View allAll Photos Tagged streamlined
The beautiful streamlined rear of a Tatra T87 car, seen on the TRUK (Tatra Register UK) Cotswold Tour, August 2009.
The streamlined front end of DB Class 10 4-6-2 No.10 001 at the German Steam Locomotive Museum, Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg, 6 May 2016. Two were built by Krupp in 1957 as the first of a planned large class to replace the Class 01 and 01.10 Pacifics. However, spreading electrification meant no more were built. They had the same welded boiler as the rebuilt Class 01's and 01.10's. No.10 001 originally had coal and oil firing but this was soon replaced by all-coil firing as No.10 002 had from completion. They were withdrawn in 1967-68 despite being highly successful and a fitting climax to German steam engine development. Presumably their high axle loading (22.4 tonnes) meant they had a far more limited route availability than the older Pacifics and thus when displaced by electrics they had no suitable routes to work. In my opinion a potententially beautiful engine is rather spoilt by the over-heavy looking streamlined lower front end and a very spindly smokebox door cone.
The Common Dolphin is a slender streamlined dolphin with a moderately long beak, tall dorsal fin and large tapering flippers.
The Australian Museum is the oldest museum in Australia, with an international reputation in the fields of natural history and anthropology. It features collections of vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, as well as mineralogy, palaeontology, and anthropology. Apart from exhibitions, the museum is also involved in indigenous studies research and community programs.
It is located in College Street, Sydney and was originally known as the Colonial Museum or Sydney Museum. The museum was renamed in June 1836 by a Sub-Committee meeting, when it was resolved during an argument that it should be renamed the Australian Museum.
The first location of the museum was likely a room in the offices of the Colonial Secretary, although for the next 30 years it moved to several other locations in Sydney, until moving into its current location in 1849.
The current handsome Neoclassical sandstone building, on the corner of College and Park Streets, opposite Hyde Park, was first opened to the public in May 1857. It was designed by the New South Wales Colonial Architect James Barnet. The first chairman of the museum was William Holmes, who was appointed on 16 June 1829.
The Skeleton Gallery is in the original part of the Museum. It is a double-height space overlooked by first- and second-floor mezzanines. Its 100 skeletons - including the horseman and the rocking-chair man and his dog - occupy a traditional space of dark timber and muted tones, lit to reveal its best features.
Showcasing over 10 full scale skeletons, Dinosaurs are brought to life through dramatic lighting, projected scenery and astounding specimens. The impressive life-size models include feathered dinosaurs from China, as well as a diverse range of carnivore and herbivore dinosaur skulls and skeletons - from the well-known T-Rex to the bizarre Cryolophosaurus discovered in Antarctica.
Fossils are our window into the past. The word ‘fossil’ comes from the Latin word fossus, which means ‘dug up’. This refers to the fact that fossils are the remains of past life preserved in rock, soil or amber. Generally, the remains were once the hard parts of an organism, such as bones and shell although, under exceptional circumstances, soft tissues have also fossilised.
The Shape of Speed
Streamlined Automobiles and Motorcycles, 1930–1942
JUN 16 – SEP 16, 2018
Portland Art Museum
The Portland Art Museum is pleased to announce The Shape of Speed: Streamlined Automobiles and Motorcycles, 1930–1942, a special exhibition debuting at the Museum in Summer 2018. Featuring 19 rare streamlined automobiles and motorcycles, The Shape of Speed opens June 16 and will be on view through September 16, 2018.
The concept of streamlining has fascinated people for generations. Beginning in the 1930s and extending until the outbreak of the World War II, automotive designers embraced the challenge of styling and building truly streamlined cars that were fast and fuel-efficient. They were encouraged by the confluence of aircraft design with the sleek shapes of fast railroad locomotives; new advanced highways such as the Autobahns; and events like the 1939 New York City World’s Fair, which showcased futuristic design.
The Shape of Speed presents a select group of rare automobiles and motorcycles that demonstrate how auto designers translated the concept of aerodynamic efficiency into exciting machines that in many cases, looked as though they were moving while at rest.
The Museum will display 17 cars and two motorcycles—the best of that era’s streamlined offerings—from Europe and the United States. Engineering drawings and period photographs will show some of the aircraft, railroad, ship and yacht designs that influenced the automakers.
