View allAll Photos Tagged soilscience
Current faculty, staff and alumni gathered at the Plant and Soil Science Reunion in the Plant Science Plaza during Roundup week.
An area of bouldery soil (class 1).
Fragments on the Surface
This section discusses the description of rock fragments (especially stones and boulders) that are on the soil as opposed to in the soil. The description of gravel, cobbles, and channers (≥ 2mm but < 250 mm in diameter) differs from that for stones and boulders (≥ 250 mm in diameter) because an important aspect of gravel, cobbles, and channers is their areal percent cover on the ground surface. This cover provides some protection from wind and water erosion. It may also interfere with seed placement and emergence after germination. For stones and boulders, the percent of cover is not of itself as important as the interference with mechanical manipulation of the soil. For example, a very small areal percentage of large fragments, insignificant for erosion protection, may interfere with tillage, tree harvesting, and other operations involving machinery.
Class 1.—Stones or boulders cover 0.01 to less than 0.1 percent of the surface. The smallest stones are at least 8 meters apart; the
smallest boulders are at least 20 meters apart .
A representative of profile of the Songjeong soil (fine-loamy, Typic Hapludult) from the Oklahoma training area along the Civilian Control Zone in South Korea. The image is illustration 3.2 from the Planning Level Survey, 8th US Army Korea (1998). The primary purpose of planning level surveys are to ensure Army activities and natural resources conservation measures on mission land are integrated and consistent with federal stewardship requirements and host nation agreements.
Songjeong soils are on low undulating hills. Elevation ranges from about 5 to 50 meters. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous hardwood forest. The soils formed in material weathered from granite. The land is primarily forested or cultivated.
The central concept or Typic subgroup of Hapludults is fixed on freely drained soils that are moderately deep or deeper to hard rock. Typic Hapludults are of very large extent in the Eastern and Southeastern United States. The natural vegetation consisted of forest plants. Slopes range from nearly level to steep. Where slopes are suitable, many of these soils are used as cropland. Many of the soils, particularly those that are steep, are used as forest. Some are used as pasture or homesites.
For more information about Korea soil series, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Roddenagh series in a forested area from Ireland. These soils formed in loamy material over shale and slate bedrock.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=08...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Ferric Podzols (soils affected by Fe/Al chemistry increase).
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
Originally mapped as Fort Collins, the Forkwood soil series was first established in 1980 in Washakie County, in the north central part of the State, to more accurately reflect the climate and geomorphology of Wyoming. The series was most likely named after the Fork Wood River flowing through the Shoshone National Forest. The current type location is located in Niobrara County, Wyoming.
What makes the Forkwood state soil so important is what it is used for, and its prevalence in the State. Most of the Forkwood soils support semi-arid desert and grassland ecosystems. Common plant species consist of big sagebrush, western and bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, and needleandthread. These lands are home to pronghorn antelope, mule deer, coyote, jackrabbits, cottontail rabbits, birds common to shrub steppes and much more. Much of Wyoming is rangeland. The grasses that grow on Forkwood are important for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat.
For more information about this and other State Soils, visit the Soil Science Society of America "Around the World-State Soils" website.
Plate 47: Typical soil profile and associated landscape for the Al Zafrah series (soil AD247).
Taxonomic classification: Typic Torripsamments, mixed, hyperthermic
The Al Zafrah series is a moderately deep to deep sandy soil overlying bedrock (typically calcareous sandstone). The soils are typically somewhat excessively or excessively drained. They occur on gentle slopes within gently undulating to undulating deflation plains, sand sheets and low dunes. They are formed from eolian sands that overlie sandstone.
These soils are used for rangeland grazing of camels though vegetation cover is frequently less than 5% and often absent. Vegetation species recorded are Haloxylon salicornicum, Cyperus conglomeratus and Zygophyllum spp. together with occasional Stipagrostis plumosa.
This soil is common in throughout the Ghayathi sub-area and has also been described from the Al Ain sub-area. Minor occurrences have been recorded from the As Sila and Madinat Zayed subareas.
The main feature of this soil is the limited depth to a bedrock layer. The soil above the hardpan layer is sandy. The limited depth to bedrock is the main issue affecting management for irrigated agriculture as limited depth of soil has implications for plant root development and irrigation management. The sandy nature of the soil, giving rise to low nutrient storage and moisture holding capacities, is also an issue. The soil surface may need to be protected to prevent erosion by wind. This soil is marginally suitable for irrigated agriculture.
