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The terra cotta figures were buried with the first Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang) in 210-209 BCE. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Army."
All 8,099 soldiers are unique and distinguishable with different height and facial features. The soldiers are modeled after selected soldiers from the time period who were considered to be the finest of China. The figures are in several poses including standing infantry and kneeling archers as well as charioteers with horses. Each figure's head appears to be unique showing a variety of facial features and expressions as well as hair styles.
There are three separate pits, which represent three different sections of the army. The largest pit, and most famous, holds the infantry. The second pit contains the cavalry, and the third contains the officers. A fourth pit, which was planned but never built, is thought to be the supply unit.
Qin Shi Huang had the figures created and buried with him in the belief that they would protect him after his death. The figures were buried in battle formation in many vaults, 1.5 kilometers east of Qin Shi Huang's tomb, which is 33km east of Xi'an. The army was built facing enemy territory, and in between these enemies and the Emperor's tomb.
Destruction
Terra Cotta figure still partially embedded in the earth surrounded by other pieces
Terra Cotta figure still partially embedded in the earth surrounded by other pieces.
It is believed that the statues were destroyed only some 50 years after their original creation, due to a fire set during a peasant uprising. The original design included a wooden roof covering the rows of soldiers, and the statues were crushed when this burning roof collapsed in on them. The fire also destroyed the paint which gave the statues a more realistic look. However, the separate pit which contains the "officers" of the army escaped fire, and some paint remnants can still be seen on these figures.
Excavation and Re-construction
The statues were discovered in March 1974 during the sinking of wells for farmland irrigation construction by three local farmers, one of whom is still alive today and working at the tourist center. Professional excavation of the vaults started soon after their discovery. At the time, all of the soldiers were badly broken. A group of archaeologists are still in the process of piecing the soldiers back into their original form. It is estimated that it will be approximately 50 years before they finish the project. All the archeologists involved are native Chinese, since offers of foreign aid in the project have been refused.
Rows of figures awaiting reconstruction.The process is a giant jigsaw puzzle whose pieces may yet be removed from the earth
Rows of figures awaiting reconstruction.
The process is a giant jigsaw puzzle whose pieces may yet be removed from the earth.
Three or more vaults, measuring about 4-8 meters deep, have been excavated and a museum set up on the ruins, called Xi'an First Qin Emperor's Terracotta Army Museum (西安秦始皇兵馬俑博物館). Vault One was opened to the public in 1979, and the whole museum was completed in 1994. Currently, several vaults are open for viewing. Other vaults have been discovered but have yet to be excavated.
In 1987, UNESCO added the Terracotta Army and the Tomb of the First Qin Emperor to the list of the World Heritage Sites.
Imperial Tomb
Diagram of the Tomb site, with the Terra Cotta Army pits in detail
Diagram of the Tomb site, with the Terra Cotta Army pits in detail.
The tomb of Qin Shi Huang (located at 34°23′N 109°15′E) is near an earthen pyramid 76 meters tall and nearly 350 meters square. The tomb presently remains unopened. There are plans to seal-off the area around the tomb with a special tent-type structure to prevent corrosion from exposure to outside air. However, there is only one company in the world that makes these tents, and their largest model will not cover the site as needed.
It is thought that the tomb will contain many rooms, valuable treasures, and also the remains of the "interior designers" of the tomb, who were supposedly sealed alive inside the tomb to prevent them from telling anyone of the contents of the tomb or the location of its entrance. Also buried with Qin Shi Huang were all the women from his court who had not borne any children. Some historians believe that they were buried alive.
Magnetic scans of the land above the tomb have confirmed the legend of a great map of China, with rivers of flowing quicksilver. The scans have even shown concentrations of quicksilver where great bodies of water would be on such a map.
Bronze Chariots
Bronze chariot and horses of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, excavated in Xi'an
Bronze chariot and horses of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, excavated in Xi'an.
In 1980 two painted bronze chariots were discovered 20 meters west of Qin Shi Huang's tomb. Consisting of 3000 parts, each of the chariots is driven by an imperial charioteer and drawn by 4 horses. According to the Han Dynasty scholar Cai Yong (蔡邕 132-192), the first chariot was for clearing the road for the Emperor's entourage, and the second was his sleeping chariot. The bridles and saddles of the horses are inlaid with gold and silver designs and the body of the number 2 chariot has its sliding windows hollow cut. Both are half life size and are now displayed in the Museum.
