Greyfriars Chapel, Canterbury.

 

Eastgate Hospital was open as part of Heritage Weekend, so I did a return visit, and the volunteers on duty suggested a further visit to the Franciscan Gardens and Greyfriars.

 

Which I took up, and glad I did, as I never knew the gardens existed, though had seen Greyfriars from a riverside footpath a few times.

 

Greyfriars is built over a narrow branch of the Stour, and is still in use to this day.

 

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Greyfriars in Canterbury was the first Franciscan friary in England. The first Franciscans arrived in the country in 1224 (during the lifetime of the Order's founder St Francis of Assisi) and the friary was set up soon afterwards. The Order of Friars Minor or ‘Greyfriars’[1] were so named because their habit was of grey cloth with the traditional belt of rope with three knots symbolising their vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Vowed to poverty, the Order made a point of living in the meanest of buildings. However, by 1250, they recognised the practical need for land and buildings to sustain themselves. Beginning in 1267, the Canterbury house was rebuilt in stone, supported by the donation of land by Alderman John Digge, a former Bailiff of Canterbury. From here, the friary was erected, with the great Church within the friary consecrated by Archbishop Walter Reynolds in 1325.[2]

 

In 1498 the Canterbury house was formally confirmed as a Province of the newly-established Observant Franciscans, a reformed, more rigorous branch of the order introduced to England in the previous decade. This building fell under the patronage of King Henry VII of England.

 

Under his son, Henry VIII, however, the brothers of Greyfriars suffered because of their unwillingness to accept the Royal Supremacy over the newly established Church of England. In 1534, several brothers of the Greyfriars Friary were imprisoned, and two (plus the Warden of the Observant Friary of Canterbury, Richard Risby) were executed for refusing the terms of the Act of Supremacy and lending support to the anti-Reformation mystic Elizabeth Barton. The ‘Holy Maid of Kent’ was a visionary nun that had denounced Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon and his remarriage to Anne Boleyn. In December 1538, the Bishop of Dover, Richard Yngworth (or Ingworth), received in the King’s name the surrender of all the Canterbury friaries with their lands and property. The remaining friars, having promised ‘not to follow hensforth the supersticious tradicions of ony foryncicall potentate or peere’, were given five shillings apiece and dispersed.

 

Excavations seeking to detect the precise location of the friary buildings, and determine the layout of the Franciscan buildings, have continued through the twentieth century, and are of great historical interest today.[3]

 

Elements still visible above ground include the surviving 13th century building spanning the river (variously interpreted as a guest house or warden’s lodging, and known as the Greyfriars Chapel today); the remnants of the friary church incorporated into the eastern boundary of the Franciscan Gardens site; and part of a stone bridge across the main river channel, along with the stone revetments upstream of it. The foundations of the chancel have been revealed in excavations, as have those of an attached structure to the north, believed to be a Lady Chapel, and of a detached structure interpreted as a bell-tower. The location of a second bridge and the friary’s lay brothers’ cemetery has also been confirmed. Franciscan friaries typically also comprised a refectory, dormitory, chapter house, study, library and infirmary, but the precise arrangement of the domestic ranges at Canterbury is uncertain; both west and south ranges are believed to have been extended outside the quadrangle at some point after 1275.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyfriars,_Canterbury

 

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Religious houses

OF THE MANY RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS, HOSPITALS, AND ALMS-HOUSES which were within the circuit of this city and its suburbs, most of them were exempt from the liberty of it; these therefore will be treated of hereafter, among those districts which are esteemed to be exempt from it, and to lie within the county at large. THOSE NOW HELD to be within the jurisdiction of the city, are as follows:

 

THE GREY FRIARS, which was a convent here, stood at a small distance southward from St. Peter'sstreet, of which there are remaining only some walls and ruined arches; the scite of it is very low and damp, among the meads and garden-grounds, (fn. 1) having two entrances or alleys leading to it, where formerly stood two gates; one called Northgate, in St. Peter'sstreet, facing that of the Black Friars; the other was called Eastgate, to which the entrance was by a bridge at the end of Lamb-lane, in Stour-street.

 

These friars, called at first Franciscans, from the name of their founder St. Francis; (fn. 2) the head of whom was called the guardian, were afterwards likewise called Grey Friars, from their habit, which, in imitation of their founder, was a long grey coat down to their heels, with a cowl or hood, (fn. 3) and a cord or rope about their loins, instead of a girdle. They were likewise called Minorites, from their being the lowest and most humble of all orders; and sometimes Observants, from their being more observant and strict to the rules of their order, than a more negligent and loose sort of them. They were stiled Mendicants, from their professing wilful poverty, subsisting chiefly upon alms, which they used to ask and receive from door to door; by which friars were distinguished from monks, who kept at home within their convents, and lived in common upon their own substance. These Franciscans came first into England in king Henry III.'s reign, about the year 1224. (fn. 4) How they were afterwards en tertained, or accommodated with a home, is told by the author of the Antiquities of the English Franciscans, entitled Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica; by this we learn, that these friars, viz. Aghellus de Pisa and his companions, on their coming to Canterbury in the year 1220, were charitably harboured and entertained for two days by the Benedictine monks, in the priory of the Holy Trinity, after which they were taken in at the Poor Priests hospital, where however they continued no longer than whilst a part of the school belonging to it was fitted up for their reception. Here some of them staid to build their first convent; for which purpose Alexander, the provost or master of the hospital, gave them a spot of ground set out with a convenient house, and a decent chapel or oratory, which by his care and charitable endeavours were there built for them, and here he placed these friars, and this was their first convent for this order in England, and was held in the name of the corporation or community of Canterbury, for their use, they being by their profession incapable of possessing it as their own right.

 

Here they lived for some time, increasing in numbers and popularity, having gained the esteem of many persons of dignity and consequence; among whom were archbishop Stephen Langton, his brother the archdeacon, and Henry de Sandwich, who became their first great benefactors and patrons. Among others who admired them for their sanctity, was a devout and worthy citizen, of a flourishing family then in this city, as they were afterwards in the county, one John Digg or Diggs, then an alderman of it, (fn. 5) into whose favour they had so far insinuated themselves, that he purchased for them a piece of ground, lying between the two streams of the river Stour here, then called the island of Binnewyth, (fn. 6) and shortly afterwards translated them thither. (fn. 7)

 

The friars being seated here, and there being many houses and much ground belonging to the priory of Christ-church, within the precinct of their convent, they laid claim to them, and they made themselves absolute possessors of the whole of this island; and the monks seeing the common people much inclined to favour them, and not willing to incur theirs, left it might bring with it the people's displeasure too, made a virtue of a necessity, and after the friars had been no small time in possession, without payment of any of the accustomed rents and services, which the former tenants of the monks were bound to pay; they, by a composition made, as they phrased it, through pure motives of charity, not only remitted to them all arrears past and for the future, an abatement of the one half of the rent; on condition of their paying in full of all services and demands, for the time to come, iii shillings yearly rent. (fn. 8) How this might stand with their founder's rule, and their own vow, appears strange; for by their rule set forth articulately in Matthew Paris, they were clearly debarred, not only by their vow of poverty, but by express precept besides, from all property, either house or ground, or any kind of substance, but as pilgrims and strangers in this world, serving the Lord in poverty and humility, by going and begging alms with considence, &c.

 

These Franciscans, or Minorite friars, had granted to them by several popes, many privileges, immunities, and indulgencies; (fn. 9) besides their exemption and immunities from episcopal and other ordinary jurisdiction; in the matter of tithes they were privileged from the payment of any, either of their house, orchard, or garden, and the nutriment, i. e. the herbage or agistment of their cattle, as in the decretals; in matters of burial, they had liberam sepulturam, i. e. might chuse wheresoever any of them would his place of burial, paying the fourth part of the obventions to the parish church; and as a thing of which multitudes were ambitious, numbers of persons of high degree and estimation were desirous of living, dying, and being interred in the habit of these Franciscans, believing that whosoever was buried among them, especially if in the holy and virtuous habit of a poor friar, he should not be only happily secured from evil spirits, which might otherwise disturb the quiet of his grave, but assure to himself an entrance into the kingdom of heaven. (fn. 10)

 

There is but little further to be mentioned concerning these friars and their house, only that in king Henry VII.'s reign, this convent became one of those which were called Observants, being those who put themselves under the more strict discipline of this order, in opposition to whom, the others gained the name of Conventuals, who continued under the former relaxed state of the rules of their primitive institution, though still in general they were called Franciscan friars. (fn. 11)

 

This house was dissolved in the 25th year of king Henry VIII. anno 1534, those of this order being the first that were suppressed by him. (fn. 12) Hugh Rich was the last principal of this house.

 

As to the benefactions to this convent, it should be observed, that whoever died of any worth always remembered these friars in their wills, and in general gave liberally both to their church and convent; among others, it appears by the wills in the Prerogative-office, in Canterbury, that William Woodland, of Holy Cross parish, anno 1450, by his will gave five pounds towards the reparation of their church, and five marcs besides to the repairing of their dormitory or dortor; and Hamon Beale, a citizen, and in his time mayor of Canterbury, chusing this church for his place of burial, as Isabel his first wife had done before, gave forty shillings in money to this convent.

 

¶There were several persons of worth and estimation, as well of the clergy as laity, buried in the church of this convent, which is so entirely destroyed, that the scite of it can only be conjectured. Weever, however, has preserved some few of them. These were, Bartholomew, lord Badlesmere, steward to king Edward II.'s houshold, who was hanged for rebellion in 1321, at the gallows at the Blean, near this city; Sir Giles Badlesmere, his son; Elizabeth Domina de Chilham; Sir William Manston, Sir Roger Manston, his brother; Sir Thomas Brockhull, and the lady Joan, his wife; Sir Thomas Brockhull, their son, and lady Editha, his wife; Sir Fulk Peyforer, Sir Thomas Drayner, lady Alice de Marinis; lady Candlin; Sir Alan Pennington, of Lancashire; who died in this city; lady Audry de Valence; Sir William Trussell; Sir William Balyol; Sir Bartholomew Ashburnham, and Sir John Mottenden, a friar of this house; (fn. 13) and by the register in the Prerog. office above-mentioned, it appears, that Hamon Beal, who is mentioned above as a benefactor to this convent, and who was mayor of this city in 1464, by his will anno 1492, appointed to be buried in the middle of the nave of the church of these Friars Minors, and to have a tomb three feet high, at his executors charges, set over him and Elizabeth his wife; (fn. 14) that Thomas Barton, of Northgate, in Canterbury, by his will in 1476, ordered to be buried in the church of this house, and that a little square stone of marble set in the wall over the place where he should be buried, with images and figures of brass of his father, mother, himself, wives and children, &c. Margaret Cherche, of St. Alphage, in the nave of the church before the high cross in 1486—John Forde, of St. George's, in the north part of the church, near the altar of St. Cle ment there, in 1487—and that Richard Martyn, bishop in the universal church, by his will in 1502, ordered to be buried in the church of these Grey Friars, to whom he devised his crysmatory of silver, and parcel thereof gilt, and the case thereto belonging, and mentions the chapel of St. Saviour, in this church.— Elizabeth Master was buried in the church of these Friars in 1522; Anne Culpeper, widow of Harry Agar, esq. by her will anno 1532, ordered to be buried, if she died at Canterbury, at the Friars Observants there.

 

Weever says, that this priory was valued at that time at 39l. 12s. 8½d. per annum, but there is no valuation of it either in Dugdale or Speed. (fn. 15)

 

The scite of this priory was granted anno 31 king Henry VIII. to Thomas Spilman, (fn. 16) who levied a fine of it in the 35th year of that reign, and then alienated it to Erasmus Finch and his wife, (fn. 17) after which, I find it next in the name of Lovelace, for it appears by the escheat rolls, that William Lovelace died possessed of it in the 25th year of queen Elizabeth, holding it in capite, in which year his son, of the same name, had livery of it; (fn. 18) Sir William Lovelace resided here and died possessed of it in 1629; (fn. 19) since which it has been for many years in the possession of the family of Hartcup; the present possessor of it being Thomas Hartcup, esq.

 

A fee-farm rent of four shillings is yearly paid to the crown for this estate, by the name of the Little Friars, in Canterbury.

 

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol11/pp164-184

La Ermite de la Virgen de Cabeza

Philips Wouwerman (1619-1668), active in Haarlem

Attack on travelers, to 1650/60

Wouwerman himself never worked in Italy, but followed closely the so-called "italianate movement": Dutch painters who worked in Italy and mainly dealt with southern motivs. Scenes with soldiers and bandits were particularly often portrayed and and so also in the works of Wouwerman they take great significance. The artist knows in a virtuous manner through the choppiness of the figure composition and the integration of the landscape into the action to reproduce the drama of the raid.

 

Philips Wouwerman (1619-1668), tätig in Haarlem

Überfall auf Reisende, um 1650/60

Wouwerman arbeitete selbst nie in Italien, lehnte sich aber eng an die so genannte "Italianisanten" an: Holländische Maler, die in Italien tätig waren und sich überwiegend mit südlichen Motiven befassten. Szenen mit Soldaten und Straßenräubern wurden besonders häufig geschildert und nehmen so auch im Werk Wouwermans breiten Raum ein. Der Künstler versteht es virtuos, durch die Bewegtheit der Figurenkomposition und die Einbindung der Landschaft in das Geschehen die Dramatik des Überfalls wiederzugeben.