Featured designers and engineers include European streamlining pioneer Paul Jaray, along with Richard Buckminster Fuller, Norman Bel Geddes, Raymond Loewy, Harley J. Earl, Hermann Ahrens, Georges Paulin, Joseph Figoni, Dr. Wunibald Kamm, Otto Kuhler, Jean Bugatti, Hans Ledwinka, Gordon Buehrig, and others.
Recent shift to AMC enables streamlined logistics services
By Sgt. 1st Class Jeff Troth
jefferey.l.troth.mil@mail.mil
CAMP CASEY, SOUTH KOREA – The logisticians who look after Warrior Country’s transportation, maintenance and supply needs are now able to provide even more robust services thanks to a recent change that gives them broader, faster reach into the Army’s overall logistics network.
The U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I’s Directorate of Logistics ran the Central Issue Facility at Camp Hovey and the transportation motor pools that provide buses and vehicle maintenance in Warrior Country.
They did that as part of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, of which USAG Red Cloud and Area I is a part.
But, effective Oct. 1, all Army DOL assets shifted from IMCOM to the U.S. Army Materiel Command. AMC is a global command that supports Army logistics worldwide.
The shift plugs in the DOL to AMC’s global logistics network.
And in Warrior Country, DOL is now part of the 403rd Army Field Support Brigade Area I, said DOL director Dennis Williams.
For Warrior Country customers, that’ll mean that when one of the 403rd AFSB’s facilities in Warrior Country runs low on an item – helmets or vehicle parts – for example, they can be shipped from another facility that does have them, even one in, say, Japan, Williams said.
The transition will not pose any confusion or inconvenience for DOL customers, he said.
“For Area I it will be transparent,” he said. “The services we did yesterday are the same services that we’ll do today and tomorrow.”
The Area I DOL marked the shift to AMC with a low-key patch-and-pin ceremony Oct. 3 at Camp Casey’s Carey Fitness Center.
There, DOL’s Soldiers traded in their seven-sided IMCOM patch for the shield-shaped AMC patch, while civilians received an AMC lapel pin.
“On behalf of the Army Materiel Command I want to welcome you to the new AMC family,” Col. Michael Lopez, commander of the 403rd AFSB, said during the ceremony.
For the more than 300 DOL Soldiers, Department of the Army Civilians and Korean civilians in Warrior Country, the 403rd AFSB is now their higher headquarters. But, they’re not alone. On Oct. 1, the 403rd also took command and control of all DOLs in Korea, Japan and Okinawa.
The changeover process was set in motion in March 2005 when the leadership of IMCOM and AMC decided to develop a logistics partnership to improve support to the Army and the Army’s transformation plan.
Lincoln Zephyr (1937)
* Designer: John Tjaarda
* Displacement: 4380 cc
* Power: 110 CV
* Top-speed: 130 km/h
Henry Ford's sun Edsel, who was in charge of the company's LINCOLN division, was the first to introduce a marketable, mass-produced streamlined automobile: the 1936 Lincoln Zephyr.
Sweeping the market like a storm, the aerodynamic design suddenly turned into an international fashion trend.
Zeithaus Museum
Autostadt Wolfsburg
17 February 2014
Nikon D90/AF Nikkor 1:3.5-4.5 28-105 mm
Lincoln Zephyr (1937)
* Designer: John Tjaarda
* Displacement: 4380 cc
* Power: 110 CV
* Top-speed: 130 km/h
Henry Ford's sun Edsel, who was in charge of the company's LINCOLN division, was the first to introduce a marketable, mass-produced streamlined automobile: the 1936 Lincoln Zephyr.
Sweeping the market like a storm, the aerodynamic design suddenly turned into an international fashion trend.
Zeithaus Museum
Autostadt Wolfsburg
17 February 2014
Nikon D90/AF Nikkor 1:3.5-4.5 28-105 mm
The KhAI-1 low wing monoplane was a highly streamlined civil airliner built in the beginning of the thirties in what was then the Soviet Union.
