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Johnny Corneil Jack Flaman Loch Morrison
Jordy Stallard Conor McCollum Mason McCarty
Congratulations to our 2022 graduating @axemenhockey
Best of luck in your future endeavours
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Some relevant School news clippings,
Feb 24, 2022 - Wolfville, N.S. Acadia University. The Acadia University Professors strike enters its 4th week ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51901774104
Acadia University, Sept 30th, yet another day off ? The number of days of actual classroom time is becoming extremely limited ? Are students who pay for a year of University services being ripped off ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51537495464/in/album-7...
Sept 30th 2022 - Artificial Intelligence strikes the good ole hockey game ? Acadia Axeman hockey at Andrew H. McCain Arena goes paperless ? The Official paper program no longer handed out to paying customer ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52395343477
January 22, 2024 - Canada sets two-year cap on foreign students. The cap will result in a decrease of 35% in approved study permits.
www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68059996
Dec 14,2021 - Don't all members matter ? Discrimination against non-school community members at Acadia Athletics during Covi. A posted official notice at Acadia reads : "The Acadia Athletics complex will be closed to community drop-ins, community memberships, and external rentals until further notice , However,, Acadia staff, faculty and students, with proof of double vaccination, will continue to access the fitness center, pool and the arena for skating. "
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51748079885
International student fallout hits the bottom line.. Atlantic universities depend on international students for about 30 per cent of their enrollment.
universityaffairs.ca/news/international-student-fallout-h...
May 11th 2023 - A new race based policy is announced at Acadia where almost half of seats for a new Course are to be set aside and reserved only for members of certain racial or ethnic groups as to be specified by the University ? The Provincial Government has announced that a new nursing program is to be offered at Acadia University where approximately 50 percent of the seats are reserved only for African, Mi'kmaq and Indigenous students. The total number of annual seats set to increase to 63 ? When bearing in mind the current health care worker crisis and an urgent need for nursing grads, is it really wise or responsible to install race or ethnic restrictions that could eliminate many of those wanting to apply ? www2.acadiau.ca/about-acadia/newsroom/news-reader-page/ac...
Dec 27, 2021 - Playing the race card in a pandemic ? The Liberal Provincial Government is on a slippery slope by choosing to use a person's race to determine which applicants will get preferential treatment during a short supply emergency situation in an international health crisis ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51782360402/in/album-7...
The Supreme Court says colleges and universities can no longer take race into consideration as a specific basis for granting admission,
www.cnn.com/2023/06/29/politics/affirmative-action-suprem...
Free University for some ? B.C. university waives tuition for local First Nation students,
bc.ctvnews.ca/that-s-reconciliation-b-c-university-waives...
Oct 10, 2025 - R-Studio gym in Halifax plays the race card ? R-Studio, a local workout gym, initiates a racial policy by offerring their price membership charge to be determined by your race ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsHpxm3yb7c&t=20s
June 11, 2025 - Maritime students struggling to find scarce hard to find summer jobs in Canada,
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/mission-impossible-mariti...
Tim Horton's appears to use racial profiling in its hiring policies ? Why aren't the Liberals upset over this clear example of inequality and non inclusion ? Kody Bloise Liberal Party, 101A-24 Harbourside drive Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2C1 Telephone: 902-542-4010
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54605482350/in/album-7...
Canada's Gen Z can't find jobs ? www.cbc.ca/news/business/youth-unemployment-rate-1.7549979
The Koncerned Kentvillian must ask himself, " why is it every time you gas up at Milne Court Petro-Can, New Minas Ultramar, KVille Ultramar and now the Big Stop, or go to the KFC for chicken, or Mary Browns, or the Burger King, or Subway, or all 3 Timmies for coffee, or Walmart, or Needs, or receive a parcel from amazon, or attend the cash register post to pay a bill at many other stores, it feels like you're suddenly in a foreign country ? " What has happened to all of the friendly locals that used to hold these positions and that were one of the main reasons we all frequented these establishments ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54418705157/
Kody Bloise Liberal Party, 101A-24 Harbourside drive Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2C1 Telephone: 902-542-4010 Fax: 902-542-4184
King Annapolisa ? Is there an identity crisis looming in Kentville ? Somebody get that King a crown and sceptre ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54557663677/in/dateposted
Canada's post-secondary industry predicts a storm ahead, as budget cuts shrink courses, staff,
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/post-secondary-cuts-1.7387175
July 1, 2021 - the Prime Minister of Canada will not be celebrating Canada Day this year claiming that, for some, Canada Day isn't a day to celebrate." Wha-a-a-a-t -t-t ??? www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-day-political-reaction-1....
U of T Toronto, Jun 27, 2023 - Jully "I Sung it my Way" Black makes up her own personalized and politicized, 'our home on native land' version of the Canadian National anthem in performance at Toronto university graduation. Black was asked to perform her unique way to sing Canada's national anthem to reflect the core values of the U of T law program ? www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/jully-black-tmu-law-school...
Dec 16th 2023 - O Canada sung in Punjabi at the NHL Jets hockey game in Winnipeg Manitoba,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKifMtbbyJg
2026 Calgary Stampede - Punjabi cowboys at Stampede ?
x.com/CelticAshes/status/2082533482106872200
Apr 15, 2024 - Opioid-related deaths have now doubled in Canada ?
atlantic.ctvnews.ca/video/c2904079-opioid-related-deaths-...
Apr 29 2024 - Liberals legalize hard drugs ? Ottawa has allowed B.C. to decriminalize small amounts of hard drugs like heroin and fentanyl starting in 2023, www.cbc.ca/news/politics/decriminalization-british-columb...
July 7th 2024 - Come from Away ? attn Nova Scotia, SOS invasion alert ? An epidemic of violent crime, drugs, homelessness and opioid deaths now hitting the big cities in the friendly, down home and laid back Maritime provinces starting in Moncton and Halifax ?
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/video/
March 18, 2025 - Professors, students say Nova Scotia university bill threatens academic freedoms ?
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/professors-st...
March 4th, 2025 - Trump issues a ban on 'illegal' college protests as he threatens students with arrest and deportation,
www.lbc.co.uk/usa/politics/trump-issues-ban-on-illegal-co...
April 9, 2025 - Trump administration freezes $1 billion in funding for Cornell University, $790 million for Northwestern University ,,
www.cnn.com/2025/04/09/us/cornell-northwestern-federal-fu...
Jan 20,2026 - Trump hates the wind turbines ? ‘so pathetic and so bad and You might notice that China makes and sells them but they will never use them .'
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wkHCSbSwkw
5th Mar 5th, 2025 - U.S. funding freeze affecting both American and international exchange students and major US scholarship funders,
monitor.icef.com/2025/03/us-funding-freeze-affecting-both...
Trump protecting nations historic statues - enacts automatic 10 years in jail penalty for harming or defacing a historical statue, www.cbsnews.com/video/trump-signs-executive-order-enactin...
February 10, 2025 - Acadia University cuts back on athletics ? Announces permanent pool closure, discontinues varsity swim team - will close its swimming pool complex on June 15, 2025,
Students chose Acadia because of the swim team and many parents got calls “from their kids – in tears – devastated.”
Acadia Aquatics,
recreation.acadiau.ca/aquatics.html
How not to park at Hennigers farm Market Greenwich,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54788130883
April 13, 2025 - Eight programs suspended at P.E.I. college over drop in international students,
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/prince-edward-island/article/pei-...
Sept 13th, 2025 - Acadia Axemen and Dal Tigers hockey teams cross the Dal strikers picket line to play an Exhibition game at Dalhousie University ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54784598896/in/photost...
Town of Wolfville breaking the law, obstructing traffic, while creating a safety hazard ? Making trip to and from hockey games has become a real challenge ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54710009955/in/photost...
Sep 29, 2025 - Wolfville now studying ways to solve traffic congestion problem on Main Street ? Acadia University access has become challenging ?
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/wolfville-nova-scotia-...
Gambling in amateur Sport ? CBC has introduced gambling into its coverage of the Olympic games? In a groundbreaking move and for the first time ever, CBC will include gambling in its live coverage of Olympic events ?
Paris Olympics 2024 - It appears that CBC has partnered with one particular online Casino company and BetRivers is running sports betting ads during the televising of Olympic sporting events ? Is the inclusion of a Casino and a Sports betting parlor that runs sports betting during Olympic events appropriate when considering the principles and high moral standard exemplified by the Olympic Games ?
Aug 22 2024, the Minister of hypocrisy, oops, I mean the Minister of Health Mark Holland and his Liberal Government have passed legislation to enable massive gambling in Canada ? And now we are seeing NHL heros past and present like Wayne Gretzky, Austin Matthews and Connor McDavid in TV gambling commercials, in online gambling ads, and profiles pasted onto huge billboards promoting gambling ? However, Holland is not worried and he seems to be more concerned about Zonnic, a smoking cessation product that helps one quit a bad habit and sold only to those over 19 and always kept hidden away from view under the counter in stores ?
Fans confused ? After Mark Holland says he is protecting our youth from the Zonnic vape product and he vociferously proclaims that, "All the stuff that's clearly designed to target youth — It's over ! ", meanwhile we are watching NHL Superstar heroes play starring roles in glamorous new bet MGM ads to promote gambling ? After numerous complaints were filed from parents, they eased away from the image of Sports heros encouraging and participating in gambling but McDavid's image itself was never separated from the gambling vice or the lucrative gambling industry but instead relegated to shows Connor as the ambassador for safe and responsible gambling ? But isn't it still gambling ? see news article, "Connor McDavid's latest gambling ad with Bet MGM sparks outrage among his fans,"
www.sportskeeda.com/us/nhl/news-disgusted-started-gamblin...
Betano - A message to the kids from their sports hero and mentor- "are you a good player, or a great player". Betano gambling ads associate words like 'good and great' with gambling ?
Oct3rd, 2028 - Attention Liberal Minister of Gender Equality: Young men are struggling ? Can Canada fix the problem ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw0R00cuaBg
www.cbc.ca/news/health/the-mental-health-of-young-men-is-...
What if they were to advertise a safe way to smoke cigarettes to get more clients ? Sound ridiculous ? But is this not the same as advertising gambling as 'safe'? Don't these safe gambling ads serve to welcome, endorse and normalize gambling which can be a dangerous and life altering highly addictive habit ?
May 25,2022 - The big gambling companies are running ads that emphasize 'limited play' and 'safe' gambling ? Is this not the same as the alcohol industry running drinking ads that encourage drinking alcohol by telling you how many cocktails to safely drink per day, or, how about the tobacco industry running ads that promote safe smoking by recommending an amount of cigs to safely smoke per day, or the marijuana industry recommending the number of joints to safely get high on each day ? Or, what if they spin : You're 'good' if you drink but You're 'great' if you safe drink, or, you're 'good' if you smoke cigarettes but You're 'great' if you safe smoke only so many cigarettes per day, or , you're 'good' if you smoke pot but you're 'great' if you only smoke this many grams per day ? ref, "All those sports betting ads you're seeing,, It's illegal says the Alberta gaming commission ? www.cbc.ca/player/play/2302654019728
Student took out a $24K student loan and then lost it all to the bookies in 24 hours ? What are the legal implications of spending a student loan on something other than on their education ? Student loans are not meant to spend on whatever you want ? www.reddit.com/r/problemgambling/comments/10h3k46/i_just_...
Mar 03, 2026 - Sharp rise in young men contacting Ontario gambling helpline, researchers find
Online gambling, single-event sports betting each tied to substantial increases in gambling help line contacts
www.cbc.ca/news/health/online-gambling-ontario-9.7112838
Feb 4th 2025, Bell Let's Talk ? Abandoning 3500 of your Unionized Maritime telephone workers, refusing to talk to them and leaving them out on the Street for 5 Months does not contribute to good mental health ? U Ottawa Scotty suggests that the internet, mobile phones and the Social media are taking a heavy toll on the mental health and the overall mental well being of today's society ? And so maybe there's some hypocrisy shown by giant media mogul Bell Canada who just might be the biggest contributor and biggest profit taker from a national crisis ? www.youtube.com/shorts/31f3sZndK6w
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51844732131/in/album-7...
This year Canadian Taxpayers will pay $1.5 billion dollars to subsidize CBC ?
site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/documents/impact-and-accountabil...
Halifax, Canada Jan 2023 - CBC gender discrimination ? This time around the IIHF men's World Juniors hockey tournament will be held in Canada. No games were shown on CBC, and many Canadians were unable to watch Canada's finest male gender Junior hockey players incl Connor Badard play in their home Country and win the Gold for Canada ?
However, although CBC ignored and failed to televise all IIHF Men's junior hockey games on public T.V. they did make sure to televise daily news reports and grant loads of air time on an alleged past scandal that had involved a previous men's IIHF Junior hockey team ? cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-...
Caste system Convention ?]
NDP 2023 Leadership Convention, are we really in Canada ? Has NDP adopted a caste system, ( like the system they use over in India ) ? Delegates here must wear caste identifiable yellow or white tags ? Master, Mistress, person or whatever of Ceremonies instructs those who declare themselves as white and male gender to get to the back of the line ? Other identities, or those with yellow tags can go to the front of the line and speak first ?
NDP playing the race card ? The 2026 NDP Leadership Convention uses racial equity cards to identify and categorize people by their color ? black and red before white after yellow or green etc, etc etc ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMtHsUTBrt8
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDV7ImXwTPI
George Orwell's dark prediction has just come true.
London England, Apr 22,2026 - The British Parliament has just enacted legislation to install a form of Orwellian Totalitarian rule into the current democratic English society that allows for the installment of Government social control on the people in the form of mandatory lifetime probationary orders to be placed on certain selected unwary citizens without asking their permission who are then to be state monitored from birth to death to insure compliance is met on the legal lifetime probation order that will be attached to them ? Rob Cunningham and his Cancer Society are boldly crusading that residents of his current democratic home country of Canada lose their current freedom and that they also be forced into this Orwellian social control ? www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/uk-agrees-ban-on-cigarette-s...
Dec 13th, 2025 - this could be a bit rich ? The top doctor for Nova Scotia advertises smoking for the liquor store ? Dr. Robert Strang Chief Medical Officer of Health now appearing in TV ads that endorse the (safe) smoking of pot while representing the Provincially owned liquor stores ? It's also a bit rich when Rob Cunningham and his Canadian Cancer Society do not appear to have any problem at all with all of these smoking (and liquor) ads ?
www.facebook.com/watch/?v=4190201767960744
Jul 22, 2026 - In their ongoing quest for notoriety, the powers-that-be have ordered that cigarette packages be re engineered and re-designed not to make room for the addition of more product but instead to increase the showcase area size of the package cover ? The added space will be needed to accommodate a fresh new series of 13 upgraded ultra sickening pictures and warnings that are to be added to the existing 73 others that are already over-crowding the current package covers ? Dire messages will also be added to the extended upper flap inside cigarette packages says Karine LeBlanc.
Do these obsessed-with-one-product-only vain people really think that by continually satisfying their own self centered egos with a personal vendetta on one single product only that they don't happen to like and keep using the same old worn out idea over and over again while ignoring and hiding the thousands of other possible causes of cancer that they are really actually helping to find the cure for cancer ?
www.cbc.f ca/news/health/canada-graphic-image-warnings-ciga...
2026 NDP Leadership Convention - Was Hitler's hairdresser here ? Some pretty weird stuff going on,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqhIBsaHzCg
Lost in Space________Episode # 1_______Death to Deniers !
Danger - Will Robinson, Danger !
These ladies want prison sentences handed down to all individuals who dare be themselves and dare to think independently and they are using bad names like denier or hater to describe anyone with a different opinion from theirs ?
No one we know ever denies the existence of residential schools. And so why are Leah Gazan (NDP), Lindsay Mathyssen (NDP), Nahanni Fontaine (NDP) and Kimberley Murray (Liberal Government investigator) so dissatisfied and why force their own personal viewpoints on everyone else ? Why do they want you to think the way they think, believe what they believe, and be forced by the law to accept their unique, extreme, selfish and self-serving narrative, (that they get paid for) as being the truth, and,, if you dare to resist you are then labelled as a hater or denier and are a criminal that could be sent to jail for up to life in prison under Bill C-63 or C-9 ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZU7NEzs3Gk
Sep 27, 2024 - Think like I do, be like me or else go to jail ? Winnipeg M.P. Leah Gazan wants everyone to think like she thinks and to be just like her,, or else you better 'watch out' ?
Superstar NDP MP Leah Gazan has introduced her bill in Parliament that calls for criminal charges to be laid on all those who ‘deny’ the Leah Gazan (as yet unproven) allegation of 215 childrens' bodies being discovered in a well hidden mass grave in Kamloops, And that her home country of Canada is a genocidal nation ? Her Bill C-413 calls for an extremely serious charge be placed on anyone promoting hatred against the Indigenous peoples by rither challenging, questioning, denying or disagreeing with the Leah Gazan personal position on this issue ?
www.lifesitenews.com/news/new-democrat-mp-introduces-bill...
What Is Truth ?
"If you are strictly one-sided with any opinion, you’re incredibly ignorant".
UBC Jan 22, 2026 - An entire generation of students that have grown up attending the Canadian public school system during the Trudeau Liberal era ( 2015 thru 2025 ) have now reached post secondary age and are arriving at the University in a heavily indoctrinated state of mind with extremely one-sided only, uni-opinion attitudes that they are expressing in a strong and even physical violent way ? Gangs of masked and gagged orange shirted young student protestors, the advent of tribalism, signs of mind control, far left radical activists on campus and coercive propaganda posters hanging up in a dark Authoritarian environment where many students are afraid to speak and free will, open debate or speaking openly may be seen as a crime ? This might sound Orwellian, but it's actually the University of B.C. in Vancouver a Canadian institute of higher learning that gets over a billion dollars per year of public funding ? Professor Widdowson says, "Without truth and without freedom, our Universities will die." www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihsLPodE9R0
Truth is not the priority for CBC ? wha-a-a-a-tt ? In her interview assignment, Ace CBC reporter Jordan Tucker says she thinks around 6000 children's bodies have been found so far on reservation schools ? When asked for proof of this, Tucker ( a salaried CBC journalist) replied that the truth is not really a top priority ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ik61NGwXas&t=58s
Residential schools. After a three year search for bodies at a cost to taxpayers of $216.5 million, not a single set of human remains have been found ?
thecatholicherald.com/article/failure-to-find-bodies-ends...
U of Vic claims 215, but Frances and Dallas say Zero ?
What Is Truth ?
Dec 3rd 2025, Frances and Dallas visit U of Vic in Victoria B.C. and discover the mass indoctrination of impressionable young minds ? Open free thinking and freedom of speech were being discouraged ? Asking questions that might ruffle some feathers or might challenge the status quo are not allowed here ? Establishing open public debate here can get you severely abused or even carted off to jail ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=u53G5WBpVmc
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSRn8BzpvLc
Sept 29, 2026 - Sept 29, 2026 - A return meeting with the inmates at zombie land is even worse ? first nations student viciously attacks cameraman ? Intense coersive mind control and a frightening level of peer pressure on this campus ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=txEWO-DLGZ0&t=1749s
May 28th, 2026 - Truth and Reconciliation or Lies and Litigation ? If Canadians believe massive untruths that are being told to them without question, then our democracy will collapse.
Feb 24th, 2026 - Lethbridge, "You're not welcome here !" Welcome to the University of Lethbridge where manners are ignored, physical manhandling is allowed, etiquette is absent, and where students use threats of bodily harm, chant ancient tribal war cries and bang out continuous monotone loud drumming noise to injure ear drums to drown out the opposition during debate ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2Moi7VM7xI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=q67np9izmds
Apr 26th, 2026 - A whited sepulchre University set in the windy city of Lethbridge - Following yet another arrest and another trip in the paddy wagon, Frances Widdowson pleads with Alberta Premier Danielle Smith to help re-enforce the basic rule of truth based on free and independent thinking in our public schools once again ? "Without truth and without freedom, our Universities will die."
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfPix14aMIc
UBC Jan 22,2026 - Counter viewpoint reporters attacked and must run for their lives ?
A UBC zombie apocalypse, Jan 22,2026
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIpTnyH_Zg
2021, A major Canadian Party leader Jagmeet Singh attacks his own Country calling it genocidal ? Jag says that he knows of 215 bodies that were found in hidden unmarked mass graves in Kamloops and this clearly shows him that Canada is a genocidal nation ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQb3GZx_ZR0
2021 - Dr. Timothy Rahilly, President Mt. Royal College in Calgary - When Rahilly hears of a story that unmarked graves may have been found at a Kamloops B.C. residential school the President of Mt. Royal College quickly turns on his University PA system and immediately makes an official announcement to the entire student body that 215 children have just been found buried in a mass unmarked grave at the Kamloops B.C. residential school and that a shaken, shameful, and perhaps genocidal nation, is heartbroken ? One of the senior teachers at his University has asked for evidence to support such a monumental and newly discovered horrible allegation and he has fired her ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=esGhB3uNHwA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=esGhB3uNHwA
Mar 23,2026 - Mt. Royal College, " my spider sense is tingling "
Is Mt. Royal College in Calgary making the kids Crazy ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPQNM063-lY
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWN0CgVD5x0&t=1014s
"What are they doing to our kids" ? Many Parents contribute for years into Registered Education Savings Plans that are to be turned over to Universities on behalf of their Children,
www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/education/education-sa...
This is a University ? Winnipeg Manitoba - University of Winnipeg students afraid to open their mouths ? Intimidating First nation gangsters rule the school campus and news reporters get violently assaulted by them as 10 campus security stand down and just watch ? Winnipeg City Police refuse to attend after numerous 911 calls were made ?
'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dArgiLDJMFk
Apr 29, 2026 - Vancouver School Board to introduce an Orwellian concept known as, 'unlearning' into their school system ? They are also re-naming schools from historic English names to instead Indigenous names that cannot be pronounced and use letters not found on the standard keyboard ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrC4GB4wURI
Canadian Students for Free Speech. Every Canadian university and college should be a place where students can safely question, debate, openly disagree, and speak freely.
Vancouver March 12, 2026 - Have Liberal backroom land transfer deals with first nations already transpired as the Eby provincial NDP government pretended to look the other way ? The Indians may now own property rights in and around Vancouver ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT2DqPzulos
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/musqueam-rights-r...
March 12, 2026 - treachery or treason ? B.C.'s Eby Government may be giving Canada away as he insults the veterans who fought and gave their lives to secure and retain it for us all ? Led by Spencer Herbert it seems the NDP party in B.C. want to give Canada land rights away without first asking Canadians for permission to do this ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVTzJWE86go
first nations NDP supported land grab, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCXocwlZiQc
March 12, 2026 - What NDP Spencer Herbert is trying to do with property rights in B.C. was recently defeated in a fellow Province's Highest Court ? New Brunswick's supreme court ruled that Aboriginal Title Cannot Co-Exist with Fee Simple Title,, www.fasken.com/en/knowledge/2026/01/new-brunswick-court-o...
2025 An Election Overturned- Dirty double crossers deny democracy in Canada ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55228615842
March 09, 2026, Canada’s Bill C-3 "An Act to amend the Citizenship Act" - New Liberal legislation allows Canadian citizenship to be passed down over multiple generations back to as far as caveman days, and this care free attitude means that many millions of unvetted individuals will now be eligible to automatically become Canadian ? www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.7120945
Aug 17, 2026 - Demand for Canadian citizenship soaring, fueled by Americans ? Swamped with requests for records, applications up 50% and backlog now tops 120,000 www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadian-citizenship-certificate...
March 14, 2026 - In a completely contrary position to that of Canada, the country of Italy has restricted Italian citizenship for anyone born abroad. Italy has enacted a ruling that tells millions with Italian roots that they have lost the right to their citizenship,
www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/italy-ruling-tells-millions-...
Trump says Canada is 'destroying itself' with immigration. claims 'millions' of migrants are coming in unchecked ? www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trump-canada-immigration-unemplo...
March 12, 2026 - Acadia University reducing staff levels amid ‘financial pressures’? 31 Acadia positions eliminated. University monetary chaos affecting not only the institutions but also the broader economy. Financial difficulties stem from capped international student enrollments, increased costs of high-end employment, and draconian funding cuts by provincial government. These have all led to job cuts, program reductions, and even campus closures. The financial strain on universities is expected to continue, with further announcements of layoffs and program cuts are likely to come soon. www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/acadia-univer...
Mar 4th, 2026 - Canada grants $100 million in scholarships for students in India ? This comes on the heels of PM Carney's trip to India.
www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx1VHElLBjsSwpz5-CK3P4SsNdrZmGdelS
feb 25, 2026 - Drastic University cuts implemented in latest Nova Scotia Provincial budget. Tim Houston's PC government is reducing funding for all Universities incl the PhD programs in education at Acadia,
www.halifaxexaminer.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Grant-R...
February 26, 2026 - Vulnerable hard hit starving Nova Scotia university students who struggle daily with the high cost of living in Nova Scotia prepare for a week-long strike to protest the provincial education cut, the cuts to advanced education grants, and they are demanding tuition reductions and divestment from fossil fuel dollars,
globalnews.ca/video/11708934/n-s-university-students-prep...
March 15, 2026 - Dalhousie University students vote to join the Nova Scotia student strike, www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/dalhousie-uni...
May 29th, 2026, Kentville Memorial Park, the ABF Friday night concert, ( Are the good ole days of dollar dogs and bargain Big 8 soda pop over) ? High level G7 security protocol established for an evening of 20 dollar hamburger food trucks and little kids bouncy castles ? ( must have taken up most of their budget at the sacrifice of bringing in some good quality outside live entertainment) ? Town calls in outside police to reinforce local Kentville police, cordons off entire ground zero event perimeter with road blocks, street barricades and manned guard check posts to enforce maximum level traffic control that, unfortunately, has made patrons including seniors, the disabled, toddlers, and Mothers carrying babies have to park and walk from a fair distance to get to the park gates ? Also, in past years concert organizers always brought in special outside guest rock bands, and always featured interesting games, demonstrations and displays, and there was always a visit from the Queen Annapolisa Royal party following the prestigious coronation ceremony in Wolfville, However, unfortunately, this years event seems to have deteriorated into some kind of a Children's outdoor romper room type family show featuring food trucks, inflatable air bouncy castles and a local band featured as the star main stage performer ? There's not much to do or see for those exceeding the elementary school level other than maybe purchase some food from a food truck that charges upscale restaurant prices and then dine on a paper plate using plastic utensils while standing in a crowd of unruly kids and being lustfully observed by some nearby saliva drooling pet dogs leashed to their owners ? However, thanks to the heightened security and upscale traffic control there was a report of one parking violator being successfully apprehended and a runaway pet was also captured and returned to its owner ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54558198569/in/photost...
A cultural genocide is going on in Kentville ? Why is it always Kentville ? Now it's the library ? First came the loss of the Railway and Day-liner service back in 1989, then Kings council expropriated the local Airport and evicted the many other established aviation schools and businesses, they had tried to take Grand street parade away from Kentville in 2017, and then we lost the famous Cornwallis Inn logo and the 88 yrs old statue in Halifax was torn down, they then terminated Apple Blossom Princess Kentville and ended the 87 consecutive years of the Queen Annapolisa pageant. Kentville lost a huge amount of diversity provided by the many nearby villages that always participated in the Festival, as well as a termination of the Princess teas, the Coronation, and all of the popular mid-week public outdoor entertainment always held at Memorial Park during ABF week ? And now they appear to be after the popular long time Kentville Library ?
After the Town had terminated many traditional sources of public enjoyment never offering anything similar or even a close replacement, and, as Kentville gradually approaches cultural ghost town status, it is noticable that the downtown business core (in which the Mayor has a major private business interest ) has been totally renovated and restored to never before seen pristine after a complete new beautification program complete with new installations of street paving, street paint, new double sidewalks on both sides, new driveway entrances, new curb and gutter both sides, signage and flower pots ? And the other three surrounding streets making up this downtown business block have also been totally upgraded including Aberdeen Street (twice), Cornwallis Street and Main Street ?
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/annapolis-valley-libra...
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/video/2026/06/02/funding-cuts-lea...
May 09, 2026 A cyberattack has hit universities worldwide, including top Canadian schools. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canvas-cyber-attack-canadian-unive...
Kentville - Newcomer officials are downsizing and cheapening the historic Memorial Park Friday night rock concert ?
The ongoing deterioration of our world famous Annapolis Valley Apple Blossom Festival ! Honey they shrunk the stage . Bring back Eddies Basement . www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55295377420/in/photost...
May 06, 2026 - NSCC- Nova Scotia Community College cutting 91 positions after a $15M shortfall,
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/nova-scotia-c...
May 09, 2026 - Canadian colleges may be in crisis — mass layoffs are gutting campuses near you, and students could pay the price
www.msn.com/en-ca/money/topstories/canadian-colleges-are-...
Justin says Goodbye Don't cry for me O my Canada.
Jan 06, 2025 - Trudeau resigns as prime minister, Prorogues Parliament until March 24 2025,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54385355629/
CBC News · Posted: May 12, 2026 - The boys are falling behind the girls in school. New Quebec report says boys are systemically disadvantaged in the school system ? The high school dropout rate for boys is 27.1 per cent while for girls it's 19.9 per cent.
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/boys-falling-behind-in-school-9.71...
June 20th, 2026 CBC discards a national treasure ? Following the infamous firing of Don Cherry a few years back, CBC is now going to elliminate the entire famous NHL Hockey night in Canada show after a 74 year run every Saturday night in Canada ? Is the CBC shifting focus to women's gender sports domination and do they plan to move the current Womens's gender PWHL games televised every Saturday afternoon over to this now vacant very important Canadian household Saturday evening time slot ?
Oct 1st, 2026 - No more Lord Stanley ? Gender discrimination in CBC's sports broadcasting ? Women have taken over ? All pro hockey games broadcast this year on CBC will be Womens gender players only ?
www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/cbc-hockey-night-in-canada-...
No-name players to replace the likes of Connor and Austin ?
Sep 28, 2026 - Fans and Canadian tax payers disappointed and even outraged over CBC's ongoing discrimination in sports broadcasting ? After refusing to support Canada's Grey Cup, CBC is now hiding or elliminating the Stanley Cup and has announced that it is getting rid of all NHL hockey and the iconic Hockey Night in Canada and will be replacing the highly popular multi team play provided by the NHL with a newly formed womens gender hockey league composed of unknown female players fresh out of the minors ?
May 18th, 2026 - CBC speak with forked tongue ? Takes sides against the RCMP ? CBC has lured unsuspecting RCMP members into a trap that has been set for them by First Nations ? RCMP Ambushed by the CBC and First Nations, a music video ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55278767366/in/dateposted
Aug 25, 2026 - Tick Research Nova Scotia unveiled $1.2 million funding at opening of the Canadian Tick Research and Innovation Centre (CTRIC) at Acadia University . Project aims to develop new tick-control and repellency technologies. The federal government is also spending $455,000 on the project, according to Acadia University,
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/acadia-tick-lab-fundin...
COVID-19 - Canada's Allison Inquiry exposes shocking details on the COVID vaccine. Testimonials from Doctors and Victims :
Sep 8,2026 DAY1 opening day Vaccine Injuries www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2RQGhgbwyo
Sep 9, 2026 Day 2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYey68XC4Gw
Sep 10, 2026 Day 3
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjKHjipEwow
Sep 11, 2026 Day 4th and final day
www.youtube.com/watch?v=z517OdX3vX0
Some relevant media news clippings,
PWHL - CBC provides new Pro Women's Hockey League with media support, air time, advertising, coast to coast live game coverage, player bios and game each week complete with hosting and analysis,, "CBC/Radio-Canada is the official broadcaster of the Professional Women's Hockey League". However, a totally different attitude ts shown when it comes to supporting and televising male gender pro sporting events like Grey Cup, the Calgary Stampede, FIFA, Copa America international and IIHF World Juniors and now the Stanley Cup and Hockey night in Canada ? And so many Canadians unable to watch many male pro athletes like Acadia Axemen Bailey Feltmate in the Grey Cup, or Nova Scotia's Jacob Shaffelburg in the Copa international Men's soccer tournament or Connor Badard in the IIHF World Men's Juniors hockey tournament and NHL ?
cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-... cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-...
Skate Canada Dec 13, 2022 - Canada to revolutionize rules of international Sport ? Canadian trail blazers led by President Karen Butcher push to change historic Patrs and Ice dancing rules from the current male and female only gender roles ?
theprovince.com/sports/other-sports/skate-canada-redefine...
Jun 11, 2024 - Halifax Tides - CBC pushing new Women's gender Pro soccer league ? Will provide full media support and multi game T.V. coverage for the brand new start-up Women's Pro soccer league. Will broadcast eight regular-season matches. A "Game of the Week" will co-stream simultaneously on CBC Gem and NSL.ca,
www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cbc-radio-canada-broadcast-agree...
Thanks to CBC, fans are now able to follow female gender Acadia University athletes like Mya Harnish, who has just turned Pro . www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54482565652/in/photost...
This year the Canadian Taxpayer will pay out $1.5 billion dollars to subsidize CBC ?
site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/documents/impact-and-accountabil...
Breathtaking salaries at CBC/Radio-Canada ? CBC President and CEO Catherine Tait had a base salary range of $390,300 to $459,100 in 2019 ? Why should someone who is actually a public servant whose salary is paid by taxpayers make more than the Prime Minister of Canada ?
www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mark-carney-cbc-funding-1.7501902
June 28,2021, O Canada at the Stanley Cup Finals ? CBC plays upsetting and unflattering version of Canadian National Anthem ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51829474529/in/album-7...
January 11-22, 2023 - CBC not eager to push, promote or publicize male gender hockey like the AHL, WHL, ECHL, U Sports University level, Men's Juniors and now NHL ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52640201721/in/datepos...
Fall of 2026 - More lost Canadian identity ? CBC's new hockey night in Canada show ready for launch ? Ladies hockey will replace Hockey Night in Canada and all of the famous NHL pro hockey players we normally watch will no longer be seen ? And so now the (Liberal run) national MAIN MEDIA NETWORK THAT RECEIVES 1.5 BILLION IN FUNDING from Canadians, is excluding BOTH OF Canada's greatest TRADITIONAL National sporting events and will not be covering nor broadcasting either the Grey Cup (football) or the Stanley Cup (hockey) ?
www.cbc.ca/sports/the-buzzer-newsletter-cbc-saturday-nigh...
Good Read article for Mollie Makes craft magazine (issue 57)
Wear your heart on your sleeve A hand-stitched green heart can help us all protect us our beautiful world and secure a safer future for the next generation of crafters.
Words by Sarah Corbett.
Our world is amazing. It blooms with remarkable people, with art that can make us laugh, cry and even change our world view, with technology that can connect us to our loved ones on the other side of the world… and have you noticed there is a little thing many of us love called Pinterest that can nourish us with beauty and new ideas (as well as distract us for hours!)? The growth in social enterprises and cooperatives are showing us that business can benefit people and the planet, not just profit. I could go on. But then there is the elephant in the room: climate change. When I worked for Christian Aid, I met people in Kenya affected directly by global warming. I’m sure we have all listened to the warnings. It can feel overwhelming: too complicated, too many problems to overcome. But now there is an opportunity for us craft-lovers to be eco-warriors rather than weary worriers. At the end of this year global leaders will meet in Paris for the UN climate talks to sign new agreements on climate change and sustainable development, agreements that will determine what kind of future we are shaping for our children. We need our leaders to show vision and ambition to create a better future and that’s why I’m writing this ‘Good Read’ in this issue.
We are changeMAKERS
I founded the Craftivist Collective five years ago to create resources to help me and other people do effective and gentle activism using craft as the tool. I was - and am - inspired by life-changing activists such as the suffragettes, who gained votes for women, and Nelson Mandela, who ended apartheid: people who showed that campaigning works. Over the years of honing my craft in strategic activism through needlework I’ve noticed that we crafters can have real impact. Politicians and businesses take note when we stand up for what we believe: our craftivism gifts for influential people can encourage them to be the change they wish to see in the world. The time and thought that goes into our craftivism pieces shows genuine commitment and questioning. The media want to cover our attractive campaigning, people nervous of activism join our stitch-ins, and passers-by are intrigued by our craftivism. The Climate Coalition, the UK’s largest group of people dedicated to action on climate change, launched their “For The Love Of Climate” campaign this year. They have 11million supporters through a network of over 100 organisations from environmental and development charities to unions, faith, community and women’s groups. We thought craftivists and craft lovers would be a good addition and Clare Fussell, Campaigns Manager at The Climate Coalition, agrees: “Unless world leaders know that people from across the world with different passions, hobbies and backgrounds all care, they won't have the mandate to take strong action on climate change. Wae all need to be climate changeMAKERS.”
So... for the love of our world
Let’s re-imagine how we can live and help world leaders recreate our world. Join us. To make and wear your green handmade heart on your sleeve is a small, positive, beautiful and therefore influential and powerful act for at least three reasons: It’s personal. Craftivism is a thoughtful approach to activism: it’s about slowing down, using the comfort of craft to really grapple with world issues and think critically about how we can help solve them, from changing our habits and consumer choices to adding our voice to campaigners before the Paris UN climate talks. Craft can be a catalyst for open, honest and friendly discussion. By stitching what you love on your heart banner (bluebells, bumblebees or even beautiful buttons!) you are showing people that you are genuinely concerned about our world, not ignoring the problem. Craftivists unite. Make your hearts as attractive and intriguing as possible, wear them every day, share them online with us. Let’s create an aspirational vision of our world to excite, empower and encourage others to pick up their craft tools and join us. Seeing your heart on your sleeve alongside so many others is inspiring and should entice them to join.
So pick up your fabric scissors, and start shaping the future of our world into a more sustainable, beautiful place for all. Craft alone or with friends, family, or even set up a public stitch-in and bring the discussion to passersby and at other events.
Join Craftivist Collective & Mollie Makes at our workshops at Crafty Fox Markets. Tag us @craftivists in your social media so we can share too and join #fortheloveof conversation. More info on the Climate Coalition: fortheloveof.org.uk More info on the project: www.craftivist-collective.com/fortheloveof
U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Shain Quinn 343rd Training Squadron security forces apprentice course instructor, teaches handcuffing techniques to a trainee during the field operations block of training at the U.S. Air Force security forces apprentice course at Joint Base San Antonio-Chapman Annex, Texas, March 2, 2023. The field operations course is designed to teach basic skills necessary to new security forces Airmen. (U.S Air Force photo by Jerome S. Tayborn/RELEASED)
Attachment theory describes several behavioural systems, the function of which is to regulate human attachment, fear, exploration, care-giving, peer-affiliation and sex. Attachment is defined as any form of behaviour that results in a person attaining and retaining proximity to a differentiated other. The primary caregiver is the source of the infants stress regulation and, therefore, sense of safety and security. Attachment theory emphasises the role of the parent as mediator, reflector and moderator of the childs mind and the childs reliance on the parent to respond to their affective states in ways that are contingent to their internal experience, a process often referred to as secure base/safe haven functioning. Within the close parent-child relationship neural networks dedicated to feelings of safety and danger, attachment and the core sense of self are sculpted and shaped. These networks are conceptualised as internal working models of attachment.
Characteristic patterns of interaction operating within the familys caregiving-attachment system give rise to secure, insecure and disorganized patterns of attachment. These discrete patterns have been categorized using the Strange Situation research procedure, which observes the young childs behaviour when separated and reunited with his or her primary caregiver. Attachment patterns are represented in the childs internal working models of self-other relationships. Secure attachment is promoted by the interactive regulation of affect, which facilitates the recognition, labelling and evaluation of emotional and intentional states in the self and in others, a capacity known as reflective function or mentalization. The recognition of affects as having dynamic, transactional properties is the key to understanding behaviour in oneself and in another. The child comes to recognize his or her mental states as meaningful self-states via a process of parental affect mirroring and marking. Secure children are able to use sophisticated cognitive strategies to integrate and resolve their fear of separation and loss.
When the parent is unavailable, inconsistent or unpredictable, the infant develops one of two organized insecure patterns of attachment: avoidant or ambivalent-resistant. These defensive strategies involve either the deactivation or hyper-activation of the attachment system. Deactivation is characterized by avoidance of the caregiver and by emotional detachment. In effect, the avoidant child immobilizes the attachment system by excluding thoughts and feelings that normally activate the system. Hyper-activation is manifested by an enmeshed ambivalent preoccupation with the caregiver and with negative emotions, particularly anger. However, in common with the avoidant child, the ambivalent child appears to cognitively disconnect feelings from the situation that elicited the distress. Disorganised-disoriented attachment is discussed below.
Attachment research, then, demonstrates that discrete patterns of secure, insecure, and disorganized attachment have as their precursor a specific pattern of caregiver-infant interaction and their own behavioural sequelae. Repeated patterns of interpersonal experience are encoded in implicit-procedural memory and conceptualized as self-other working models of attachment. These mental models consist of generalized beliefs and expectations about relationships between the self and key attachment figures, not the least of which concerns ones worthiness to receive love and care from others.
In sum, the care-giving environment generally, and the infant-caregiver attachment relationship particularly, initiate the child along one of an array of potential developmental pathways. Disturbance of attachment is the outcome of a series of deviations that take the child increasingly further from adaptive functioning. Child abuse and cumulative developmental trauma violate the childs sense of trust, identity and agency and have pernicious and seminal influences on the developing personality. In essence, internal working models of early attachment relationships provide the templates for psychopathology in later life, which may include violent, destructive and self-destructive forms of behaviour. In attachment theory, the main purpose of defence is the regulation of emotions. The primary mechanisms for achieving this are distance regulation and the defensive exclusion of thoughts and feelings associated with attachment trauma.
Early trauma in the form of abuse, loss, neglect and severe parent-child misattunement compromises brain-mediated functions such as attachment, empathy and affect regulation. From an attachment theory perspective, patterns of attachment are encoded and stored as generalized relational patterns in the systems of implicit memory. These are conceptualized as cognitive-affective internal working models which are seen as mediating how we think and feel about ourselves, others and the relationships we develop. Although open to change and modification in the light of new attachment experiences, whether positive or negative, these non-conscious procedural models, scripts or schemas within which early stress and trauma are retained, tend to persevere and guide, appraise and predict attachment-related thoughts, feelings and behaviours throughout the life cycle via the implicit memory system. Psychopathology is seen as deriving from an accumulation of maladaptive interactional patterns that result in character traits and personality types and disorders.
Disorganised attachment may occur when the childs parent is both the source of fear and the only protective figure to whom to turn to resolve stress and anxiety. In such instances, neither proximity seeking nor proximity avoiding is a solution to the activation of the childs attachment and fear behavioural systems. If the trauma remains unresolved and is carried into adulthood, it leaves the individual vulnerable to affect dysregulation in interpersonal conflict situations that induce fear, hate, shame and rage. In such cases, alcohol and illicit drugs are often resorted to as a maladaptive means of suppressing dreaded psychobiological states and restoring a semblance of affective equilibrium.
Findings show that disorganised attachment developed in infancy shifts to controlling behaviour in the older child and adult, reflecting an internalized mental model of the self as unlovable, unworthy of care and support, and fearful of rejection, betrayal and abandonment. Disorganised attachment is associated with a predisposition to relational violence, to dissociative states and conduct disorders in children and adolescents, and to personality disorders in adults. This state of mind constitutes a primary risk factor for the development of borderline, anti-social and sociopathic personality disorders. The rate of such disorders in forensic settings is particularly high. Clinically, dissociated traumatic experience is unsymbolized by thought and language, being encapsulated within the personality as a separate, non-reflective reality which is cut off from authentic human relatedness. The information contained in implicit memory may be retrieved by state-dependent moods and situations. Dissociated archaic internal working models are then activated, influencing and distorting expectations of current events and relationships outside of conscious awareness, particularly in situations involving intense interpersonal stress. In such situations, the self is felt to be endangered, thereby increasing the risk of an angry and potentially violent reaction.
Saw this sculptural wall image in the restaurant Buena Vista in Frankfurt. After some research on the Internet, I found out that the original is a fantasy image by Luis Royo titled "Man with wings". There is a signature on this wall image, which states that the artist is a man (?) named Todoric. Unfortunately I didn't find a hint, who this artist might be. I guess I'll have to ask the owners of the restaurant, because I'd really love to know more about this image. It's really fascinating.
Ich habe dieses Relief/Wandbild im Restaurant Buena Vista in Frankfurt gesehen. Nach einigem Recherchieren im Internet fand ich heraus, dass das Original dazu ein Fantasy-Bild mit dem Titel "Man with wings" von Luis Royo ist. Auf dem Wandbild ist eine Signatur zu finden, die aussagt, dass der Künstler (oder vielleicht die Künstlerin?) ein gewisser Todoric ist. Leider fand ich keinen Hinweis darauf, wer dieser Künstler sein könnte. Ich werde wohl die Inhaber des Restaurants fragen müssen, denn ich würde wirklich gern mehr über dieses Bild erfahren. Es ist wirklich faszinierend.
My Finglas Back Garden
29-01-2021
Accipiter nisus
Spioróg
[order] Falconiformes | [family] Accipitridae | [latin] Accipiter nisus | [UK] Sparrowhawk | [FR] Epervier d'Europe | [DE] Sperber | [ES] Gavilán Vulgar | [IT] Sparviero eurasiatico | [NL] Sperwer
spanwidth min.: 58 cm
spanwidth max.: 80 cm
size min.: 29 cm
size max.: 41 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 33 days
incubation max.: 35 days
fledging min.: 24 days
fledging max.: 30 days
broods 1
eggs min.: 4
eggs max.: 6
Status: Common resident, with occasional winter visitors from Continental Europe.
Conservation Concern: Green-listed in Ireland. The European population has been evaluated as Secure.
Identification: A small bird of prey (raptor) with broad wings with blunt wing tips and a long tail. Small hooked bill suitable for eating meat. Tail is banded in all plumages with four or five bands. The sexes are different in size, the female is larger than the male. Sparrowhawks have barred underparts in all plumages, with the barring extending across the underwings, breast, belly and flanks. Males are bluish-grey above and often have orangey-brown barring on the breast, belly and underwing coverts; the rest of the barring is brown. Females are grey above with brown-grey barring on the underparts. Juvenile birds are dark brown on the upperparts with finely marked feathers; the underparts are coarsely and irregularly barred.
Similar Species: Goshawk, Kestrel
Call: The main call a rapid high pitched chattering, which is usually only heard in the breeding season.
Diet: Usually small birds which are taken when perched or in flight, sometimes after a long chase. Attacks with one or both feet, will pursue prey on foot. Sparrowhawks often utilize hedge rows or other cover, flying low on one side and then crossing over to other side to surprise its prey. Is a master of flying in woodland where it can fly through small gaps in branches pursuit of its prey, displaying great agility. Will use woodland edges, rides as well as any cover, especially cover that adjoins woodland. Will even pursue prey birds on foot over the ground.
Breeding: Probably the most common bird of prey in Ireland. Widespread in woodland, farmland with woods, larger parks and gardens. Nests in trees. Breeds throughout Ireland but is scarce in the west, where tree cover is low. Formally bird of woodland, it is now also found extensively in wooded farmland and will venture into urban gardens, where small birds attracted to bird feeders are taken, much to some peoples distress.
Wintering: Resident in Ireland. Can be seen throughout the country, although numbers will be low in the some parts of the west. Resident birds will be joined by wintering birds from Britain and Europe.
Where to See: Many people see these birds in their gardens, where they will be hunting on small birds. Can be difficult to spot in the countryside but will often give good views, when flying over head, where it may on 'prospecting' flights.
Physical characteristics
The Sparrowhawk is about the same size as a Kestrel and has a similarly long tail but its wings have rounded not pointed tips and are shorter as if not fully extended. Whether soaring or gliding, Sparrowhawks have a characteristic flap-flap-glide action
Habitat
Breeds and winters in woodland, particularly coniferous, and also occurs in winter in farmland and even gardens
Other details
Accipiter nisus is a widespread breeder across most of Europe, which accounts for less than half of its global breeding range. Its European breeding population is large (>340,000 pairs), and underwent a large increase between 1970-1990. Although there were declines in a few countries during 1990-2000, populations were stable or increasing across most of Europe-including the key one in Russia-and the species increased slightly overall.
There are 32 000 breeding pairs in Britain with a further 11 000 in Ireland. Including non-breeders, by the end of summer the resident population will probably be around 170 000 birds. 150,000-170,000 breeding pairs widespread throughout most of Europe. The UK is a stronghold with about 34000 pairs. Russian population 140000-180000 Turkish population 3000-10000.
Feeding
The sparrowhawk is a specialist feeder, as its name suggests. It takes birds of varying sizes, from finches and sparrows, to the size of wood pigeons. It does on occasions take small rodents and other small land based prey, but birds account for well over 90% and maybe as high as 98% of their diet.
Breeding
Eggs from late April or early May in Britain and north-west Europe. Up to 2 weeks earlier in southern Europe and 2-3 weeks later in northern parts of range. The nest is build in the fork of tree, often close to trunk where 2 or 3 branches start at same level. Also on horizontal branch, usually in lower parts of main canopy. Conifers are preferred where available. Selected tree usually close to path or clearing for convenient access. A new nest is built each year, sometimes on foundation of old nest of Woodpigeon or other species, though normally close to previous nests. The nest is a loose structure of twigs with deep cup. Nest size varies with position in tree, with nests in forks built up until surface area is large enough. Twigs up to 60 cm long are used, during laying, lined with fine twigs or bark chips. The clutch size is 4-6 (3-7) and the incubation lasts 33-35 days per egg, average 39-42 days for complete clutch. The young fledge after 24-30 days, males before females.
Migration
Migratory in northernmost parts of Europe and in most of Asia. Partially migratory in Central Europe. Sedentary in South of range. Various Central European countries receive Northern migrants, some of their breeding birds possibly migrating further South, reaching Mediterranean countries. Most migration actually from North-East to South-West. Few migrants reach Africa, although some birds winter in North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, occasionally South to Kenya and Tanzania. Siberian population winters in South and South-East Asia.
OKINAWA, Japan (Dec. 14, 2013) - Tech. Sgt. Steven Whitley, 18th Maintenance Operations Squadron NCO in charge of maintenance management analysis, and Nobuo Higa, president of the non-profit organization Beautiful Community Project Network, secure children's artwork to display boards at the Korinza Shopping Mall. The art is for the 2013 Okinawa City Japan-US Kids Holiday Art Fest where 12 groups of children from Kadena, Bob Hope, and Stearley Heights Elementary Schools, Amelia Earhart Intermediate School, and Okinawa City schools painted holiday-themed murals. (Courtesy photo)
131214-F-QU140-065
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Minister Hoekstra delivers a speech on 'building a secure European future' to students of the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, 20 February 2023.
© Benedikt Laloo / College of Europe
While the Dominican Republic generates a relatively low volume of radioactive waste, it has prioritized their safe and secure treatment. Any disused radioactive source identified in the country is transported, characterized, classified, conditioned and stored in a centralized facility built in 2010 in Sierra Prieta, outside the capital Santo Domingo.
Around 170 sources from applications in hospitals and industry as well as so-called orphan sources — radioactive sources that are lost and then found again — detected in scrap metal industries have found a home in the facility. Some are high-activity sources, meaning they emit high levels of radiation, such as those used in radiotherapy to treat cancer. Others are low-activity sources, such as those used for industrial and research applications. Other disused sources come from mining, agriculture and construction.
The facility is equipped with radiation detectors provided by the IAEA. A team of professional staff trained under IAEA technical cooperation projects is in charge of the operation, maintenance and regular inspection of the storage facility.
Sierra Prieta, Dominican Republic. October 2016
Photo Credit: Laura Gil-Martinez / IAEA
The playground again. There's a kind of mesh net thing made of chains, like a rope ladder only wider, that kids can climb up. This is but a few links of the whole. I'm not entirely convinced that the focus is spot-on, but it seems to look OK. Another thing to remember to check, should I ever find myself in this situation again.
Portuguese-style Bullfighting
Most Portuguese bullfights (corridas de touros) are held in two phases: the spectacle of the cavaleiro, followed by the pega. In Portugal, the main stars of bullfighting are the cavaleiros, as opposed to Spain, where the matadores are the most prominent bullfighters. Nevertheless, bullfights with matadores are frequent, notably with Portuguese matadores who practice their trade in Spain and who, when in Portugal, replace the sword in their final strike with a bandarilha. Examples of famous Portuguese matadores are Vítor Mendes and Pedrito de Portugal.
Most Portuguese bullfights are held in two phases: the spectacle of the cavaleiro, and the pega. In the cavaleiro, a horseman on a Portuguese Lusitano horse (specially trained for the fights) fights the bull from horseback. The purpose of this fight is to stab three or four bandeirilhas (small javelins) in the back of the bull.
The pega.In the second stage, called the pega, the forcados, a group of eight men, challenge the bull directly without any protection or weapon of defense. The front man provokes the bull into a charge to perform a pega de cara or pega de caras (face catch). The front man secures the animal's head and is quickly aided by his fellows who surround and secure the animal until he is subdued. Many people who watch Portuguese style bullfights in the United States coin the term "suicide squad" to refer to this group of eight men.
The bull is not killed in the ring and, at the end of the corrida, leading oxen are let into the arena and two campinos on foot herd the bull along them back to its pen. The bull is usually killed, away from the audience's sight, by a professional butcher. Some bulls, after an exceptional performance, restored to health and then released to pasture for breeding.[citation needed] Nevertheless, tradition was so strong at the small frontier town of Barrancos, where the bull was illegally put to death in the arena, that the government was forced to relent and permit the town to follow its ancient matador tradition and kill the bull in the arena.