 

Austria Kunsthistorisches Museum

Federal Museum

Logo KHM

Regulatory authority (ies)/organs to the Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture

Founded 17 October 1891

Headquartered Castle Ring (Burgring), Vienna 1, Austria

Management Sabine Haag

www.khm.at website

Main building of the Kunsthistorisches Museum at Maria-Theresa-Square

The Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM abbreviated) is an art museum in Vienna. It is one of the largest and most important museums in the world. It was opened in 1891 and 2012 visited of 1.351.940 million people.

The museum

The Kunsthistorisches Museum is with its opposite sister building, the Natural History Museum (Naturhistorisches Museum), the most important historicist large buildings of the Ringstrasse time. Together they stand around the Maria Theresa square, on which also the Maria Theresa monument stands. This course spans the former glacis between today's ring road and 2-line, and is forming a historical landmark that also belongs to World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Vienna.

History

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in his Gallery

The Museum came from the collections of the Habsburgs, especially from the portrait and armor collections of Ferdinand of Tyrol, the collection of Emperor Rudolf II (most of which, however scattered) and the art collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into existence. Already In 1833 asked Joseph Arneth, curator (and later director) of the Imperial Coins and Antiquities Cabinet, bringing together all the imperial collections in a single building.

Architectural History

The contract to build the museum in the city had been given in 1858 by Emperor Franz Joseph. Subsequently, many designs were submitted for the ring road zone. Plans by August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Null planned to build two museum buildings in the immediate aftermath of the Imperial Palace on the left and right of the Heroes' Square (Heldenplatz). The architect Ludwig Förster planned museum buildings between the Schwarzenberg Square and the City Park, Martin Ritter von Kink favored buildings at the corner Währinger street/Scots ring (Schottenring), Peter Joseph, the area Bellariastraße, Moritz von Loehr the south side of the Opera ring, and Ludwig Zettl the southeast side of the Grain market (Getreidemarkt).

From 1867, a competition was announced for the museums, and thereby set their current position - at the request of the Emperor, the museum should not be too close to the Imperial Palace, but arise beyond the ring road. The architect Carl von Hasenauer participated in this competition and was able the at that time in Zürich operating Gottfried Semper to encourage to work together. The two museum buildings should be built here in the sense of the style of the Italian Renaissance. The plans got the benevolence of the imperial family. In April 1869, there was an audience of Joseph Semper with the Emperor Franz Joseph and an oral contract was concluded, in July 1870 was issued the written order to Semper and Hasenauer.

Crucial for the success of Semper and Hasenauer against the projects of other architects were among others Semper's vision of a large building complex called "Imperial Forum", in which the museums would have been a part of. Not least by the death of Semper in 1879 came the Imperial Forum not as planned for execution, the two museums were built, however.

Construction of the two museums began without ceremony on 27 November 1871 instead. Semper subsequently moved to Vienna. From the beginning on, there were considerable personal differences between him and Hasenauer, who finally in 1877 took over sole construction management. 1874, the scaffolds were placed up to the attic and the first floor completed, in 1878, the first windows installed, in 1879, the Attica and the balustrade finished, and from 1880 to 1881 the dome and the Tabernacle built. The dome is topped with a bronze statue of Pallas Athena by Johannes Benk.

The lighting and air conditioning concept with double glazing of the ceilings made ​​the renunciation of artificial light (especially at that time, as gas light) possible, but this resulted due to seasonal variations depending on daylight to different opening times.

Dome hall

Entrance (by clicking on the link at the end of the side you can see all the pictures here indicated!)

Grand staircase

Hall

Empire

The Kunsthistorisches Museum was on 17 October 1891 officially opened by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Since 22 October 1891, the museum is accessible to the public. Two years earlier, on 3 November 1889, the collection of arms, Arms and Armour today, had their doors open. On 1 January 1890 the library service resumed its operations. The merger and listing of other collections of the Highest Imperial Family from the Upper and Lower Belvedere, the Hofburg Palace and Ambras in Tyrol needs another two years.

1891, the Court museum was organized in seven collections with three directorates:

Directorate of coins, medals and antiquities collection

The Egyptian Collection

The Antique Collection

The coins and medals collection

Management of the collection of weapons, art and industrial objects

Weapons collection

Collection of industrial art objects

Directorate of Art Gallery and Restaurieranstalt (Restoration Office)

Collection of watercolors, drawings, sketches, etc.

Restoration Office

Library

Very soon the room the Court Museum (Hofmuseum) for the imperial collections was offering became too narrow. To provide temporary help, an exhibition of ancient artifacts from Ephesus in the Theseus Temple was designed. However, additional space had to be rented in the Lower Belvedere.

1914, after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne, his "Estensische Sammlung (Collection)" passed to the administration of the Court Museum. This collection, which emerged from the art collection of the house of d'Este and world travel collection of Franz Ferdinand, was placed in the New Imperial Palace since 1908. For these stocks, the present collection of old musical instruments and the Museum of Ethnology emerged.

The First World War went by, apart from the oppressive economic situation without loss. The Court museum remained during the five years of war regularly open to the public.

Until 1919 the K.K. Art Historical Court Museum was under the authority of the Oberstkämmereramt (head chamberlain office) and belonged to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The officials and employees were part of the royal household.

First Republic

The transition from monarchy to republic, in the museum took place in complete tranquility. On 19 November 1918 the two imperial museums on Maria Theresa Square were placed under the state protection of the young Republic of German Austria. Threatening to the stocks of the museum were the claims raised in the following weeks and months of the "successor states" of the monarchy as well as Italy and Belgium on Austrian art collection. In fact, it came on 12th February 1919 to the violent removal of 62 paintings by armed Italian units. This "art theft" left a long time trauma among curators and art historians.

It was not until the Treaty of Saint-Germain on 10 September 1919, providing in Article 195 and 196 the settlement of rights in the cultural field by negotiations. The claims of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Italy again could mostly being averted in this way. Only Hungary, which presented the greatest demands by far, was met by more than ten years of negotiation in 147 cases.

On 3 April 1919 was the expropriation of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine by law and the acquisition of its property, including the "Collections of the Imperial House", by the Republic. On 18 June 1920 the then provisional administration of the former imperial museums and collections of Este and the secular and clergy treasury passed to the State Office of Internal Affairs and Education, since 10 November 1920, the Federal Ministry of the Interior and Education. A few days later it was renamed the Art History Court Museum in the "Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna State", 1921 "Kunsthistorisches Museum" . Of 1st January 1921 the employees of the museum staff passed to the state of the Republic.

Through the acquisition of the former imperial collections owned by the state, the museum found itself in a complete new situation. In order to meet the changed circumstances in the museum area, designed Hans Tietze in 1919 the "Vienna Museum program". It provided a close cooperation between the individual museums to focus at different houses on main collections. So dominated exchange, sales and equalizing the acquisition policy in the interwar period. Thus resulting until today still valid collection trends. Also pointing the way was the relocation of the weapons collection from 1934 in its present premises in the New Castle, where since 1916 the collection of ancient musical instruments was placed.

With the change of the imperial collections in the ownership of the Republic the reorganization of the internal organization went hand in hand, too. Thus the museum was divided in 1919 into the

Egyptian and Near Eastern Collection (with the Oriental coins)

Collection of Classical Antiquities

Collection of Ancient Coins

Collection of modern Coins and Medals

Weapons collection

Collection of Sculptures and Crafts with the Collection of Ancient Musical Instruments

Picture gallery

The Museum 1938-1945

Count Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Sinzendorf according to Rigaud. Clarisse 1948 by Baroness de Rothschildt "dedicated" to the memory of Baron Alphonse de Rothschildt; restituted to the Rothschilds in 1999, and in 1999 donated by Bettina Looram Rothschild, the last Austrian heiress.

With the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich all Jewish art collections such as the Rothschilds were forcibly "Aryanised". Collections were either "paid" or simply distributed by the Gestapo at the museums. This resulted in a significant increase in stocks. But the KHM was not the only museum that benefited from the linearization. Systematically looted Jewish property was sold to museums, collections or in pawnshops throughout the German Reich.

After the war, the museum struggled to reimburse the "Aryanised" art to the owners or their heirs. They forced the Rothschild family to leave the most important part of their own collection to the museum and called this "dedications", or "donations". As a reason, was the export law stated, which does not allow owners to bring certain works of art out of the country. Similar methods were used with other former owners. Only on the basis of international diplomatic and media pressure, to a large extent from the United States, the Austrian government decided to make a change in the law (Art Restitution Act of 1998, the so-called Lex Rothschild). The art objects were the Rothschild family refunded only in the 1990s.

The Kunsthistorisches Museum operates on the basis of the federal law on the restitution of art objects from the 4th December 1998 (Federal Law Gazette I, 181 /1998) extensive provenance research. Even before this decree was carried out in-house provenance research at the initiative of the then archive director Herbert Haupt. To this end was submitted in 1998 by him in collaboration with Lydia Grobl a comprehensive presentation of the facts about the changes in the inventory levels of the Kunsthistorisches Museum during the Nazi era and in the years leading up to the State Treaty of 1955, an important basis for further research provenance.

The two historians Susanne Hehenberger and Monika Löscher are since 1st April 2009 as provenance researchers at the Kunsthistorisches Museum on behalf of the Commission for Provenance Research operating and they deal with the investigation period from 1933 to the recent past.

The museum today

Today the museum is as a federal museum, with 1st January 1999 released to the full legal capacity - it was thus the first of the state museums of Austria, implementing the far-reaching self-financing. It is by far the most visited museum in Austria with 1.3 million visitors (2007).

The Kunsthistorisches Museum is under the name Kunsthistorisches Museum and Museum of Ethnology and the Austrian Theatre Museum with company number 182081t since 11 June 1999 as a research institution under public law of the Federal virtue of the Federal Museums Act, Federal Law Gazette I/115/1998 and the Museum of Procedure of the Kunsthistorisches Museum and Museum of Ethnology and the Austrian Theatre Museum, 3 January 2001, BGBl II 2/ 2001, in force since 1 January 2001, registered.

In fiscal 2008, the turnover was 37.185 million EUR and total assets amounted to EUR 22.204 million. In 2008 an average of 410 workers were employed.

Management

1919-1923: Gustav Glück as the first chairman of the College of science officials

1924-1933: Hermann Julius Hermann 1924-1925 as the first chairman of the College of the scientific officers in 1925 as first director

1933: Arpad Weixlgärtner first director

1934-1938: Alfred Stix first director

1938-1945: Fritz Dworschak 1938 as acting head, from 1938 as a chief, in 1941 as first director

1945-1949: August von Loehr 1945-1948 as executive director of the State Art Collections, in 1949 as general director of the historical collections of the Federation

1945-1949: Alfred Stix 1945-1948 as executive director of the State Art Collections, in 1949 as general director of art historical collections of the Federation

1949-1950: Hans Demel as administrative director

1950: Karl Wisoko-Meytsky as general director of art and historical collections of the Federation

1951-1952: Fritz Eichler as administrative director

1953-1954: Ernst H. Buschbeck as administrative director

1955-1966: Vincent Oberhammer 1955-1959 as administrative director, from 1959 as first director

1967: Edward Holzmair as managing director

1968-1972: Erwin Auer first director

1973-1981: Friderike Klauner first director

1982-1990: Hermann Fillitz first director

1990: George Kugler as interim first director

1990-2008: Wilfried Seipel as general director

Since 2009: Sabine Haag as general director

Collections

To the Kunsthistorisches Museum also belon the collections of the New Castle, the Austrian Theatre Museum in Palais Lobkowitz, the Museum of Ethnology and the Wagenburg (wagon fortress) in an outbuilding of Schönbrunn Palace. A branch office is also Ambras in Innsbruck.

Kunsthistorisches Museum (main building)

Picture Gallery

Egyptian and Near Eastern Collection

Collection of Classical Antiquities

Vienna Chamber of Art

Numismatic Collection

Library

New Castle

Ephesus Museum

Collection of Ancient Musical Instruments

Arms and Armour

Archive

Hofburg

The imperial crown in the Treasury

Imperial Treasury of Vienna

Insignia of the Austrian Hereditary Homage

Insignia of imperial Austria

Insignia of the Holy Roman Empire

Burgundian Inheritance and the Order of the Golden Fleece

Habsburg-Lorraine Household Treasure

Ecclesiastical Treasury

Schönbrunn Palace

Imperial Carriage Museum Vienna

Armory in Ambras Castle

Ambras Castle

Collections of Ambras Castle

Major exhibits

Among the most important exhibits of the Art Gallery rank inter alia:

Jan van Eyck: Cardinal Niccolò Albergati, 1438

Martin Schongauer: Holy Family, 1475-80

Albrecht Dürer : Trinity Altar, 1509-16

Portrait Johann Kleeberger, 1526

Parmigianino: Self Portrait in Convex Mirror, 1523/24

Giuseppe Arcimboldo: Summer 1563

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: Madonna of the Rosary 1606/ 07

Caravaggio: Madonna of the Rosary (1606-1607)

Titian: Nymph and Shepherd to 1570-75

Portrait of Jacopo de Strada, 1567/68

Raffaello Santi: Madonna of the Meadow, 1505 /06

Lorenzo Lotto: Portrait of a young man against white curtain, 1508

Peter Paul Rubens: The altar of St. Ildefonso, 1630-32

The Little Fur, about 1638

Jan Vermeer: The Art of Painting, 1665/66

Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Fight between Carnival and Lent, 1559

Kids, 1560

Tower of Babel, 1563

Christ Carrying the Cross, 1564

Gloomy Day (Early Spring), 1565

Return of the Herd (Autumn), 1565

Hunters in the Snow (Winter) 1565

Bauer and bird thief, 1568

Peasant Wedding, 1568/69

Peasant Dance, 1568/69

Paul's conversion (Conversion of St Paul), 1567

Cabinet of Curiosities:

Saliera from Benvenuto Cellini 1539-1543

Egyptian-Oriental Collection:

Mastaba of Ka Ni Nisut

Collection of Classical Antiquities:

Gemma Augustea

Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós

Gallery: Major exhibits

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum

File name: 10_03_002215a

Binder label: Thread

Title: Pish-Tush. Our great Mikado, virtuous man, when he rule our land began, resolved to try a plan whereby each wife should be contented. So his decree was, it is said: 'My subjects all must use Coats' thread because it is,' the decree read - the best that's been invented.' [front]

Created/Published: N. Y. : Donaldson Brothers

Date issued: 1870 - 1900 (approximate)

Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 12 x 7 cm.