Model Displays in the United States
Forbidden Gardens, a privately-funded outdoor museum in Katy, Texas has 6,000 1/3 scale replica terra-cotta soldiers displayed in formation as they were buried in the 3rd century BCE. Several full-size replicas are included for scale, and replicas of weapons discovered with the army are shown in a separate Weapons Room. The museum's sponsor is a Chinese businessman whose goal is to share his country's history.
Lighthouse supply ship 'Fingal' (1964) at Oban by night , 8/9/81.
She was out of service in 2000 and is now to become a floating hotel alongside 'Britannia' in Leith.
Brockport, NY. July 2016.
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Catching up on posting photos! This was a Valentine's Day chunky book I hosted in February this year. We will be doing this one again.
The binding is handtwisted wire in two colors with silken paper roses and tassles. Everyone did diagonal pockets and filled them to the brim with everything from bookmarks to ATCs to heart to artistamps to feathers and other goodies. A very beautiful book and a lot of fun to compile though it took longer than expected doing the wire. hehe
More photos coming! Thanks to Kelli Perkins at Ephemeral Alchemy for supplying these wonderful photos!
HIPSTER Supply House ~ Kansas City, Missouri USA ~ Copyright ©2015 Bob Travaglione ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Capo Testa is een klein schiereiland in het noorden van Sardinië, een paar kilometer van Santa Teresa di Gallura.
Het schiereiland heeft typische Gallura granieten rotsen, uitgehold door wind en heeft een omtrek van ongeveer tien kilometer.
Capo Testa was in de Romeinse tijd belangrijk voor zowel de strategische ligging, als voor de levering van graniet (De kolommen van het Pantheon in Rome zijn waarschijnlijk gebouwd met het graniet van Capo Testa).
Sinds het begin van de jaren zeventig begon de toeristische ontwikkeling en wordt Capo Testa beschouwd als een van de mooiste en meest populaire sites van Gallura en Sardinië. Deel van "ecologisch netwerk Natura 2000".
Capo Testa is een fundamenteel navigatie baken in de zee voor de Straat van Bonifacio.
Capo Testa is a small peninsula in the north of Sardinia, a few kilometers from Santa Teresa di Gallura.
The peninsula has typical Gallura granite rocks eroded by wind and has a circumference of about ten kilometers.
Capo Testa was in Roman times important, both for its strategic location, as the supply of granite (the columns of the Pantheon in Rome were probably built with granite of Capo Testa).
Since the beginning of the seventies began the development of tourism and Capo Testa is considered one of the most beautiful and popular sites of Gallura and Sardinia. Part of "ecological network Natura 2000".
Capo Testa is a basic navigation beacon in the sea off the Strait of Bonifacio.
At more or less the most southerly point in Europe, on the Isla Verde port complex in Algeciras, the cranes in the background unload, sort and stack containers. Meanwhile another loaded train prepares to leave on it's journey north under leaden skies, headed by Low Cost Rail 333-336. 16/Dec/2021.
Category 1 - In Context
Photo copyright © R. Chilton
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State Road 71 has massive blockages due to trees and power lines. This is a major transportation route North /South. Sometimes both lanes were shut down for clearing or repair. This section of the trip added an extra hour. I did not mind. The multiple stoppages gave me a chance to haul out the full frame and start snapping.
This is just a snippet of the destruction in this part of the state.
Taken with my cell phone.
More to come.
Coudersport, PA. October 2022.
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Vessel PACIFIC LEADER (IMO: 9648362, MMSI: 564871000) is an offshore tug/supply ship built in 2014 and currently sailing under the flag of Singapore.
PACIFIC LEADER has 97m length overall and beam of 20m. Her gross tonnage is 5179 tons.
