View allAll Photos Tagged virtuous
“[1665. September] 3. lords day. I went to Billinge Chappell in the afternoone with John Potter and others and we went and called on Henry Birchall in the fields and spent each 2d and so went to chappell. When eveninge service was done Mr Blackburne envited me into house but I could not goe but desired excuse. We came back againe to Henry Birchall and stayd awhile and so came for home.”
[From “Diary of Roger Lowe of Ashton-in-Makerfield”, Wigan Archives ref. D/DZ A58]
A pleading of 1539 against churchwarden James Roby and others rehearses that, “for a virtuous and godly entent, and for the ease of the people near there adjoining” and to enable them “to hear there divine service according to their bounden duty”, there had recently been “erected and made ... within the said township of Byllynge [a] convenient chapel...”.*
The only “convenience” that the royal commissioners found worthy of record when they visited in 1559 was “1 littil belle”** - but this was presumably a consequence of the actions of a certain James Winstanley who, in or about 1553,
“did ryotouslye assemble unto hym at Byllynge aforesaid dyverse ryotouse and evell dysposed p’sons to the nomber of [20] p’sons … & then and there so being assembled wth force & armes in very ryotouse manr dyd entre into the said chapelle. And one bell price 3 pounds one chalyce wt a patentt price 3 pounds 10 s[hillings] 2 vestymetts 2 surpleses a crosse & a cruett & also 2 chysts or coffers of the goods & catalls … then & there found & being for the admynystrac’on of godds srvice wt all & syngler o[the]r ornamentts belongynge to the same dyd nott only then & there ryotouslye wrongfully unjustlye & w[ith]out conscyence take carye & conveye awaye & the same hathe converted to hys owne use butt also not beinge therew[i]t[h] contented but myndynge uttrlye to destroye the said chapell for evr of verye malice & hate [tha]t he had & beare towards the service of god which he p'ceaved the quenes majestye was mynded to advance & sett forwards dyd lykewyse pullynge downe the glasse whiche dyd stand in the wyndoywes of the said chapell & casting out the formes cheyres & other thyngs … & convertynge the same to hys owne use stoppe up the said wyndowes & walles of the said chapell wth bowes & bromes & hathe thereof made a barne wherein he hathe sett hys corne & heye & hathe ever synce wth lyke force & armes & ryotouse manr so kept the said chapell. So [tha]t there co[u]ld nott be any devyne srvyce said or sunge or any sacraments mynystred wthin the same...”***
The chapel must have been restored to some extent by the end of the 16th century, and seems to have been enlarged in the early part of the 17th .*4 The present Grade II*- listed church, which is dedicated to St Aidan, is mostly the result of a complete re-building of the chapel on its original site in 1717-18. Of the chapel with which Roger Lowe was familiar, the only surviving element is a painted glass panel of 1637, now inserted into the Sawyer memorial window at the western end of the north wall.*5
*William Billing v James Roby & others re. Interruption of Divine Service at Wigan Church and Billinge Chapel. The (badly damaged) original is in “Duchy of Lancaster: Court of Duchy Chamber: Pleadings” at National Archives ref. DL 1. There is a partial transcript in “Pleadings & Depositions in the Duchy Court of Lancaster Time of Henry VIII”, Rec Soc Lancs & Ches Vol 35 (1897). It is surmised that construction of the chapel must have occurred at some point between Henry VIII's “Valor Ecclesiasticus” of 1535 and the commencement of these proceedings.
**National Archives ref E117; “Church Goods [etc]”, Chetham Soc OS Vol 113, 1888.
***Undated, at National Archives ref. DL 1. There is a full transcript of this document in “Pleadings and depositions...”, Rec Soc Lancs & Ches Vol 40, 1899. The addressee, Sir Robert Rochester, served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster during the reign of Queen Mary – indicating, perhaps, that the actions of James Winstanley & co were a reaction to the attempted restoration of Catholicism. An alternative hypothesis is that the chapel had temporarily fallen out of use as a centre for religious worship and had in fact been acquired by Winstanley for storing grain etc. His will, preserved at Lancashire Archives ref. WCW/Supra/C1/61, expresses a desire to be buried “within the holy sepulchre in the parish church of Wigan”.
*4 See, more generally, Wigan Archives refs. D/P 6/24/26 (copy of Rev W A Wickham's “Some Notes on Billinge”, 1909, with additional notes by Rev D W Harris, 1968); D/P 6/2/1 (“Billinge, St Aidan: Briefs etc re dispute over the patronage”, 1768) and D/DZ A13/1 (“Ledger” of John Bridgeman, Wigan Rector and Bishop of Chester, 1615-1642).
*5 The figures “1 6 3 7” can just be made out on the left-hand side, immediately below the horizontal bar and highlighted in blue on the above photograph. Howard Sainsbury suggests in “An Informal History of St Aidan's, Billinge” (self-published, 2006) that the date of the glass may correspond with the first centenary of the original chapel. Whilst the arms incorporated in the design are generally assumed to be those of the Bankes family of Winstanley Hall, Rev Wickham (op cit) points out that, in certain respects, they bear a closer resemblance to those of the Ashursts of Ashurst. Rev Wickham also mentions the discovery of oak timbers marked “1687” in the course of renovations undertaken during 1907-8.
The photographs were taken on 8 September 2016 (exteriors) and 21 September 2019 (interiors).
Shri Radhe Maa - Wisdom quotes, Inner peace, meditation, quotes and saying, quotes of life, radhe maa, radhe guru maa, wisdom quotes, radhe maa teachings, spiritual quotes, spiritual sayings, spiritual insights, spiritual leader
" In departure of the illustrious man Sir Arthur Acland, golden knight, who departed from this life on the 26th day of December in the year of Our Lord 1610 of his age 37
Also the noble and truly virtuous ladie Elynor daughter & coheire of Robert Malet of Wolleigh in the countie of Devon esq; wife first to Sir Arthur Acland of Acland knight; and afterwards to Sir Francis Vincent of Stoke Daubernon in ye countie of surrie knight & Baronet; who exchanged this life for a better August ye 10th 1645 aged 72
"Madam to say you'r dead were but to tell
A lie or make the poet infidell,
You in your vertue live immortall that,
Free fro(m) ye dart of death or stroke of fate,
You in yo(u)r children live yo(u)r progenie,
And that's a kind of immortalitie,
Yo(u)r body doth but sleep yo(u)r grave's a bed,
Yo(u)r stone a pillowe whereo(n) to lye yo(u)r head,
Till vertue, children, body, soule anon,
Shall all meet in the Resurrection"
Sir Arthur b1573 was the heir of Hugh Acland 1622 of Acland, Sheriff of Devon by Margaret 1619 daughter of Thomas Monke of Potheridge House Merton by Frances daughter of Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle illegitimate son of King Edward IV
He bought Killerton manor from Thomas Drewe son of Edward Drewe 1598 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/1pD8bM ===
He m Eleanor 1573-1645 co-heiress of Robert Mallet 1577 of Wooleigh Barton in Beaford , Great Torrington by Elizabeth Rolle www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/DM413t who later married Arthur's uncle Sir John Acland 1620 of Columb John www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/Vsm767 who left his estates to Arthur's father Hugh.
Children
1. Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet c.1591-1647, ancestor of the Aclands of Killerton === m his step sister Elizabeth 1671 daughter of Anthony Vincent of Stoke D'Abernon.+++ by Sarah flic.kr/p/d8QLSS daughter of Sir Amias Paulet of Hinton St George flic.kr/p/q6UTJm and Margaret Hervey flic.kr/p/wmSsae
2. Elizabeth b1596 m1 Thomas son of William Waldegrave & Jemima Bacon m2 Sir Anthony Vincent, 2nd Baronet
3. Anne dsp
Widow Eleanor m2 Anthony Vincent of Stoke D'Abernon +++
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Acland_(died_1610)
The crude unsightly overpaint has now been removed to reveal the earlier more natural paint schemes www.mcneilage-conservation.co.uk/index.php?page=st-paul-s...
- Landkey church Devon
Picture with thanks - Mike Searle CCL
The Unfairground is an umbrella for radically subversive art and music, where the act of repurposing both ideas and salvaged material turns the unethical cycle of consumerism and wastefulness into a virtuous one.
Presenting collisions of big top music venues, twisted fairground shows and iconic sculptural madness, highlighting unfairness in society.
The Flying Bus
The one & only outdoor stage created from reploying two convoy buses, pulled into the night sky by cherubs & a team of Pegasus.
Featuring live underground bands curated by Wango Riley Jnr in the evening and the new wave of House & Techno DJ’s curated by the Son of Acid till dawn.
