is in the public domain and is available online.
Another English prose translation of the full epic, based on the Critical Edition, is in progress, published by University Of Chicago Press. It was initiated by Indologist J. A. B. van Buitenen (books 1–5) and, following a 20-year hiatus caused by the death of van Buitenen, is being continued by D. Gitomer of DePaul University (book 6), J. L. Fitzgerald of Brown University (books 11–13) and Wendy Doniger of the University of Chicago (books 14–18).
An early poetry translation by Romesh Chunder Dutt and published in 1898 condenses the main themes of the Mahabharata into English verse. A later poetic "transcreation" (author's own description) of the full epic into English, done by the poet P. Lal is complete, and in 2005 began being published by Writers Workshop, Calcutta. The P. Lal translation is a non-rhyming verse-by-verse rendering, and is the only edition in any language to include all slokas in all recensions of the work (not just those in the Critical Edition). The completion of the publishing project is scheduled for 2010. Sixteen of the eighteen volumes are now available.
A project to translate the full epic into English prose, translated by various hands, began to appear in 2005 from the Clay Sanskrit Library, published by New York University Press. The translation is based not on the Critical Edition but on the version known to the commentator Nīlakaṇṭha. Currently available are 15 volumes of the projected 32-volume edition.
Indian economist Bibek Debroy has also begun an unabridged English translation in ten volumes. Volume 1: Adi Parva was published in March 2010.
Many condensed versions, abridgements and novelistic prose retellings of the complete epic have been published in English, including works by Ramesh Menon, William Buck, R. K. Narayan, C. Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi, Krishna Dharma, Romesh C. Dutt, Bharadvaja Sarma, John D. Smith and Sharon Maas.
DERIVATIVE LITERATURE
Bhasa, the 2nd- or 3rd-century CE Sanskrit playwright, wrote two plays on episodes in the Marabharata, Urubhanga (Broken Thigh), about the fight between Duryodhana and Bhima, while Madhyamavyayoga (The Middle One) set around Bhima and his son, Ghatotkacha. The first important play of 20th century was Andha Yug (The Blind Epoch), by Dharamvir Bharati, which came in 1955, found in Mahabharat, both an ideal source and expression of modern predicaments and discontent. Starting with Ebrahim Alkazi it was staged by numerous directors. V. S. Khandekar's Marathi novel, Yayati (1960) and Girish Karnad's debut play Yayati (1961) are based on the story of King Yayati found in the Mahabharat. Bengali writer and playwright, Buddhadeva Bose wrote three plays set in Mahabharat, Anamni Angana, Pratham Partha and Kalsandhya. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni wrote a version from the perspective of Draupadi entitled The Palace of Illusions: A Novel, which was published in 2008.
Amar Chitra Katha published a 1,260 page comic book version of the Mahabharata.
IN FILM AND TELEVISION
In Indian cinema, several film versions of the epic have been made, dating back to 1920. In Telugu film Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977) directed by and starring N. T. Rama Rao depicts Karna as the lead character. The Mahabharata was also reinterpreted by Shyam Benegal in Kalyug. Prakash Jha directed 2010 film Raajneeti was partially inspired by the Mahabharata. A 2013 animated adaptation holds the record for India's most expensive animated film.
In the late 1980s, the Mahabharat TV series, directed by Ravi Chopra, was televised on India's national television (Doordarshan). In the Western world, a well-known presentation of the epic is Peter Brook's nine-hour play, which premiered in Avignon in 1985, and its five-hour movie version The Mahabharata (1989).
Uncompleted projects on the Mahabharata include a ones by Rajkumar Santoshi, and a theaterical adaptation planned by Satyajit Ray.