M/V Pacific Leader
Brake Horsepower 10,616 BHP
Clear Deck Space 912 m2
Deadweight 5,000 - 5,258 tonnes
Deck Cargo Capacity 2,500 tonnes
General Information
Built: JMU Japan, April 2014
Flag: Singapore
Call Sign: 9V7283
IMO No.: 9648362
Classification: DNV +1A1 Fire fighter(I) Offshore service vessel(Supply) SPS Clean
DYNPOS(AUTR) E0 SF
Dimensions
Length, overall: 97.29 metres
Length, BP: 86.552 metres
Breadth, moulded: 20.00 metres
Depth, main deck: 9.00 metres
Design draft: 6.40 metres @ 4500 DWT
Maximum draft midship: 6.80 metres @ 5263 DWT
GT: 5179 tonnes
NT: 1554 tonnes
Capacities
Deadweight (maximum): 5258 metric tonnes
Clear Deck Area: 912 m2 (57m x 16m)
Deck Strength: 10 t/m2 Aft of frame 30, 5 t/m2 Fwd of frame 30
Deck Cargo: 2500 tonnes
Ship Fuel: 494 m3
Cargo Fuel: 825 m3 @ 100%
Potable Water: 732 m3
Ballast Water: 1146 m3
Drill Water: 382 m3
Brine / DMA / Glycol / Liquid
Mud:
1799 m3, Sg 2.5 t/m3 flash point above 60°C.
NLS(Noxius Liquid Substances)
Drilling Brine: 1034 m3
Dry Bulk: 340.8 m3, Sg 2.6 t/m3 - 5 tanks
Ship's Stores: Freezer (-25°C.) - approximately 31 m3
Cold Room (+4°C.) - approximately 26 m3
Provisions store - approximately 52 m3 ~ 12°C
Machinery
Main Engines: 4 x 1,980 kW = 7,920 kW (10,616 BHP) @ 720 rpm, MAN Diesel & Turbo
6L27/38 TIER II compliant
Propulsion: 2 x 2,500 kW (2 x 3,351.21 BHP) Inovelis POD GE, Azimuth
Bow Thrusters: 3 x 965 kW (3 x 1,294 BHP) electric motor driven tunnel type, CPP, frequency
controlled
Emergency Generators: 1 x 365 kW @1800 rpm / 450V / 3ph / 60Hz (also harbour generator), TIER II
compliant
Deck Machinery
Tuggers: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x 10 t @ 0 - 20 m/min, capacity 240 m of 20 mm dia.
wire each , electric drive
Capstans: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x 10 t @ 0 - 15 m/min, vertical type warping head,
electric drive
Windlass: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x combined mooring winch/anchor windlasses
Cable lifter, mooring drum and warping end electric drive
Duty on cable lifter nominal 11.9 t @ 0 - 12 m/min, max pull 17.8 t
Mooring drum, declutchable rope drum with band brake, dia. 530 mm, flange
dia. 1360 mm, drum length 600 mm, stowing capacity 270 m of 52mm dia
polypropylene 8 strand rope, duty on 1st layer 12 t @ 0 - 12 m/min, light line @
0 - 40 m/min
Fixed warping end on drum shaft, dia. 560 mm, length 500 mm, approximately
11 t pull
Bow Mooring: See windlass. Roller type chain stopper with lashing arrangement for dia. 50
mm K3 chain cable.
Smit Towing Bracket: 1 x 200 t
Crane Capacity: Heila 1 x 5t @ 15 metres radius, knuckle boom crane
Electronics
Main Radar: Furuno FAR-2837S-D ARPA Radar, S Band, 23.1"
Auxiliary Radar: Furuno FAR-2817-D ARPA Radar, X Band, 23.1"
Auto Pilot: Tokyo Keiki PR6344A-22
Gyro Compass: 3 x Tokyo Keiki TG-8000/8500 Type S
Magnetic Compass: Tokyo Keiki SH - 165 A1 Reflector Type
Echo Sounder: Furuno FE-700, dual frequency 50Hz and 200Hz
DGPS : Furuno GP-150
Anemometer : 2 x Gill WindObserver 2
Speed Log: Furuno Doppler Speed Log DS-80
Communications: Furuno MF-HF (SSB) Transceiver integrated with DSC/Watch Receiver.