Creatives
Artistic director Sam Haggarty brings together artists, fabricators and performers for unique collaborations in events and exhibitions.
Outside of the Unfairground his was work was considered to be the pioneer of radical art in the Royal Academy and was a founding member of The Mutoid Waste Company
Art Director Dotaster presents the very best of Graffiti art across the activities of Unfairground. Every year he nominates a special guest artist who’s imagery permeates the field, including Ben Eine, Inky & D-Face.
Something wicked this way comes as the unfairground rolls into town. Mutant dolls juggled by perverse clowns, a modern satirical take on travelling amusements. Roll Up! Roll Up! For the strangest show on earth!
Unfairground is a showcase for the most visionary and trailblazing subterranean artists of today and the leading art field for subversive and radical art where the act of repurposing both ideas and salvaged material turns the unethical cycle of consumerism and wastefulness into a virtuous one, with the theme of highlighting the unfairness in society and allowing for a uniquely twisted, immersive and interactive visitor experience where participation makes everyone a winner.
Infused with equal measures of anarchist spirit and satirical wit, Unfairground is at the cutting edge of festival culture. Best known for their giant welded artwork, interactive diversions, burlesque performances and sprawling installations, the art field has embraced an entirely original modus operandi excavating an underground art culture that cannot be experienced in such a way anywhere else.
The Unfairground will bend your mind & steal your soul!
Some of the bikes parked around the start of the Vice Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
A full report on the ride will be available at The Prudent Cyclist.
And if you didn't catch the Virtuous Tweed Ride, there's a little on that ride as well.
Image © Susan Candelario / SDC Photography, All Rights Reserved. The image is protected by U.S. and International copyright laws, and is not to be downloaded or reproduced in any way without written permission.
If you would like to license this image for any purpose, please visit my site and contact me with any questions you may have. Please visit Susan Candelario artists website to purchase Prints Thank You.
Sir William Spencer (1609) and wife Margaret 1608 daughter of Francis Bowyer, Alderman of London - monument probably built 1611 by Jasper Holleman
"Sir William Spencer knight lord of this manor. Third Sonne of Sr John Spencer of Althrop in the countie of Northampton knight here resteth with Margaret his wife, daughter of Francis Bowier of Middlesex esquire leaving issue two sonnes and five daughters. They both as they lived virtuously and laudably soe in assured hope to live eternally in Christ ended this transitory life, he on the 18th December 1609: She on the 19th June 1608"
William was the third son of Sir John Spencer 1586 and Katherine Kitson www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/7163628727/ daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrove Suffolk and Margaret Donnington www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/7163628727/
Margaret was the daughter of Francis Bowyer of Chichester by Elizabeth Tlllesworth
Children
1. Sir Thomas Spencer, 1st Baronet (c 1586 -1622) m Margaret daughter of Richard Brainthwait, Serjeant at Law . Margaret m2 as his third wife Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret grandparents of Thomas Spencer 2nd bart www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/2424259207/
2. George b 1586 dsp
1.. Catherine d1612 m Henry Montagu 1st Earl of Manchester, son of Sir Edward Montagu of Boughton and Elizabeth www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/5x27np daughter of Sir James Harrington of Exton by Lucy www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/813W68 daughter of William Sydney of Penshurst 1554 and Agnes Pagenham www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/863734281/
2. Elizabeth 1618 m Thomas Russell 1632 of Strensham www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/drGU6k son of John Russell by Elizabeth daughter of Ralph Sheldon
3. Mary d1631 flic.kr/p/4Ge73R m 1608 (2nd wife) Maximillian Dallison Dalison / Dallyson 1631 of Haling & Clerkenwell, son of Silvester flic.kr/p/7tF7Wb heiress of Robert Dene, gent , of Halling and of Margaret Whyte by 1st husband William Dallison d1581 (they had 7 sons & 3 daughters). .
4. Alice flic.kr/p/4Ge73R m Sir Thomas Colvile / Colville of Newton
5. Margaret m Sir Thomas Woodward of Evesham
a few favourites hanging around in my Etsy favourites... blogged: blueberry-park.blogspot.com/2012/01/im-feeling-virtuous-t...
In sacred memory of Timothy Burrell born here , virtuous , talented in the law and the best study of the arts. greatly pious and beneficent to the good of humanity.
All succeeded, all failed. An only child Elizabeth (like many) uncertain when alive or dead he loved most consistently He did not long survive the disaster and died 26th day of December AD 1717 aged 75 .
This monument was erected by Walter and Peter Burrell"
Timothy was baptised here on 22 Jan 1643 the 5th son of Walter Burrell and Frances www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/J5vBj0xE2c daughter of John Hooper of Halberton & Stockbury, Kent & Frances daughter of Sir Thomas Roberts of Glassenbury
He was the grandson of Ninian Burrell 1614 & Jane Smith www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/w8L3J9oYt4
He was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 22 Jun 1659. Matriculated in 1659. Scholar 1661. Admitted at Inner Temple 1661. BA 1662/3. He was a pupil of the famous naturalist, John Ray, fellow and tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a barrister-at-law.
Timothy was known as 'Councillor Burrell" because after he gave up his practice in London and settled at Ockenden House, Cuckfield, he was often consulted, and for a fee of ten shillings gave his opinion. He was Steward of the Manor of Cuckfield from 1704 to 1714.
He m1 c1681 Elizabeth dsp 1682 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/4936Q31XN4 daughter of Sir Henry Goring of Highden (who succeeded Sir James Bowyer as 2nd Bart. n 1680.) by Frances daughter of Sir Edward Bishop & Mary Tufton
He m2 c1683 Mary 1657 - dsp 1694 daughter of Sir Job Charlton of Ludford flic.kr/p/dj2MUL & Dorothy www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/8080309948/ d1658 sole daughter and heir of William Blunden of Bishop’s Castle and Dorothy daughter of Edmond Waring of Owlebury.
He m3 1695 Elizabeth Chilcott died on 8 Feb 1696 after giving birth to his only child
Elizabeth born 28 Jan 1696 1696 / baptised 15th Feb - d1734 m 1714 Thomas 2nd Baron Trevor of Bromham son of Sir Thomas Trevor & Elizabeth Searle (parents of Elizabeth c1715 - 1761 m Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough
- Church of the Holy Trinity , Cuckfield Sussex
A stop off at MacLeay Park, before heading to tea.
The Prudent Cyclist has more on the ride.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
Beyond the body and mind, we are Atman (Soul). Meditation is the art of observing, inner transformation, realizing and merging the body and mind with the Atman. Ultimately the Yogi wishes to merge the Atman (individual soul) with the Paramatma (Universal Consciousness).
An essential principle of Yoga is to utilize asanas and pranayama practices to prepare the body and mind for meditation, which is the path of Raja Yoga (King Yoga).
Dhyana (meditation) is about immersing our consciousness into one of the infinite aspects of the Divine; which are Bliss, Truth, Joy, Compassion, Love, Peace, Forgiveness, Humbleness among the other virtuous moral values.
"Katherine, wife of Hugh Stewkeley of Hinton Ampner and daughter and heir of John Trott baronet, dyed October 21st and was buried here (Laverstoke) 7th November 1679
Every age of her life was adorn'd with its proper character
She was an obedient daughter, a virtuous wife and indulgent mother
She was equal to the wisdom of the bravest of men
Friendly to the ignorance of the meanest of women
Yet she was not altogether exempt from the
Common fate which attends all eminence of parts
Of being in some things misunderstood
Of heights and distances,
What certain judgement can the vulgar make
Wherein the wise with all their art mistake
Those of mean parts uncensored live and die
The've nothing to provoke an envious eye
The dull oblige mankind and all their love engage
Whilst tis a crime to be refined above the present age".
Katherine was the heiress of Sir John Trott of Laverstoke by Elizabeth flic.kr/p/23mDmF co-heiress of Sir Edmund Wright of Swakeleys, Ickenham, Lord Mayor of London - more intelligent than the average woman, her love of learning (according to the inscription) made many envious and unkind
She m (1st wife) Sir Hugh Stewkley 2nd bart 1719 son of Sir John Stukeley 1642 by Sarah daughter of Ambrose Dauntsey of Lavington
children
1. Catherine 1683 m Sir Charles Shuckburgh son of Sir John Shuckburgh and Catherine Fermor (parents of Sarah Elizabeth wife of Charles Bentley of Kineton www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/ia40TN )
- more intelligent than the average woman, her love of learning made many envious and unkind
Hugh m2 Mary daughter of John Young having a daughter Mary bc 1683-1740 m Edward Stawell, 4th Lord of Somerton - Their heiress Mary m Henry Bilson-Legge flic.kr/p/23mDm4 4th son of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth and inherited the Stawell estates and in 1760 the barony held by her father was revived when she was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baroness Stawell of Somerton She was succeeded by her only son, the 2nd Baron who having no male issue, the barony became extinct on his death in 1820.
monument brought from Laverstoke old church
- Church of All Saints, Hinton Ampner, Hants
"No action can be virtuous
unless it is freely chosen...
to be moral, an act must be free."