Genre: Advertising cards

Subject: Men; Fans (Accessories); Thread; Cotton

Notes: Title from item.

Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards

Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department

Rights: No known restrictions.

Built in 1902, Sacred Heart Catholic Church overlooks the township of Yea from its uppermost point along one of Yea’s premier boulevards; The Parade.

 

Sacred Heart Catholic Church is a fine classical example of a Victorian Academic Gothic church. Gothic architecture was perceived by the pious Victorians as an expression of religious, and therefore, moral values. Its revival was thus seen as virtuous and equated with moral revival. For this reason an ecclesiastical character was predominant. As befits such architecture, Sacred Heart is a smart red brick church with elegant lines which demonstrates the excellent stone masonry of the builders. It was built for the princely sum of £2,369.00, a considerable amount more than the £600.00 it cost to build its neighbor, St Luke’s Anglican Church. The current red brick Sacred Heart Church replaced the original 1890 timber church building. It was built by the Reverend Patrick O’Reilly and was blessed an opened by the Most Reverent Thomas Joseph Carr (1839-1917) on the 26th of October 1902. It features a steeply pitched roof of slate tiles and plainly fashioned walls that are decorated with stone detailing. It features common qualities of Victorian Academic Gothic architecture including a parapeted gable, wall buttresses with stone capping marking structural bays, and lancet stained glass windows with elegant tracery around them.

 

Yea is a small country town located 109 kilometres (68 miles) north-east of Melbourne in rural Victoria. The first settlers in the district were overlanders from New South Wales, who arrived in 1837. By 1839, settlements and farms dotted the area along the Goulburn River. The town was surveyed and laid out in 1855 and named after Colonel Lacy Walter Yea (1808 – 1855); a British Army colonel killed that year in the Crimean War. Town lots went on sale at Kilmore the following year. Settlement followed and the Post Office opened on 15 January 1858. The town site was initially known to pioneer settlers as the Muddy Creek settlement for the Yea River, called Muddy Creek until 1878. When gold was discovered in the area in 1859 a number of smaller mining settlements came into existence, including Molesworth. Yea expanded into a township under the influx of hopeful prospectors, with the addition of several housing areas, an Anglican church (erected in 1869) and a population of 250 when it formally became a shire in 1873. Yea was promoted as something of a tourist centre in the 1890s with trout being released into King Parrot Creek to attract recreational anglers. A post office was built in 1890, followed by a grandstand and a butter factory (now cheese factory) in 1891. There was a proposal in 1908 to submerge the town under the Trawool Water Scheme but it never went ahead. Today Yea is a popular stopping point for tourists on their way from Melbourne to the Victorian snow fields and Lake Eildon, and is very popular with cyclists who traverse the old railway line, which has since been converted into a cycling trail.

  

File name: 10_03_002215b

Binder label: Thread

Title: Pish-Tush. Our great Mikado, virtuous man, when he rule our land began, resolved to try a plan whereby each wife should be contented. So his decree was, it is said: 'My subjects all must use Coats' thread because it is,' the decree read - the best that's been invented.' [back]

Created/Published: N. Y. : Donaldson Brothers

Date issued: 1870 - 1900 (approximate)

Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 12 x 7 cm.

Genre: Advertising cards

Subject: Men; Fans (Accessories); Thread; Cotton

Notes: Title from item.

Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards

Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department

Rights: No known restrictions.

"Nazareth House" was founded in the provincial Victorian city of Ballarat in 1888 by Bishop Moore as an orphanage and a home for the impoverished elderly under the supervision of the Sisters of Nazareth, who also used "Nazareth House" as a convent.

 

In response to a commission, in 1889 architects Tappin, Gilbert and Dennehy produced plans for a splendid red brick "Nazareth House" building to replace the order's existing quarters. Constructed in 1891, "Nazareth House" is a three-storey Victorian Academic Gothic edifice of red brick with stone detailing punctuated by two towers and a central gable marking the entrance. The building is flanked by two wings ending in gables that match the central section. The ground floor arched windows are arranged regularly in the upper two levels. Above the roof line the towers have paired occuli below a cornice line. Above the cornice is a pair of elongated openings with pointed arch heads below another cornice line that corbels out to the steep slate roof capped with a cast iron finial. In 1902, Reed, Smart and Tappin designed a brick chapel for "Nazareth House", built sympathetically in Academic Gothic style.

 

Gothic architecture was perceived by the pious Victorians as an expression of religious, and therefore, moral values. Its revival was thus seen as virtuous and equated with moral revival. For this reason an ecclesiastical character was predominant. Therefore, Victorian Academic Gothic style would have been the only style suitable for "Nazareth House" to be built in.

 

The Sisters of Nazareth is a Catholic religious order of nuns. The Sisters of Nazareth began in 1851, when Victoire Larmenier, a young sister in Rennes, France was sent to England. In October six years later, she founded the first Nazareth House, in Hammersmith, London. Since then the Sisters of Nazareth congregation has grown and expanded throughout the world. Originally caring for poor and infirm children, the Sisters of Nazareth turned their efforts to include the impoverished elderly. Today there are thirty-seven "Nazareth Houses" worldwide, and they continue to care for orphans and the elderly.

Built in 1902, Sacred Heart Catholic Church overlooks the township of Yea from its uppermost point along one of Yea’s premier boulevards; The Parade.

 

Sacred Heart Catholic Church is a fine classical example of a Victorian Academic Gothic church. Gothic architecture was perceived by the pious Victorians as an expression of religious, and therefore, moral values. Its revival was thus seen as virtuous and equated with moral revival. For this reason an ecclesiastical character was predominant. As befits such architecture, Sacred Heart is a smart red brick church with elegant lines which demonstrates the excellent stone masonry of the builders. It was built for the princely sum of £2,369.00, a considerable amount more than the £600.00 it cost to build its neighbor, St Luke’s Anglican Church. The current red brick Sacred Heart Church replaced the original 1890 timber church building. It was built by the Reverend Patrick O’Reilly and was blessed an opened by the Most Reverent Thomas Joseph Carr (1839-1917) on the 26th of October 1902. It features a steeply pitched roof of slate tiles and plainly fashioned walls that are decorated with stone detailing. It features common qualities of Victorian Academic Gothic architecture including a parapeted gable, wall buttresses with stone capping marking structural bays, and lancet stained glass windows with elegant tracery around them.

 

Yea is a small country town located 109 kilometres (68 miles) north-east of Melbourne in rural Victoria. The first settlers in the district were overlanders from New South Wales, who arrived in 1837. By 1839, settlements and farms dotted the area along the Goulburn River. The town was surveyed and laid out in 1855 and named after Colonel Lacy Walter Yea (1808 – 1855); a British Army colonel killed that year in the Crimean War. Town lots went on sale at Kilmore the following year. Settlement followed and the Post Office opened on 15 January 1858. The town site was initially known to pioneer settlers as the Muddy Creek settlement for the Yea River, called Muddy Creek until 1878. When gold was discovered in the area in 1859 a number of smaller mining settlements came into existence, including Molesworth. Yea expanded into a township under the influx of hopeful prospectors, with the addition of several housing areas, an Anglican church (erected in 1869) and a population of 250 when it formally became a shire in 1873. Yea was promoted as something of a tourist centre in the 1890s with trout being released into King Parrot Creek to attract recreational anglers. A post office was built in 1890, followed by a grandstand and a butter factory (now cheese factory) in 1891. There was a proposal in 1908 to submerge the town under the Trawool Water Scheme but it never went ahead. Today Yea is a popular stopping point for tourists on their way from Melbourne to the Victorian snow fields and Lake Eildon, and is very popular with cyclists who traverse the old railway line, which has since been converted into a cycling trail.

  

The enthroned and bearded personification of Honor receives the victor's laurel crown from Virtue and Victory. Majesty and Respect sit like handmaidens at Honor's feet, and the most lauded rulers of history, each identified by name, flank his throne; below are ten virtuous women, plucked from mythology, the Bible and more recent apocryphal histories. The central scribe peruses the list of Honor's celebrants, whilst in the foreground an unruly mob of historical and literary protagonists beseige Honor's pavilion.

 

This tapestry was part of a seven-piece set presenting an allegorical guide to the qualities which a successful ruler should espouse. The set was made for Cardinal Erard de la Marck (1472–1538), Prince-Bishop of Liège, and loyal envoy and financial backer of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings

Inscription: Names of characters, in Latin, at center, top: VICTUS (probably a misreading at cartoon or weaving stage for VIRTUS- Virtue); MAIESTAS (Majesty); REVER[N]TIA (Respect); VICTORIA (Victory).

 

Top tier of rulers, inscribed left to right: GODEEREDUS BUHONIUS (Godfrey of Bouillon); S. LODOVICUS (Louis IX of France); CAROL MAGN (Charlemagne); CONSTANTINUS (Emperor Constantine); DAVID (King David); OCTAVIUS (Emperor Augustus); ABRAM (Abraham); ALEXANDER MAGN (Alexander the Great).

 

Second tier of virtuous females: FLORE[N]TIA ROMITIA (Florence of Rome); PENELOPE (Penelope); SOMRAMIS (Semiramis); HELENA (Empress Helena); HESTER (Esther); DEBORA (the prophet Deborah); SABA (Queen of Sheba); ASIA (the continent Asia, at this time iconographically associated with the spread of Fame).

 

Mounting the steps to enter Honor’s pavilion are, at the left, SERTORIUS (General Sertorius) and MARCELLA (Consul Marcellus), crowned by DIGNITE (Dignity) and TRIU[M]PH (Triumph); at the right, PHOCAS (Phocias) and PHUS (unidentifiable) welcome two additional unnamed protagonists.

 

At upper corners: NATURA (Nature); SCRIPTRAS (Scripture).

 

Amongst the foreground proragonists are: IORAM (Joram), IULIANUS APOSTATA (Julian the Apostate), JEROBOAM (Jereboam), HELENA (Helen of Troy) and PARIS (Paris), TARQUIN (Sextus Tarquinius), MELISA (probably an error due to reweaving of MEDUSA), IEZEBEL (Jezebel), NERO (Emperor Nero), MARCUS ANTONI (Mark Anthony), HOLOFERNES (Holofernes) and SARDANAPALUS (King Sardanapalus)

 

Three inscriptions in cartouches along the uppermost register of the border: “QUISQUIS UT AD CLARUM STUDIOSUS SCANDAT HONOREM / NATURA ASSIDUIS PROVOCAT ALMA TUBIS” (“Generous nature urges with constant trumpets / Anyone to ascend zealously to glorious Honor”); “CANDIDA QUOS MISIT VIRTUS HONOR ARCE RECEPTANS / LAUREAT AMBITIO QUOS TULIT INDE FUGAT” (“Those whom shining Virtue sent, Honor receives and crowns in the citadel. Those whom Ambition inspired, he makes flee from there”); “SEDULO DOCTA IUBET MODULIS SCRIPTURA DISERTIS / NE QUIS HONORIPAROS TARDET INITRE LARES” (“Scholarly Scriptura ordains with skillful means measures that no one should delay to enter the house of Honor”).

La personificazione in trono e barbuto di Honor riceve la corona d'alloro del vincitore da Virtue and Victory. Maestà e rispetto siedono come ancelle ai piedi di Onore, ei più lodati regnanti della storia, ciascuno identificato dal nome, fiancheggiano il suo trono; sotto ci sono dieci donne virtuose, strappate alla mitologia, alla Bibbia e alle più recenti storie apocrife. Lo scriba centrale esamina la lista dei celebranti di Honor, mentre in primo piano una folla indisciplinata di protagonisti storici e letterari blocca il padiglione di Honor.

 

Questo arazzo faceva parte di un set di sette pezzi che presentava una guida allegorica alle qualità che un governante di successo dovrebbe sposare. Il set è stato fatto per il cardinale Erard de la Marck (1472-1538), principe-vescovo di Liegi, e inviato leale e finanziatore del Sacro Romano Imperatore Carlo V.

Firme, iscrizioni e segni

Iscrizione: Nomi di personaggi, in latino, al centro, in alto: VICTUS (probabilmente una lettura errata del cartone animato o del palcoscenico per VIRTUS- Virtù); MAIESTAS (Maestà); REVER [N] TIA (Rispetto); VICTORIA (vittoria).

 

Top livello di sovrani, inscritto da sinistra a destra: GODEEREDUS BUHONIUS (Godfrey of Bouillon); S. LODOVICUS (Luigi IX di Francia); CAROL MAGN (Carlo Magno); COSTANTINO (imperatore Costantino); DAVID (King David); Ottaviano (imperatore Augusto); ABRAM (Abraham); ALEXANDER MAGN (Alessandro Magno).

 

Secondo livello di femmine virtuose: FLORE [N] TIA ROMITIA (Firenze di Roma); PENELOPE (Penelope); SOMRAMIS (Semiramis); HELENA (Imperatrice Elena); HESTER (Esther); DEBORA (il profeta Deborah); SABA (Regina di Saba); ASIA (il continente asiatico, in questo momento iconograficamente associato alla diffusione di Fame).