JAIN VERSION
Jain version of Mahabharata can be found in the various Jain texts like Harivamsapurana (the story of Harivamsa) Trisastisalakapurusa Caritra (Hagiography of 63 Illustrious persons), Pandavacaritra (lives of Pandavas) and Pandavapurana (stories of Pandavas). From the earlier canonical literature, Antakrddaaśāh (8th cannon) and Vrisnidasa (upangagama or secondary canon) contain the stories of Neminatha (22nd Tirthankara), Krishna and Balarama. Prof. Padmanabh Jaini notes that, unlike in the Hindu Puranas, the names Baladeva and Vasudeva are not restricted to Balarama and Krishna in Jain puranas. Instead they serve as names of two distinct class of mighty brothers, who appear nine times in each half of time cycles of the Jain cosmology and rule the half the earth as half-chakravartins. Jaini traces the origin of this list of brothers to the Jinacharitra by Bhadrabahu swami (4th–3rd century BCE). According to Jain cosmology Balarama, Krishna and Jarasandha are the ninth and the last set of Baladeva, Vasudeva, and Partivasudeva. The main battle is not the Mahabharata, but the fight between Krishna and Jarasandha (who is killed by Krishna). Ultimately, the Pandavas and Balarama take renunciation as Jain monks and are reborn in heavens, while on the other hand Krishna and Jarasandha are reborn in hell. In keeping with the law of karma, Krishna is reborn in hell for his exploits (sexual and violent) while Jarasandha for his evil ways. Prof. Jaini admits a possibility that perhaps because of his popularity, the Jain authors were keen to rehabilitate Krishna. The Jain texts predict that after his karmic term in hell is over sometime during the next half time-cycle, Krishna will be reborn as a Jain Tirthankara and attain liberation. Krishna and Balrama are shown as contemporaries and cousins of 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha. According to this story, Krishna arranged young Neminath’s marriage with Rajamati, the daughter of Ugrasena, but Neminatha, empathizing with the animals which were to be slaughtered for the marriage feast, left the procession suddenly and renounced the world.
CULTURAL INFLUENCE
In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna explains to Arjuna his duties as a warrior and prince and elaborates on different Yogic and Vedantic philosophies, with examples and analogies. This has led to the Gita often being described as a concise guide to Hindu philosophy and a practical, self-contained guide to life. In more modern times, Swami Vivekananda, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi and many others used the text to help inspire the Indian independence movement.
WIKIPEDIA
Oxford has one of the newest bus fleets in the UK as both businesses (Go Ahead and Stagecoach) spurred themselves on before a groundbreaking partnership agreement brokered by the council brought peace and stability.
Seen in May 2017 at Water Eaton is newish Stagecoach e400mmc 10672 SN16OYU
On today's title, the goals of International No Diet Day are virtuous, but grapefruit persecution in the name of INDD will not be tolerated!
On the picture, everyone knows about the relative sizes of the Moon and the Sun being the same. But few people know that every single full-grown grapefruit on the planet is the exact same relative size as the Moon and the Sun. How about that!
During May's Flower Moon last night (also a Supermoon this time), many of us saw this Citrusar Eclipse.
"Here under lyeth the body of William Harborne / Harbourne esquire who departed this life the 7 of November 1617 (aged 75)
Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes retired here from the world desert and praise
Should sitt upon his grave in virtuous strife this to instruct and that to wright his life
Heires spare you cost he needs no toombe, in death who embrassaged for Queene Elizabeth.
HIs next will be when at the general dome, God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home"
William Horborne was made the first ambassador to Turkey, not only did he stimulate trade, but he succeeded in freeing many captive englishment and making safe the way of English ships in Turkish waters. Dressed as a turk, he joined a caravan in 1583 bearing lavish gifts including an expensive clock, and reached Constantinople where he won the trust of the Sultan and played a key role in preventing the Ottoman Empire from supporting catholic Spain in the war with Protestant England that was taking place at the time. He came back to England in Armada year 1588 bearing a letter to Queen Elizabeth from the Sultan beginning :
"In greatness and glory, most renowned Elizabeth, most sacred Queene, and noble prince of the most mightiie worshippers of Jesus, most wise governor of the causes and affaires of the people and family of Nazareth, cloud of most pleasant raine, and sweetest fountaine of nobleness and virtue, ladie and heire of the perpertuall happinesse and glorie of the noble realme of England ........ " etc etc which must have pleased her.