•"It's easy to be conspicuously 'compassionate' if others are being forced to pay the cost."
• An outspoken advocate for freedom and Austrian economics, author of For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto
• Coined modern use of "anarcho-capitalism".
•"What is taxation but theft on a gigantic, unchecked, scale?
What is war but mass murder on a scale impossible by private police forces? What is conscription but mass enslavement? "
• Influenced by Ludwig von Mises, Edmund Burke, Frèdèric Bastiat, Albert Jay Nock, Inspired Ron Paul, Karl Hess
"Free-market capitalism is a network of free and voluntary exchanges in which producers work, produce, and exchange their products for the products of others through prices voluntarily arrived at."
Juliette is a novel written by the Marquis de Sade and published 1797–1801, accompanying Sade's Nouvelle Justine. While Justine, Juliette's sister, was a virtuous woman who consequently encountered nothing but despair and abuse, Juliette is an amoral nymphomaniac who ends up successful and happy.
"Here lyeth in hope of ye resurrection, ye body of ye right woorthy William St Andrew Esqr Lord of the Manor of Gotha whose ancestors have resided here this 350 years : He dyed (to ye unspeakable griefe of all his frends) in ye 40 year of his age ye 25th of No Ao DNI 1624 Livinge desired, dyinge Lamented, for ye greate goode which was founde in him towarde his God, his countrie, his frendes. He had three wives
MARY ye eldest daughtr of Thomas Skeffington of Skeffington Esqr: She was virtuous and religious dyed ye 15th of March, 1605, at ye age of 27 yet who brought great advancement to ye house & by who he had issue, 2 sonns and 2 daughters: John the eldest married Elizabeth daughter of John Bainbrigge of Lockington Esqr : William died at ye age of 11 years : & Iane died at 18 years : Barbara married to William ye only son of ye said Io : B : & died ye 5 of Apl [1624]
His second wife was MARY ye daughter of Edward Pilkingtön of Stanton Esqr: an ancient familie she was modest and full of pyetie : her age 27: Depted this life ye 7th of July 1618 : Both these lye here interred wth him, His third wife was ELIZABETH of ye worfll family of Wedgewoods of Haracles in ye County of Staff : who is yet livinge this Iune, Ao D--- : 1625 VIVIT POST FVNERA VIRTVS"
William St Andrew c1528-1624 m1 Mary c1578-1605 daughter of Thomas Skeffington d1600 of Billesden and Isabella Byron www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/10578509685/
Children
1. John c1601-d1625 www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/10554239286/ m Elizabeth daughter of John Bainbrigge ++ of Lockington grand daughter of William Bainbrigge & Elizabeth Charde www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/1147321953/
2. William died aged 11 years
1. Jane died aged 18 years
2. Barbara dsp1623 aged 18 m William son of John Bainbrigge ++ of Lockington (grandson of William Bainbrigge & Elizabeth Charde www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/1147321953/ (William m2 Elizabeth daughter of Gervase Pigott of Thrumpton)
After the death of Mary's brother John in 1613 his property at Billesden passed to his 2 sisters Mary and Katherine wife of Robert Barford her second husband Although the Barfords seem to have retained interests in Billesdon for some years, the manor came into the possession of the St. Andrew family John St. Andrew, the son of William and Mary, died in 1626 and his property in Billesdon, which in1646 brought in rents of £23 a year passed to his daughter Barbara wife of Oliver St. John of Woodford Northants Their son Andrew or St. Andrew succeeded to the manor before 1663 and died in 1701
- Gotham church Nottinghamshire
Daily #Art - Day 08-04-19
(2019) Virtuous Good
I was doing some creative graphic research on the Chinese character “善”, which means good, kind, or virtuous.
So here's an animated clip as the result.
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每日藝術 - 2019年8月4日
（2019）善
工作須要我在對漢字「善」進行一些字型創造的研究，於是創造了這個動圖。
(#15,679 / #269 / #165)
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#dailyart #animatedart #chinesecharacter #calligraphy #chinesecalligrahy #word #good #kind #virtuous #kanji #善 #字 #漢字 #hinxlinx #ericlynxlin #elynx #軒 #instaart #artofinstagram
Boudha Kathmandu Nepal
flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/2084935657/
Three men holding each others' arms and hands to show affection ...
He is the remover of all obstacles ... from the way of a virtuous being.
He can equally well, place an obstacle on one's way, who needs to be checked.
You can't fool me with your virtuous brand name. I've seen enough hentai to know where this is going.
The words associated with the root word convey the sense of righteousness, virtue, kindness, benignity. Words used in an opposite sense are infidelity, sin, transgression going beyond permissible limits, disobedience, compelling, wretchedness, etc. In view of this Al Barru would be One Who exhibits fidelity and response, One Who is Worthy, Virtuous, Kind, Benign, etc., Al Barru can be translated as The Kind.
the only way I know to eat the amaranth is boiled. which I like, but still, there's got to be some way to be virtuous *and* have variety
Sir William Spencer (1609) and wife Margaret 1608 daughter of Francis Bowyer, Alderman of London - monument probably built 1611 by Jasper Holleman
"Sir William Spencer knight lord of this manor. Third Sonne of Sr John Spencer of Althrop in the countie of Northampton knight here resteth with Margaret his wife, daughter of Francis Bowier of Middlesex esquire leaving issue two sonnes and five daughters. They both as they lived virtuously and laudably soe in assured hope to live eternally in Christ ended this transitory life, he on the 18th December 1609: She on the 19th June 1608"
William was the third son of Sir John Spencer 1586 and Katherine Kitson www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/7163628727/ daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrove Suffolk and Margaret Donnington www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/7163628727/
Margaret was the daughter of Francis Bowyer of Chichester by Elizabeth Tlllesworth
Children
1. Sir Thomas Spencer, 1st Baronet (c 1586 -1622) m Margaret daughter of Richard Brainthwait, Serjeant at Law . Margaret m2 as his third wife Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret grandparents of Thomas Spencer 2nd bart www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/2424259207/
2. George b 1586 dsp
1.. Catherine d1612 m Henry Montagu 1st Earl of Manchester, son of Sir Edward Montagu of Boughton and Elizabeth www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/5x27np daughter of Sir James Harrington of Exton by Lucy www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/813W68 daughter of William Sydney of Penshurst 1554 and Agnes Pagenham www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/863734281/
2. Elizabeth 1618 m Thomas Russell 1632 of Strensham www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/drGU6k son of John Russell by Elizabeth daughter of Ralph Sheldon
3. Mary d1631 flic.kr/p/4Ge73R m 1608 (2nd wife) Maximillian Dallison Dalison / Dallyson 1631 of Haling & Clerkenwell, son of Silvester flic.kr/p/7tF7Wb heiress of Robert Dene, gent , of Halling and of Margaret Whyte by 1st husband William Dallison d1581 (they had 7 sons & 3 daughters). .
4. Alice flic.kr/p/4Ge73R m Sir Thomas Colvile / Colville of Newton
5. Margaret m Sir Thomas Woodward of Evesham
One of the many photos from today's Virtuous Tweed Ride through Portland, Oregon.
More photos to come soon, as well as an article describing the jolly-good time on The Prudent Cyclist.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
I virtuously chose the pomodoro veggie spaghetti dish at Bella Italia. It tasted quite reasonable. Courgette, golden beetroot and carrot, all spiralised.
Kartikeya, also known as Skanda, Murugan and Subramaniyan, is the Hindu god of war. He is the commander-in-chief of the army of the devas (gods) and the son of Shiva and Parvati.
Murugan is often referred to as "Tamil Kadavul" (meaning "God of Tamils") and is worshiped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially South India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and Katirkāmam Temple situated deep south.[1] Hindus in Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan at the Batu Caves and various temples where Thaipusam is celebrated with grandeur.