Leptic Haplogypsids, sandy, mixed, hyperthermic, petrogypsic phase (Soil AD114) are deep to very deep, sandy soils with gypsum occurring at or near the soil surface and a petrogypsic layer occurring below 100cm. They are well drained or somewhat excessively drained and permeability is moderately rapid or rapid. These soils commonly occur on older sediments in deflation plains and at the higher margins of inland and coastal sabkha. They are formed in old sand and gravel deposits.
They are commonly used for low intensity camel grazing. They frequently have less than 5% vegetation cover comprising Haloxylon salicornicum and Zygophyllum spp.
These soils occur throughout the Emirate but most commonly in the north-eastern parts, north of the Abu Dhabi to Al Ain road and also at the western margins of Sabkha Matti.
Plate 12: Typical soil profile and associated landscape for Leptic Haplogypsids, sandy, mixed, hyperthermic, petrogypsic phase (Soil AD114).
Correlation Note:
These soils are marginal in taxonomic placement. They typically have fragic soil properties starting at 64 cm. This layer (64 to 91 cm) is described as 60 percent 2Btx material. Soils with 60 percent or more fragic soil properties qualify as a fragipan if 15 cm or more thick. The typical pedon meets this requirement within a depth of 100cm, indicating a "Fragiudult" great group placement.
They are moderately well drained and thought to have aquic properties (episaturation), however, the depth requirements to 2 chroma depletions are not met with the required occurrence (within the upper 25 cm of the argillic horizon) to be in an aquic subgroup for Fragiudults. This requirement is met in the upper 44 cm of the argillic (at 64 cm). The depth to aquic features are too deep for Typic or Aeric Fragiaquults (within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface) and to shallow for the central concept of well drained Typic Fragiudults.
The pedon best fits the concept of a "Oxyaquic" subgroup. However, the "Oxyaquic" subgroup is not currently established in the Fragiudults greatgroup. Oxyaquic soils in Udults are in normal years--saturated with water in one or more layers within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface for either or both 20 or more consecutive days; or 30 or more cumulative days. Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table in Muscatatuck soils is about 50 cm in the months of January, February, March, April, and December. Fragiaquic Paleudults have aquic conditions within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface.
If the taxonomic placement is correct--and range for the depth to the 2Btx layer and depth to aquic conditions are accurate; the quantity of fragic soil properties should be limited to a range of 30 to "less" than 60 percent to meet the current classification.
_____________________________________
The Muscatatuck series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in loess, pedisediment, drift and the underlying residuum from limestone. These soils are on dissected till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1067 mm (42 inches) and mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Fragiaquic Paleudults
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of nearly level and gently sloping. Muscatatuck soils are used for growing corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. The steeper slopes generally are in pasture or forest. Native vegetation is deciduous mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 114A in Indiana. The series is of small extent.
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: more than 203 cm (80 inches)
Depth to a layer with fragic soil properties: 51 to 91 cm (20 to 36 inches)
Thickness of the loess: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to a lithic contact: more than 203 cm (80 inches)
Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.7 feet (January,
February, March, April, December)
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/indiana/jennin...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/M/MUSCATATUCK.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Santa series in Idaho. The Santa series consists of moderately well drained soils that are moderately deep to a fragipan.
Landscape: Santa soils are on undulating to rolling loess hills and plains and have slopes of 2 to 35 percent. These soils are used for timber production, hay and pasture with small areas of wheat, barley, and grass seed.
Santa soils formed in deep loess with a small amount of volcanic ash in the upper part. The mean annual precipitation is about 685mm and the mean annual temperature is about 6.1 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Vitrandic Fragixeralfs
Average annual soil temperature: 6.7 to 8 degrees C.
Soil moisture: Usually moist, dry for 45 to 65 consecutive days in mid and late summer.