 

I passi per entrare nel padiglione di Honor sono, a sinistra, SERTORIUS (generale Sertorius) e MARCELLA (console Marcello), incoronati da DIGNITE (Dignity) e TRIU [M] PH (Triumph); a destra, PHOCAS (Phocias) e PHUS (non identificabili) danno il benvenuto a due altri protagonisti senza nome.

 

Agli angoli superiori: NATURA (natura); SCRIPTRAS (Scrittura).

 

Tra i proragonisti in primo piano ci sono: IORAM (Joram), IULIANUS APOSTATA (Julian the Apostate), JEROBOAM (Jereboam), HELENA (Helen of Troy) e PARIS (Parigi), TARQUIN (Sextus Tarquinius), MELISA (probabilmente un errore dovuto al riavvolgimento di MEDUSA), IEZEBEL (Jezebel), NERO (Imperatore Nerone), MARCUS ANTONI (Mark Anthony), HOLOFERNES (Oloferne) e SARDANAPALUS (Re Sardanapalus)

 

Tre iscrizioni in cartiglio lungo il registro superiore del confine: "QUISQUIS UT AD CLARUM STUDIOSUS SCANDAT HONOREM / NATURA ASSIDUIS PROVOCAT ALMA TUBIS" ("La natura generosa spinge con trombe costanti / Chiunque ascenda zelantemente al glorioso Onore"); "CANDIDA QUOS MISIT VIRTUS HONOR ARCE RECEPTANS / LAUREAT AMBITIO QUOS TULIT INDE FUGAT" ("Coloro che brillano di virtù, Honor riceve e incorona nella cittadella, quelli che l'ambizione ha ispirato, fugge da lì"); "SEDULO DOCTA IUBET MODULIS SCRIPTURA DISERTIS / NE QUIS HONORIPAROS TARDET INITRE LARES" ("La Scriptura ordinata con mezzi abili misura che nessuno dovrebbe ritardare per entrare nella casa d'onore")

Drogo (~1040~). "Friend of the family" of William the Conqueror.

 

Castle Montacute, 1068-1093/1104. An early Norman castle.

 

Montagues and the Crusades, 1095-1588. A long tradition.

 

Conon de Montaigu, ?1096?. Crusader. Commander under Godfrey of Bouillon during the First Crusade.

  

1100-1200

Pedro Guerin de Montagu, 1168-1230. Crusader. Grand Master of the Hospitalers (Knights of Saint John; Knights of Malta).

  

1200-1300

William de Montagu, ?1216?. One of the rebel Barons excommunicated for backing the Magna Carta.

 

Pedro de Montaigu, ?-1232. Crusader. One of the most successful Grand Masters of the Knights Templar, from 1219-1232. Led the Christian defense of the Holy Land, supervised building the largest Crusader castle in the Middle East. Key role in the Fifth crusade and Frederick's crusade.

  

1300-1400

Simon de Montacute, ?-1317. First Baron Montacute. Senior positions in Norman wars in France, Wales, and Scotland. One of the first British admirals, served in all the wars of Edward I.

 

William de Montacute, ?-1319. Second Baron Montacute. Scottish and Welsh Norman wars, peace negotiator. Commander of the fleet and the royal cavalry. In charge of Aquitane and Gascony (English possesions in France).

 

William de Montacute, 1301-1344. First (sixth) earl of Salisbury. Close confidant of Edward III, killed two in the queen-mother's chamber while arresting her ally, key role in outbreak of the Hundred Years war. Issued the "declaration" of the Hundred Years War.

 

Katherine/Catharine/Alys de Montacute (Katharine de Grandison), ?-~1350. Countess of Salisbury. One of the two women after which the Order of the Garter, the oldest and most prestigious English order of chivalry, is purportedly named. Virtuously resisted the advances of the king...

 

Simon de Montacute, ?-1345. Bishop, Oxford grad...

 

Joan (the fair maid) of Kent (Joan Plantagenet), 1328-1385. Wife of William de Montacute, marriage annulled directly by the pope; Princess of Wales, mother of king Richard II. The other woman after which the Order of the Garter may have been named.

 

William de Montacute, 1328-1397. Second (seventh) earl of Salisbury. Commander during early Hundred Years War, at Crecy and Poitiers. Last survivor of the original 25 foundingKnights of the Garter. Accidentally killed his own son at a joust, divorced by the Pope from Joan of Kent.

 

Montagues in the March of Wales, 1330-1354 A typical feudal career.

 

John de Montacute, 1350?-1400. Third (eighth) earl of Salisbury. Key Lollard and lieutenant of the (now) infamous Richard II, convicted of treason. Politically liberal, he was considered an intellectual Francophile and beheaded by a mob. Lollardry involved the idea that religion should not involve image-worship, pilgrimage, prayers for the dead, rich rewards for the clergy, etc..

 

Thomas de Montacute/Montagu, 1388-1428. Fourth (ninth) earl of Salisbury, Henry V's field commander. The leading commander of the Hundred Years War; his life is inseperable from the Hundred Years War and vice versa. A key commander at Agincourt. He is one of the first on record to be killed by an artillery shell. He has a curious relation to Joan of Arc. His wife Alice was granddaughter of Geoffrey Chaucer.

  

1400-1500

Alice Montacute, 1409-?. Famous mother of Richard Neville, the " Kingmaker" during the War of the Roses. Married at either age fifteen or nine...

 

Nicholas Montacute, ~1466. A historian. He apparently belonged to the "poetic" school of historians...

 

Richard Montagu (Ladde), ~1471~. Yeoman. A " gateway ancestor" of many Montagu/es. Genealogy related material - cowboys, carpenters, tailors, and on to Virginia!

  

1500-1600

Sir Edward Montagu, ?-1557. Judge, Chief Justice of the King's Bench and Common Pleas; regent while Edward VI was underage. In charge of Army's Commissary during Prince of Grace rebellion; became rich seizing church lands. Altered king's will in favor of succession of Lady Jane Grey (who was shortly afterwards executed).

 

Mrs. Alice? Montagu/e ~1560~. The Queen's "Silk Woman", introduced silk stockings to Queen Elizabeth. A woman of mystery.

 

First Viscount Montagu/e (Anthony Browne), 1528-1592. First Viscount Montagu. Important Catholic loyal to the Queen during the time of the Armada. The Browne's were important in keeping the Catholic faith alive in England as a minority religion.

 

Edward Montagu, 1562-1644. First Baron Montagu of Boughton. Politician, "royalist". The original creator of the first Thanksgiving, in response to the failure of the Gunpowder Plot to kill all of Parliament and the king using the equivalent of a truck-bomb.

 

?? Montagu, ?-1588. Lord ?? Montagu. English Catholic, killed fighting for the Spanish against Dutch/English forces while serving aboard the Portugese flagship San Mateo in the Spanish Armada.

 

Captayne Charles Mountague, ~1592. English captain in Ireland during Tyrone's Rebellion. Commanded the horse at the Yellow Ford (Englands worst defeat in Ireland). He was found innocent in a court-martial regarding an ambush, with the circumstances described in one of the first "official" military histories...

 

Sir Henry Montagu, 1563?-1642. First earl of Manchester. Judge, Chief Justice of the King's Bench; Treasurer of England and senior statesman; trusted advisor of Charles I, close long-time friend and ally of Francis Bacon . Ordered execution of Sir Walter Raleigh and the Jesuit found guilty of leading the Gunpowder Plot. On original Virginia Company Council to settle Jamestown (as was Francis Bacon).

 

James Montagu/Mountague, 1568?-1618. Bishop of Winchester. Dean of the Royal Chapel, a close advisor and confidant of James I and Bess of Hardwick. Edited and translated the writings of James. On the original Virginia Company Council to settle Jamestown.

 

Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, 1571-1631. Librarian, record-keeper, his thousand-book library changes history by creating in effect the first public law library and "public-service think-tank". A founder of modern government, and rule by precedence and common-law. Kinsman, neighbor of Hinchinbrooke Montagus.

 

Second Viscount Montagu (Anthony Maria Browne), 1574-1629. Second Viscount Montagu.

 

Richard Montagu/e/Mountague, 1577-1641. Bishop, scholar, king's chaplin, favorite theologian of Charles I. Political role defending Church of England from "both sides" (Puritans and Catholics) in Puritan controversy; defending right of the church to tax (tithe); and in controversy over the teachings of Ramus (which influenced the rise of modern science).

 

Johannes Montague (Jean de la Montague), 1595-1670. Early settler in Dutch New York, physician, politician, and Vice-Director General; school master of first New York public school.

  

1600-1700

Northamptonshire, the Montagus, the Spencers, and The Parliament of 1624.

 

Hinchinbrooke Montagu's, Cromwell, The Long Parliament, and the English Civil War.

 

Edward Montagu, 1602-1671. Second earl of Manchester. Key participant, English Civil War. Initially in command of the Parliamentary army (in revolt against the king). Cromwell's commander, in command at Marston Moor (the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil), shaped the ensuing peace and the formation of the Restoration. Bitter political enemy of Cromwell. Married in King James' bedroom.

 

Peter Montague/Mountague, 1603-1659. Early settler and politician in colonial Jamestown, Virginia.

 

Walter (Wat) Montagu, 1603?-1677. Secret agent; apparently ran the English secret service in France and was a long-time adversary of Richelieu (sinister power behind the French throne). Imprisioned in the Bastile; served as translator and negotiator for Buckingham (king James' favorite); at Buckingham's assasination; had the ear of three great princesses. Converted to Catholicism and defended it in England; Henry, the son of Charles I, was put under his care.

 

Richard Montague/Montaque, ~1614-1681. Early Massachusetts settler.

 

Edward Montagu, 1616-1684. Second Baron Montagu of Boughton. Royalist politician, active agent of Charles II, welcomed the Restoration.

 

Montagues in Jamestown and the Virginia Company.

 

Sir William Montagu, 1619?-1706. Judge, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

 

Edward Mountagu,1625-1672. First earl of Sandwich. Famous Admiral, friend of Cromwell, friend of Charles II, decisive role in end of English Civil war and the start of the Restoration. Enthusiastic young admirer of Cromwell, experienced regimental combat commander by age of twenty, appointed Pepys his secretary, had the fleet restore the king when Parliamentary politics degenerated into endless civil war.

 

Samuel Pepys, 1633-1703. A cousin of Edward Mountagu, 1625-1672, his detailed diary is perhaps the best source of information on Restoration history. He essentially defined the position that is now, in the U.S., the Secretary of the Navy. Founder of the modernprofessional British Navy and arguable founder of modern style of Civil Service. The "first great modern civil servant" (bureaucrat)!

 

Jemima Montagu, ~1665. Daughter of first earl of Sandwich. Her arranged marriage is intimately documented by Samuel Pepys.

 

Robert Montagu,1634-1683. Third earl of Manchester.

 

Edward Montagu,1635-1665. Young politician and adventurer; favored Restoration. Killed at Battle of Bergen in Norway (an attempt to hijack the treasure-laden Dutch East Indies fleet); remembered for his premonition of death; comrade of poet Lord Rochester.

 

Ralph Montagu, 1638?-1709. Duke of Montagu. "Scheming" politician and womanizer. He played an important role in the rise of party politics in England (the Whigs) and triggered the fall of the catholic Stuart kings. Had a famous simultaneous affair with both a duchess and her daughter; married an insane heiress by pretending to be an emperor. Patron of John Lock, Robert Boyle, and others...

 

Edward Montagu,1647-1688. A vignette regarding the foundation of modern science.

 

John Montagu, 1655?-1728. Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1683-~1700. Received his Doctorate by direct decree of the King. Dean of Durham. Upon leaving Trinity, his position was offered to Newton, who turned it down. He was Master of Trinity during very troubled academic times...

 

Charles Montagu, 1660?-1722. First Duke of Manchester. Diplomat. Became an active supporter of protestant Prince of Orange (William and Mary); raised troops that immediatly supported William when he landed in England...

 

Charles Montagu, 1661-1715. Earl of Halifax. Innovative finance minister; principal patron and lifelong friend, supporter, and companion of Sir Isaac Newton; founded the Bank of Englandand modern form of government financing by national debt; "common-law" husband of Isaac Newton's niece.

 

Sir James Montagu, 1666-1723. Judge, attorney-general.

 

John Montagu, 1688-1749. Second Duke of Montagu. Courtier. His house became the first British Museum. Attempted to colonize two West Indies islands.

 

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 1689-1762. Writer, early "feminist", socialite, and traveler,introduced smallpox innoculation in England. Considered the leading "woman of letters" of her century, introduced many words into the english language and had a significant indirect influence on the advance of medicine.

  

1700-1800

George Montagu, 1713-1780. His extensive correspondence with Horace Walpole, famous man-of-letters, is widely available. Walpole's correspondence is an important source of historical material, somewhat similar to Pepy's journal.

 

George Montagu (Brudenell), 1712-1790. Duke of Montagu, fourth Earl of Cardigan. Governor to Prince of Wales; Captain of Windsor Castle.

 

Edward Wortley Montagu, 1713-1776. Playboy, dilettante, author, and traveler - dysfunctional rebel child! Chased across the Sinai!

 

George Montagu Dunk, 1716-1771. Second Earl of Halifax. Active in founding Nova Scotia and expanding American commerce and colonies. Wrote perhaps the most famous Warrant in Anglo-American Law. The "father of the colonies".