In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Kartikeya is known as Subrahmanya with a temple at Kukke Subramanya known for Sarpa shanti rites dedicated to Him and another famous temple at Ghati Subramanya also in Karnataka. In Bengal and Odisha, he is popularly known as Kartikeya (meaning 'son of Krittika').[2]
Other names[edit]
Like most Hindu deities, Subrahmanya is known by many other names, including Senthil, Vēlaṇ, Kumāran (meaning 'prince or child or young one'), Swaminatha (meaning 'smart' or 'clever'), Saravaṇa, Arumugam or Shanmuga (meaning 'one with six faces'), Dhandapani (meaning God with a Club), Guhan or Guruguha (meaning 'cave-dweller'), Subrahmanya, Kartikeya and Skanda (meaning 'that which is spilled or oozed).[3][4] He was also known as Mahasena and the Kadamba Dynasty kings worshiped him by this name.[5]
Vedas[edit]
The Atharva Veda describes Kumaran as 'Agnibhuh' because he is form of 'Agni' (Fire God) & Agni hold in his hand when kumaran born. The Satapatha Brahmana refers to him as the son of Rudra and the six faces of Rudra. The Taittiriya Aranyaka contains the Gayatri mantra for Shanmukha. The Chandogya Upanishad refers to Skanda as the "way that leads to wisdom". The Baudhayana Dharmasutra mentions Skanda as 'Mahasena' and 'Subrahmanya.' The Aranya Parva canto of the Mahabharata relates the legend of Kartikeya Skanda in considerable detail. The Skanda Purana is devoted to the narrative of Kartikeya.[6] The Upanishads also constantly make a reference to a Supreme Being called Guha, the indweller.
The first elaborate account of Kartikeya's origin occurs in the Mahabharata. In a complicated story, he is said to have been born from Agni and Svaha, after the latter impersonated the six of the seven wives of the Saptarishi (Seven Sages). The actual wives then become the Pleiades. Kartikeya is said to have been born to destroy the Asura Mahisha.[7] (In later mythology, Mahisha became the adversary of Durga.) Indra attacks Kartikeya as he sees the latter as a threat, until Shiva intervenes and makes Kartikeya the commander-in-chief of the army of the Devas. He is also married to Devasena, Indra's daughter. The origin of this marriage lies probably in the punning of 'Deva-sena-pati'. It can mean either lord of Devasena or Lord of the army (sena) of Devas. But according to Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, in his master work on Shiva[8] and other works, Kartikeya was married to Devasenā and that is on the ground of his name as Devasena's husband, Devasenāpati, misinterpreted as Deva-senāpati (Deva's general) that he was granted the title general and made the Deva's army general.[9]
The Ramayana version is closer to the stories told in the Puranas discussed below.
Tolkappiyam, possibly the most ancient of the extant Sangam works, dated between the 3rd century BCE and 5th century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils."[10] The Sangam poetry divided space and Tamil land into five allegorical areas (tinai) and according to the Tirumurugarruppatai ( c. 400–450 AD) attributed to the great Sangam poet Nakkiirar, Murugan was the presiding deity the Kurinci region (hilly area). (Tirumurugaruppatai is a deeply devotional poem included in the ten idylls (Pattupattu) of the age of the third Sangam). The other Sangam era works in Tamil that refer to Murugan in detail include the Paripaatal, the Akananuru and the Purananuru. One poem in the Paripaatal describes the veneration of Murugan thus:
"We implore thee not for boons of enjoyment or wealth,
But for thy grace beatific, love and virtuous deeds."
According to the Tamil devotional work, Thiruppugazh, "Murugan never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon in piety or distress". In another work, Thirumurukkarrupatai, he is described as a god of eternal youth;
His face shines a myriad rays light and removes the darkness from this world.[11]
The references to Murugan can be traced back to the first millennium BCE. There are references to Murugan in Kautilya's Arthashastra, in the works of Patanjali, in Kalidasa's epic poem the Kumarasambhavam. The Kushanas, who governed from what is today Peshawar, and the Yaudheyas, a republican clan in the Punjab, struck coins bearing the image of Skanda. The deity was venerated also by the Ikshvakus, an Andhra dynasty, and the Guptas.[6] The worship of Kumāra was one of the six principal sects of Hinduism at the time of Adi Shankara. The Shanmata system propagated by him included this sect. In many Shiva and Devi temples of Tamil Nadu, Murugan is installed on the left of the main deity. The story of His birth goes as follows:
Sati immolated herself in a pyre as her father King Daksha had insulted Shiva, her Lord. She was reborn as Parvathi or Uma, daughter of the King of Himalayas, Himavan. She then married her Lord Shiva. The Devas were under onslaught from the Asuras whose leader was Soorapadman. He had been granted boons that only Lord Shiva or his seed could kill him. Fearless he vanquished the Devas and made them his slaves. The Devas ran to Vishnu for help who told them that it was merely their fault for attending Daksha's yagna, without the presence of Lord Shiva. After this, they ran to Shiva for help. Shiva decided to take action against Soorapadman's increasing conceit. He frowned and his third eye- the eye of knowledge- started releasing sparks. These were six sparks in total. Agni had the responsibility to take them to Saravana Lake. As he was carrying them, the sparks were growing hotter and hotter that even the Lord of Fire could not withstand the heat. Soon after Murugan was born on a lotus in the Saravana Lake with six faces, giving him the name Arumukhan. Lord Shiva and Parvati visited and tears of joy started flowing as they witnessed the most handsome child. Shiva and Parvathi gave the responsibility of taking care of Muruga to the six Krittika sisters. Muruga grew up to be a handsome, intelligent, powerful, clever youth. All the Devas applauded at their saviour, who had finally come to release them from their woes. Murugan became the supreme general of the demi-gods, then escorted the devas and led the army of the devas to victory against the asuras.
Legends[edit]
Given that legends related to Murugan are recounted separately in several Hindu epics, some differences between the various versions are observed. Some Sanskrit epics and puranas indicate that he was the elder son of Shiva. This is suggested by the legend connected to his birth; the wedding of Shiva and Parvati being necessary for the birth of a child who would vanquish the asura named Taraka. Also, Kartikeya is seen helping Shiva fight the newborn Ganesha, Shiva's other son, in the Shiva Purana. In the Ganapati Khandam of the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, he is seen as the elder son of Shiva and Ganesha as the younger. In South India, it is believed that he is the younger of the two. A Puranic story has Ganesha obtain a divine fruit of knowledge from Narada winning a contest with Murugan. While Murugan speeds around the world thrice to win the contest for the fruit, Ganesha circumambulates Shiva and Parvati thrice as an equivalent and is given the fruit. After winning it, he offers to give the fruit to his upset brother. After this event, Ganesha was considered the elder brother owing as a tribute to his wisdom. Many of the major events in Murugan's life take place during his youth, and legends surrounding his birth are popular. This has encouraged the worship of Murugan as a child-God, very similar to the worship of the child Krishna in north India. He is married to two wives, Valli and Devasena. This lead to a very interesting name : Devasenapati viz. Pati (husband) of Devsena and/or Senapati (commander in chief) of Dev (gods)
Kartikeya symbols are based on the weapons – Vel, the Divine Spear or Lance that he carries and his mount the peacock. He is sometimes depicted with many weapons including: a sword, a javelin, a mace, a discus and a bow although more usually he is depicted wielding a sakti or spear. This symbolizes his purification of human ills. His javelin is used to symbolize his far reaching protection, his discus symbolizes his knowledge of the truth, his mace represents his strength and his bow shows his ability to defeat all ills. His peacock mount symbolizes his destruction of the ego.
His six heads represent the six siddhis bestowed upon yogis over the course of their spiritual development. This corresponds to his role as the bestower of siddhis.
In Tamil Nadu, Murugan has continued to be popular with all classes of society right since the Sangam age. This has led to more elaborate accounts of his mythology in the Tamil language, culminating in the Tamil version of Skanda Purana, called Kandha Purānam, written by Kacchiappa Sivachariyar (1350–1420 AD.) of Kumara Kottam in the city of Kanchipuram. (He was a scholar in Tamil literature, and a votary of the Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy.)
He is married to two deities, Valli, a daughter of a tribal chief and Deivayanai (also called Devasena), the daughter of Indhra. During His bachelorhood, Lord Murugan is also regarded as Kumaraswami (or Bachelor God), Kumara meaning a bachelor and Swami meaning God. Muruga rides a peacock and wields a bow in battle. The lance called Vel in Tamil is a weapon closely associated with him. The Vel was given to him by his mother, Parvati, and embodies her energy and power. His army's standard depicts a rooster. In the war, Surapadman was split into two, and each half was granted a boon by Murugan. The halves, thus turned into the peacock (his mount) and the rooster his flag, which also "refers to the sun".[12]
As Muruga is worshipped predominantly in Tamil Nadu, many of his names are of Tamil origin. These include Senthil, the red or formidable one; Arumugam, the six-faced one; Guhan and Maal-Marugan, the son-in-law of Vishnu. Murugan is venerated throughout the Tamil year. There is a six-day period of fast and prayer in the Tamil month of Aippasi known as the Skanda Shasti. He is worshipped at Thaipusam, celebrated by Tamil communities worldwide near the full moon of the Tamil month Thai. This commemorates the day he was given a Vel or lance by his mother in order to vanquish the asuras. Thirukarthigai or the full moon of the Tamil month of Karthigai signifies his birth. Each Tuesday of the Tamil month of Adi is also dedicated to the worship of Murugan. Tuesday in the Hindu tradition connotes Mangala, the god of planet Mars and war.