Depth to fragipan: 50 to 100 cm
Volcanic ash influence: 18 to 50 cm
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layers:
Volcanic glass content 5 to 20 percent
Acid oxalate-extractable Al + Fe 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Moist bulk density 1.0 to 1.4 g/cc
An O horizon is present in some pedons.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, hay and pasture with small areas of wheat, barley, and grass seed. The potential natural vegetation is an overstory of grand fir, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western larch, lodgepole pine and western white pine. Understory vegetation includes myrtle pachstima, bromegrass, bedstraw, lily-of-the-valley and meadowrue.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Idaho and northeastern Washington. MLRAs 9 and 43A. The series is of moderate extent.
For additional information about Idaho soils, please visit:
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/97d01af9d4554b9097cb0a477e04...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/S/SANTA.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A soil profile of a well drained, sandy Haplorthod in Michigan. This soil has an ochric epipedon consisting of a dark brown surface
layer (about 10 centimeters thick) and an underlying light gray albic horizon (between depths of 10 and about 30 centimeters).
Note the irregular lower boundary of the albic horizon. Below the albic horizon is a brown and reddish yellow spodic horizon that extends to a depth of about 90 centimetrs. Note the brown streaks extending into the reddish yellow material. The tongues of albic and spodic materials reflect the flow of water through the soil. (Soil Survey Staff. 2015. Illustrated guide to Soil Taxonomy. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, Nebraska)
Haplorthods are the relatively freely drained Orthods that either have an albic (light-colored and leached) horizon and a spodic (accumulation of translocated organic matter in complex with aluminum and also commonly iron) subsoil horizon or, under cultivation, commonly have only a spodic horizon below an Ap horizon. The spodic horizon may rest on a lower sequum with an argillic (clay accumulation) subsoil horizon or kandic (very low cationexchange capacity) subsoil horizon over relatively unaltered unconsolidated materials or on rock. Most Haplorthods have, or used to have, forest vegetation, mainly conifers but also hardwoods in some areas. A majority of these soils formed in sandy deposits or in materials weathered from sandstone or quartzite.
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
A representative soil profile of the Pywell series in idaho.
The Pywell series consists of very deep, very poorly drained organic soils in depressional areas of bottomlands, drainageways and flood plains. They formed in material derived dominantly from herbaceous plants, but including some woody materials. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. Average annual precipitation is about 625 mm, and the average annual air temperature is about 7.2 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Euic, frigid Typic Haplosaprists
Average annual soil temperature -- 6.1 to 7.8 degrees C.
Depth to high water table -- 28 to 90 cm (January to December) drained, 0 to 28 cm (December to July) undrained.
Organic layers -- more than 75 cm thick mostly sapric, but some pedons have variable amounts of fibric or hemic material
Volcanic ash -- thin, discontinuous layers present in some pedons (0.5 to 8 cm thick)
Woody material -- 0 to 35 percent, present in the lower part of some pedons
Reaction -- neutral to very strongly acid throughout
USE AND VEGETATION: Most Pywell soils have been cleared, diked, and drained for farming. They are used primarily for production of spring wheat, oats, barley, grass seed, hay, and pasture. Some areas are used for wetland wildlife habitat. Natural vegetation is willow, black cottonwood, thinleaf alder, pyramid spirea, narrowleaf cattail, reed canary grass, sedge, and rush with scattered western redcedar and Englemann spruce along edges of meadows.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and possibly northwestern Montana. The series is moderately extensive. MLRAs 9 and 44A.
For additional information about Idaho soils, please visit:
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/97d01af9d4554b9097cb0a477e04...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/P/PYWELL.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Soil profile: The Rosman series consists of very deep, well drained to moderately well drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils on flood plains in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
Landscape: Soybeans growing in an area of Rosman loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. The Valley River flood plain system is a highly productive section of the survey area. (Soil Survey of Cherokee County,
North Carolina; by Brian Wood and Southern Blue Ridge Soil Survey Office, Natural Resources
Conservation Service)
These soils formed in loamy alluvium derived from igneous, high-grade metamorphic or low-grade metasedimentary geology. Average annual precipitation is about 65 inches and mean annual temperature is about 53 degrees F., near the type location. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Humudepts
Solum thickness ranges from 35 to 60 inches or more. The soil ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the A and upper Bw or C horizons and from strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower horizons. Content of flakes of mica ranges from few to many. The loamy horizons extend to depths of at least 40 inches. Strata of contrasting textures may occur in the C horizon below a depth of 40 inches. Gravel content is less than 15 percent by volume in the upper 40 inches and may range up to 50 percent in horizons below 40 inches.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the acreage is cleared and in cultivation. The chief crops are corn, truck crops, hay, ornamentals, and pasture grasses. In forested areas common trees are yellow-poplar, eastern white pine, American sycamore, river birch, red maple, northern red oak, willow oak, and black walnut. Understory plants include rhododendron, ironwood, flowering dogwood, alder, greenbrier, and switchcane.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Blue Ridge mountains, MLRA 130B of North Carolina, Tennessee, and possibly Virginia, . This series is of moderate extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/north_carolina...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/R/ROSMAN.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
An Entic Hapludoll from south-west Poland--lower Silesia region and the Sudetes Mountains formed in alluvial sands. (Photo provided by Cezary Kabala, Institute of Soil Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.)