 

John Montagu, 1718-1792 . Fourth Earl of Sandwich. First Lord of the Admiralty, rebuilt the English Navy, but America was lost "on his watch". Villified as the "fall guy" for the loss of the first British empire, he actually may have pulled off a coup with quite a long historical shadow in salvaging as much from the wreck as he did... Invented the "Sandwich"!

 

Edward Montague and the American Revolution. Agent for Virginia (the official representative of the Virginia Assembly to the English government). Ten years with Ben Franklin and the boys... Significant political and legal ground-work for the American revolution.

 

John Montagu/Mountagu, 1719-1795. Admiral. In charge of the British navy in North America during the revolution (he watched the Boston Tea Party take place under his window...).

 

William Montagu, 1720?-1757. Naval Captain, earned the well-deserved moniker "Mad Montagu".

 

Elizabeth Montagu, 1720-1800. Socialite, invented the "blue-stocking" high-society social gathering. Publicized Shakespear internationally. Had an appreciable effect on the evolution of intellectual and scientific culture.

 

Frederick Montagu, 1733-1800. Politician, Lord of the Treasury.

 

George Montagu, 1737-1788. Fourth Duke of Manchester. Advocate of American colonists, leader of the Whigs.

 

Charles Greville Montagu, 1741-1783. Last Colonial Governor of South Carolina. During the American revolution, raised a regiment of captured American prisoners to fight for the British against the Spanish in Central America. After the war settled many of these troops in Nova Scotia.

 

Pierre Francois de Montaigu. Comte (Count) de Montaigu, French ambassador to Venice (1743-1777), Jean-Jacques Rousseau's boss.

 

James Montagu, 1752-1794. Navy Captain, fought in the revolution, in India, against the French, ... in command of the Montagu.

 

Edward Montagu, 1755-1799. Artillery officer in India.

 

Sir George Montagu, 1750-1829. Admiral, fought in the revolution and against Spain and France. Command role in famous action of Howe's Grand Fleet during the Napoleonic wars.

 

George Montagu, 1751-1815. Biologist, one of earliest members of Linnean Society, helped shape the formation of modern biology; one of those that provided the foundation for Darwin, who was quite laudatory of his work...

 

Soldiers of the American Revolution.

 

William Montagu, 1768-1843. Fifth Duke of Manchester. Governor of Jamaica.

 

Basil Montagu, 1770-1851. Son of John Montagu, fourth earl Sandwich and mistress Martha Ray. Developed significant amount of "modern" Bankruptcy Law, first to publish the collected works of Francis Bacon.

 

John Montagu, 1797-1853. Soldier, Colonial Secretary of Tasmania and South Africa. Significant role in forming Australian and South African government.

 

Daniel Montague, 1798-1876. Early American settler in Texas. Soldier and surveyor. President of the Court at the Great Hanging in Gainesville, which executed 42 during the Civil War to destroy a pro-Northern plot; member of the Snively anti-Mexico privateering raid.

  

1800-1900

Algernon Sidney Montagu, 1802-1880. Scandalous "mad Judge" at the ends of the earth (Australia, Falklands, Sierra Leone). Australian Supreme Court justice.

 

Alexander Montague, 1815-1898. Australian pioneer, politician, and a founder of Cooma, NSW.

 

Robert Latane Montague, 1819-1880. President of Virginia Secession Convention, Lt-Governor of Virginia, Confederate Congress Representative. One of the core politicians of the Confederacy.

 

Civil War Soldiers.

 

Samuel Skerry Montague, 1830-1883. Chief Engineer of the Central Pacific Railroad. In charge of building the western half of the first transcontinental railroad; significant role in the modern layout of California and Nevada. Leland Stanford's engineer (of Stanford University fame).

 

William Lewis Montague, 1831-1908. Amherst Linguistics Professor, Registrar, and Family Historian.

 

Samuel Montagu (Montagu Samuel), 1832-1911. International financier and famous Jewish activist.

 

Oliver George Powlett Montagu, 1844-1893. Colonel, British Army, Egyptian campaign.

 

Andrew Philip Montague, 1854-1928. President of 4 colleges, Latin scholar and classicist.

 

George Prescott Montague, 1854-1928. Lawyer before the Supreme Court, businessman, aviation enthusiast.

 

Walter Humphries Montague, 1858-1915. Canadian doctor, Minister of Agriculture and Public Works, Secretary of State.

 

Andrew Jackson Montague, 1862-1937. Progressive Governor of Virginia and 12 term U.S. Congressman.

 

Daniel Montague, 1867-1912. Sailor, Master-At-Arms. Received the Congressional Medal of Honor during the Spanish-American war.

 

Charles Edward Montague, 1867-1928. Famous author, journalist, World War I soldier, poet.

 

Alice Montague, 1869-1929. Mother of the women who caused the only voluntary abdicationof the throne in British history. (A fascinating story - a dirt poor Apallachian childhood, a single-woman alone through war-torn China in the 1920's, a scandalous affair with the King of England...).

 

William Pepperell Montague, 1873-1953 . Influential American philosopher; one of the founder's of the pragmatic "New Realism".

 

Edwin Samuel Montagu, 1879-1924. British Minister of Munitions in 1916, Secretary of State for India (1917-1922), and key participant in drafting the Balfour Declaration.

 

Gilbert Holland Montague, 1880-1961 . Pro-business antitrust lawyer and economist, book collector; FDR's economics instructor. Involved (adversarily) at the top levels in the formation of FDR's New Deal. A relative of Emily Dickinson, he maintained an extensive collection of her correspondence.

 

Percival John Montague, 1882-1966 . Canadian soldier and judge, chief of staff and judge advocate general of Canadian army overseas during WWII.

The mysteries re-enacted in a ritual setting the capture or abduction of Persephone by Hades, God of the Dead, and her subsequent dwelling in the underworld.

Through dramatic re-creations, the initiates learned about the terrifying aspects of the underworld, and realized the importance of living a virtuous life in hopes of an improved or eternal afterlife.

In one sense the underworld is the 'world of matter' in which the soul is born on earth.

Psyche, the soul within, is characterized as Persephone, a maiden in the spiritual realms, undefiled by matter.

 

Adapted and published - with permission - from an original image by Peter Crawford (see: thebooksoffoundation.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/blog-post.html)

 

for the full story go to:

storyofgracchus2017.blogspot.com/2018/03/the-elusian-myst...

 

Do you finding digital marketing company India? see this video you will get more details visit us @ Virtuous Studio

The Virtuous Pagans

Letterpress

19cmx14cm

1990

The majority of young Mormons who depart on missions do so because they have experienced a great degree of joy in keeping the commandments and principles which God has established for the progression of all His children. These youth have maintained clean and virtuous lives, free from immorality, drugs, dishonesty, and all the other vices that have such an impact on their worldly peers. Besides abstaining from that which is physically and spiritually harmful, Mormon missionaries have developed good habits of faith, earnest and frequent prayer, scripture study, paying tithing and fast offerings, Sabbath observance, visiting holy temples, and doing acts of kindness and service for their families and others. In all, they have striven to gain and maintain an intimate relationship with the Holy Ghost, who has helped them in the face of trials and temptations and who has borne strong witness to them of the divine and central role of Jesus Christ in God’s plan of happiness. They have gained a powerful testimony of Mormonism as the modern vehical of Christ’s gospel.

 

Source: Mormon Olympians

Available in Maitreya, Slink phyisque and HG, Belleza Freya and Venus, Tonic, Tonic Curvy, Ocacin, Fitted SML

Book of Buns VIrtuous Bread Jane Mason

c1570 Man with his 2 shrouded wives, their inscription lost or removed deliberately++

Their gravestone has been reused with the inscription :

"Here lieth interred ye body of Anne ye late virtuous and pious wife of Clere Talbot, Doctor of Lawe, ye eldest daughter of William Harbourne of Mundham esq who died ye 18th day of December 1649 leaving 8 daughter & coheirs by William Sydnor of Blundeston esq her former husband"

The arms of Talbot and Harbourne are above the figures.

Anne was the eldest daughter of William Harborne 1617 of Mundham by Elizabeth Drury 1624. Her father left her husband 40 shillings and Anne a great white silver bowl that he had purposely set out for her, her mother left her "a ring of the price of 10 shillings*."

 

She m1 (with £300) William Sydnor 1632 son of Elizabeth Reade and Henry Sidnor sonne and grandson & heir of William Sidnor 1614 of Blundeston flic.kr/p/zh8UfH where he is buried (In addition to Blundeston manor he inherited property in Conisfor, Belton , Henstead , Benacre , Langley's (pightells), Wrentham, Fritton, Sotterley and Bridroffe)

Children with William Sydnor - 8 under age daughters alive at the death of their father in 1632 whose wardship was granted to Anthony Berry / Bury for a fine of 200 marks who passed their wardships to Clere Talbot (their grandmother Elizabeth Drury left 40 shillings to them )

1. Elizabeth Sydnor b1621 m1 Thomas Fuller (m2 W Donne?)

2. Anne 1623-1665 flic.kr/p/vfFK8W m Glover Denny 1695 flic.kr/p/ukYALC

3. Sarah 1625-1664/5 m 1655 William Castleton of Stuston & Thurlton

4. Mary b1626 m John KItchingman son of John Kitchingman & Frances Talbot (?):

5. Hester b1628 m Robert Willingham of Dunston

6. Susan b1629 m Charles Barnwell

7. Abigail b1630 m Robert Manley

8. Lydia b1631 m William Avery

(In 1651 these daughters conveyed Blundeston and Fritton manors to William Heveningham & his heirs for ever ).

 

Widower Clere Talbot m2 Margaret Buxton

Clere died in 1654

www.sydnor.org/eighth_generation.htm

++( Mill Stephenson, in "Monumental Brasses in the British Isles" (1926) says that "the brass is usually assigned to Clere Talbot, LL.D. and his 2 wives. Mr. Toke says: "It is clear that the inscription (on the slab) has nothing to do with the brasses, which are of a much earlier date, probably about 1570. The stone appears to have been utilised for the inscription to Dr. Talbot's wife without any attempt being made to remove the brasses. Haines ('Manual of Monumental Brasses,' 1861 says that the brass is probably a palimpsest, and he is almost certainly right, judging by the unutilised space round the head of the male figure."' ) - Church of St Remigius Dunston Norfolk

Book of Buns VIrtuous Bread Jane Mason

Vincent Liem was born in 1732 in the village of Thon Dong, village of Tra Lu, Catholic parish of Phu Nhai. This place is referred to by the historical documents of Viet Nam as the area where the preaching of Christianity first took place in Viet Nam, in the year 1533 during the dynasty of King Le Trang Ton.

 

Liem's father, Mr. Anthony Doan, was a dignitary of his rural region; his mother, Mrs. Mary Doan, was like his Father in the sense that both of them were pious, virtuous Christians who were always dedicated to educating their good children and fulfilling their duties.

 

GOING ABROAD FOR STUDYING

 

Upon turning twelve years old, Vincent Liem was admitted into the House of God in Luc Thuy. He was a bright, wise and religious seminarian. Three years later he was chosen and sent to Manila (Capital of the Philippines) to continue his studies in the high school of St. John and college of St. Thomas, which were administered by the Dominican Fathers. While studying suứects concerning temporal matters and secular life, Vincent Liem prepared himself to join the Order of St. Dominic. He was accepted to wear the habit of that Order on September 8, 1753 when he was 21 years of age.

 

After one year in the novitiate, he pronounced three vows and accepted a religious name "Vincent of Peace". After that, Brother Liem tried very hard to study philosophy, theology and other specialized suứects for his priesthood preparation.

 

RETURNING TO HIS HOMELAND

 

In 1758, a year full of unforgettable memories for Vincent of Peace, he was ordained a priest, and prepared to go back to his homeland. On January 20, 1759, he came back to Annam and shed copious tears of joy upon seeing his relatives, loved ones and dear Christians. They welcomed him with the respect reserved for an elite priest who came back home from a foreign country after finishing his specialized studies there.

 

After a period of time teaching at the seminary of Trung Linh, Father Vincent Liem was sent to preach the Gospel in the areas of Quat Lam, Trung Lao, Luc Thuy, Trung Le. He was appreciated by all the people, for he served them with all his capabilities without minding about the dangers and difficulties.

His two letters during that period are still kept in the archives. In them, Father Vincent related one of the remarkable victories of the Christian Church of Vietnam: The sixth Prince, a young brother of the Lord Trinh Doanh (1740-1767) of Tonkin (North Vietnam) had converted to the Catholic faith and received Baptism before dying peacefully and happily.

Father Liem also reported much information concerning the Church of Tonkin, particularly the persecution that our Christians had to cope with their trial to maintain their holy faith, as well as the perils he himself had to confront during the course of his preaching.

 

By 1767, in the dynasty of King Canh Hung, Lord Trinh Sam had put to death a Buddhist monk for having committed a minor offense against the laws of that kingdom. Therefore, in order to avoid the wide-spread rumors among the people that he had protected Christianity and persecuted Buddhists, the Lord immediately ordered that all the priests and believers of Christianity be imprisoned. However, that persecution could not discourage brave Christian apostles.

 

On October 2, 1733, Father Vincent Liem was arrested while he was preaching the Gospel in Luong Dong. He was taken to the province of Hung Yen and kept prisoner there. In the penitentiary he met a Spanish priest who was called Father Hyacinth Gia, who had been confined there several months prior.

 

THE CONFERENCE OF FOUR RELIGIONS

 

At that time, a famous conference called the "Conference of Four Religions" took place in the capital and made a remarkable mark in the history of the religions of Vietnam. Its purpose was written in a booklet which was entitled "The Conference of the Great Masters of Four Religions" and was re-edited many times in Tonkin and Cochichina.