Other parts of India[edit]
Historically, God Kartikeya was immensely popular in the Indian subcontinent. One of the major Puranas, the Skanda Purana is dedicated to him. In the Bhagavad-Gita (Ch.10, Verse 24), Krishna, while explaining his omnipresence, names the most perfect being, mortal or divine, in each of several categories. While doing so, he says: "Among generals, I am Skanda, the lord of war."
Kartikeya's presence in the religious and cultural sphere can be seen at least from the Gupta age. Two of the Gupta kings, Kumaragupta and Skandagupta, were named after him. He is seen in the Gupta sculptures and in the temples of Ellora and Elephanta. As the commander of the divine armies, he became the patron of the ruling classes. His youth, beauty and bravery was much celebrated in Sanskrit works like the Kathasaritsagara. Kalidasa made the birth of Kumara the subject of a lyrical epic, the Kumaarasambhavam. In ancient India, Kartikeya was also regarded as the patron deity of thieves, as may be inferred from the Mrichchakatikam, a Sanskrit play by Shudraka, and in the Vetala-panchvimshati, a medieval collection of tales. This association is linked to the fact that Kartikeya had dug through the Krauncha mountain to kill Taraka and his brothers (in the Mrichchakatikam, Sarivilaka prays to him before tunnelling into the hero's house).
However, Kartikeya's popularity in North India receded from the Middle Ages onwards, and his worship is today virtually unknown except in parts of Haryana. There is a very famous temple dedicated to Him in the town of Pehowa in Haryana and this temple is very well known in the adjoining areas, especially because women are not allowed anywhere close to it. Women stay away from this temple in Pehowa town of Haryana because this shrine celebrates the Brahmachari form of Kartikeya. Reminders of former devotions to him include a temple at Achaleshwar, near Batala in Punjab, and another temple of Skanda atop the Parvati hill in Pune, Maharashtra. Another vestige of his former popularity can be seen in Bengal and Odisha, where he is worshipped during the Durga Puja festivities alongside Durga. Lord Subramanya is the major deity among the Hindus of northern Kerala. Lord Subramanya is worshipped with utmost devotion in districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the state of Karnataka. Rituals like nagaradhane are unique to this region.
Kartikeya also known as Kartik or Kartika is also worshipped in West Bengal, and Bangladesh on the last day of the Hindu month of 'Kartik'. However, the popularity of Kartik Puja (worshipping Kartik) is decreasing now, and Lord Kartik is primarily worshipped among those who intend to have a son. In Bengal, traditionally, many people drop images of Kartik inside the boundaries of different households, who all are either newly married, or else, intend to get a son to carry on with their ancestry. Lord Kartik is also associated to the Babu Culture prevailed in historic Kolkata, and hence, many traditional old Bengali paintings still show Kartik dressed in traditional Bengali style. Also, in some parts of West Bengal, Kartik is traditionally worshipped by the ancestors of the past royal families too, as in the district of Malda. Kartik Puja is also popular among the prostitutes. This can probably be linked to the fact that, the prostitutes mostly got clients from the upper class babu-s in old Kolkata, who all, in turn, had been associated to the image of Kartik (as discussed above). In Bansberia (Hooghly district) Kartik Puja festival is celebrated like Durga puja of Kolkata, Jagadhatri puja in Chandannagar for consecutive four days. The festival starts on 17 November every year and on 16 November in case of Leap year.[13] Some of the must see Puja committees are Bansberia Kundugoli Nataraj, Khamarapara Milan Samity RadhaKrishna, Kishor Bahini, Mitali Sangha, Yuva Sangha, Bansberia Pratap Sangha and many more.
In Durga Puja in Bengal, Kartikeya is considered to be a son of Parvati or Durga and Shiva along with his brother Ganesha and sisters Lakshmi and Saraswati.[14]
Kartikeya is worshiped during Durga Puja in Odisha as well as in various Shiva temples throughout the year. Kartik puja is celebrated in Cuttack along with various other parts of the state during the last phases of Hindu month of Kartik. Kartik purnima is celebrated with much joy and in a grand fashion in Cuttack and other parts in the state.
Murugan is adored by both Tamil Hindus and Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka. Numerous temples exist throughout the island. He is a favorite deity of the common folk everywhere and it is said he never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon. In the deeply Sinhalese south of Sri Lanka, Murugan is worshipped at the temple in Katirkāmam, where he is known as Kathiravel or Katragama Deviyo (Lord of Katragama) . This temple is next to an old Buddhist place of worship. Local legend holds that Lord Murugan alighted in Kataragama and was smitten by Valli, one of the local aboriginal lasses. After a courtship, they were married. This event is taken to signify that Lord Murugan is accessible to all who worship and love him, regardless of their birth or heritage. The Nallur Kandaswamy temple, the Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple and the Sella Channithy Temple near Valvettiturai are the three foremost Murugan temples in Jaffna. The Chitravelayutha temple in Verukal on the border between Trincomalee and Batticaloa is also noteworthy as is the Mandur Kandaswamy temple in Batticaloa. The late medieval-era temple of the tooth in Kandy, dedicated to the tooth relic of the Buddha, has a Kataragama deiyo shrine adjacent to it dedicated to the veneration of Skanda in the Sinhalese tradition. Almost all buddhist temples house a shrine room for Kataragama deviyo(Murugan)reflecting the significance of Murugan in Sinhala Buddhism,
Based on archeological evidence found, it is believed that the Kiri Vehera was either renovated to build during the 1st century BCE. There are number of others inscriptions and ruins.[15]
By the 16th century the Kathiravel shrine at Katirkāmam had become synonymous with Skanda-Kumara who was a guardian deity of Sinhala Buddhism.[16] The town was popular as a place of pilgrimage for Hindus from India and Sri Lanka by the 15 the century. The popularity of the deity at the Kataragama temple was also recorded by the Pali chronicles of Thailand such as Jinkalmali in the 16th century. There are number of legends both Buddhist and Hindu that attribute supernatural events to the very locality.[16] Scholars such as Paul Younger and Heinz Bechert speculate that rituals practiced by the native priests of Kataragama temple betray Vedda ideals of propitiation. Hence they believe the area was of Vedda veneration that was taken over by the Buddhist and Hindus in the medieval period.[17]
Lord Murugan is one of the most important deities worshipped by Tamil people in Malaysia and other South-East Asian countries such as Singapore and Indonesia. Thai Poosam is one of the important festivals celebrated. Sri Subramanyar Temple at Batu Caves temple complex in Malaysia is dedicated to Lord Murugan.
The main temples of Murugan are located in Tamil Nadu and other parts of south India. They include the Aru Padaiveedu (six abodes) — Thiruchendur, Swamimalai, Pazhamudircholai, Thirupparangunram, Palani (Pazhani), Thiruthani and other important shrines like Mayilam, Sikkal, Marudamalai, Kundrathur, Vadapalani, Kandakottam, Thiruporur, Vallakottai, Vayalur, Thirumalaikoil, Pachaimalai and Pavalamalai near Gobichettipalayam. Malai Mandir, a prominent and popular temple complex in Delhi, is one of the few dedicated to Murugan in all of North India apart from the Pehowa temple in Haryana.
There are many temples dedicated to Lord Subramanya in Kerala. Amongst them are Atiyambur Sri Subramanya Temple in Kanhangad Kasaragod, Payyannur Subramanya Swamy temple in Payyanur, Panmana Subramanya Swamy temple in Panmana and the Subramanya temple in Haripad. There is a temple in Skandagiri, Secunderabad and one in Bikkavolu, East Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. In Karnataka there is the Kukke Subramanya Temple where Lord Murugan is worshiped as the Lord of the serpents. Aaslesha Bali, Sarpa Samskara with nagapathista samarpa are major prayers here. There is a temple called Malai Mandir in South Delhi. Malai means hill in Tamil. Mandir means temple in Hindi.