Entic Hapludoll do not have a cambic horizon or are calcareous in the lower part of the mollic epipedon or throughout any cambic horizon. Most of the soils are sandy and show relatively weak horizon development. Slopes are moderate to strong and are convex. These soils are of small extent, mostly in Iowa and Minnesota, in the United States. They supported mostly tall grasses and commonly are used as cropland.
Hapludolls generally have a cambic horizon below a mollic epipedon. There may be a Bk horizon below the cambic horizon, and a few of the soils have enough secondary carbonates for a calcic horizon. Hapludolls formed mostly in Holocene or late-Pleistocene deposits or on surfaces of that age. Slopes generally are gentle, and most of the soils are cultivated. Hapludolls are extensive soils in Iowa, Minnesota, and adjacent states.
These soils are classified as Hortic Anthrosol (Arenic, Eutric) by the World Reference Base (WRB).
For more information about this soil, visit:
karnet.up.wroc.pl/~kabala/Antropo.html
For more information on the World Reference Base soil classification system, visit:
www.fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf
For additional information about the US Soil Taxonomy soil classification system, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
An Aqui-Gelic Cambosol. These soils distribute oddly in valley plains on plateau, as well as in part of both sides of river valley, valley plain and terraces, as well as depressive flatland of Sanjiang Plain and Songhuajiang-nenjiang Plain. All those areas are with cryic soil temperatue regime and aquic moisture regime. Parent materials are alluvial and lacustrine deposits. Presence of a seasonally frozen layer, and water above the frozen layer create good conditions for the growth of meadow plants and development of these soils. (Photos and notes courtesy of China Soils Museum, Guangdong Institute of World Soil Resources; with revision.)
In Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Cambosols have low-grade soil development with formation of horizon of alteration or weak expression of other diagnostic horizons. In Soil Taxonomy these soils are commonly Inceptisols, Mollisols, or Gelisols.
For additional information about this soil and the Soils Museum, visit:
www.giwsr.com/en/article/index/231
For additional information about Soil Taxonomy, visit:
Gelic materials.—Diagnostic soil material recognized in mineral and organic soils that are subject to intense cryoturbation. Many of these soils are affected by permafrost. Gelic materials are identified either in the freeze-thaw active layer, commonly just above the permafrost and/or in the upper part of the permafrost. In some cases there is no permafrost within 200 cm of the soil surface. Gelic materials are formed by cryopedogenic processes and can be identified by either macro- or micromorphological properties. Macromorphological evidence includes irregular and broken horizons, involutions, accumulation of organic matter on top of and within the permafrost, oriented rock fragments, silt enriched layers, and ice segregation forms (such as lenses, vein ice, ice wedges, and segregated ice crystals). Micromorphological evidence includes the micro fabric forms “orbiculic,” “conglomeric,” “banded,” and “vesicular.” The presence of gelic materials is a criterion used in the taxonomic keys. Depending on the depth to gelic materials, their presence is used to identify soils of the Gelisols order; Turbels suborder; and Turbic subgroups within some Andisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Spodosols. See active layer and cryoturbation.
Figure 48.—Soil profile and landscape of a Glacistel in Alaska with a permanently frozen ice layer (designated “Wf”) between depths of 55 and 105 cm. Soils with gelic materials may also have a glacic layer composed of massive ice or ground ice in the form of ice lenses or wedges. Where present, the glacic layer is 30 cm or more thick and contains 75 percent or more visible ice.
A coarse-loamy, superactive, isothermic, Andic Humudepts. (Original image provided by Edson Marroquín).