Furuno Inmarsat-C (no.1) - Felcom 18 (Integrated with EGC)
Furuno Inmarsat-C (no.2) - Felcom 18
Watch System: Furuno BRR-500
Navtex Receiver: Furuno NX-700A
Weather Fax: Furuno FAX-410
Satellite Communication: FBB: Sailor 500
VSAT: Sailor 900
AIS: Furuno FA-150
Satellite Navigation: Furuno GP150
Voyage Data Recorder(VDR): Furuno VDR VR-3000
VHF: Furuno FM-8900S Semiduplex VHF
Electronic Chart Display: 1 set - Furuno FMD-3300
VRU: SMC IMU-007
BNWAS: Furuno BR-500
G-GSSE Global Supply Systems Boeing 747-87UF cn 37568 ln1444 followed by an easyJet and then 4K-SW808 Silkway West Airlines Boeing 767-32LF(ER)(WL) cn 41068 ln 1027_26K1956
Herkimer, NY. October 2017.
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A delivery fresh from the main lands is gone over with a fine tooth comb. Making sure nothing was left off the list it's double checked. While the head mechanic can't wait to get at his crate of parts........
Du Bois, PA. April 2017.
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Empire Builders Supply DT wrecker, Buffalo NY-2003. Photo: Murray Markanen.
Dépanneuse DT de la cie 'Empire Builders Supply' Buffalo, N.Y.,2003. Photo: Murray Markanen.
Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 with Superfast style body (One-off)
Chassis n° 6267GT
It is well known that HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands loved Ferraris, especially in his favourite colour green. Displayed here is one of the most beautiful Ferraris he ever owned, a 1965 500 Superfast Speziale.
A mere 37 Ferrari Superfast cars were built, and among these rare models Prince Bernhard’s former car is unique in itself. The Prince, a close friend of Enzo Ferrari and one of his most loyal clients, asked Ferrari to install a 4,0-litre engine instead of the standard 5,0-litre. This smaller engine was relatively easy to fit in the Superfast chassis, which was based on the 330 GT. The rear lights and the frames of the side windows are unique external features on this car.
The bodywork of the Ferrari Superfast was designed by Pininfarina. At the request of the Prince, the car was painted a special metallic colour – Verde Pinto – at the factory, and supplied with a very stylish beige leather interior.
3.967 cc
V12
300 pk
37 ex. (LWB)
Interclassics 2017
MECC Maastricht
Nederland - Netherlands
Januari 2017
Three more views of the tanker off Birchgrove getting ready for the breakers in December 1986 .
It was not uncommon for ex RAN ships to spend a week or two with a smaller ship repairer (in this case I think Jubilee Engineering) to be made safe for the tow .
This ship was built by Harland & Wolff , Belfast in 1955 as RFA Tide Austral as seen here
www.flickr.com/photos/113687843@N02/26828862553/in/photol...
and took the name Supply in 1962 .
She had paid off at the end of 1985 to make way for the upcoming HMAS Success . Now , that ship is to be replaced by a new HMAS Supply , built in Spain . Time flies !
This vintage 1910 displays an even older 'before time' image of ox carts ready to pull goods. Rare 'single' postcard.
Early shot from my longterm Depot District project. Taken from a car window on Christmas day 10 years ago, as I was one of very few people working in deserted downtown Raleigh.
Vessel PACIFIC LEADER (IMO: 9648362, MMSI: 564871000) is an offshore tug/supply ship built in 2014 and currently sailing under the flag of Singapore.
PACIFIC LEADER has 97m length overall and beam of 20m. Her gross tonnage is 5179 tons.
M/V Pacific Leader
Brake Horsepower 10,616 BHP
Clear Deck Space 912 m2
Deadweight 5,000 - 5,258 tonnes
Deck Cargo Capacity 2,500 tonnes
General Information
Built: JMU Japan, April 2014
Flag: Singapore
Call Sign: 9V7283
IMO No.: 9648362
Classification: DNV +1A1 Fire fighter(I) Offshore service vessel(Supply) SPS Clean
DYNPOS(AUTR) E0 SF
Dimensions
Length, overall: 97.29 metres
Length, BP: 86.552 metres
Breadth, moulded: 20.00 metres
Depth, main deck: 9.00 metres
Design draft: 6.40 metres @ 4500 DWT
Maximum draft midship: 6.80 metres @ 5263 DWT
GT: 5179 tonnes
NT: 1554 tonnes
Capacities
Deadweight (maximum): 5258 metric tonnes
Clear Deck Area: 912 m2 (57m x 16m)
Deck Strength: 10 t/m2 Aft of frame 30, 5 t/m2 Fwd of frame 30
Deck Cargo: 2500 tonnes
Ship Fuel: 494 m3
Cargo Fuel: 825 m3 @ 100%
Potable Water: 732 m3
Ballast Water: 1146 m3
Drill Water: 382 m3
Brine / DMA / Glycol / Liquid
Mud:
1799 m3, Sg 2.5 t/m3 flash point above 60°C.