The booklet recounted that in the time of the dynasty of King Canh Hung, Lord Trinh Sam had captured two priests of the Christian religion, one of whom was a European and the other a native. At that time there was an important and high-ranked mandarin in the royal court who was the uncle of the Lord and had a Christian mother who was called "Great Lady Tram", even though he himself was a pagan. This Great Lady Tram was born in the province of Hai Duong. She was very pious and used to advise her son, that high ranked mandarin, to convert to the Christian faith. However, the mandarin was in a dilemma and did not know whether or not he should accept the advice of his mother or implement the order of persecution of Lord Trinh Sam. He got an idea to summon the representatives of four religions for a conference: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Christianity.

 

In order to act out his plan, he invited a Confucian, a Buddhist monk, a Taoist witch and two Christian priests, who were being imprisoned in the capital city, to his palace.

 

The debate between religions occurred in his presence.

He declared the opening of the conference and expressed the ideas of his heart and mind. He said that he had heard of several religions very often and did not know which one he should choose and believe in; therefore, he had those religious leaders summoned for a conference and debate on the suứects of the laws, purposes, doctrines and philosophy of each religion so that he could make up his mind and decide.

 

After presenting their primary opinions, the two representatives of Christianity suggested some topics for the debate as follows: Who created human beings? For what purpose are we, as human beings, living this life and what must we do? Where will we be after death? All the representatives of the other religions accepted this suggestion. The high mandarin determined that each of those questions should be discussed with full details for a whole day, so that he could understand the plain truth and learn which religion was right. The conference lasted for three consecutive days.

 

The booklet "The Conference of the Masters of Four Religions" does not refer to the names of the two Christian priests, but they were believed to be Father Gia (Casteneda) and Father Vincent Liem, according to tradition and the opinion of many other authors.

 

THE GLORIOUS REWARDS

 

The mandarin mentioned above appreciated highly the reasons and truths that the two representatives of Christianity pointed out to him and to all present. However, his nephew, Lord Trinh Sam, was very different from him, and decided to terminate the fates and lives of the two Christian priests. Being urged by his mother, who was an iniquitous woman, hostile to the Christians, Lord Trinh Sam wrote a death sentence for both of the Catholic preachers.

 

On October 7, 1773 Father Vincent Liem, along with Father Casteneda, shed his blood for the cause of God after fifteen years of service in the priesthood.

  

Image © Susan Candelario / SDC Photography, All Rights Reserved. The image is protected by U.S. and International copyright laws, and is not to be downloaded or reproduced in any way without written permission.

 

If you would like to license this image for any purpose, please visit my site and contact me with any questions you may have. Please visit Susan Candelario artists website to purchase Prints Thank You.

Update : New relic( Ex Ossibus) of Saint Lawrence Ngon , farmer martyr in VietNam.

The vigor of faith

At the age of twenty-two, the main concern of Saint Lawrence Ngon during the time he was imprisoned for his beliefs was his loving young wife and his aged parents in need of someone to care for them in old age. However, just as in the story of many other Vietnamese martyrs, the spiritual and emotional support of generous relatives became a very important factor. Mr. Ngon's family agreed to let him go back to prison after he had escaped to visit them. Even his mother and his virtuous wife, whom he dearly loved, were present at his execution to encourage him. Once again, we had the chance to witness the vigor of faith: more powerful than cruel oppression, stronger than the fear of losing loved ones, and even mightier than death.

Prudence vs. imprudence

Lawrence Ngon was born in 1840 into a devout family of Luc-Thuy Parish, Giao-Thuy County, Nam-Dinh Province, a long-established parish in the Diocese of Trung. His parents were Dominic and Mary Thao. He married and was an exemplary husband and father. Once when he was arrested and forced to renounce his religion, he had to bribe the officials to gain his freedom. This was probably due to a great love for his family and his inability to be unfaithful to God.

The religious persecution under King Tu-Duc became more and more intense every day. The last imperial decree issued on August 5, 1861 prohibiting the practice of Christianity caused great suffering and sorrow to many innocent people. This decree also led to the complete destruction or confiscation of the whole infrastructure of the Church in Viet-Nam. Almost all of the property and farm lands of the faithful had been either burned, destroyed, or confiscated and given to the non-believers. Two words were tattooed on the cheek of believers: "bad religion." Every believer was kept under the control and surveillance of five non-believers. Priests and religious were arrested; most of them either died in prison or were martyred. A number of them were able to escape into the jungles where they gradually died either of hunger or of disease. In the history of the whole Church, there was rarely any persecution so meticulous and cruel.

During this highest point of the persecution, Lawrence Ngon was arrested the second time on September 8, 1861, and was transferred to Xuan-Truong County, Nam-Dinh Province. Worrying about his family, he escaped from prison to visit his parents and family in order to assure them and to encourage them to persevere in their faith, and then came back to prison. The officials ordered him to be put in yoke and transferred to the prison at An-Xa in the County of Dong-Quan.

In prison, Mr. Ngon endured disgrace and many hardships for the sake of the Holy Name of Christ. Yet, he still considered that not enough; he abstained from food three times a week and repented every time he thought about the faults he had committed in the past. Furthermore, Mr. Ngon always comforted and encouraged other prisoners to endure all hardships and to avoid offending God. His words were often repeated by his fellow prisoners:

"We have to be steadfast, even in case of painful and cruel tortures. We have to fear even thinking about committing the offense of stepping on the cross."

Once, the imperial judge called him in to persuade him saying, "As young as you are, why are you so foolish and ready to accept death? Just step on the cross, and you will be free to go back to your family."

Mr. Ngon replied:

"I hold to my religion worshipping God, the Lord of Heaven and Earth. The cross was used by God to save mankind, and thus I can only venerate it but will never trample upon it. If your honor lets me live, I will be grateful. Otherwise, I am willing to accept death for the faith in my God."

At another interrogation amid tortures, when the soldiers tried to force him to trample the cross, he prostrated himself instead and respectfully paid homage to the cross. That proud expression of his faith made the officials so angry that they sentenced him to death by beheading.

Eternal glory

Eight and a half months after his capture, the faithful servant Lawrence Ngon had the honor of shedding his blood to glorify the Holy Name of the One Who had given up His own life for him and all mankind. In the presence of two of his most loving relatives, his mother and his virtuous wife, Mr. Ngon proudly walked to the execution ground at An-Triem, Nam-Dinh, to receive the grace of martyrdom on May 22, 1862.

"The godless say to themselves:

‘Let us lie in wait for the virtuous man, since he annoys us

and opposes our way of life,

reproaches us for our breaches of the law

and accuses us of playing false to our upbringing.

‘Let us see if what he says is true,

let us observe what kind of end he himself will have.

If the virtuous man is God’s son, God will take his part

and rescue him from the clutches of his enemies.

Let us test him with cruelty and with torture,

and thus explore this gentleness of his

and put his endurance to the proof.

Let us condemn him to a shameful death

since he will be looked after – we have his word for it.’"

 

– Wisdom 2:12. 17-20, which is today's First Reading at Mass. My sermon for today can be read here.

 

These 16th-century stained glass windows are in Fairford Parish Church in Gloucestershire.

Season's Greetings to all my Flickr friends!

  

The goat dance appears in the habit of the New Year's Eve as a symbol of fertility and fecundity, connecting the Romanian territory to the Greek antiquity and to the Oriental civilizations.

 

Watching today the play of the Goat mask, in every area of the country, you'll recognize in the virtuous pantomime of the mask bearer, in the vitality of his movements but also in the death and rebirth of the Goat, the ancient symbol of vegetation. The goat dance is a frantic dance, which is executed for hundred of years in every carolled house.

Everything is extremely glittering and fascinating, reflecting the light and the relegation of the dark and the cold, which destroyed the vegetation. The body of the Goat is made of textile (carpets, red sail) on which other decorative elements are sewed.

 

A noisy children group accompanies the mask together with the country singers who accompany the goat dance. The goat jumps, jerks, turns round, and bends, clattering regularly the wooden jaws offering a remarkable authentic show.

 

© Ioan C. Bacivarov

All the photos on this gallery are protected by copyright and they are not for being used on any site, blog or forum without the explicit permission from the author, Ioan Bacivarov. Thank you in advance

Please view my most interesting photos on flickriver stream: www.flickriver.com/photos/ioan_bacivarov/

 

On Sale Inworld, or Free for group members

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Virtuous/67/180/24

IMF economists Tao Sun, Parma Bains, and and Akihiko Yoshida, Deputy Director General for International Bureau, Ministry of Finance of Japan, participate in a Capacity Development Talk moderated by Eva-Maria Graf titled Digital Money: Building Capacity for a Virtuous Circle at the International Monetary Fund.

 

IMF Photo/Cory Hancock

11 April 2022

Washington, DC, United States

Photo ref: CH220411012.arw

 

Book of Buns VIrtuous Bread Jane Mason

Built in 1902, Sacred Heart Catholic Church overlooks the township of Yea from its uppermost point along one of Yea’s premier boulevards; The Parade.

 

Sacred Heart Catholic Church is a fine classical example of a Victorian Academic Gothic church. Gothic architecture was perceived by the pious Victorians as an expression of religious, and therefore, moral values. Its revival was thus seen as virtuous and equated with moral revival. For this reason an ecclesiastical character was predominant. As befits such architecture, Sacred Heart is a smart red brick church with elegant lines which demonstrates the excellent stone masonry of the builders. It was built for the princely sum of £2,369.00, a considerable amount more than the £600.00 it cost to build its neighbor, St Luke’s Anglican Church. The current red brick Sacred Heart Church replaced the original 1890 timber church building. It was built by the Reverend Patrick O’Reilly and was blessed an opened by the Most Reverent Thomas Joseph Carr (1839-1917) on the 26th of October 1902. It features a steeply pitched roof of slate tiles and plainly fashioned walls that are decorated with stone detailing. It features common qualities of Victorian Academic Gothic architecture including a parapeted gable, wall buttresses with stone capping marking structural bays, and lancet stained glass windows with elegant tracery around them.

 

Yea is a small country town located 109 kilometres (68 miles) north-east of Melbourne in rural Victoria. The first settlers in the district were overlanders from New South Wales, who arrived in 1837. By 1839, settlements and farms dotted the area along the Goulburn River. The town was surveyed and laid out in 1855 and named after Colonel Lacy Walter Yea (1808 – 1855); a British Army colonel killed that year in the Crimean War. Town lots went on sale at Kilmore the following year. Settlement followed and the Post Office opened on 15 January 1858. The town site was initially known to pioneer settlers as the Muddy Creek settlement for the Yea River, called Muddy Creek until 1878. When gold was discovered in the area in 1859 a number of smaller mining settlements came into existence, including Molesworth. Yea expanded into a township under the influx of hopeful prospectors, with the addition of several housing areas, an Anglican church (erected in 1869) and a population of 250 when it formally became a shire in 1873. Yea was promoted as something of a tourist centre in the 1890s with trout being released into King Parrot Creek to attract recreational anglers. A post office was built in 1890, followed by a grandstand and a butter factory (now cheese factory) in 1891. There was a proposal in 1908 to submerge the town under the Trawool Water Scheme but it never went ahead. Today Yea is a popular stopping point for tourists on their way from Melbourne to the Victorian snow fields and Lake Eildon, and is very popular with cyclists who traverse the old railway line, which has since been converted into a cycling trail.

  

...to be the saddle on a bike. That's right, my love ...you make yourself comfy up on that seat. All that cycling'll keep you fit and make you look pretty for us. A big cycling nation, the Belgians. The Dutch predilection for the bicycle is usually attributed to the flatness of their terrain. I don't know whether this is true or just a bit of cod ethnography. Certainly the Belgians, whose country is quite hilly in places, are not far behind and, in my limited experience, the situation is much the same in conterminous parts of Germany.

Note that the lady in the photo wears her ordinary clothes and that the bicycle itself does not aspire to be a kind of pedal-powered Maserati. Dodging them is all part of the fun of a short visit, but I must say I'm rather glad that cycling is not so much a universal practice in England as on the near continent. The problem is not with bicycles, but with the English. In England cycling has become a marriage of moral superiority and egotism, not an attractive combination in any man ...and I'm afraid the more fetishistic kind of cycling is now a largely testosterone-related phenomenon. Nothing makes me tremble more than one of those chaps in early middle age ...probably an administrator in social services... who expects us all to defer to him as he weaves through the traffic in defiance of traffic lights in an attempt to exceed his "personal best" (the record that anyone can break) to the office. It's all there in the virtuous, bearded, encrimsoned countenance under the helmet, and the steely glint of the spectacle frames ...the fool's assent to the delusions of his time.

The film here, by the way, is Ilford Pan 400. I'd never heard of it until I stumbled upon it at the website of an online supplier of photographic wares. I suppose someone must be buying it, otherwise Ilford would have discontinued it long ago; but, as a 400ASA black & white film it duplicates Delta 400 and HP5+. Seems perfectly OK, but I'm not sure how it differs, or what its advantages are, over other 400ASA films.

Judith Leyster, Haarlem 1609 - Heemstede 1660

Man offering money to a woman/The Proposition (1631)

Mauritshuis, Den Haag / The Hague

 

This painting is by one of the few women painters of the seventeenth century: Judith Leyster. By the light of an oil lamp, a young woman is bowed over her needlework, with her feet on a foot warmer. A man is trying to attract her attention with a handful of coins – he wants to buy her love. But the woman does not respond to his offer, and works on undisturbed. She is a model of virtuousness.