Humudepts are the Inceptisols that have an udic moisture regime and an umbric or mollic epipedon.
Andic Humudepts are the Humudepts that have, in one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, a fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm3 or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus 1/2 Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0.
To visit the Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 13th Edition, 2022, click HERE.
For an Illustrated Guide to Soil Taxonomy, click HERE.
For an overview video of Soil Taxonomy, click HERE.
Soil profile: A Endohypersodic, Epipedal, Black Vertosol. Original notes and photos provided by the State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria) with revision.
Landscape: A level plain (0-1% slope) within the Bass River Plain (back swamp). Original vegetation included Melaleuca sp. These soils formed in Quaternary swamp deposits.
For more information about these soils, visit;
vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/portregn.nsf/pages/ppw...
In soil taxonomy, these soils are Vertisols. For more information about Soil Taxonomy, visit;
A redox concentration occurring as a pore lining.
Redox concentrations. Bodies of apparent accumulation of Fe-Mn oxides (figs. 54 and 55). Redox concentrations include soft masses, pore linings, nodules, and concretions. For the purposes of the indicators, nodules and concretions are excluded from the concept of redox concentrations unless otherwise specified by specific indicators. See Vepraskas (1994) for a complete discussion.
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States; A Guide for Identifying and Delineating Hydric Soils, Version 9.0, 2024.
Lyle Waller of Union County earned 2nd place in the White Corn division of the 2011 Kentucky Corn Yield Contest. HIs yield was 236.10 buA using Pioneer P1431W seed. Pictured with Waller is Ray Allan Mackey (right), president of the Kentucky Corn Growers Association. KyCGA sponsors the yield contest.
A representative soil profile of a Humic Dystrocryept in Idaho.
These soils are like Typic Dystrocryepts, but they have a thick surface layer and an umbric or mollic epipedon. Many of the soils are in areas of higher precipitation than the soils of the Typic subgroup. Humic Dystrocryepts are of moderate extent in the United States. They are mostly in the mountains of the Western States. The vegetation is mostly coniferous forest. The soils are used mainly for timber production and wildlife habitat.
Dystrocryepts are the Cryepts that do not have free carbonates and have a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 60 percent in all horizons at a depth between 25 and 75 cm from the mineral soil surface.
Cryepts are the cold Inceptisols of high mountains or high latitudes. They cannot have permafrost within 100 cm of the soil surface. TCryepts are moderately extensive in the United States. They occur in the high mountains of the West and in southern Alaska as well as in other mountainous areas of the world.
The central concept of Inceptisols is that of soils that are of cool to very warm, humid and subhumid regions and that have a cambic horizon. The order of Inceptisols includes a wide variety of soils. In some areas Inceptisols are soils with minimal development, while in other areas they are soils with diagnostic horizons that merely fail the criteria of the other soil orders. Inceptisols have many kinds of diagnostic horizons and epipedons.
Skeletal soils have in the particle-size control section, 10 percent or more fine-earth and a total content of rock fragments, plus any artifacts 2 mm or larger in diameter which are both cohesive and persistent, of 35 percent or more (by volume).
For additional information about Idaho soils, please visit:
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/97d01af9d4554b9097cb0a477e04...
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/survey/class...
This photo accompanies Figure 12.—Indicator A6, Organic Bodies. [Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States].
Soils with organic bodies are commonly in depressions and level flats. The soils are ponded with a seasonal water table at or near the surface for 3 months or more.
The subsoil (Bt horizon) averages 35 to 60 percent clay but may range to 70 percent in some subhorizons. It has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. Hue also ranges to 5YR if evident patterns of mottling are lacking in the Bt and BC horizons. Mottles that are few and random are included. The Bt horizon is clay loam, clay, or sandy clay and contains less than 30 percent silt.
It is at least 24 to 50 inches thick and extends to 40 inches or more. Depth to bedrock ranges from 6 to 10 feet or more. The subsoil ranges from strongly acid or very strongly acid. Limed soils are typically moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part. Content of coarse fragments range from 0 to 10 percent by volume in the Bt horizon. Fragments are dominantly gravel or cobble in size. Most pedons have few to common flakes of mica in the Bt horizon.
