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cross section: urinary bladder

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Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

 

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From my set entitled “Juniper”

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213867132/

In my collection entitled “The Garden”

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia’

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper

 

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America.

Junipers vary in size and shape from tall trees, 20-40 m tall, to columnar or low spreading shrubs with long trailing branches. They are evergreen with needle-like and/or scale-like leaves. They can be either monoecious or dioecious. The female seed cones are very distinctive, with fleshy, fruit-like coalescing scales which fuse together to form a "berry"-like structure, 4-27 mm long, with 1-12 unwinged, hard-shelled seeds. In some species these "berries" are red-brown or orange but in most they are blue; they are often aromatic (for their use as a spice, see juniper berry). The seed maturation time varies between species from 6-18 months after pollination. The male cones are similar to those of other Cupressaceae, with 6-20 scales; most shed their pollen in early spring, but some species pollinate in the autumn.

 

Detail of Juniperus chinensis shoots, with juvenile (needle-like) leaves (left), and adult scale leaves and immature male cones (right)

 

Many junipers (e.g. J. chinensis, J. virginiana) have two types of leaves: seedlings and some twigs of older trees have needle-like leaves 5-25 mm long; and the leaves on mature plants are (mostly) tiny (2-4 mm long), overlapping and scale-like. When juvenile foliage occurs on mature plants, it is most often found on shaded shoots, with adult foliage in full sunlight. Leaves on fast-growing 'whip' shoots are often intermediate between juvenile and adult.

 

In some species (e.g. J. communis, J. squamata), all the foliage is of the juvenile needle-like type, with no scale leaves. In some of these (e.g. J. communis), the needles are jointed at the base, in others (e.g. J. squamata), the needles merge smoothly with the stem, not jointed.

 

The needle-leaves of junipers are hard and sharp, making the juvenile foliage very prickly to handle. This can be a valuable identification feature in seedlings, as the otherwise very similar juvenile foliage of cypresses (Cupressus, Chamaecyparis) and other related genera is soft and not prickly.

 

Juniper is the exclusive food plant of the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix inusitata and Juniper Carpet and is also eaten by the larvae of other Lepidoptera species such as Chionodes electella, Chionodes viduella, Juniper Pug and Pine Beauty.

 

Juniper berries are a spice used in a wide variety of culinary dishes and best known for the primary flavoring in gin (and responsible for gin's name, which is a shortening of the Dutch word for Juniper: genever). Juniper berries are also used as the primary flavor in the liquor Jenever and sahti-style of beers. Juniper berry sauce is often a popular flavoring choice for quail, pheasant, veal, rabbit, venison and other meat dishes.

Many of the earliest prehistoric people lived in or near juniper forests which furnished them food, fuel, and wood for shelter or utensils. Many species, such as J. chinensis (Chinese Juniper) from eastern Asia, are extensively used in landscaping and horticulture, and as one of the most popular species for use in bonsai. It is also a symbol of longevity, strength, athleticism, and fertility.

 

Some junipers are susceptible to Gymnosporangium rust disease, and can be a serious problem for those people growing apple trees, the alternate host of the disease.

Some juniper trees are misleadingly given the common name "cedar"-- including the "red cedar" that is used widely in cedar drawers. True cedars are those tree species in the genus Cedrus, family Pinaceae.

 

Juniper berries have long been used as medicine by many cultures. Juniper berries act as a strong urinary tract disinfectant if consumed and were used by American Indians as a herbal remedy for urinary tract infections. Western tribes combined the berries of juniperus communis with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea to treat diabetes. Clinical studies have verified the effectiveness of this treatment in insulin-dependent diabetes. Compounds in these plants when combined and ingested have been shown to trigger insulin production in the body's fat cells, as well as stabilize blood sugar levels. Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive. [1] The 17th Century herbalist physician Nicholas Culpeper recommended the ripened berries for conditions such as asthma and sciatica, as well as to speed childbirth. [2]

 

cross section: urinary bladder

magnification: 200x

 

Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

 

Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com

cross section: urinary bladder

magnification: 100x

 

Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

 

Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com

cross section: urinary bladder

magnification: 200x

 

Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

 

Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com

cross section: urinary bladder

magnification: 200x

 

Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

  

Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com

Klebsiella pneumoniae growing on ChromID CPS chromogenic agar. Isolate from a patient with long term history of urinary tract infections. Isolate partially resistant to Carbapenem antibiotics. Isolate confirmed as a KPC-3 carbapenemase producer by PCR.

Urine cultures on ChromID CPS - mixed culture, probably caused by a poorly taken specimen

 

Organism present Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species (probable Viridans type)

Fossil Fuels are bad for your boobs.