The key temples in Sri Lanka include the sylvan shrine in Kataragama / (Kadirgamam) or Kathirkamam in the deep south, the temple in Tirukovil in the east, the shrine in Embekke in the Kandyan region and the famed Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna. There are several temples dedicated to Lord Murugan in Malaysia, the most famous being the Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur. There is a 42.7-m-high statue of Lord Murugan at the entrance to the Batu Caves, which is the largest Lord Murugan statue in the world. Sri Thandayuthapani Temple in Tank Road, Singapore is a major Hindu temple where each year the Thaipusam festival takes place with devotees of Lord Muruga carrying Kavadis seeking penance and blessings of the Lord.
In the United Kingdom, Highgate Hill Murugan temple is one of the oldest and most famous. In London, Sri Murugan Temple in Manor park is a well-known temple. In Midlands, Leicester Shri Siva Murugan Temple is gaining popularity recently. Skanda Vale in West Wales was founded by Guruji, a Tamil devotee of Subramaniam, and its primary deity is Lord Murugan. In Australia, Sydney Murugan temple in Parramatta (Mays Hill), Perth Bala Muruguan temple in Mandogalup and Kundrathu Kumaran temple in Rockbank, Melbourne are major Hindu temples for all Australian Hindus and Murugan devotees. In New Zealand, there is a Thirumurugan Temple in Auckland and a Kurinji Kumaran Temple in Wellington, both dedicated to Lord Murugan. In the USA, Shiva Murugan Temple in Concord, Northern California and Murugan Temple of North America[18] in Maryland, Washington DC region are popular. In Toronto, Canada, Canada Kanthasamy Temple is known amongst many Hindus in Canada. In Dollard-des-Ormeaux, a suburb of the city of Montreal in Canada, there is a monumental temple of Murugan. The Sri Sivasubramaniar Temple, located in the Sihl Valley in Adliswil, is the most famous and largest Hindu temple in Switzerland.[19]
The Haiden (拝殿) and Honden (本殿) of Akō-Ōishi Shrine (大石神社) famous for the story of the 47 Ronin. Akō-Ōishi Shrine is dedicated to the Akō gishi (赤穂義士) or the virtuous men of loyal samurai, lords and generals of the Asano (淺野氏) and Mōri clan (毛利氏).
At the start of the Vice Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
A full report on the ride will be available at The Prudent Cyclist.
And if you didn't catch the Virtuous Tweed Ride, there's a little on that ride as well.
The text reads:
"Gate two. The name of the doorkeeper is 'Opener of the forehead'; the name of the guardian is 'Virtuous of countenance' and the name of the herald is 'The burner.'"
Nefertari says:
"Do not be weary when the [dead?] present the mundane secrets in their years in truth. It is the Osiris, the king's great wife, mistress of the two lands, Nefertari, beloved of Mut, justified before Osiris, who removes the difficulty in a moment, who prepares his way with a flame against the offenders of the Osiris, the king's great wife, mistress of the two lands, Nefertari, beloved of Mut, justified.
"I have prepared the way, may you let me pass. May I always see that Re' surrounds them who are those who prepare offerings for the Osiris, the king's great wife, mistress of the two lands, Nefertari, beloved of Mut, justified. I have prepared the way, may you let me pass. May I always see that Re' surrounds them."
Nefertari was the Great Royal Wife of King Ramses II. Her tomb is called the "Sistine Chapel of Ancient Egypt," and contains some of the most vibrant paintings in the entire country.
The paintings are on plaster, and are extremely delicate. At least 20 percent of them are gone forever. The tomb was completely closed to the public in 1950, as humidity from the breath and sweat of visitors threatened what remained.
The Getty Institute undertook a large preservation and restoration of the tomb, from 1988-1992. It now has its own air filtration system, but the number of visitors is still highly restrictive and requires a rather expensive ticket.
Kartikeya, also known as Skanda, Murugan and Subramaniyan, is the Hindu god of war. He is the commander-in-chief of the army of the devas (gods) and the son of Shiva and Parvati.
Murugan is often referred to as "Tamil Kadavul" (meaning "God of Tamils") and is worshiped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially South India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and Katirkāmam Temple situated deep south.[1] Hindus in Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan at the Batu Caves and various temples where Thaipusam is celebrated with grandeur.
In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Kartikeya is known as Subrahmanya with a temple at Kukke Subramanya known for Sarpa shanti rites dedicated to Him and another famous temple at Ghati Subramanya also in Karnataka. In Bengal and Odisha, he is popularly known as Kartikeya (meaning 'son of Krittika').[2]
Other names[edit]
Like most Hindu deities, Subrahmanya is known by many other names, including Senthil, Vēlaṇ, Kumāran (meaning 'prince or child or young one'), Swaminatha (meaning 'smart' or 'clever'), Saravaṇa, Arumugam or Shanmuga (meaning 'one with six faces'), Dhandapani (meaning God with a Club), Guhan or Guruguha (meaning 'cave-dweller'), Subrahmanya, Kartikeya and Skanda (meaning 'that which is spilled or oozed).[3][4] He was also known as Mahasena and the Kadamba Dynasty kings worshiped him by this name.[5]
Vedas[edit]
The Atharva Veda describes Kumaran as 'Agnibhuh' because he is form of 'Agni' (Fire God) & Agni hold in his hand when kumaran born. The Satapatha Brahmana refers to him as the son of Rudra and the six faces of Rudra. The Taittiriya Aranyaka contains the Gayatri mantra for Shanmukha. The Chandogya Upanishad refers to Skanda as the "way that leads to wisdom". The Baudhayana Dharmasutra mentions Skanda as 'Mahasena' and 'Subrahmanya.' The Aranya Parva canto of the Mahabharata relates the legend of Kartikeya Skanda in considerable detail. The Skanda Purana is devoted to the narrative of Kartikeya.[6] The Upanishads also constantly make a reference to a Supreme Being called Guha, the indweller.
The first elaborate account of Kartikeya's origin occurs in the Mahabharata. In a complicated story, he is said to have been born from Agni and Svaha, after the latter impersonated the six of the seven wives of the Saptarishi (Seven Sages). The actual wives then become the Pleiades. Kartikeya is said to have been born to destroy the Asura Mahisha.[7] (In later mythology, Mahisha became the adversary of Durga.) Indra attacks Kartikeya as he sees the latter as a threat, until Shiva intervenes and makes Kartikeya the commander-in-chief of the army of the Devas. He is also married to Devasena, Indra's daughter. The origin of this marriage lies probably in the punning of 'Deva-sena-pati'. It can mean either lord of Devasena or Lord of the army (sena) of Devas. But according to Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, in his master work on Shiva[8] and other works, Kartikeya was married to Devasenā and that is on the ground of his name as Devasena's husband, Devasenāpati, misinterpreted as Deva-senāpati (Deva's general) that he was granted the title general and made the Deva's army general.[9]
The Ramayana version is closer to the stories told in the Puranas discussed below.
Tolkappiyam, possibly the most ancient of the extant Sangam works, dated between the 3rd century BCE and 5th century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils."[10] The Sangam poetry divided space and Tamil land into five allegorical areas (tinai) and according to the Tirumurugarruppatai ( c. 400–450 AD) attributed to the great Sangam poet Nakkiirar, Murugan was the presiding deity the Kurinci region (hilly area). (Tirumurugaruppatai is a deeply devotional poem included in the ten idylls (Pattupattu) of the age of the third Sangam). The other Sangam era works in Tamil that refer to Murugan in detail include the Paripaatal, the Akananuru and the Purananuru. One poem in the Paripaatal describes the veneration of Murugan thus:
"We implore thee not for boons of enjoyment or wealth,
But for thy grace beatific, love and virtuous deeds."