Accession Number: 1957.375

Display Artist: Utagawa Kuniyoshi

Display Title: Tokiwa and her children escaping in the snow

Translation(s): Tokiwa Gosen

Series Title: Lives of Wise and Virtuous Women

Suite Name: Kenjo reppuden

Creation Date: 1841-1842

Medium: Woodblock

Height: 13 3/4 in.

Width: 9 7/8 in.

Display Dimensions: 13 3/4 in. x 9 7/8 in. (34.93 cm x 25.08 cm)

Publisher: Ibaya Senzaburo

Credit Line: Bequest of Mrs. Cora Timken Burnett

Label Copy: "During the civil conflict of 1159, known as the Heiji Rebellion, the father of Yoshitsunewho was to grow into one of Japans most celebrated samurai heroeswas killed. In the wake of this tragedy, the boys mother escaped with him and his two brothers to the mountains in the midst of a snowstorm. In this heartrending scene, the artist Kuniyoshi conveys the womans strength and maternal tenderness as she leans against the wind. The tiny shoes of the toddlers she protects are visible under her cloak. One of the boys would grow to become the founder of the Kamakura Shogunate; and the other, Yoshitsune, would famously defend the honor of the Minamoto clan."

Label Copy (Spanish): "Durante el conflicto civil de 1159 conocido como la Rebelin Heiji, fue asesinado el padre de Yoshitune, quien sera uno de los hroes samuris ms famosos. Siguiendo esta tragedia, la madre del nio escap con l y sus dos hermanos hacia las montaas en medio de una nevada.En esta escena desgarradora, el artista Kuniyoshi transmite la fuerza de la mujer y su ternura maternal mientras se inclina contra el viento. Los pequeos zapatos de los nios que protege pueden verse bajo su capa. Uno de los nios se convertira en el fundador del Shogunato de Kamakura y el otro, Yoshitune, famosamente defendera el honor del clan de Minamoto. "

Collection: The San Diego Museum of Art

Book of Buns VIrtuous Bread Jane Mason

The Remembrance Service in St Macartin’s Cathedral, Enniskillen, was one of the main commemorations in Northern Ireland with five governments represented including the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office, Mr Robin Walker MP, representing the United Kingdom Government; the First Minister of Northern Ireland, the Rt Hon Arlene Foster MLA; An Taoiseach, Mr Micheál Martin TD, representing the Irish Government; Mr Bryan Wockley, Deputy US Consul General, and Mr Jerome Mullen, Honorary Consul of the Republic of Poland.

 

The service arranged by the Parish of Enniskillen in conjunction with the Royal British Legion’s Enniskillen Branch, was conducted by the Dean of Clogher, the Very Revd Kenneth Hall, and the preacher was the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All–Ireland, the Most Revd John McDowell.

 

The numbers attending had to be greatly curtailed due to the Covid–19 restrictions.

 

The lessons were read by Her Majesty’s Lord Lieutenant for Fermanagh, Viscount Brookeborough KG, and Mr Scott Elliott, BTh.

 

The Act of Remembrance was led by Lt Col Mark Scott (retired) DL, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, and the Last Post and Reveille were sounded by bugler, Mr Warren Kerr, a member of Ballyreagh Silver Band. The Piper’s Lament was played by Pipe Major Gordon McKeown, 4 UDR Association.

 

The prayers were led by Monsignor Peter O’Reilly from St. Michael’s Roman Catholic Church.

 

The hymns sung by the socially distanced choir in the gallery and accompanied by organist, Mr. Glenn Moore were ‘Praise, my soul, the King of Heaven’, ‘I vow to thee, my country, all earthly things above’, ‘Lord, while for all the world we pray’, and ‘Be thou my vision, O Lord of my heart’.

 

The full text of Archbishop John McDowell’s sermon is as follows:

 

Go raibh na foclaí uilig a deirim libh in anim Dia bheo, an t–Athair, a Mac agus an Spiorad Naomh. Áiméan.

 

May all the words that I say to you be in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

 

My father nearly always began a story about the past or about a family event with the words “Do you mind the time…”

 

November is a month of remembering. Of minding the time.

 

It opens with All Saints Day when we remember all those who, in the words of the Collect for that day, God has “knit together in one body” and we ask for grace to follow their example “in all virtuous and godly living”. Very often All Saints is also a time when parishes name and remember everyone who has died in that parish in the year just past. “Minding the time” they were alive, and reminding the community of faith that, although they are out of sight, they are not out of mind or out of communion with us. We are “knit together” with them.

 

Then comes today, Remembrance Sunday when we give thanks to God for the sacrifice of all those who died as a result of war. On this day we all say together (as we have just done) “We will remember them”. There is no one alive today who actually knew someone who died in the First World War, so we’re not remembering them in the sense of “do you mind the time…” We are calling to mind what their sacrifices achieved and reminding ourselves that a good deal of what we enjoy today is not of our own making. We have inherited it from others; it is not a time for boasting but for humility and gratitude.

 

But most, if not all of us, do remember someone who lived through those times. In my own case my grandfather, a private soldier in the Royal Irish Rifles; one of those professional soldiers in Lord French’s British Expeditionary Force which the Kaiser called “…a contemptible little army…” and although he was, in many ways, disillusioned by the War, he remained proud of being an “Old Contemptible”.

 

And of course the Second World War, which really was a war for civilisation and probably the most morally unambiguous war in the history of Europe; a fight for the soul of Europe. Except in the case of the Soviet Union, it wasn’t as costly in terms of military deaths as the Great War but was far more so for civilians. But today we don’t only remember the defeat of Fascism and a strange, revived form of autocracy in Japan, great as they were. We remember also in this country the rebuilding of post war society, by that same generation. A rebuilding along very different lines to the society that had gone before. And at its heart, as it still is, the National Health Service and Welfare State, and the multilateralism which underpinned a remarkably durable peace.

 

During the First World War a British Army chaplain, the Revd David Railton noticed a rough wooden cross over a grave. On it, scrawled in pencil were the words “An unknown British Soldier. The chaplain suggested that a memorial to the unnamed dead might be erected in Britain and in France. So, 100 ago, in 1920, for the first time ever, the body of a unknown soldier whose remains were found in Flanders were laid to rest underneath Belgian granite in Westminster Abbey. Official recognition of the value of every single human life.

 

This year Remembrance Day services and other ceremonies are on a very reduced scale and as we sit here today we may well be remembering the same service or ceremony this time last year with the sound of marching feet and loud, moving hymns and hoping we can do so again next year.

 

But quietness has its part to play in these events also, and the minute’s silence was no less moving today than in other years. In the Apocalypse when the Lamb who sits on the throne breaks the seventh seal there is a great pause of silence in heaven before the judgement begins.

 

And in this place it is impossible not to say “do you mind this day exactly 33 years ago” as we remember the victims and families of the Enniskillen Bombing, a barbaric act in any context and beyond the power of language to describe. Thirty–three years ago to the day when 11 people, everyone involved intimately in the life of their church and of this community, were murdered, as though they counted for nothing. Dozens of people injured. Hundreds left weeping with sorrow. Many still to this day with a hollowness in their lives which might be worked around but will never be absent. The legacy of our past, apparently a weary maze of such complexity that we have yet to find the path out towards healing and justice.

 

It is easy to call it a political failure but in truth it is as a whole society that we have somehow not been able to rise to the challenges which events like Enniskillen have required us to face. Please God some day we will.

 

This year I think we might also consider remembering all those people who have been taken from us by Covid–19 and their families, especially those who weren’t able to be with their loved ones as they moved entirely into the eternal world. That is very hard on people and it isn’t something that can be shrugged off. And I’m sure such families would also want us to remember and give thanks for those who were with their loved ones during their last hours, usually nursing staff. This pandemic has been much much harder for some than for many of us. Let’s not forget that.

 

When we remember, when we say, “Do you mind the time…” we also in some way take part. There is a special word in the church for that sort of remembering (anamnesis ) and it is used most often of the “remembering” element of the Holy Communion. “This do in remembrance of me”. It’s principal focus is on Christ’s “one, true, pure, immortal” sacrifice but in our modern services it stretches back to remembering the whole of creation when “he made us in his own image”. And so like that World War One chaplain we remember the value of every life.

 

But there is one sort of remembering which we haven’t considered so far, but which is frequently referred to in the Scriptures. And it is more powerful than all our human remembering.

 

“And God remembered…”

 

“And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Issac and with Jacob”. Of course it isn’t as though it had slipped from God’s mind and had just occurred to him again. It seemed to Israel often that God had forgotten them and they had to be reassured that he hadn’t. In fact usually it was the opposite which was true. Israel had forgotten God or was hiding from him.

 

And in those stories, when God is said to have remembered, he acted to redeem Israel. Nearly always he used natural phenomena or inspired specific people to come to the aid of his stricken people, just as now he inspires scientists and medical staff.

 

As it turned out the First World War wasn’t the war to end all wars. We know that the struggle between good and evil drags on but that the evil world will not win in the end because in the death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ it failed to win the only time it ever could. That in the Cross of the Son of God all the wickedness and sin of the world lost its chief weapon, death, which became the way to eternal life for millions in the Great War who we remember today, and for countless millions (a great multitude that no man can number) before and since. For His sacrifice and for theirs, thanks be to God.

 

I will finish with some words from the reading from Joshua, words addressed at that time to the new leader of Israel. In one sense they are words of conquest that sit much more uneasily with us today. But as they are looked at in the Spirit of Jesus Christ ( who took all of the cultural markers which had obsessed Israel; the law, the land, the Temple) and put them into a proper relationship to the universal and indefeasible love of God for all peoples, they remain God’s words to us. And today they can be heard by all in political leadership who are facing challenges which none of us onlookers can fully appreciate. Politicians who are trying to find a way to squeeze through the narrow gap between saving our lives and living our lives, an almost impossible task, given that “the facts” shift like a reef of sand.

 

And they can be heard too by those who have had heavy hearts for the past 33 years and also by those who are haunted by the face of someone they loved and whose hand they would have given their own life to hold as they slipped into the eternal world in hospital or in a Care Home.

 

These are the Father’s words to you:

 

“Be strong and be courageous. Do not be afraid, Do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go”

 

So, in this month of remembering, remember he too remembers us.

München, Alte Pinakothek

Being a portmanteau of "some" and "more," as in, "Can we please have s'more?"

 

A traditional Amurican dessert, made from toasted marshmallows, Hershey bars (a waxy chocolate-like substance) and Graham crackers. The last is a local thing, having been invented about half a mile from here. They were once thought to extinguish the flames of concupiscence. (Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no s'mores and ale?)

‘Dame CATHARINE late wife of Sir DRUE DRURYE, gentleman usher of ye privy chamber of our soveraign ladye Queen Elizabeth. Daughter and sole Heire of William FINCHE of ye parishe Esquire. She deceased ye 13 Daye of September 1601 in ye 45 yeere of Hir age’.

‘If virtuous rage of oldiscene, If worthye matche commende,

If modeste life, If children sweete, If meeke and Godlye ende,

Then she whoe lyeth enterred heere, Was sure and happye wighe

Whoe with these golden graces all, And many more was dighe,

Cease then to mourne for hir you frends Whose vertues rare were founde

Hir soule in blisse doth raigne in Heaven, Though bodye rott in grounde’.

Sir Drue Drury and his second wife Catherine Finche She died 1601. monument erected at her death.

Children

1. Elizabeth m1 (2nd wife) Sir Thomas Wingfield son of Sir Robert Wingfield of Letheringham (d 1609) www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14300836067/ widower of Radcliff Gerrard www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14005154053/ m2 Henry Reynold of Belstead

2. Ann www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14450695084/ m Sir John Deane of Great Maplestead www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14428597446/

3. Frances m Sir Robert Botiler of Wotton

4. Drue Drury, 1st Bart of Riddlesworth (1588-1632) m Anne daughter of Edward Waldegrave of Canfield

‘.Drue was the son of Sir Robert Drury and Elizabeth daughter of Edmund Brudenell,

His brother was Sir William Drury,Lord Justice governor of Ireland in 1576 who married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Lord Wentworth,

Drue had m1 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Phillip Calthorpe and Amata Boleyn (aunt of Queen Ann Boleyn)

Drue's grandparents were Sir Robert Drury Sr. (1463-1536) Privy Councilor to King Henry VII and Speaker of the House of Commons and Anne www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/4258436115/ daughter of Sir William Calthorpe and Elizabeth Stapeleton.

Elizabeth Stapleton (1442-1505) was the daughter of Sir Miles Stapleton and Catherine de la Pole.

Catherine de la Pole was the daughter of Sir Thomas de la Pole and Ann Cheney.

Sir Thomas de la Pole was the son of Michael de la Pole1410 and Katherine Stafford www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/536984151/

 

Sir Drue Drury, Gentleman Usher of ye privie chamber of our most gracious soveraigne ladye Queene Elizabeth. In 1559 Dru and his brother William, a soldier, were sent to the Tower for several months charged with the attempted murder of Robert Dudley the Queens favourite who was rumoured at the time to be in line to marry the Queen. Whether there was any substance in the accusation is not clear because it was Dudley himself who later secured their release. (Elizabeth the Queen by Alison Weir)

Sir Drue Drurye was one of the Commissioners of Elizabeth I who was responsible for the conveyance to Fotheringhay Castle of the warrant for the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. It is understood that he was also a witness to the signature on this warrant. As assistant to Paulet he co-signed an anguished letter to Elizabeth when it was intimated that Paulet should quietly "do away" with Mary to save Elizabeth from having to go through with her execution. Paulet wrote the letter adding my assistant" subscribes in his heart to my opinion"

 

Sir Drue m1 (3rd husband) Elizabeth d1578 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/8qn3C1 daughter of Sir Phillip Calthorpe and Amata Boleyn (aunt of Queen Ann Boleyn) widow of Sir Henry Parker & Sir William Woodhouse who brought him the manor of Riddlesworth, but gave him no children.