 

That’s pretty much it. It turns out that the chemicals produced during the extraction, refining, and use of fossil fuels; high levels of benzene, toluene, and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and a few other bad guys are known carcinogens. That’s why Honor the Earth is introducing the pipeline free breast campaign, as a part of Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

Now, just to be clear, we’re not the only ones on this. Last year, Baker Hughes, who makes the enormous drill bits for the fracking industry introduced some pink drill bits for breast cancer awareness month, and donated $l00,000 for the second year in a row to Susan G. Komen, the best-funded breast cancer organization in the U.S. In return, apparently Baker Hughes got to use the specific shade of pink Susan G. Komen has trademarked. (Who knew they could trademark a shade of pink?)

  

Let’s get real: Pipelines, Fracking and the Tar Sands are Bad for your Boobs; they are bad for your health:

  

Researchers have known for years that the fossil fuel industry creates and releases carcinogens into the environment. Back in the 80’s researchers at Lawrence Livermore Labs in California, found that breast cells growing in culture exposed to benzopyrene had altered genetic make-up. Benzopyrene is the most common carcinogen in the environment that results from burning fossil fuels.

  

Benzene, a major chemical associated with the fossil fuel industry, is recognized as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Benzene is known to influence the development of leukemia, breast and urinary tract cancers. Benzene has also been linked to reduced red and white blood cell production, decreased auto-immune system, deformed spermatozoa and chromosomal mutations.

Benzene itself is known carcinogen.

  

Radon, an odorless radioactive gas which is found existing in bedrock has also been linked to cancer and the fossil fuel industry. Exposure to radon is the second largest cause of lung cancer in the US, and new studies have linked fracking to increased radon exposure. Radon can be released into groundwater and the air by the fracking process. Radon also travels with the fracked oil and gas through the pipelines to refineries and to the point of use, exposing communities along the way.

  

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent chemicals that are also known carcinogens and genetic mutagens. PAHs can also affect childhood development, including; asthma, low birth weight, heart malformations, and behavior disorders.

  

Communities around the Alberta tar sands fields have been suffering from dangerously high levels of PAHs in the environment and have been reporting subsequently high rates of rare cancers and other diseases.

“More women in the community are contracting lupus. Infant asthma rates have also increased. During the summer months, it is not uncommon to find mysterious lesions and sores after swimming in Lake Athabasca. “When you look at what is happening in the area, it can’t not be related to development,” says Eriel Deranger, a spokesperson for the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation. ‘Too many times, we see things in the animals and health that the elders have never seen before.’”

  

Spills and accidents can also expose communities to PAHs. After the 2010 BP/Deepwater Horizon spill, scientists found PAH levels to be 40 times higher than background levels. Fisherman also reported mutations and tumors on local shrimp and crabs. Scientists from several disciplines and universities cite PAHs as most likely cause.

  

The effects of these chemicals on humans and the environment should be a major concern of American lawmakers. Will we begin to see a sharp rise in rare cancers in oil producing and refining communities? Transportation corridor communities are also at risk. North Dakota had over 300 oil spills reported as of 2012, but the self reporting of oil and pipeline companies, including Enbridge ( with 800 spills in a decade) is in fact a risk to your breasts, and your health.. For sure, the l7,000 miles of pipeline in North Dakota as well as nearly l0,000 miles of pipeline in Minnesota, pose some risks.

  

The EPA is finally taking notice of the vast amount of toxins being emitted by the oil refining process, recently passing tough new restrictions on emissions.

  

In 2012, Marathon Oil completed a $2.2 billion upgrade on their 8l year old Detroit facility to process tar sands oil. Marathon’s expansion promises to create 135 jobs and generate millions of dollars in tax revenues. Even more important, Marathon says, it will help ensure that Michigan's only oil refinery will operate well into the future.

  

“…A reporter asked me what tar sands smell like, and it smells like death. And that’s what it is…”

Emma Lockridge

  

The Marathon oil refinery is in Boynton, Michigan; zip code 48217. It is known as Michigan’s most polluted zip code.

  

“ … We have a tar sands refinery in our community and it is just horrific. We are sick community.” Emma Lockridge explains. We have tried to get them to buy us out. They keep poisoning us. And we cannot get them to buy our houses. “ I can’t hardly breathe here. I have had kidney failure. Neighbor died on dialysis, Neighbor next door with dialysis. Neighbor across the street has kidney failure. The chemicals in our pipelines and are in our water will be the same chemicals that come through your land and can break and contaminate. We have cancer, we have autoimmune illnesses, we have MS, we have chemicals that have come up into our homes through the sewer. Those are from the companies, they end up in the public water and sewer system...They are poisoning us.”

  

Join Honor the Earth for this campaign. Fossil Fuels are bad for your breasts. And, a fossil fuel free future is healthy for all women, children, men and Mother Earth.

  

Models for the campaign continue to come forward. Jane Kleeb, Executive Director of Bold Nebraska, a lead organization fighting the Keystone XL Pipeline joined for a picture, noting” I’m standing up against Keystone XL because of the risks to our water and our health. The oil and gas industry denies the link of their risky product and cancer, just like the tobacco companies did years ago. Today, we stand up for women’s health."