According to the Tamil devotional work, Thiruppugazh, "Murugan never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon in piety or distress". In another work, Thirumurukkarrupatai, he is described as a god of eternal youth;
His face shines a myriad rays light and removes the darkness from this world.[11]
The references to Murugan can be traced back to the first millennium BCE. There are references to Murugan in Kautilya's Arthashastra, in the works of Patanjali, in Kalidasa's epic poem the Kumarasambhavam. The Kushanas, who governed from what is today Peshawar, and the Yaudheyas, a republican clan in the Punjab, struck coins bearing the image of Skanda. The deity was venerated also by the Ikshvakus, an Andhra dynasty, and the Guptas.[6] The worship of Kumāra was one of the six principal sects of Hinduism at the time of Adi Shankara. The Shanmata system propagated by him included this sect. In many Shiva and Devi temples of Tamil Nadu, Murugan is installed on the left of the main deity. The story of His birth goes as follows:
Sati immolated herself in a pyre as her father King Daksha had insulted Shiva, her Lord. She was reborn as Parvathi or Uma, daughter of the King of Himalayas, Himavan. She then married her Lord Shiva. The Devas were under onslaught from the Asuras whose leader was Soorapadman. He had been granted boons that only Lord Shiva or his seed could kill him. Fearless he vanquished the Devas and made them his slaves. The Devas ran to Vishnu for help who told them that it was merely their fault for attending Daksha's yagna, without the presence of Lord Shiva. After this, they ran to Shiva for help. Shiva decided to take action against Soorapadman's increasing conceit. He frowned and his third eye- the eye of knowledge- started releasing sparks. These were six sparks in total. Agni had the responsibility to take them to Saravana Lake. As he was carrying them, the sparks were growing hotter and hotter that even the Lord of Fire could not withstand the heat. Soon after Murugan was born on a lotus in the Saravana Lake with six faces, giving him the name Arumukhan. Lord Shiva and Parvati visited and tears of joy started flowing as they witnessed the most handsome child. Shiva and Parvathi gave the responsibility of taking care of Muruga to the six Krittika sisters. Muruga grew up to be a handsome, intelligent, powerful, clever youth. All the Devas applauded at their saviour, who had finally come to release them from their woes. Murugan became the supreme general of the demi-gods, then escorted the devas and led the army of the devas to victory against the asuras.
Legends[edit]
Given that legends related to Murugan are recounted separately in several Hindu epics, some differences between the various versions are observed. Some Sanskrit epics and puranas indicate that he was the elder son of Shiva. This is suggested by the legend connected to his birth; the wedding of Shiva and Parvati being necessary for the birth of a child who would vanquish the asura named Taraka. Also, Kartikeya is seen helping Shiva fight the newborn Ganesha, Shiva's other son, in the Shiva Purana. In the Ganapati Khandam of the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, he is seen as the elder son of Shiva and Ganesha as the younger. In South India, it is believed that he is the younger of the two. A Puranic story has Ganesha obtain a divine fruit of knowledge from Narada winning a contest with Murugan. While Murugan speeds around the world thrice to win the contest for the fruit, Ganesha circumambulates Shiva and Parvati thrice as an equivalent and is given the fruit. After winning it, he offers to give the fruit to his upset brother. After this event, Ganesha was considered the elder brother owing as a tribute to his wisdom. Many of the major events in Murugan's life take place during his youth, and legends surrounding his birth are popular. This has encouraged the worship of Murugan as a child-God, very similar to the worship of the child Krishna in north India. He is married to two wives, Valli and Devasena. This lead to a very interesting name : Devasenapati viz. Pati (husband) of Devsena and/or Senapati (commander in chief) of Dev (gods)
Kartikeya symbols are based on the weapons – Vel, the Divine Spear or Lance that he carries and his mount the peacock. He is sometimes depicted with many weapons including: a sword, a javelin, a mace, a discus and a bow although more usually he is depicted wielding a sakti or spear. This symbolizes his purification of human ills. His javelin is used to symbolize his far reaching protection, his discus symbolizes his knowledge of the truth, his mace represents his strength and his bow shows his ability to defeat all ills. His peacock mount symbolizes his destruction of the ego.
His six heads represent the six siddhis bestowed upon yogis over the course of their spiritual development. This corresponds to his role as the bestower of siddhis.
In Tamil Nadu, Murugan has continued to be popular with all classes of society right since the Sangam age. This has led to more elaborate accounts of his mythology in the Tamil language, culminating in the Tamil version of Skanda Purana, called Kandha Purānam, written by Kacchiappa Sivachariyar (1350–1420 AD.) of Kumara Kottam in the city of Kanchipuram. (He was a scholar in Tamil literature, and a votary of the Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy.)
He is married to two deities, Valli, a daughter of a tribal chief and Deivayanai (also called Devasena), the daughter of Indhra. During His bachelorhood, Lord Murugan is also regarded as Kumaraswami (or Bachelor God), Kumara meaning a bachelor and Swami meaning God. Muruga rides a peacock and wields a bow in battle. The lance called Vel in Tamil is a weapon closely associated with him. The Vel was given to him by his mother, Parvati, and embodies her energy and power. His army's standard depicts a rooster. In the war, Surapadman was split into two, and each half was granted a boon by Murugan. The halves, thus turned into the peacock (his mount) and the rooster his flag, which also "refers to the sun".[12]
As Muruga is worshipped predominantly in Tamil Nadu, many of his names are of Tamil origin. These include Senthil, the red or formidable one; Arumugam, the six-faced one; Guhan and Maal-Marugan, the son-in-law of Vishnu. Murugan is venerated throughout the Tamil year. There is a six-day period of fast and prayer in the Tamil month of Aippasi known as the Skanda Shasti. He is worshipped at Thaipusam, celebrated by Tamil communities worldwide near the full moon of the Tamil month Thai. This commemorates the day he was given a Vel or lance by his mother in order to vanquish the asuras. Thirukarthigai or the full moon of the Tamil month of Karthigai signifies his birth. Each Tuesday of the Tamil month of Adi is also dedicated to the worship of Murugan. Tuesday in the Hindu tradition connotes Mangala, the god of planet Mars and war.
Other parts of India[edit]
Historically, God Kartikeya was immensely popular in the Indian subcontinent. One of the major Puranas, the Skanda Purana is dedicated to him. In the Bhagavad-Gita (Ch.10, Verse 24), Krishna, while explaining his omnipresence, names the most perfect being, mortal or divine, in each of several categories. While doing so, he says: "Among generals, I am Skanda, the lord of war."
Kartikeya's presence in the religious and cultural sphere can be seen at least from the Gupta age. Two of the Gupta kings, Kumaragupta and Skandagupta, were named after him. He is seen in the Gupta sculptures and in the temples of Ellora and Elephanta. As the commander of the divine armies, he became the patron of the ruling classes. His youth, beauty and bravery was much celebrated in Sanskrit works like the Kathasaritsagara. Kalidasa made the birth of Kumara the subject of a lyrical epic, the Kumaarasambhavam. In ancient India, Kartikeya was also regarded as the patron deity of thieves, as may be inferred from the Mrichchakatikam, a Sanskrit play by Shudraka, and in the Vetala-panchvimshati, a medieval collection of tales. This association is linked to the fact that Kartikeya had dug through the Krauncha mountain to kill Taraka and his brothers (in the Mrichchakatikam, Sarivilaka prays to him before tunnelling into the hero's house).
However, Kartikeya's popularity in North India receded from the Middle Ages onwards, and his worship is today virtually unknown except in parts of Haryana. There is a very famous temple dedicated to Him in the town of Pehowa in Haryana and this temple is very well known in the adjoining areas, especially because women are not allowed anywhere close to it. Women stay away from this temple in Pehowa town of Haryana because this shrine celebrates the Brahmachari form of Kartikeya. Reminders of former devotions to him include a temple at Achaleshwar, near Batala in Punjab, and another temple of Skanda atop the Parvati hill in Pune, Maharashtra. Another vestige of his former popularity can be seen in Bengal and Odisha, where he is worshipped during the Durga Puja festivities alongside Durga. Lord Subramanya is the major deity among the Hindus of northern Kerala. Lord Subramanya is worshipped with utmost devotion in districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the state of Karnataka. Rituals like nagaradhane are unique to this region.
Kartikeya also known as Kartik or Kartika is also worshipped in West Bengal, and Bangladesh on the last day of the Hindu month of 'Kartik'. However, the popularity of Kartik Puja (worshipping Kartik) is decreasing now, and Lord Kartik is primarily worshipped among those who intend to have a son. In Bengal, traditionally, many people drop images of Kartik inside the boundaries of different households, who all are either newly married, or else, intend to get a son to carry on with their ancestry. Lord Kartik is also associated to the Babu Culture prevailed in historic Kolkata, and hence, many traditional old Bengali paintings still show Kartik dressed in traditional Bengali style. Also, in some parts of West Bengal, Kartik is traditionally worshipped by the ancestors of the past royal families too, as in the district of Malda. Kartik Puja is also popular among the prostitutes. This can probably be linked to the fact that, the prostitutes mostly got clients from the upper class babu-s in old Kolkata, who all, in turn, had been associated to the image of Kartik (as discussed above). In Bansberia (Hooghly district) Kartik Puja festival is celebrated like Durga puja of Kolkata, Jagadhatri puja in Chandannagar for consecutive four days. The festival starts on 17 November every year and on 16 November in case of Leap year.[13] Some of the must see Puja committees are Bansberia Kundugoli Nataraj, Khamarapara Milan Samity RadhaKrishna, Kishor Bahini, Mitali Sangha, Yuva Sangha, Bansberia Pratap Sangha and many more.