He m 1589 Elizabeth 1568-1653 daughter of Anthony Drury of Besthorpe 1616 by 1st wife Anne daughter of Robert Kempe of Gissing & Elizabeth Smythe
They had several children
1. John b1595 his heir who had a sole heiress Elizabeth 1671 who m (2nd wife) Edward Ward of Bixley 1664 widower of Mary Catlyne dsp of Postwick and son of Thomas Ward 1632 by Anne Pert
- Mundham church Norfolk
"To the memorie of her deare & deceased husband, Baptist Lord Hicks, Viscount Campden, borne of a worthy family in the city of London who by the blessing of God on his ingenious endeavors arose to an ample estate & to the foresaid degrees of honour, & out of those blessings, disposed to charitable uses, in his lifetime, a large portion to the value of £10,000, who lived religiously, virtuously & generously to the age of 78 yeares & died October 18th 1629.
Elizabeth Viscountess Campden his deare consort, borne of the family of the Mays, lived his wife in all peace & contentment, the space of 45 yeares, leaving issue by her said lord & husband 2 daughters
Juliana married to Edward Lord Noel, now Viscount Campden and Maria married to Sir Charles Morison, knight and baronet,
She hath piously and carefully caused this monument to be erected as a testimonie of their mutuall love, where both their bodies may rest together in expectation of a joyfull resurrection".
" O fortunate Campden that you posess great riches and the body of your best patron, Who restored them a lord rich in lands, and who added from those lands new blossoms of honour, may you afford a tomb to this lord. He has embellished your land with many buildings and flourishing gardens; nor has he allowed the Church of God to be neglected but in his life his devout delight was to help the Poor to the utmost. In death grant that he may rest in peace; and here may you hold his modest wife, who was the companion of his life, cherish this body well worthy of resurrection, and protect it in your fostering bosom"
Baptist Lord Hicks, Viscount Campden 1629 & wife Elizabeth May.
Baptist was a silk mercer / importer and made his fortune contracting business with the Court also supplying loans to James l & the nobility At his death he was rumoured to be the richest man in the kingdom. He was knighted in 1603, made a Baron in 1720 and became Viscount Campden in 1628.
c1608 he acquired the manor and lands of John Smith 1593 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/0846p2 and in
1612 he built a new manor house, next to the church at a cost of £44,000 in the very latest style and with superb gardens, including a canal, water gardens & terraces . This was destroyed by fir in 1645 during the Civil War by order of the Royalist commander, Prince Rupert, in order to prevent it falling into the hands of the Parliamentary forces. The Gatehouse and two Banqueting Houses or pavilions remain together with some ruins of the house.
It is said that his widowed daughter Juliana lived afterwards in the converted stables, now called the Court House, in Calf Lane.
He also built a town house in Kensington called Campden House as well as a Sessions House for the Middlesex Magistrates which they named Hicks Hall. He acquired land and interest all over the country and left bequests worth c£10,000 in his will.