NLS(Noxius Liquid Substances)
Drilling Brine: 1034 m3
Dry Bulk: 340.8 m3, Sg 2.6 t/m3 - 5 tanks
Ship's Stores: Freezer (-25°C.) - approximately 31 m3
Cold Room (+4°C.) - approximately 26 m3
Provisions store - approximately 52 m3 ~ 12°C
Machinery
Main Engines: 4 x 1,980 kW = 7,920 kW (10,616 BHP) @ 720 rpm, MAN Diesel & Turbo
6L27/38 TIER II compliant
Propulsion: 2 x 2,500 kW (2 x 3,351.21 BHP) Inovelis POD GE, Azimuth
Bow Thrusters: 3 x 965 kW (3 x 1,294 BHP) electric motor driven tunnel type, CPP, frequency
controlled
Emergency Generators: 1 x 365 kW @1800 rpm / 450V / 3ph / 60Hz (also harbour generator), TIER II
compliant
Deck Machinery
Tuggers: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x 10 t @ 0 - 20 m/min, capacity 240 m of 20 mm dia.
wire each , electric drive
Capstans: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x 10 t @ 0 - 15 m/min, vertical type warping head,
electric drive
Windlass: Rolls Royce Brattvaag 2 x combined mooring winch/anchor windlasses
Cable lifter, mooring drum and warping end electric drive
Duty on cable lifter nominal 11.9 t @ 0 - 12 m/min, max pull 17.8 t
Mooring drum, declutchable rope drum with band brake, dia. 530 mm, flange
dia. 1360 mm, drum length 600 mm, stowing capacity 270 m of 52mm dia
polypropylene 8 strand rope, duty on 1st layer 12 t @ 0 - 12 m/min, light line @
0 - 40 m/min
Fixed warping end on drum shaft, dia. 560 mm, length 500 mm, approximately
11 t pull
Bow Mooring: See windlass. Roller type chain stopper with lashing arrangement for dia. 50
mm K3 chain cable.
Smit Towing Bracket: 1 x 200 t
Crane Capacity: Heila 1 x 5t @ 15 metres radius, knuckle boom crane
Electronics
Main Radar: Furuno FAR-2837S-D ARPA Radar, S Band, 23.1"
Auxiliary Radar: Furuno FAR-2817-D ARPA Radar, X Band, 23.1"
Auto Pilot: Tokyo Keiki PR6344A-22
Gyro Compass: 3 x Tokyo Keiki TG-8000/8500 Type S
Magnetic Compass: Tokyo Keiki SH - 165 A1 Reflector Type
Echo Sounder: Furuno FE-700, dual frequency 50Hz and 200Hz
DGPS : Furuno GP-150
Anemometer : 2 x Gill WindObserver 2
Speed Log: Furuno Doppler Speed Log DS-80
Communications: Furuno MF-HF (SSB) Transceiver integrated with DSC/Watch Receiver.
Furuno Inmarsat-C (no.1) - Felcom 18 (Integrated with EGC)
Furuno Inmarsat-C (no.2) - Felcom 18
Watch System: Furuno BRR-500
Navtex Receiver: Furuno NX-700A
Weather Fax: Furuno FAX-410
Satellite Communication: FBB: Sailor 500
VSAT: Sailor 900
AIS: Furuno FA-150
Satellite Navigation: Furuno GP150
Voyage Data Recorder(VDR): Furuno VDR VR-3000
VHF: Furuno FM-8900S Semiduplex VHF
Electronic Chart Display: 1 set - Furuno FMD-3300
VRU: SMC IMU-007
BNWAS: Furuno BR-500