The Cecil series consists of very deep, well drained moderately permeable soils on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. They are deep to saprolite and very deep to bedrock. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic, igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 48 inches and mean annual temperature is 59 degrees F. near the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults
For a detailed description of the soil, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/C/CECIL.html
For more photos related to soils and landscapes visit:
A representative soil profile of the Still series in California. (Soil Survey of Pinnacles National Monument, California; by Ken Oster, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Still series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvial material from sedimentary rocks. Still soils are on flood plains and alluvial fans and have slopes of 0 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 18 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 60 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Cumulic Haploxerolls
Note: A Still taxadjunct pedon was sampled in Pinnacles National Monument in 2006 - Pedon No 06N0207. The pedon was a taxadjunct due to silty clay loam textures below 40 inches that was strongly to violently effervescent.
USE AND VEGETATION: The soil is used for cultivated alfalfa, sugar beets and dry farmed grain. Natural vegetation is mainly annual grasses with scattered oaks.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Valleys of the south half of the Coast Range in California. The soils are inextensive.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/CA7...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/S/STILL.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Barnamire series in an area of unimproved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in sandy material over acid and basic igneous bedrock.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=08...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are HumoFerric Podzols (soils affected by Fe/Al chemistry increase).
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
Our fulvic acid has flake/granular/powder, and liquid is also available in the same time.
●100% Water Soluble
●Organic Mineral source
●Free sample to test
●Certificated by OMRI & REACH
....
Let me know if you have any interested or question.We can provide more analysis and detail for you.
Zhengzhou Shengda Khumic Biotechnology Co.,Ltd The Largest Humic & Fulvic Products Manufacturer In China.
Email:melisa@khumic.com|Whatsapp:008618503872723 | Website: www.khumic.com
Phone:+86-371-60992820
Office:Juyimogen Business Center,No.59 Huayuan Road,Zhengzhou,China(Mainland).
Factory: Naomaohu Industrial Park, Hami City, Xinjiang Province, China.
Main products:Humic Acid, Potassium Humate, Fulvic Acid, Potassium Fulvate,Seaweed Extract,Amino Acid,etc.
Woodrum Brothers Farm in Casey County earned 1st place in District 6 No-Till division of the 2011 Kentucky Corn Yield Contest. Their yield was 244.54 buA using DeKalb DKC64-69 seed. Pictured with the Woodrums is Ray Allan Mackey (right), president of the Kentucky Corn Growers Association. KyCGA sponsors the yield contest.
A representative soil profile of a Spodic Dystrudept from Forest County, NE Wisconsin. (Photo provided by R. Schaetzl.)
Spodic Dystrudepts have a weak accumulation of amorphous materials. They are presumed to be developing toward Spodosols, mainly Orthods, but are too weakly developed to be classified as Spodosols. Spodic Dystrudepts are of moderate extent in the United States. They are mainly in the Northeastern States.
Dystrudepts are the acid Udepts of humid and perhumid regions. They developed mostly in late-Pleistocene or Holocene deposits. Some developed on older, steeply sloping surfaces. The parent materials generally are acid, moderately or weakly consolidated sedimentary or metamorphic rocks or acid sediments. A few of the soils formed in saprolite derived from igneous rocks. The vegetation was mostly deciduous trees. Most of the Dystrudepts that formed in alluvium are now cultivated, and many of the other Dystrudepts are used as pasture. The normal horizon sequence in Dystrudepts is an ochric epipedon over a cambic horizon. Some of the steeper Dystrudepts have a shallow densic, lithic, or paralithic contact. Dystrudepts are extensive in the United States. They are mostly in the Eastern and Southern States.
Udepts are mainly the more or less freely drained Inceptisols that have a udic or perudic moisture regime. They formed on nearly level to steep surfaces, mostly of late-Pleistocene or Holocene age. Some of the soils, in areas where the soil moisture regime is perudic, formed in older deposits. Most of the soils had or now have a forest vegetation, but some support shrubs or grasses. A few formed from Mollisols by truncation of the mollic epipedon, mostly under cultivation. Most of the soils have an ochric or umbric epipedon and a cambic horizon. Some also have a sulfuric horizon, a fragipan, or a duripan. The Udepts in the United States are most extensive in the Appalachian Mountains, on the Allegheny Plateau, and on the west coast.