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Cavaleiro
A horseman (rider), dressed in traditional 18th century costumes fights the bull from horseback. The horses are Portuguese Lusitanos, specially trained for the fights. These horses are usually skilled in dressage and may exhibit their art in the arena. The purpose of this fight is to stab three or four bandarilhas (small javelins) in the back of the bull. Horseback bullfighters are frequently members of old aristocratic families.
Forcados
The forcados are a group of eight men who challenge the bull directly, without any protection or weapon of defense. The front man provokes the bull into a charge to perform a pega de cara or pega de caras (face catch). The front man secures the animal's head and is quickly aided by his fellows who surround and secure the animal until he is subdued. Forcados were usually people from lower classes who, to this day, practice their art through amateur associations.
Bandarilheiros
These men are the matador's and/or cavaleiro's helpers in the arena. They are skillful and wear the suit of light as the matador, except not with the gold sequins. While in the arena, they are holding the gold/pink cape to distract or position the bull.
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VILA FRANCA de XIRA
Vila Franca de Xira (pron. IPA: ['vilɐ 'fɾɐ̃kɐ dɨ 'ʃiɾɐ]) is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 317.7 km² and a total population of 133,224 inhabitants. Situated on the west bank of the River Tagus, just 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.
The town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and October. Bulls are raised in the salty marshlands of the Ribatejo, which is also a notable breeding ground for the magnificent Lusitano horse, esteemed for its quick reflexes and maneuverability.
A number of brightly-coloured Portuguese bullfighting costumes are on display in the ethnographic museum in the town's bullring, the Praça de Toiros (or Touros) Palha Blanco.
DAVOS/SWITZERLAND, 23JAN15 - participants captured during the session Securing Open Societies in the congress centre at the Annual Meeting 2015 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 23, 2015.
WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM/Benedikt von Loebell
Securing the Homeland in the Post-Post 9/11 Era
Nearly two decades have passed since 9/11, and today’s terrorist threat environment is much more complicated and menacing than that posed by Al Qaeda back then. The new Secretary of Homeland Security explains how he is grappling with the challenge and the Trump administration’s plans for meeting it.
John Kelly, Secretary of Homeland Security
Moderator: Pete Williams, Justice Correspondent, NBC News
Property of the Aspen Institute / Photo Credit: Dan Bayer
Camera: Agfa Optima 535 sensor
Film: Schlecker AS 200 (rebranded Fuji, expired 2009)
Developer: Tetenal C41 Kit
Developed with the Jobo autolab ATL-2200
1963 - Tidal Power survey Secure Bay West Kimberley - Harry John and Robby plus Jim Gooderson having fun
KHS - Jim Gooderson (WA Survey Crew) Collection (2012)
KHS Digital Archive Number: KHS-2012-97-ch-b-P10-D
Visit www.kununurra.org.au/
Digitised and documented by KHS Volunteers.
Jim Gooderson was a member of WA Survey crews from1961 to 1963. In1961 and 1962 most work was carried out in the Ord River Irrigation Area and in 1963 Jim was part of a crew undertaking a survey for tidal power in and around Walcott inlet. Jim's crew also visited Camballin, Fitzroy River West Kimberley. Photographs in the collection were taken at all ogf these places.
I was allowed to go inside the main hospital building of Northern State Hospital for the Insane, as well as the dorm for the training nurses and the chapel. I took over 200 pictures and its going to take me awhile to go through and sort out the good ones. But here are some of the best. I will be uploading more in the near future.
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Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto Boxing Live
Saturday, Sept. 12, 2015
Las Vegas (Showtime PPV)
Competition: Boxing
12 rounds (for Mayweather’s RING,WBA and WBC titles)
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Mayweather vs Berto Showdown Advancing the battle, which oddsmakers see as a frail adversary for the undefeated champion, Mayweather is completion off each assault with guard that looks smooth.The pound-for-pound lord of boxing demanded Andre Berto is a commendable rival for his great goodbye when they appeared in downtown Los Angeles on Thursday,, a little more than five weeks prior to they’ll meet at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas on Sept. 12.In the press conference, Floyd admitted that he hears some “backlash” for his choice of a for the most part obscure Andre Berto, yet he has defended the decision by saying that Andre is an “energizing” contender adding to that the media had overhyped Manny Pacquiao, whom he defeated last May. The September battle has been pegged by Floyd as the remainder of his profession, according to him in previous interviews.Berto has only had 3-3 in his last six sessions however he has won consecutive fights. Defeating Josesito Lopez last March through technical a knockout furthermore Steve Chambers a year ago September last year through a unanimous decision.Mayweather is verifiabley that, the best boxer of his period and in the trade among a touch of the best shocking, with the Berto test offering the chance to help his calling record to 49-0. In any case, his latest endeavor to wring eye-popping measures of cash from the wallets of the demonstrating open is what’s more a missed open entryway. “Fight of the Century”, the two will battle in a 12-round super welterweight encounter on Saturday, Sept. 12, 2015. PPV Boxing will bring fans another risky night of fight when these two ever energizing warriors meet in this eagerly awaited match which will be broadcasted live. Coming about to making a reported $220 million from his May hang against Manny Pacquiao, which was spouting with change and went ahead all things considered disappointment, some dialog the last partition of his six-event Showtime plan would happen on permitted to-air structure TV, on CBS. Such a circumstance would have taken some flexibility on all sides, and the assessed $60 million Mayweather could make from the Berto fight would have must be scaled back in a general sense.
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Match Information: Sept. 12, 2015
Live At At Las Vegas (Showtime PPV)
Competition: Boxing
Live / Repeat : Live
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism.
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. During this time, the Ottoman Empire perpetrated genocides against its Greek, Armenian and Assyrian subjects; while not directly involved, Atatürk's role in their aftermath has been controversial. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara (known in English at the time as Angora), he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the sultanate in 1922 and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place the following year.
As the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a republican and secular nation-state. He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency. In particular, women were given voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later, in 1934, full universal suffrage. His government carried out a policy of Turkification, trying to create a homogeneous, unified and above all secular nation under the Turkish banner. Under Atatürk, the minorities in Turkey were ordered to speak Turkish in public, but were allowed to maintain their own languages in private and within their own communities; non-Turkish toponyms were replaced and non-Turkish families were ordered to adopt a Turkish surname. The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means "Father of the Turks", in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57; he was succeeded as president by his long-time prime minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral.
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the United Nations and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year in the World and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as "the leader of the first struggle given against colonialism and imperialism" and a "remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding between peoples and durable peace between the nations of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation between peoples without distinction". Atatürk was also credited for his peace-in-the-world oriented foreign policy and friendship with neighboring countries such as Iran, Yugoslavia, Iraq, and Greece, as well as the creation of the Balkan Pact that resisted the expansionist aggressions of Fascist Italy and Tsarist Bulgaria.
The Turkish War of Independence (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movement, after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. The conflict was between the Turkish Nationalists against Allied and separatist forces over the application of Wilsonian principles, especially national self-determination, in post-World War I Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. The revolution concluded the collapse of the Ottoman Empire; the Ottoman monarchy and the Islamic caliphate were abolished, and the Republic of Turkey was declared in Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. This resulted in a transfer of vested sovereignty from the sultan-caliph to the nation, setting the stage for Republican Turkey's period of nationalist revolutionary reform.
While World War I ended for the Ottoman Empire with the Armistice of Mudros, the Allied Powers continued occupying and securing land per the Sykes–Picot Agreement, as well as to facilitate the prosecution of former members of the Committee of Union and Progress and those involved in the Armenian genocide. Ottoman military commanders therefore refused orders from both the Allies and the Ottoman government to surrender and disband their forces. In an atmosphere of turmoil throughout the remainder of the empire, sultan Mehmed VI dispatched Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk), a well-respected and high-ranking general, to Anatolia to restore order; however, Mustafa Kemal became an enabler and eventually leader of Turkish Nationalist resistance against the Ottoman government, Allied powers, and separatists.
In an attempt to establish control over the power vacuum in Anatolia, the Allies agreed to launch a Greek peacekeeping force into Anatolia and occupy Smyrna (İzmir), inflaming sectarian tensions and beginning the Turkish War of Independence. A nationalist counter government led by Mustafa Kemal was established in Ankara when it became clear the Ottoman government was appeasing the Allied powers. The Allies soon pressured the Ottoman government in Constantinople to suspend the Constitution, shutter Parliament, and sign the Treaty of Sèvres, a treaty unfavorable to Turkish interests that the "Ankara government" declared illegal.
In the ensuing war, Turkish and Syrian forces defeated the French in the south, and remobilized army units went on to partition Armenia with the Bolsheviks, resulting in the Treaty of Kars (October 1921). The Western Front of the independence war is known as the Greco-Turkish War, in which Greek forces at first encountered unorganized resistance. However, İsmet Pasha (İnönü)'s organization of militia into a regular army paid off when Ankara forces fought the Greeks in the First and Second Battle of İnönü. The Greek army emerged victorious in the Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir and decided to drive on the Nationalist capital of Ankara, stretching their supply lines. The Turks checked their advance in the Battle of Sakarya and eventually counter-attacked in the Great Offensive, which expelled Greek forces from Anatolia in the span of three weeks. The war effectively ended with the recapture of İzmir and the Chanak Crisis, prompting the signing of another armistice in Mudanya.