 

He m2 Catherine, daughter of William Finch of Lynsted who shares this tomb - he has a also has a monument at Riddlesworth www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/4381923692/

  

The top of this memorial has 2 coats of arms, one to the Drury family above which is the second which bears in part the boars of the Hugessen/ impaling Brockman belonging to William Hugessen, son of James, who married Margery Brockman, the record of which appears on the large memorial against the east wall of the chapel. The church was bombed during the war and the monuments affected, the coat of arms could well have been replaced wrongly then.

 

Built in 1902, Sacred Heart Catholic Church overlooks the township of Yea from its uppermost point along one of Yea’s premier boulevards; The Parade.

 

Sacred Heart Catholic Church is a fine classical example of a Victorian Academic Gothic church. Gothic architecture was perceived by the pious Victorians as an expression of religious, and therefore, moral values. Its revival was thus seen as virtuous and equated with moral revival. For this reason an ecclesiastical character was predominant. As befits such architecture, Sacred Heart is a smart red brick church with elegant lines which demonstrates the excellent stone masonry of the builders. It was built for the princely sum of £2,369.00, a considerable amount more than the £600.00 it cost to build its neighbor, St Luke’s Anglican Church. The current red brick Sacred Heart Church replaced the original 1890 timber church building. It was built by the Reverend Patrick O’Reilly and was blessed an opened by the Most Reverent Thomas Joseph Carr (1839-1917) on the 26th of October 1902. It features a steeply pitched roof of slate tiles and plainly fashioned walls that are decorated with stone detailing. It features common qualities of Victorian Academic Gothic architecture including a parapeted gable, wall buttresses with stone capping marking structural bays, and lancet stained glass windows with elegant tracery around them.

 

Yea is a small country town located 109 kilometres (68 miles) north-east of Melbourne in rural Victoria. The first settlers in the district were overlanders from New South Wales, who arrived in 1837. By 1839, settlements and farms dotted the area along the Goulburn River. The town was surveyed and laid out in 1855 and named after Colonel Lacy Walter Yea (1808 – 1855); a British Army colonel killed that year in the Crimean War. Town lots went on sale at Kilmore the following year. Settlement followed and the Post Office opened on 15 January 1858. The town site was initially known to pioneer settlers as the Muddy Creek settlement for the Yea River, called Muddy Creek until 1878. When gold was discovered in the area in 1859 a number of smaller mining settlements came into existence, including Molesworth. Yea expanded into a township under the influx of hopeful prospectors, with the addition of several housing areas, an Anglican church (erected in 1869) and a population of 250 when it formally became a shire in 1873. Yea was promoted as something of a tourist centre in the 1890s with trout being released into King Parrot Creek to attract recreational anglers. A post office was built in 1890, followed by a grandstand and a butter factory (now cheese factory) in 1891. There was a proposal in 1908 to submerge the town under the Trawool Water Scheme but it never went ahead. Today Yea is a popular stopping point for tourists on their way from Melbourne to the Victorian snow fields and Lake Eildon, and is very popular with cyclists who traverse the old railway line, which has since been converted into a cycling trail.

  

I've been preoccupied with domestic chores today and as a result I feel virtuous but rather uninspired ... so to change that, for the Pretty Pink Tuesday theme: Hint of Pink ... a corset belonging to Barbie, who turned 50 this month.

 

HPPT!

  

IMF economists Tao Sun, Parma Bains, and and Akihiko Yoshida, Deputy Director General for International Bureau, Ministry of Finance of Japan, participate in a Capacity Development Talk moderated by Eva-Maria Graf titled Digital Money: Building Capacity for a Virtuous Circle at the International Monetary Fund.

 

IMF Photo/Cory Hancock

11 April 2022

Washington, DC, United States

Photo ref: CH220411008.arw

 

“On life's journey faith is nourishment,

virtuous deeds are a shelter,

wisdom is the light by day

and right mindfulness is the protection by night.

If a man lives a pure life,

nothing can destroy him.” ~ Buddha ~

 

“If one keeps loving faithfully what is really worth loving,

and does not waste one's love on insignificant and unworthy and meaningless things,

one will get more light by and by and grow stronger.

 

Sometimes it is well to go into the world and converse with people, and at times one is obliged to do so,

but he who would prefer to be quietly alone with his work, and who wants but very few friends, will go safest through the world and among people.

 

And even in the most refined circles and with the best surroundings and circumstances, one must keep something of the original character of an anchorite, for other wise one has no root in oneself; one must never let the fire go out in one's soul, but keep it burning.

 

And whoever chooses poverty for himself and loves it possesses a great treasure, and will always clearly hear the voice of his conscience; he who hears and obeys that voice, which is the best gift of God, finds at least a friend in it, and is never alone.” ~ Vincent van Gogh ~

 

note: Thanks Vincent . . . but I'm not going to cut off my ear to prove a point!

SAINT VINCENT PHẠM HIẾU LIÊM

 

Dominican priest, 41 years of age

"From my childhood, I am a Catholic,

I must obey God only."

Beheaded on October 7,1773

(by Trần Thế Miên)

 

Vincent Liem was born in 1732 in the village of Thon Dong, village of Tra Lu, Catholic parish of Phu Nhai. This place is referred to by the historical documents of Viet Nam as the area where the preaching of Christianity first took place in Viet Nam, in the year 1533 during the dynasty of King Le Trang Ton.

 

Liem's father, Mr. Anthony Doan, was a dignitary of his rural region; his mother, Mrs. Mary Doan, was like his Father in the sense that both of them were pious, virtuous Christians who were always dedicated to educating their good children and fulfilling their duties.

 

GOING ABROAD FOR STUDYING

 

Upon turning twelve years old, Vincent Liem was admitted into the House of God in Luc Thuy. He was a bright, wise and religious seminarian. Three years later he was chosen and sent to Manila (Capital of the Philippines) to continue his studies in the high school of St. John and college of St. Thomas, which were administered by the Dominican Fathers. While studying suứects concerning temporal matters and secular life, Vincent Liem prepared himself to join the Order of St. Dominic. He was accepted to wear the habit of that Order on September 8, 1753 when he was 21 years of age.

 

After one year in the novitiate, he pronounced three vows and accepted a religious name "Vincent of Peace". After that, Brother Liem tried very hard to study philosophy, theology and other specialized suứects for his priesthood preparation.

 

RETURNING TO HIS HOMELAND

 

In 1758, a year full of unforgettable memories for Vincent of Peace, he was ordained a priest, and prepared to go back to his homeland. On January 20, 1759, he came back to Annam and shed copious tears of joy upon seeing his relatives, loved ones and dear Christians. They welcomed him with the respect reserved for an elite priest who came back home from a foreign country after finishing his specialized studies there.

 

After a period of time teaching at the seminary of Trung Linh, Father Vincent Liem was sent to preach the Gospel in the areas of Quat Lam, Trung Lao, Luc Thuy, Trung Le. He was appreciated by all the people, for he served them with all his capabilities without minding about the dangers and difficulties.

His two letters during that period are still kept in the archives. In them, Father Vincent related one of the remarkable victories of the Christian Church of Vietnam: The sixth Prince, a young brother of the Lord Trinh Doanh (1740-1767) of Tonkin (North Vietnam) had converted to the Catholic faith and received Baptism before dying peacefully and happily.

Father Liem also reported much information concerning the Church of Tonkin, particularly the persecution that our Christians had to cope with their trial to maintain their holy faith, as well as the perils he himself had to confront during the course of his preaching.

 

By 1767, in the dynasty of King Canh Hung, Lord Trinh Sam had put to death a Buddhist monk for having committed a minor offense against the laws of that kingdom. Therefore, in order to avoid the wide-spread rumors among the people that he had protected Christianity and persecuted Buddhists, the Lord immediately ordered that all the priests and believers of Christianity be imprisoned. However, that persecution could not discourage brave Christian apostles.

 

On October 2, 1733, Father Vincent Liem was arrested while he was preaching the Gospel in Luong Dong. He was taken to the province of Hung Yen and kept prisoner there. In the penitentiary he met a Spanish priest who was called Father Hyacinth Gia, who had been confined there several months prior.

 

THE CONFERENCE OF FOUR RELIGIONS

 

At that time, a famous conference called the "Conference of Four Religions" took place in the capital and made a remarkable mark in the history of the religions of Vietnam. Its purpose was written in a booklet which was entitled "The Conference of the Great Masters of Four Religions" and was re-edited many times in Tonkin and Cochichina.

The booklet recounted that in the time of the dynasty of King Canh Hung, Lord Trinh Sam had captured two priests of the Christian religion, one of whom was a European and the other a native. At that time there was an important and high-ranked mandarin in the royal court who was the uncle of the Lord and had a Christian mother who was called "Great Lady Tram", even though he himself was a pagan. This Great Lady Tram was born in the province of Hai Duong. She was very pious and used to advise her son, that high ranked mandarin, to convert to the Christian faith. However, the mandarin was in a dilemma and did not know whether or not he should accept the advice of his mother or implement the order of persecution of Lord Trinh Sam. He got an idea to summon the representatives of four religions for a conference: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Christianity.

 

In order to act out his plan, he invited a Confucian, a Buddhist monk, a Taoist witch and two Christian priests, who were being imprisoned in the capital city, to his palace.

 

The debate between religions occurred in his presence.

He declared the opening of the conference and expressed the ideas of his heart and mind. He said that he had heard of several religions very often and did not know which one he should choose and believe in; therefore, he had those religious leaders summoned for a conference and debate on the suứects of the laws, purposes, doctrines and philosophy of each religion so that he could make up his mind and decide.

 

After presenting their primary opinions, the two representatives of Christianity suggested some topics for the debate as follows: Who created human beings? For what purpose are we, as human beings, living this life and what must we do? Where will we be after death? All the representatives of the other religions accepted this suggestion. The high mandarin determined that each of those questions should be discussed with full details for a whole day, so that he could understand the plain truth and learn which religion was right. The conference lasted for three consecutive days.

 

The booklet "The Conference of the Masters of Four Religions" does not refer to the names of the two Christian priests, but they were believed to be Father Gia (Casteneda) and Father Vincent Liem, according to tradition and the opinion of many other authors.

 

THE GLORIOUS REWARDS

 

The mandarin mentioned above appreciated highly the reasons and truths that the two representatives of Christianity pointed out to him and to all present. However, his nephew, Lord Trinh Sam, was very different from him, and decided to terminate the fates and lives of the two Christian priests. Being urged by his mother, who was an iniquitous woman, hostile to the Christians, Lord Trinh Sam wrote a death sentence for both of the Catholic preachers.

 

On October 7, 1773 Father Vincent Liem, along with Father Casteneda, shed his blood for the cause of God after fifteen years of service in the priesthood.

   

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"The Right Honorable & noble Lord John Earle of Rutland, Lord Rosse of Hamelac Trusbott & Belvoir lieth here buried. Hee succeeded his brother Edward in this said erledome and baronies and therein lived until Saturday the 24 day of February the next following in the same year 1588 on which day he deceased at Nottingham from whence his corps was hither brought & buried on the 2 day of Aprill following 1588.

Hee was made Liuetenant of ye countie of Nottingham 1587 . Hee had issue by his most honorable and virtuous ladie Elizabeth Charleton, daughter of Fraunces Charleton esquire, five sonnes to witte

Edward who died at his age of ...........

Roger now Erle of Rutland, Lord Rosse of Hamlack Trusbott & Belvoir

Fraunces, George & Oliver & 4 daughters Briget, Elizabeth, Mary (deade in her infancy) & Frances borne after her fathers death"

 

John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland 1588 & wife Elizabeth Charlton

John was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, and Margaret www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/34U08g daughter of Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland.

He succeeded his elder brother Edward 3rd Earl in 1587

He m Elizabeth daughter of Francis Charlton of Apley Castle by Cicely Fitton of Gawsworth (her sister Margaret Chambre is at Myddle flic.kr/p/d3fZfE )

Children - 10 in all :

1. Edward - died young www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/a07k16

2. Roger 5th Earl of Rutland 1576 – 1612 m Elizabeth Sidney www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/g6Gj76

3. Francis 6th Earl of Rutland 1578 – 1632 m1 Frances Knyvett m2 Cecily www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/e5Ky1e daughter of Sir John Tufton of Hothfield flic.kr/p/47d7Yt

4. George 7th Earl of Rutland 1580 –dsp1641 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/w1e736 m Frances Cary.

5. Sir Oliver 1582 – 1613

1. Bridget 1572-1604 m Robert Tyrwhitt flic.kr/p/pL5uLw.

2. Elizabeth d1653 m Emanuel Scrope Earl of Sunderland flic.kr/p/fuUDCR 1630 only child of Thomas, Lord Scroope of Bolton 1609 and Philadelphia www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/9509629009/ daughter of Henry Carey, 1st Lord Hunsdon (cousin of Elizabeth l) by Anne Morgan www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/henry-carey

3. Mary died an infant

4. Frances 1588 – 1643 m William 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham

Monument by Gerard Johanssen in 1591 - Church of St Mary the Virgin Bottesford Leicestershire

Chennai - SEPTEMBER 15: Kathakali performer in the virtuous pachcha (green) role in Chennai on September 15, 2012 in South India. Kathakali is the ancient classical dance form of Kerala.