In Durga Puja in Bengal, Kartikeya is considered to be a son of Parvati or Durga and Shiva along with his brother Ganesha and sisters Lakshmi and Saraswati.[14]
Kartikeya is worshiped during Durga Puja in Odisha as well as in various Shiva temples throughout the year. Kartik puja is celebrated in Cuttack along with various other parts of the state during the last phases of Hindu month of Kartik. Kartik purnima is celebrated with much joy and in a grand fashion in Cuttack and other parts in the state.
Murugan is adored by both Tamil Hindus and Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka. Numerous temples exist throughout the island. He is a favorite deity of the common folk everywhere and it is said he never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon. In the deeply Sinhalese south of Sri Lanka, Murugan is worshipped at the temple in Katirkāmam, where he is known as Kathiravel or Katragama Deviyo (Lord of Katragama) . This temple is next to an old Buddhist place of worship. Local legend holds that Lord Murugan alighted in Kataragama and was smitten by Valli, one of the local aboriginal lasses. After a courtship, they were married. This event is taken to signify that Lord Murugan is accessible to all who worship and love him, regardless of their birth or heritage. The Nallur Kandaswamy temple, the Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple and the Sella Channithy Temple near Valvettiturai are the three foremost Murugan temples in Jaffna. The Chitravelayutha temple in Verukal on the border between Trincomalee and Batticaloa is also noteworthy as is the Mandur Kandaswamy temple in Batticaloa. The late medieval-era temple of the tooth in Kandy, dedicated to the tooth relic of the Buddha, has a Kataragama deiyo shrine adjacent to it dedicated to the veneration of Skanda in the Sinhalese tradition. Almost all buddhist temples house a shrine room for Kataragama deviyo(Murugan)reflecting the significance of Murugan in Sinhala Buddhism,
Based on archeological evidence found, it is believed that the Kiri Vehera was either renovated to build during the 1st century BCE. There are number of others inscriptions and ruins.[15]
By the 16th century the Kathiravel shrine at Katirkāmam had become synonymous with Skanda-Kumara who was a guardian deity of Sinhala Buddhism.[16] The town was popular as a place of pilgrimage for Hindus from India and Sri Lanka by the 15 the century. The popularity of the deity at the Kataragama temple was also recorded by the Pali chronicles of Thailand such as Jinkalmali in the 16th century. There are number of legends both Buddhist and Hindu that attribute supernatural events to the very locality.[16] Scholars such as Paul Younger and Heinz Bechert speculate that rituals practiced by the native priests of Kataragama temple betray Vedda ideals of propitiation. Hence they believe the area was of Vedda veneration that was taken over by the Buddhist and Hindus in the medieval period.[17]
Lord Murugan is one of the most important deities worshipped by Tamil people in Malaysia and other South-East Asian countries such as Singapore and Indonesia. Thai Poosam is one of the important festivals celebrated. Sri Subramanyar Temple at Batu Caves temple complex in Malaysia is dedicated to Lord Murugan.
The main temples of Murugan are located in Tamil Nadu and other parts of south India. They include the Aru Padaiveedu (six abodes) — Thiruchendur, Swamimalai, Pazhamudircholai, Thirupparangunram, Palani (Pazhani), Thiruthani and other important shrines like Mayilam, Sikkal, Marudamalai, Kundrathur, Vadapalani, Kandakottam, Thiruporur, Vallakottai, Vayalur, Thirumalaikoil, Pachaimalai and Pavalamalai near Gobichettipalayam. Malai Mandir, a prominent and popular temple complex in Delhi, is one of the few dedicated to Murugan in all of North India apart from the Pehowa temple in Haryana.
There are many temples dedicated to Lord Subramanya in Kerala. Amongst them are Atiyambur Sri Subramanya Temple in Kanhangad Kasaragod, Payyannur Subramanya Swamy temple in Payyanur, Panmana Subramanya Swamy temple in Panmana and the Subramanya temple in Haripad. There is a temple in Skandagiri, Secunderabad and one in Bikkavolu, East Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. In Karnataka there is the Kukke Subramanya Temple where Lord Murugan is worshiped as the Lord of the serpents. Aaslesha Bali, Sarpa Samskara with nagapathista samarpa are major prayers here. There is a temple called Malai Mandir in South Delhi. Malai means hill in Tamil. Mandir means temple in Hindi.
The key temples in Sri Lanka include the sylvan shrine in Kataragama / (Kadirgamam) or Kathirkamam in the deep south, the temple in Tirukovil in the east, the shrine in Embekke in the Kandyan region and the famed Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna. There are several temples dedicated to Lord Murugan in Malaysia, the most famous being the Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur. There is a 42.7-m-high statue of Lord Murugan at the entrance to the Batu Caves, which is the largest Lord Murugan statue in the world. Sri Thandayuthapani Temple in Tank Road, Singapore is a major Hindu temple where each year the Thaipusam festival takes place with devotees of Lord Muruga carrying Kavadis seeking penance and blessings of the Lord.
In the United Kingdom, Highgate Hill Murugan temple is one of the oldest and most famous. In London, Sri Murugan Temple in Manor park is a well-known temple. In Midlands, Leicester Shri Siva Murugan Temple is gaining popularity recently. Skanda Vale in West Wales was founded by Guruji, a Tamil devotee of Subramaniam, and its primary deity is Lord Murugan. In Australia, Sydney Murugan temple in Parramatta (Mays Hill), Perth Bala Muruguan temple in Mandogalup and Kundrathu Kumaran temple in Rockbank, Melbourne are major Hindu temples for all Australian Hindus and Murugan devotees. In New Zealand, there is a Thirumurugan Temple in Auckland and a Kurinji Kumaran Temple in Wellington, both dedicated to Lord Murugan. In the USA, Shiva Murugan Temple in Concord, Northern California and Murugan Temple of North America[18] in Maryland, Washington DC region are popular. In Toronto, Canada, Canada Kanthasamy Temple is known amongst many Hindus in Canada. In Dollard-des-Ormeaux, a suburb of the city of Montreal in Canada, there is a monumental temple of Murugan. The Sri Sivasubramaniar Temple, located in the Sihl Valley in Adliswil, is the most famous and largest Hindu temple in Switzerland.[19]
Turkmenistan, Merv, view of people praying by archway outside ancient mosque
Along the route of the Virtue Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
The Prudent Cyclist has more on the ride.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
Along the route of the Virtue Tweed Ride in Portland, OR.
The Prudent Cyclist has more on the ride.
There's also an account of the later Vice Tweed Ride available on the same site if you're curious.
"Here lies buried ye body of
Mrs.Mary Leggatt, the
Virtuous & Amiable Consort of Capt. Thomas Leggatt
Daugher of the Honourable Charles Morris Esq. of Halifax
Who departed this life February ye 26th AD1766
Aged 23 years 10 mos. & 18 days
Likewise Elizabeth Dorothy Evered Leggatt
Daughter of Capt. Thomas & Mrs. Mary Leggatt
Who died August 4th AD1766
aged 7 months"
Red Rice, Green Gram Curry sprinkled with Gingelly oil, Snow Beans and Feather Beans stir fry, Sweet Pumpkin Curry, Mixed Vegetable Sambar, Pappadam and Garlic pickles are traditionally served on a Banana leaf according to the Hindu tradition.
அறம் செய விரும்பு ~ Enjoy giving alms
ஆறுவது சினம் ~ Controllable thing is anger
இயல்வது கரவேல் ~ Never stop learning
ஈவது விலக்கேல் ~ Don't prevent charity (Always be charitable)
உடையது விளம்பேல் ~ Avoid injurious words
ஊக்கமது கைவிடேல் ~ Don't give up persevering
எண் எழுத்து இகழேல் ~ Don't despise learning
ஏற்பது இகழ்ச்சி ~ Accepting alms is despicable
ஐயமிட்டுண் ~ Eat after donating (to the needy)
ஒப்புர வொழுகு ~ Act virtuously
ஓதுவது ஒழியேல் ~ Don't give up reading (scriptures)
ஒளவியம் பேசேல் ~ Don't carry tales
~~ஔவையார், ஆத்திசூடி~~
~~("Aaththisoody" by Avvaiyar~ Lady Legend/Poetess during Sangam Period)~~
At a party for Bright Young Things, a "treasure hunt" for attractive yet virtuous people nets Sir Christopher Strong, M.P. (Colin Clive), and Lady Cynthia Darrington (Hepburn), dashing aviator. Their acquaintance is innocent at first; but after he sees her in a spectacular silver moth costume, virtue begins to wane. Against their wills, they are drawn into an affair whose consequences threaten Strong's happy marriage and both their careers. Pregnant she ends the affair in a spectacular fashion.
This was Katharine's first leading role.