The design was a team effort led by engineer I.G. Neman with a whole crew of the best students of the Kharchiv Aviation Institure. The machine had one of the first retractable undercarriages built in during the Soviet era. The machine is also identified as the Neman KhAI-1 [Неман ХАИ-1].
Seen here is the prototype before its first test flight. At that moment no engine rind was mounted around the Bristol Jupiter 9-cylinder engine. Also a wooden propeller was fitted. Later production machines had the Soviet equivalent of the Jupiter, the M-22 fitted, while the wooden propeller was changed for a metal one. Also the streamlined cowling ring was fitted.
The 32nd Annual Old Car Sunday in the Park is set to take place on Sunday, June 15, 2025, at Fraser River Heritage Park in Mission, BC. This beloved Father’s Day tradition is one of the largest and longest-running classic car shows in British Columbia.
The 1935 Ford Pickup Truck, part of the Model 50 series, marked a significant evolution in Ford’s truck design and engineering.
️ Specifications
Engine: 3.9L (239 cu in) Flathead V8
Horsepower: 100 hp
Transmission: 3-speed manual
Drive: Rear-wheel drive
Wheelbase: 112 inches
Body Style: Half-ton pickup with a 69-inch bed
🚘 Design Innovations
All-Steel Cab: 1935 was the first year Ford eliminated the wood substructure in favor of an all-steel cab, improving durability.
Streamlined Grille: The grille was more rounded and integrated, with a distinctive V8 badge in the center—popular among hot rod builders.
Side-Mounted Spare Tire: Introduced in 1935 and continued for over a decade.
Sliding Rear Window: An optional feature—surprisingly ahead of its time.
🏁 Performance and Popularity
The 1935 pickup was part of Ford’s Model 18/50 series, which helped solidify Ford’s dominance in the light truck market.
It was praised for its powerful V8, rugged build, and affordable price—around $625 at the time.
Legacy
The 1935 Ford Pickup is now a sought-after collector’s item, especially in original or hot-rodded form.
Its blend of early V8 performance and classic 1930s styling makes it a favorite at vintage car shows and restoration projects.
Thank you for your visit and any faves or comments are always greatly appreciated!
~Sonja
Source: Scan of an original print from our collection.
Date: c. 1935.
Image: P40272.
Copyright: GWR-BRWR-Crown.
Repository: Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
LNER Gresley Streamlined A4 No. 60009 "Union of South Africa" comes through the Putney on a grey July morning.
Putney, London
July 2017
Recent shift to AMC enables streamlined logistics services
By Sgt. 1st Class Jeff Troth
jefferey.l.troth.mil@mail.mil
CAMP CASEY, SOUTH KOREA – The logisticians who look after Warrior Country’s transportation, maintenance and supply needs are now able to provide even more robust services thanks to a recent change that gives them broader, faster reach into the Army’s overall logistics network.
The U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I’s Directorate of Logistics ran the Central Issue Facility at Camp Hovey and the transportation motor pools that provide buses and vehicle maintenance in Warrior Country.
They did that as part of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, of which USAG Red Cloud and Area I is a part.
But, effective Oct. 1, all Army DOL assets shifted from IMCOM to the U.S. Army Materiel Command. AMC is a global command that supports Army logistics worldwide.
The shift plugs in the DOL to AMC’s global logistics network.
And in Warrior Country, DOL is now part of the 403rd Army Field Support Brigade Area I, said DOL director Dennis Williams.
For Warrior Country customers, that’ll mean that when one of the 403rd AFSB’s facilities in Warrior Country runs low on an item – helmets or vehicle parts – for example, they can be shipped from another facility that does have them, even one in, say, Japan, Williams said.
The transition will not pose any confusion or inconvenience for DOL customers, he said.
“For Area I it will be transparent,” he said. “The services we did yesterday are the same services that we’ll do today and tomorrow.”
The Area I DOL marked the shift to AMC with a low-key patch-and-pin ceremony Oct. 3 at Camp Casey’s Carey Fitness Center.
There, DOL’s Soldiers traded in their seven-sided IMCOM patch for the shield-shaped AMC patch, while civilians received an AMC lapel pin.
“On behalf of the Army Materiel Command I want to welcome you to the new AMC family,” Col. Michael Lopez, commander of the 403rd AFSB, said during the ceremony.