For more information about soils and the Michigan State University-Department of Geography, visit:
project.geo.msu.edu/soilprofiles/
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
Soil profile: A Melacic-mottled, Mesotrophic, Brown Chromosol. Original notes and photos provided by the State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria) with revision.
Landscape: Undulating Low Hills on a north-west slope of low rise (7%) with native vegetation of Yellow stringy bark, Gippsland grey box, and Black wattle. The soils formed from Neogene sediments.
Chromosols (Australian Soil Classification) display strong texture contrast between the surface (A) horizons and the clay subsoil (B) horizons. The subsoil is also not strongly acid, i.e. pH is greater than 5.4 in water, and non-sodic (at least in the upper horizons). There may be a bleached subsurface (A2) horizon overlying the clay subsoil.
For more information about these soils, visit;
vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/egregn.nsf/pages/eg_egg5
In soil taxonomy, these soils are commonly Alfisols and some Aridisols. For more information about Soil Taxonomy, visit;
A representative soil profile of the Mullabane series in an area of improved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in coarse loamy drift with limestones.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=11...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Typical Brown Earth (relatively young soils or soils with little profile development).
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
A representative soil profile of the Bantry series in an area of unimproved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in peat over sandstone and shale bedrock.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=04...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Histic Lithosols. Histic Lithosols have a peaty surface horizon (> 20% organic carbon) less than 40 cm thick.
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
A representative soil profile of the Tooreenbane series in an area of improved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in coarse loamy drift with siliceous stones.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=11...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Stagnic Brown Earths (relatively young soils or soils with little profile development).
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
Northeast Regional Soil Collegiate Competition ⛏📋🐾 #HuskyUnleashed #BloomOnward #EGGS #EnvironmentalGeoscience #SoilScience #geology #dirt
A representative soil profile of the Clashmore series in an area of improved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in coarse loamy drift with siliceous stones.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=11...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Humic-stagnic Brown Earths. These soils have humose topsoil and display stagnic properties as a result of the presence of a slowly permeable sub-surface horizon.
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
A representative soil profile of the Topdeck series. The Topdeck series consists of shallow, well drained soils that formed in colluvium and residuum from basalt, breccia, and andesite. (Supplement to the Soil Survey of Los Angeles County, California, Southeastern Part; by Randy L. Riddle and Christopher “Kit” Paris, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
These soils are on marine terraces and side slopes of hills and mountains. Slopes range from 2 to 100 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 457 millimeters (18 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 19 degrees C (66 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Lithic Argixerolls
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 66 degrees F. (16 to 18 degrees C.) Soil moisture: Soil is dry from mid-June through mid-November.
Depth to lithic bedrock: 10 to 20 inches (25 to 50 centimeters).
Organic matter: 1 to 2 percent throughout, decreasing with depth.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wildlife habitat, recreation and building site development. Vegetation is coastal sage brush, buckwheat and needle grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Santa Barbara County, California. The soil is of limited extent and found only on the Channel Islands. MLRA 20.
Fohttps://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/losangelesCA2017_SE_supp/Supplement_LA_County_CA_SE_Part.pdfr additional information about the survey area, visit:
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/T/TOPDECK.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Dickson soil series. (Soil Survey of Cannon County, Tennessee; by By Jerry L. Prater, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Dickson series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that have a slowly permeable fragipan in the subsoil. These soils formed in a silty mantle 2 to 4 feet thick and the underlying residuum of limestone. They are on nearly level to sloping uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudults
Depth to the fragipan ranges from 18 to 36 inches. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid except where lime has been added. Fragments of gravel range from none to 10 percent in the lower Btx horizon and up to 35 percent in the 2Bt horizon. Depth to hard bedrock is greater than 5 feet.Some pedons have a paralithic contact below 60 inches. Transition horizons have color and textures similar to adjacent horizons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used for growing hay, pasture, small grains, corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Some areas are in forest chiefly of oaks, yellow-poplar, hickories, gums, and maples.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Highland Rim in Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and the Pennyroyal of Kentucky. The series is of large extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/tennessee/cann...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/D/DICKSON.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Sustainable Solutions for Professional AG Soil Management (www.ReduceFarmCosts.com) - Photo of Utisol Soil Series Soilscape courtesy of Professional AG Soil Nutrition Products, Reduce Farm Costs and Sustainable Soil Management Solutions. (www.reducefarmcosts.com)
soilscience-5104786861_0407c5133a_o
A representative soil profile of the NewInn series in an area of improved grassland from Ireland. These soils formed in coarse loamy drift with siliceous stones.