He was the youngest of 6 sons of Juliana 1592 daughter of William Arthur & Robert Hicks a wealthy silk mercer & freeman of the Ironmongers’ Company, who lived at Cheapside, London, and grandson of John Hicks of Tortworth (his mother m2 Anthony Penne)
His brother entered the service of William Cecil, Lord Burghley
He m Elizabeth daughter of Richard May of goldsmith of London by Mary Hillersdon: and sister of Sir Humphrey May Alderman of London & Groom to the King’s Privy Chamber
Children - sons who died as infants & 2 heiress daughters with big dowries
1. Juliana m Edward Lord Noel, 2nd Viscount Campden www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/4U2P6k
2. Mary flic.kr/p/ZyAUBo m1 Sir Charles Morrison www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/19QgNc son of Sir Charles Morison the elder 1599 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/p4uWb1 of Cassiobury, Watford & Dorothy www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/1e29dn daughter of Nicholas Clark / Clerke, of North Weston and Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Ramsey & Susannah Isham: Dorothy was the widow of Henry Long of Shingay m2 Sir John Cooper, 1st Bart of Rockbourne 1630, only son of Sir John Cooper 1610 & Margaret / Martha daughter of Anthony Skutt, of Stanton Drew, Somerset. m3 Sir Edward Alford
Baptist is credited with the continued prosperity of the town after the end of the wool staple which badly affected Winchecombe and Cirencester
Just before his death in August 1629, the bailiffs and churchwardens had conveyed to him the south chapel as "a place of sepulchre for himself and his heirs forever"
Generous with his wealth, he had repaired the chancel at his own expense. He also built a wall round the churchyard, presented the communion plate, gave the decorations for the pulpit and a large brass eagle which still survives. He also endowed the vicarage with part of the great tythes of Winfrith and West Lulworth Dorset and built almshouses and the market hall in 1627
Heraldry on the canopy - 2 shields - Gu. a fess wavy between 3 fleur de lie az. (Hicks) & Gu. a fess between 8 billets (May).
Monument costing £1000 is thought to be by Nicholas Stone
who executed a monument of son in law Sir Charles Morison at Watford church.Herts
www.chippingcampdenhistory.org.uk/content/new-contributio... - Church of St James, Chipping Campden Gloucestershire
"Veganism is the moral baseline of what we owe other animals in general, but additionally, in the case of domesticated nonhumans in need, I believe the virtuous thing to do is to provide them with a home and proper care, when we have the ability to do so." ~ Jo Charlebois
Adopt, Foster, Spay/Neuter!
Now that my young fellows are waking up early for school, we’re once again in need of quick, virtuous breakfast options.
I give you these hearty, comforting muffins that actually carry enough nutrition to be served as breakfast, or packed into your bag for a snack on the road! If you’d like a slightly sweeter treat, toss in a handful of semisweet chocolate chips!
St Bartholomew, East Ogwell, Devon
"he did special duties and services, being in commission of the peace near forty years, and high sheriff of the county of Devon in the late noble Queen Elizabeth's reign, An. 28. He was ever most virtuously affected, sound in religion, faithful and serviceable to his Princes, upright and zealous in justice, beating down vice, preferring the virtuous, and a keeper of great hospitality. His youth, in King Henry VIII's days, he spent at court, and in travel beyond the seas with honourable knights and gentlemen, first into France, Flanders, and Italy, thence they crossed the Adriatic sea, and so into Hungary and Greece, where they served against the Turks at the siege of Buda. Also he served at Bulloin, when his king, Henry VIII was present. Also at Laundersey, and was at the siege and burning of Treport, in France, &c. Also in the Western Rebellion against Edward VI he having charge of a troop of horsemen, did special good services, when in suppressing and confounding those traytors, he being sorely wounded and hurt, it pleased the king's majesty of his princely bounty to grant his warrant to the Earl of Bedford, then general of those wars, for the rewarding the said Richard Reynell with the demesnes of Weston Peverill, and house called Pennicross, in Devon, near Plymouth. This Richard left behind him 5 sons, whereof 4 are knights, all which sons even from their infancy he ever with godly care and great charge maintain'd in the schools of virtue and learning, viz. at the universities, inns of court, their prince's court, travels into Germany, France, and Italy, &c. All which sons being virtuously disposed, religious and well qualified, are at this day serviceable in some good degree or other to their king's majesty, and their country. Lastly it is generally noted and known, that the aforesaid 5 sons are a knot of as worthy and serviceable gentlemen as any in the Western parts of this kingdom of England."
Richard Reynell was born in 1519 to John Reynell and Margaret, daughter of William Fortescue of Wood, Devon
He Married Agnes Southcote, daughter of John southcote esq of Indiho in the Parish of Bovey Tracey.
29 July 1585 he died whilst still holding the position of High Sheriff.
"Katherine, wife of Hugh Stewkeley of Hinton Ampner and daughter and heir of John Trott baronet, dyed October 21st and was buried here (Laverstoke) 7th November 1679
Every age of her life was adorn'd with its proper character
She was an obedient daughter, a virtuous wife and indulgent mother
She was equal to the wisdom of the bravest of men
Friendly to the ignorance of the meanest of women
Yet she was not altogether exempt from the
Common fate which attends all eminence of parts
Of being in some things misunderstood
Of heights and distances,
What certain judgement can the vulgar make
Wherein the wise with all their art mistake
Those of mean parts uncensored live and die
The've nothing to provoke an envious eye
The dull oblige mankind and all their love engage
Whilst tis a crime to be refined above the present age".
Katherine was the heiress of Sir John Trott of Laverstoke by Elizabeth flic.kr/p/23mDmF co-heiress of Sir Edmund Wright of Swakeleys, Ickenham, Lord Mayor of London - more intelligent than the average woman, her love of learning (according to the inscription) made many envious and unkind
She m (1st wife) Sir Hugh Stewkley 2nd bart 1719 son of Sir John Stukeley 1642 by Sarah daughter of Ambrose Dauntsey of Lavington
children
1. Catherine 1683 m Sir Charles Shuckburgh son of Sir John Shuckburgh and Catherine Fermor (parents of Sarah Elizabeth wife of Charles Bentley of Kineton www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/ia40TN )
- more intelligent than the average woman, her love of learning made many envious and unkind
Hugh m2 Mary daughter of John Young having a daughter Mary bc 1683-1740 m Edward Stawell, 4th Lord of Somerton - Their heiress Mary m Henry Bilson-Legge flic.kr/p/23mDm4 4th son of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth and inherited the Stawell estates and in 1760 the barony held by her father was revived when she was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baroness Stawell of Somerton She was succeeded by her only son, the 2nd Baron who having no male issue, the barony became extinct on his death in 1820.
monument brought from Laverstoke old church - Church of All Saints, Hinton Ampner, Hants
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A stop off at MacLeay Park, before heading to tea.
The Prudent Cyclist has more on the ride.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
Source: The sad case of Mrs. Kate Southern! The beautiful, virtuous Georgia wife, who, being maddened to insanity by the outrageous taunts of a bad woman who had enticed her husband away, killed her (Philadelphia, Pa.: Old Franklin Pub. House, 1878); 24 cm. Call # LM Sa15 c.1.
McDade, T.M. Murder 894.
Another memorial to one of the Stocks family, this time Fanny, wife of Robert. The subject matter is the Virtuous Mother of the book of Proverbs.
Louise Glück read from her work and then joined with Peter Streckfus in a conversation as part of the Lannan Foundation's Literary series live at the Lensic Theater.
Wednesday May 11, 2016
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Learn more about this event here.
Subscribe to Lannan Podcasts here.
For use, contact donusner@lannan.com.
Searching for a best ballet dance classes near you? Learn to dance from professionals at Virtuous Dance Center offers a host of options for students of all ages. Call today
Website link - virtuousdancecenter.com/class/ballet/
"Under this weeping marble lyes the body of the virtuous Mrs Mary Hanbury one of the daughters and coheires of Thomas Waller, sergeant at Law descended from Richard Waller of Groombridge flic.kr/p/2jnK7o ....who with his own hand took Charles Duke of Orleans of the french army prisoner.
She was wife and widow of John Hanbury Esq (1687) ...by whom she bore 3 sons ..."
Mary m John 1633-1687 son of Edward Hanbury and first wife Dorothy Shuckburgh
Children
1. Thomas 1669-1721
2. John 1671-1632 m Catherine daughter of Sir William Gore
3. Edward 1674-
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Along the route of the Vice Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
A full report on the ride will be available at The Prudent Cyclist.