For the more than 300 DOL Soldiers, Department of the Army Civilians and Korean civilians in Warrior Country, the 403rd AFSB is now their higher headquarters. But, they’re not alone. On Oct. 1, the 403rd also took command and control of all DOLs in Korea, Japan and Okinawa.
The changeover process was set in motion in March 2005 when the leadership of IMCOM and AMC decided to develop a logistics partnership to improve support to the Army and the Army’s transformation plan.
Reduce in height by precisely 3.25", additionally, fabricated new attachment bracket(s) for a more streamlined appearance.
This design came from the 30s sensibilites of speed and sleekness. It's a bit of a marketing gimmick and actually a normal looking steam train under that casing. The original outer pannels were discarded after the war and melted down because they made it difficult to repair the loco. Replacement pannels were made and fitted this year so we can see what a Poirot era loco would have looked like. Pretty out there, and probably egged on by the success of the A1 trust.
It is dubious as to whether the stramlining gives it any speed or efficiency advantage, I think the money is on the savings beeing balanced out by the weight of the extra cladding!
Star exhibit at the Train World railway museum in Schaerbeek, Brussels must surely be 12.004, one of a small class of streamlined SNCB 4-4-2s that were new in 1939. They were designed to haul express trains from Oostende, but had little chance to show their paces before World War II and Nazi occupation intervened. The loco remained in service until 1962.
An unidentified streamlined LMS Coronation pacific on the West Coast Main Line, possibly taken during WW2. The engine is one of the first five built (6220-6224) although between 1939 and 1943 6220 was renumbered 6229 and vice versa (the real 6229 went to the USA in 1939 disguised as 6220).
This early model by home-builder extraordinaire Carl Fischer featured a coal range for heating and cooking.
Photo courtesy of Julie Mills.
From Vantastic by Chris Hunter, HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand).
Streamlined 1930s GG1 electric locomotive of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in Union Station as part of the centennial celebrations. This is number 4935, from the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, nicknamed "Blackjack." Top speed of these art deco beauties was 100 mph; obviously we haven't progressed much beyond that today. Conditins were very dark and the locomotive was black, so I had a hard time getting a decent shot of it.
Marcel Berthet's "Vélodyne", built by the Avions Caudron (Caudron Airplane Company). Photo taken at the Parc des Princes (Paris) on September 9th, 1933, when Berthet covered a record 48.604 kms in one hour.
Led by streamlined 4-6-2 class P steam locomotive 865, a SAL passenger train waits to depart the downtown St. Petersburg depot next to Webb's City in 1943. These locomotives hauled passenger trains between Wildwood, Florida and St. Petersburg. At Wildwood, northbound cars were combined with a Miami section to continue the journey to New York City, and southbound cars were retrieved to continue their journey to St. Petersburg. George W. Pettengill, Jr. photo, courtesy C. K. Marsh, Jr collection.
This is an unusual and very nice little model of a streamlined coach from 1939; length is about 3 1/2 inched (86 mm). I like the Art Deco design.
Transferring vehicle ownership from one Area I Soldier to another is now a lot quicker and easier than it was only weeks ago thanks to an arrangement worked out by the U.S. Army and officials of the city of Dongducheon.
The streamlined arrangement cuts vehicle transfer to a virtually one-stop, same-day process under an agreement reached between the U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I and Dongducheon city officials.
Under the new agreement, a Dongducheon city vehicle registration official has been assigned to work in the Area I vehicle registration office in Maude Hall, Room 2440. That means that much of the vehicle paperwork process that previously required trips to Dongducheon City Hall can now be done right in Maude Hall.
“That day, on the spot, one-stop, you never have to come back,” said Eliott Bradley, who heads the U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I’s Directorate of Emergency Services. “So that saves, right there, five days.”
The Dongducheon official works at Maude Hall Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
The agreement was signed Oct. 31 and took effect Nov. 1.
It applies not only to Soldiers but to all members of the Area I community – Defense Department civilians, dependents, authorized contractors and retirees, Bradley said.
Registering a vehicle for a member of the U.S. military community involves two sets of officials – those of the U.S. military itself, and local South Korean motor vehicle authorities.
In Area I until now, part of the ownership transfer process included actions that were only performed at Dongducheon City Hall. That added several days to the process of transferring ownership of a vehicle, said Bradley.
Now, ownership transfer, which includes transferring registration and plates and updating the vehicle decal, can be completed within a single day, Bradley said.
If a Soldier is nearing PCS and wants to sell a vehicle to another Soldier, for example, both would come to the vehicle registration office at Maude Hall with the necessary documents, among them driver’s license, insurance, and registration.
Once officials there ensure the documents are correctly filled out and otherwise in order, the Dongducheon official working there would print out new vehicle registration paperwork in the new owner’s name, Bradley said.
And the new owner would be issued an updated vehicle decal.
That’s days faster than before, mainly because Area I officials would have to travel to Dongducheon City Hall and – on Tuesdays or Thursdays only – drop off the required paperwork at the vehicle registration office.
“In the meantime the Soldiers would have to wait several days,” Bradley said.
Customers would have to make another trip to City Hall for the second phase to have license plates issued.
They would return to Maude Hall where an official decal would be put on the vehicle.
The new arrangement has also simplified some parts of the process of registering a newly arrived vehicle in Korea, Bradley said.
Having the Dongducheon official working out of Maude Hall speeds the process of getting that paperwork okayed, and the customer can then go, typically same day, to City Hall to be issued permanent plates.
But Area I officials are currently exploring steps that could eventually further streamline the process for registration of vehicles newly arrived in Korea, as well as for vehicles purchased from off-post dealers, Bradley said.
Capt. Nathan Bethea found transferring vehicle ownership much easier than it might have been for a process that involves two sets of authorities, one of them a foreign government.
Bethea went to Maude Hall Nov. 14 to take ownership of a gold-colored 1998 Daewoo Matiz he bought from a fellow-officer who was nearing PCS and had advertised it for sale.
They presented all the required paperwork and were in and out in about 45 minutes, said Bethea, assistant S-3 with Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment, part of the 2nd Infantry Division.
“All in all I felt the process was pretty easy,” he said. “Given that I’m dealing with a foreign country I found that it went a lot easier than it could have gone.
“For the simple fact that it eliminates us having to go down to a Korean government building, which I think might be intimidating just because of the language barrier and so on,” said Bethea. “Having it here made it much easier,” he said. “It’s no harder than registering a vehicle in the United States.”
Maude Hall’s vehicle registration office is also the place to register vehicles purchased from off-post Korean dealers.
Those wanting further details about vehicle registration and related matters can call the Vehicle Registration Office at 730-4494.
New plans for the streamlined theatre have been unveiled...
classiclasvegas.squarespace.com/classic-las-vegas-blog/
And here...
www.lvcitylife.com/articles/2008/08/14/news/local_news/iq...
Recent shift to AMC enables streamlined logistics services
By Sgt. 1st Class Jeff Troth
jefferey.l.troth.mil@mail.mil
CAMP CASEY, SOUTH KOREA – The logisticians who look after Warrior Country’s transportation, maintenance and supply needs are now able to provide even more robust services thanks to a recent change that gives them broader, faster reach into the Army’s overall logistics network.
The U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I’s Directorate of Logistics ran the Central Issue Facility at Camp Hovey and the transportation motor pools that provide buses and vehicle maintenance in Warrior Country.
They did that as part of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, of which USAG Red Cloud and Area I is a part.
But, effective Oct. 1, all Army DOL assets shifted from IMCOM to the U.S. Army Materiel Command. AMC is a global command that supports Army logistics worldwide.
The shift plugs in the DOL to AMC’s global logistics network.
And in Warrior Country, DOL is now part of the 403rd Army Field Support Brigade Area I, said DOL director Dennis Williams.
For Warrior Country customers, that’ll mean that when one of the 403rd AFSB’s facilities in Warrior Country runs low on an item – helmets or vehicle parts – for example, they can be shipped from another facility that does have them, even one in, say, Japan, Williams said.
The transition will not pose any confusion or inconvenience for DOL customers, he said.
“For Area I it will be transparent,” he said. “The services we did yesterday are the same services that we’ll do today and tomorrow.”
The Area I DOL marked the shift to AMC with a low-key patch-and-pin ceremony Oct. 3 at Camp Casey’s Carey Fitness Center.
There, DOL’s Soldiers traded in their seven-sided IMCOM patch for the shield-shaped AMC patch, while civilians received an AMC lapel pin.
“On behalf of the Army Materiel Command I want to welcome you to the new AMC family,” Col. Michael Lopez, commander of the 403rd AFSB, said during the ceremony.
For the more than 300 DOL Soldiers, Department of the Army Civilians and Korean civilians in Warrior Country, the 403rd AFSB is now their higher headquarters. But, they’re not alone. On Oct. 1, the 403rd also took command and control of all DOLs in Korea, Japan and Okinawa.
The changeover process was set in motion in March 2005 when the leadership of IMCOM and AMC decided to develop a logistics partnership to improve support to the Army and the Army’s transformation plan.
Techno Classica Essen 2014 - Reconstruction of Hanomag's streamlined record car, pictures collected here: www.flickr.com/photos/zappadong/6915788941/in/photolist-b...
Just look at that streamlined art deco locking lever and HR solenoid. Sweet.
Graflex Pacemaker Speed Graphic from somewhere between 1947 and 1970. A little rough but fully functional - includes a Graflok back, a working Heiland bulb flash and electric solenoid synchronizer. Fun to use but I can't imagine lugging this around for my day job.
From Graflex.org:
The Speed Graphic was manufactured by Graflex, in Rochester, New York and was the dominant portable professional camera from the 1930's through the end of the 1950's. In many ways, the Speed Graphic was America's first and last great camera.
The Speed Graphic camera has two shutters - focal plane and in-lens; three viewfinders - optical, wire frame and ground glass; interchangeable lenses; a rise and fall front; lateral shifts; a coupled rangefinder; and a double extension bellows adaptable to lenses from 90mm to over 300mm.
Afflicted by a ``Rube Goldberg'' variety of features, the Speed Graphic looks complicated but is one of the simplest and most flexible cameras made. Nothing in the Graphic is automated; if you don't pay attention you can double expose, shoot blanks, fog previous exposures or shoot out of focus images. However, once you get used to it, it is amazingly easy to use.
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[There are 8 images in this set] Pyramid Motors in Lynchburg, Virginia, an automobile dealership for Ford and Lincoln, came into being in 1937. Located on Federal Street, the building is described stylistically as Art Deco or Art Moderne. Built from plans of local architect Stanhope Johnson, Robert John Keller Jr., the structure has a brick foundation and brick walls with an asphalt roof. The building is a one-story, long streamlined structure with a yellow brick facade, accented in the upper part by horizontal bands of red and yellow brick. Three distinct areas characterize the dealership: (1) the semi-circular entrance featuring corbelled yellow brick with a red, circular metal canopy attached to the building by chains; (2) the showroom located to the left of the entry with red as the dominant color and with a wall of large windows through which the automobiles could tempt prospective customers; (3) and the service area to the right of the entrance, using yellow brick as the major color, and with banks of multiple-light steel windows divided by wide brick pilasters. A large chimney is above the service area. The structure presumably reflected the streamlined cars being sold, especially the Lincoln Zephyr. ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln-Zephyr ). In 1948 the building was sold and housed the Turner Buick Corporation, which operated until 1975. It's had other uses since then and currently is used by Centra Health for its PACE program--Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly.
The building has an individual listing on the National Register of Historic Places, listed November 1, 2007 with ID #07001140. The pdf file of the nomination form is located at
www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/118-5237_...
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Czechoslovakian streamlined wonder - the Tatra 603. This one is mine, and dates from 1964.
Camera: Nikon F5
Lens: Nikkor 28-80mm zoom
Film: Kodak Ektar 100
I gave up looking for parts I probably don't have and just ordered the remainder of the NYC streamlined Hudson project. It cost $12 for the BBB wheels (that were combined with the 2-6-2's wheels and ordered a week ago) and a little over $31 for the rest of the parts once the shipping and handling was applied. So ~$43 for the whole project isn't too bad.