 

Kandi Mossett, of the Indigenous Environmental Network posed with two logos; Mossett is from the Ft. Berthold reservation, where radioactive and salt spills, as well as radioactive fracking socks litter sections of the reservation. Supporting groups include VDay, Indigenous Women’s Network, and Babes Against Biotech. Other women are encouraged to join, and the materials can be downloaded off the Honor the Earth web site.

  

Sources: www.alternet.org/story/155022/the_human_cancer_risks_pose...

  

america.aljazeera.com/blogs/scrutineer/2014/10/8/pink-dri...

  

news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19830105&...

  

planetsave.com/2013/12/07/pollution-air-pollution-water-p...

 

This is a labelled urinary system

Urinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states that can be found when urine is examined under the microscope during a test called urinalysis. First described by Henry Bence Jones, casts form via precipitation of protein which is secreted by renal tubule cells.

Poor Plato had a urinary tract infection. He was leaking pee-blood all over the place, so they outfitted him with this humiliating diaper at the vets.

Spotted in a stairwell of our new hospital build whilst on my recent tour.

 

Now I can understand this; we don't want the new place to smell of wee before the punters move in. And builders will be builders; not traditionally known for their airs and graces. Judging from their accents, many are not local, quite a few from Wales. They might not be house-trained.

 

However, isn't this asking for trouble? Surely we will see cases of bladder rupture before the place is completed. Not passing urine during a whole working day can't be good for you. The good news is that the regional Urology centre is only next door in the 'old' hospital. If anything does happen, we are ready and waiting to patch them up.

MUDS

(Male Urinary Device System)

Mostly used by Handicap people, but when working outside it makes it way easier to just piss right where I'm at rather then having to walk 6 flights of stairs down, then back up just to take a whizz. Also no more trips to the john while at the Movie Theater and disturbing everybody with my 6'9" frame.

 

MUDS

www.mudsllc.com/

 

Geewhiz

www.urinedevice.com/instructions.htm

 

I wonder if they make a Number 2 Device?

60 y/o male who presented with right lower quadrant pain. A CT of abdomen-pelvis showed 3 cm cystic lesion in the dome of the bladder. Cystoscopy showed no intramural lesion. Patient underwent partial cystectomy along with resection of the urachal remnant.

Dextranomer is a hydrophilic dextran polymer that has been used as a 'cleansing agent' for various types of exudating wounds or ulcers. Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) is a copolymer in a gel of hyaluronic acid. The dextranomer is in the form of microspheres that are 80 to 200 μm in diameter and do not fragment, eliminating the risk of distance migration. DxHA is injected subureterally into the urinary bladder to correct congenital vesicoureteral reflux, as was done in this case. It is also used to treat stress urinary incontinence.

Dx/HA is a highly viscous solution, nonimmunogenic and biocompatible, with no risk of allergy or granuloma formation. Hyaluronic acid functions as a carrier gel and is resorbed within 2 weeks after injection. The dextranomer microspheres are biodegraded very slowly by hydrolysis and remain at the injection site for up to 4 years. The color of the microspheres when stained with H&E is variable, apparently depending upon the hematoxylin/eosin ratio and the particular product used. Prior to degradation the microspheres resemble and may be confused with embolic microspheres.

  

Images contributed by Gyu-Yeung Kim (medical student MS4) - @Rosenrot_Path - Yonsei University Health System(Yonsei Severance Hospital, South Korea)

  

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Poise® Pads – Light Protection are a discreet option that offers protection from occasional wetness. Pads feature a thin, contour design with stay-in-place protection specifically designed for comfortable, everyday wear.

 

Regular Price: $4.33

Special Price: $3.68

 

www.diaperbuys.com/poiser-pad-ultra-thin-light.html

08/30/2012 140118 -- San Antonio, TX..Surgery using Da Vinci surgical system at University Hospital. Live tweet of da Vinci robot-assisted bladder removal or cystectomy with total-intracorporeal urinary diversion..Dr. Robert Svatek.67 year old male patient. - Consented

Disposable alternative female toilet to other similar female urinary products. Brilliant for camping and holidays, long journeys and foreign countries, travelling, festivals and music events, long car journeys, and other outdoor hobbies and adventures where there may not be adequate toilet facilities or they may be hard to find or unpleasant to use. MeToo is easy to use, discreet, disposable, lightweight and it fits in a pocket. Created by an accredited pharmaceutical company. Anatomical, hygienic, effective design. Squatting in uncomfortable places, sitting on unclean toilets and embarrassing bare bottoms incidents are no longer a problem.

 

www.amazon.co.uk/Me-Too-Outdoor-Toilet-Women/dp/B00AHBLEP...

Midsagittal section

Get the facts about bladder control problems, overactive bladder, urge incontinence, and stress incontinence. Learn about urinary incontinence treatments and more at Symbius Medical resource center. Located in Phoenix AZ and online 24 hours 7 days a week. bit.ly/13NTazE

Midsagittal section

For more info, look it up in your lab book, Exercise 44

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