And if you didn't catch the Virtuous Tweed Ride, there's a little on that ride as well.
Over the weekend I had an unusual shooting opportunity. My friend Mark (of Virtuous Photography) is not only the father of two girls in the dance troupe, but their "(un)official" photographer as well. (His daughter is second from the right.) He invited me along to shoot their performance as part of the "Haunted Fairgrounds" Halloween festivities For most of the evening I was able to set up with my tripod straddling the corner of the stage, right in the thick of the action.
The shoot was challenging because of the low light, but fun and interesting too, because I've never done anything quite like this before. Because the performance was repeated, I could start to anticipate events and plan my shots as well as experiment with different settings.
What's the big deal about kettle cooked? All it tells me is that they don't sell enough to buy a decent continuous crisp fryer. There's nothing virtuous about batch frying. Image from FMCG Business magazine, March 2022. Published by C&I Media (NZ) Ltd. Magazine from my collection.
a throwback to the virtuously simple tropical huts and the early days of prefab. must be from california or new orleans.
very virtuous am. got up and went to kettlebell, even though i'd only had 4.5 hours sleep after a night shift.
pm, undid all that by meeting catherine at waitrose, and having afternoon tea. :-S
this was something like £6.25, i thought that was pretty good. they are mini sandwiches, and mini scones and mini cakes, but i imagine the calories are fairly maxi. oh well, life's too short and all that!
'english' (as in typically ;-D) for the scavenger hunt
Style Card
Hair: Vanity Hair - Wake Up Alone
Eyeshadow: blackLiquid MakeUp - Isis Gold
Necklace: Donna Flora - Pigalle Set / Onix
Breast: ::Lolas tango:: Mesh Breasts (Color Hud+Skin Fixer Light Med Tan +Basic Bikini+Basic TankTop+Basic TubeTop+Developers Kit)
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Shoes: E-clipse Design - Ancilla Boots / Black
Corset Top & Skirt: ***ArisAris*** Virtuous + Lolas Tango Top Applier
(Only for one week 45 L$)
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"Sacred to the memory of that virtuous and hopefull yong man John Downe son of that late reverend Mr John Downe and Agnes his wife who after some two years studying the university of Oxford departed this life the 12 of July AD 1640 aged 21
Whiles this sweet youth with studious care did strive
to excel in grace and vertues being alive:
So fair a progress his yong years did make
As made (it seems) even death himself mistake
Who numbering years by vertues, thence grew bold
To mow him downe, because hee thought him old
Unhappy errour since the world must want
So rare example in its greatest scant:
Ah reader then with tears well may thine eye
Bedew the place here where his ashes lye"
John matriculated at Exeter College in 1637 where his studies would have been entirely based on classical literature and scholastic philosophy based on the works of Aristotle. After 2 years John became ill th and returned to die here at Instow .
He was the grandson of Henry Downe, merchant of Barnstaple by Cicely daughter of John Jewel of East Downe by Alice daughter of Richard Bellamie and sister of John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury dsp 1571.
He was the son of Rev John Downe 1570-1631, rector of Instow for 30 years by 2nd wife Agnes of Pilton . His father had m1 Rebecca of Fremington d1614 having 2 daughters
and "although he had no great income, yet God so blessed him with competent means that he lived contentedly, brought up his children in a decent manner, furnished himself with a library, relieved the poor and was not wanting to his kindred that stood in need of his help. And for hospitality, he was constant in entertaining his friends and such as came to visit him in a cheerful and plentiful manner’.
His elder brother Henry (d1665) graduated from Exeter College Oxford, became a Barnstaple GP in 1647 after reading Medicine in Caen, Normandy (probably going abroad because of the Civil War) m Honor daughter of John Berry by Mary Leigh and sister of Sir Thomas Berry of Burrough House Northam having a son Henry who m Anne daughter of Sir John Chichester
Arms: — Gules, a buck's head caboshed, Erm., attired, Or.