For detailed information about this soil, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/rep_profile_sheet.php?series_code=11...
For information about the soil series of Ireland, visit;
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/soilguide.php
In the Irish soil classification system these soils are Humic-gleyic Brown Earths (relatively young soils or soils with little profile development).
For more information about describing and classifying soils using the Irish Soils Classification System, visit:
gis.teagasc.ie/soils/downloads/SIS_Final_Technical_Report...
A representative soil profile of a Typic Dystrudept from the Carpathian Mts., Slovakia-Poland-Ukraine border, Ukraine. (Photo provided by P. Samonil.)
The central concept or Typic subgroup of Dystrudepts is fixed on soils that are moderately deep or deep to hard rock, are freely drained and acid, have an ochric epipedon, and do not have any intermittent argillic, natric, or kandic horizon.
Dystrudepts are the acid Udepts of humid and perhumid regions. They developed mostly in late-Pleistocene or Holocene deposits. Some developed on older, steeply sloping surfaces. The parent materials generally are acid, moderately or weakly consolidated sedimentary or metamorphic rocks or acid sediments. A few of the soils formed in saprolite derived from igneous rocks. The vegetation was mostly deciduous trees. Most of the Dystrudepts that formed in alluvium are now cultivated, and many of the other Dystrudepts are used as pasture. The normal horizon sequence in Dystrudepts is an ochric epipedon over a cambic horizon. Some of the steeper Dystrudepts have a shallow densic, lithic, or paralithic contact. Dystrudepts are extensive in the United States, mostly in the Eastern and Southern States.
For more information about soils and the Michigan State University-Department of Geography, visit:
project.geo.msu.edu/soilprofiles/
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
A representative soil profile of an Ustic Haplocalcid from New Mexico. (Photo provided by C. Monger.)
Ustic Haplocalcids are the Haplocalcids that have a soil moisture regime that borders on ustic. Haplocalcids are the Calcids that have a calcic horizon with its upper boundary within 100 cm of the soil surface. These soils do not have a duripan or an argillic, natric, or petrocalcic horizon within 100 cm of the soil surface. Some of the soils have a cambic horizon above the calcic horizon. Haplocalcids are extensive.
Calcids are the Aridisols with calcium carbonate that was in the parent materials or was added as dust, or both. Precipitation is insufficient to leach or even move the carbonates to great depths. The upper boundary of the calcic or petrocalcic horizon is normally within 50 cm of the soil surface. If the soils are irrigated and cultivated, micronutrient deficiencies are normal. These soils are extensive in the western part of the United States and in other arid regions of the world.
For more information about soils and the Michigan State University-Department of Geography, visit:
project.geo.msu.edu/soilprofiles/
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
A soil profile of a poorly drained Duraquod, the Woodlyn soil series in Washington State. This soil has an ochric epipedon that has been plowed to a depth of about 25 to 30 cm. The subsoil below a depth of about 45 to 50 cm is a spodic horizon cemented by an accumulation of iron and organic matter. (Soil Survey Staff. 2015. Illustrated guide to Soil Taxonomy. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, Nebraska)
These soils have a cemented soil layer that in many areas is a combination of iron and/or aluminum and organic matter. In some of these soils, silica also is a cementing agent. Duraquods are seasonally saturated above the cemented soil layer but not necessarily below it. In the United States, these soils occur mostly in the Pacific Northwest and in the Lakes States region. They also are known to occur in New Zealand, in areas of kauri trees. The cemented soil layer in Duraquods severely restricts plant rooting. Currently, few of these soils are recognized worldwide.
For additional information about soil classification, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/cla...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
The Hard Labor series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in material weathered from felsic igneous and metamorphic rock, primarily granite and granite gneiss. The Hard Labor soils are on summits and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. There is a perched water table in late winter and early spring. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation is 45 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Oxyaquic Kanhapludults
For more information on Soil Taxonomy, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/survey/class/
For a detailed description of the soil, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/H/HARD_LABOR.html
For more photos related to soils and landscapes visit: