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Hagia Sophia is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The last of three church buildings to be successively erected on the site by the Eastern Roman Empire, it was completed in 537 CE. The site was a Greek Orthodox church from 360 CE to 1453, except for a brief time as a Latin Catholic church between the Fourth Crusade and 1261. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, it served as a mosque until 1935, when it became a museum. In 2020, the site once again became a mosque.
The current structure was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of Constantinople for the Byzantine Empire between 532 and 537, and was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. It was formally called the Church of God's Holy Wisdom and upon completion became the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture[8] and is said to have "changed the history of architecture". The present Justinianic building was the third church of the same name to occupy the site, as the prior one had been destroyed in the Nika riots. As the episcopal see of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, it remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until the Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. Beginning with subsequent Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia became the paradigmatic Orthodox church form, and its architectural style was emulated by Ottoman mosques a thousand years later. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as an architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization.
The religious and spiritual centre of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years, the church was dedicated to the Holy Wisdom. It was where the excommunication of Patriarch Michael I Cerularius was officially delivered by Humbert of Silva Candida, the envoy of Pope Leo IX in 1054, an act considered the start of the East–West Schism. In 1204, it was converted during the Fourth Crusade into a Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire, before being returned to the Eastern Orthodox Church upon the restoration of the Byzantine Empire in 1261. Enrico Dandolo, the doge of Venice who led the Fourth Crusade and the 1204 Sack of Constantinople, was buried in the church.
After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, it was converted to a mosque by Mehmed the Conqueror and became the principal mosque of Istanbul until the 1616 construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque. Upon its conversion, the bells, altar, iconostasis, ambo, and baptistery were removed, while iconography, such as the mosaic depictions of Jesus, Mary, Christian saints and angels were removed or plastered over. Islamic architectural additions included four minarets, a minbar and a mihrab. The Byzantine architecture of the Hagia Sophia served as inspiration for many other religious buildings including the Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki, Panagia Ekatontapiliani, the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex. The patriarchate moved to the Church of the Holy Apostles, which became the city's cathedral.
The complex remained a mosque until 1931, when it was closed to the public for four years. It was re-opened in 1935 as a museum under the secular Republic of Turkey, and the building was Turkey's most visited tourist attraction as of 2019.
In July 2020, the Council of State annulled the 1934 decision to establish the museum, and the Hagia Sophia was reclassified as a mosque. The 1934 decree was ruled to be unlawful under both Ottoman and Turkish law as Hagia Sophia's waqf, endowed by Sultan Mehmed, had designated the site a mosque; proponents of the decision argued the Hagia Sophia was the personal property of the sultan. The decision to designate Hagia Sophia as a mosque was highly controversial. It resulted in divided opinions and drew condemnation from the Turkish opposition, UNESCO, the World Council of Churches and the International Association of Byzantine Studies, as well as numerous international leaders, while several Muslim leaders in Turkey and other countries welcomed its conversion into a mosque.
The massive roof beams in this 14th century tithe barn in Lacock village, Wiltshire, UK supported a structure that was built to last. This ceiling was restored in 2007 using the same methods & materials as the original, including wooden oak pegs. I'm glad that I looked up while I visited and didn't miss this awesome ceiling!
Excerpt from english.cha.go.kr/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/royal/RoyalPalaces...:
If one passes the garden at the rear of the Juhamnu Pavilion and walks down along the slope of the hill leading into the stairway, the person can find a square pond on the opposite side and a pavilion on the north bank of the pond. This is the Aeryeonjeong, which is composed of only 1 kan. Looking out of the windows of the pavilion, one can enjoy a wonderful view. It looks like just a framed picture, owing to the decorations attached to the upper part of the pillars. Of course, the mood of the picture depends on the season. In particular, the stone structure, through which water comes into the pond, is opposite excellent in beauty and technique of design.
Sonoran Desert, Arizona
Camera: Rolleiflex 6008 Professional
Lens: Rollei Sonnar HFT PQ 150mm F/4
Film: Kodak T-MAX 400 developed in Rodinal 1+50
Almost a year in planning and eventually i got the chance to go and photograph from the "Shard " in London.
Conditions were very difficult with the haze and reflections of the structure.Trying to get a wide angle shot is next to impossible due to the reflections but this im happy with.
Such a fantastic place with incredible views all over London.
Thankyou to my photographer friend Alpha Whiskey flic.kr/ps/yxgZ6 who joined me for this trip, we had a giggle and managed a few shots too ... always a pleasure my friend.
This is a handheld image ( i could not believe it ! , check out the exif )
Exif;
Nikon D750 + Nikon 24-120VR
1/10th
F4
@50mm
iso 10000 ( yes ten thousand ! )
I have others that are of a longer exposure while resting the camera on my bag ( tripods not allowed )... but this has become my favourite so far.
By contemplating the created order, and by contemplating and ordering the moral structure of one’s own life, one would be led to the pure theoria of the fountainhead of all existence, ho on, ‘the existing one’, ‘He Who is’, this being the name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush. Historical revelation in this light becomes God’s method of spelling out truth in the terms of the world: an arrangement of clues which, rightly seen, leads to illumination. However, this is not really comparable to the enlightenment of the gnostic: there is no ‘technology’ here, no suggestion of control over the laws of the Spirit. The end is simply contemplation, the enjoying of God for his sake alone; and Philo shares the biblical repugnance for any suggestion that God can be brought into human control. God can never be contained in human concepts. Moses ascends into a cloud and darkness beyond the scope of intellect, where God offers himself directly to the vision, without the intervention of any form or idea. Here, then, the pilgrimage of the understanding is seen not (as for the gnostic) in terms of acquisition but in terms of stripping away, the stripping of multiple and diffuse kinds of apprehension to the simplicity of a single-hearted vision –in Platonic terms, the return from the Many to the primal One.
- The Wound of Knowledge Christian Spirituality from the New Testament to St John of the Cross, ROWAN WILLIAMS
September 29, 2021 - Kearney Nebraska US
Late September....
Very late in the Storm Season
Apparently I didn't go through all my images thoroughly!
Enjoy these GEMs of some of night photography in 2021. Outflow dominate till it reached Kearney Nebraska. Then this storm got its severe thunderstorm warning and we actually have a small cuplet (small but you can see in this set of images. It only lasted for about 2 mins it lasted and it was night so there were not that many pics @15 intervals)
Thought it was going to produce a brief nader but it didn't. Nice structure for this late in the year and I waited til the last second to leave to get under the belly of the beast!
There might be more but likely this will be my last batch of 2021.
Enjoy!
#ForeverChasing
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A Capela das Pereiras, localizada em Ponte de Lima, Portugal, foi originalmente construída em 1525 por ordem de Pedro Afonso Fiúza e da sua esposa Catarina Madriz. A estrutura atual resulta de uma reforma profunda realizada em 1818. Em 1979, a capela foi doada à Câmara Municipal, encontrando-se em estado de degradação. Em 1998, o edifício foi restaurado pelo Município de Ponte de Lima.
A capela apresenta uma planta retangular com capela-mor e estilo barroco do século XIX. No seu interior, conserva-se parte de um retábulo do século XIX. O espaço foi adaptado para acolher eventos culturais, com a construção de um novo coro e instalações de apoio. A torre sineira permanece inacabada, como sempre esteve ao longo da sua história.
A Capela das Pereiras é classificada como Imóvel de Interesse Público desde 1982. Além do seu valor histórico e arquitetónico, o local oferece um dos melhores miradouros da vila de Ponte de Lima.
Petra (Arabic: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα), originally known as Raqmu (Nabataean Arabic: الرقيم), is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. Petra lies on the slope of Jabal Al-Madbah in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah valley that run from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Established possibly as early as the 4th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra's proximity to the trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub.
The trading business gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue, and Petra became the focus of their wealth. The earliest recorded historical reference to the city was when an envious Greek dynasty attempted to ransack the city in 312 BC. The Nabataeans were, unlike their enemies, accustomed to living in the barren deserts, and were able to repel attacks by utilizing the area's mountainous terrain. They were particularly skillful in harvesting rainwater, agriculture and stone carving. The Kingdom's capital continued to flourish until the 1st century AD when its famous Al-Khazneh facade was constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants.
Encroaching troops of the Roman Empire in 106 AD forced the Nabataeans to surrender. The Romans annexed and renamed the Kingdom to Arabia Petraea. Petra's importance declined as sea trade routes emerged, and after a 363 earthquake destroyed many structures. The Byzantine Era witnessed the construction of several Christian churches. By 700, the city became an abandoned place where only a handful of nomads grazed goats. It remained an unknown place until it was rediscovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812, sparking renewed interest in the city.
The city is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. It is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage".
One of my favourite Shots at the MUC Headquarters.
Taken with Sony ILCE-7M3 and the Tamron 28-75mm F2.8 at F=2.8.
Excerpt from Wikipedia:
The Basilica of Saint Servatius is a Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Servatius, in the city of Maastricht, the Netherlands. The architecturally hybrid but mainly Romanesque church is situated next to the Gothic church of Saint John, backing onto the town's main square, Vrijthof.
The present-day church is probably the fourth church that was built on the site of the grave of Saint Servatius, an Armenian missionary who was bishop of Tongeren and died allegedly in 384 in Maastricht. A small memorial chapel on the saint's grave was replaced by a large stone church built by bishop Monulph around 570. This church was replaced by a larger pilgrim church in the late 7th century, which was then replaced by the present-day structure, which was built in several stages over a period of more than 100 years. The nave was built in the first half of the 11th century, the transept in the second half of the century, and the choir and westwork in the 12th century. The Romanesque church was built during a period in which the chapter of Saint Servatius kept close ties to the Holy Roman Emperors, which resulted in a building that has the characteristics of a German imperial church. The dedication of the church in 1039 was attended by the emperor Henry III and twelve bishops. Most of the church's Medieval provosts were sons of the highest ranking German noble families. Several held the office of chancellor of the German Empire; at least eight provosts went on to become archbishops.
Scientific study: “COVID-19 lockdown effects on adolescent brain structure suggest accelerated maturation that is more pronounced in females than in males”.
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2403200121
“Since accelerated brain maturation has been associated with increased risk for the development of neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders, these findings highlight the importance of providing ongoing monitoring and support to individuals who were adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
Like we were told during covid: follow the science!
Galatians 2:18 “Why, if I am now rebuilding that structure of sin which I had demolished, I am thereby constituting myself a transgressor.”
Structure design of Eco Galleria in Johor, Malaysia.
*Note: More pics of Architectural, Interior and Exterior Designs in my Architectural, Interior and Exterior Designs Album.
Elgin, Illinois
December 4, 2024
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how vulnerable and still are his movements in the busy city. the drawing of his face is like a map, much smaller than that of the city. he himself is also getting smaller in the disappearance of time.