The Grand National Assembly in Ankara was recognized as the legitimate Turkish government, which signed the Treaty of Lausanne (July 1923), a treaty more favorable to Turkey than the Sèvres Treaty. The Allies evacuated Anatolia and Eastern Thrace, the Ottoman government was overthrown and the monarchy abolished, and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (which remains Turkey's primary legislative body today) declared the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. With the war, a population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, and the abolition of the sultanate, the Ottoman era came to an end, and with Atatürk's reforms, the Turks created the modern, secular nation-state of Turkey. On 3 March 1924, the Ottoman caliphate was also abolished.
The ethnic demographics of the modern Turkish Republic were significantly impacted by the earlier Armenian genocide and the deportations of Greek-speaking, Orthodox Christian Rum people. The Turkish Nationalist Movement carried out massacres and deportations to eliminate native Christian populations—a continuation of the Armenian genocide and other ethnic cleansing operations during World War I. Following these campaigns of ethnic cleansing, the historic Christian presence in Anatolia was destroyed, in large part, and the Muslim demographic had increased from 80% to 98%.
Following the chaotic politics of the Second Constitutional Era, the Ottoman Empire came under the control of the Committee of Union and Progress in a coup in 1913, and then further consolidated its control after the assassination of Mahmud Shevket Pasha.[citation needed] Founded as a radical revolutionary group seeking to prevent a collapse of the Ottoman Empire, by the eve of World War I it decided that the solution was to implement nationalist and centralizing policies. The CUP reacted to the losses of land and the expulsion of Muslims from the Balkan Wars by turning even more nationalistic. Part of its effort to consolidate power was to proscribe and exile opposition politicians from the Freedom and Accord Party to remote Sinop.
The Unionists brought the Ottoman Empire into World War I on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary, during which a genocidal campaign was waged against Ottoman Christians, namely Armenians, Pontic Greeks, and Assyrians. It was based on an alleged conspiracy that the three groups would rebel on the side of the Allies, so collective punishment was applied. A similar suspicion and suppression from the Turkish nationalist government was directed towards the Arab and Kurdish populations, leading to localized rebellions. The Entente powers reacted to these developments by charging the CUP leaders, commonly known as the Three Pashas, with "Crimes against humanity" and threatened accountability. They also had imperialist ambitions on Ottoman territory, with a major correspondence over a post-war settlement in the Ottoman Empire being leaked to the press as the Sykes–Picot Agreement. With Saint Petersburg's exit from World War I and descent into civil war, driven in part from the Ottomans' closure of the Turkish straits of goods bound to Russia, a new imperative was given to the Entente powers to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war to restart the Eastern Front.
World War I would be the nail in the coffin of Ottomanism, a monarchist and multicultural nationalism. Mistreatment of non-Turk groups after 1913, and the general context of great socio-political upheaval that occurred in the aftermath of World War I, meant many minorities now wished to divorce their future from imperialism to form futures of their own by separating into (often republican) nation-states.
In the summer months of 1918, the leaders of the Central Powers realized that the Great War was lost, including the Ottomans'. Almost simultaneously the Palestinian Front and then the Macedonian Front collapsed. The sudden decision by Bulgaria to sign an armistice cut communications from Constantinople (İstanbul) to Vienna and Berlin, and opened the undefended Ottoman capital to Entente attack. With the major fronts crumbling, Unionist Grand Vizier Talât Pasha intended to sign an armistice, and resigned on 8 October 1918 so that a new government would receive less harsh armistice terms. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, ending World War I for the Ottoman Empire. Three days later, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)—which governed the Ottoman Empire as a one-party state since 1913—held its last congress, where it was decided the party would be dissolved. Talât, Enver Pasha, Cemal Pasha, and five other high-ranking members of the CUP escaped the Ottoman Empire on a German torpedo boat later that night, plunging the country into a power vacuum.
The armistice was signed because the Ottoman Empire had been defeated in important fronts, but the military was intact and retreated in good order. Unlike other Central Powers, the Allies did not mandate an abdication of the imperial family as a condition for peace, nor did they request the Ottoman Army to dissolve its general staff. Though the army suffered from mass desertion throughout the war which led to banditry, there was no threat of mutiny or revolutions like in Germany, Austria-Hungary, or Russia. This is despite famine and economic collapse that was brought on by the extreme levels of mobilization, destruction from the war, disease, and mass murder since 1914.
Due to the Turkish nationalist policies pursued by the CUP against Ottoman Christians by 1918 the Ottoman Empire held control over a mostly homogeneous land of Muslims from Eastern Thrace to the Persian border. These included mostly Turks, as well as Kurds, Circassians, and Muhacir groups from Rumeli. Most Muslim Arabs were now outside of the Ottoman Empire and under Allied occupation, with some "imperialists" still loyal to the Ottoman Sultanate-Caliphate, and others wishing for independence or Allied protection under a League of Nations mandate. Sizable Greek and Armenian minorities remained within its borders, and most of these communities no longer wished to remain under the Empire.
On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I, bringing hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I to an end. The Ottoman Army was to demobilize, its navy and air force handed to the Allies, and occupied territory in the Caucasus and Persia to be evacuated. Critically, Article VII granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Turkish Straits and the vague right to occupy "in case of disorder" any territory if there were a threat to security. The clause relating to the occupation of the straits was meant to secure a Southern Russian intervention force, while the rest of the article was used to allow for Allied controlled peace-keeping forces. There was also a hope to follow through punishing local actors that carried out exterminatory orders from the CUP government against Armenian Ottomans. For now, the House of Osman escaped the fates of the Hohenzollerns, Habsburgs, and Romanovs to continue ruling their empire, though at the cost of its remaining sovereignty.
On 13 November 1918, a French brigade entered Constantinople to begin a de facto occupation of the Ottoman capital and its immediate dependencies. This was followed by a fleet consisting of British, French, Italian and Greek ships deploying soldiers on the ground the next day, totaling 50,000 troops in Constantinople. The Allied Powers stated that the occupation was temporary and its purpose was to protect the monarchy, the caliphate and the minorities. Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe—the British signatory of the Mudros Armistice—stated the Triple Entente's public position that they had no intention to dismantle the Ottoman government or place it under military occupation by "occupying Constantinople". However, dismantling the government and partitioning the Ottoman Empire among the Allied nations had been an objective of the Entente since the start of WWI.
A wave of seizures took place in the rest of the country in the following months. Citing Article VII, British forces demanded that Turkish troops evacuate Mosul, claiming that Christian civilians in Mosul and Zakho were killed en masse. In the Caucasus, Britain established a presence in Menshevik Georgia and the Lori and Aras valleys as peace-keepers. On 14 November, joint Franco-Greek occupation was established in the town of Uzunköprü in Eastern Thrace as well as the railway axis until the train station of Hadımköy on the outskirts of Constantinople. On 1 December, British troops based in Syria occupied Kilis, Marash, Urfa and Birecik. Beginning in December, French troops began successive seizures of the province of Adana, including the towns of Antioch, Mersin, Tarsus, Ceyhan, Adana, Osmaniye, and İslâhiye, incorporating the area into the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration North while French forces embarked by gunboats and sent troops to the Black Sea ports of Zonguldak and Karadeniz Ereğli commanding Turkey's coal mining region. These continued seizures of land prompted Ottoman commanders to refuse demobilization and prepare for the resumption of war.
The British similarly asked Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) to turn over the port of Alexandretta (İskenderun), which he reluctantly did, following which he was recalled to Constantinople. He made sure to distribute weapons to the population to prevent them from falling into the hands of Allied forces. Some of these weapons were smuggled to the east by members of Karakol, a successor to the CUP's Special Organization, to be used in case resistance was necessary in Anatolia. Many Ottoman officials participated in efforts to conceal from the occupying authorities details of the burgeoning independence movement spreading throughout Anatolia.
Other commanders began refusing orders from the Ottoman government and the Allied powers. After Mustafa Kemal Pasha returned to Constantinople, Ali Fuat Pasha (Cebesoy) brought XX Corps under his command. He marched first to Konya and then to Ankara to organise resistance groups, such as the Circassian çetes he assembled with guerilla leader Çerkes Ethem. Meanwhile, Kazım Karabekir Pasha refused to surrender his intact and powerful XV Corps in Erzurum. Evacuation from the Caucusus, puppet republics and Muslim militia groups were established in the army's wake to hamper with the consolidation of the new Armenian state. Elsewhere in the country, regional nationalist resistance organizations known as Şuras –meaning "councils", not unlike soviets in revolutionary Russia– were founded, most pledging allegiance to the Defence of National Rights movement that protested continued Allied occupation and appeasement by the Sublime Porte.
Following the occupation of Constantinople, Mehmed VI Vahdettin dissolved the Chamber of Deputies which was dominated by Unionists elected back in 1914, promising elections for the next year. Vahdettin just ascended to the throne only months earlier with the death of Mehmed V Reşad. He was disgusted with the policies of the CUP, and wished to be a more assertive sovereign than his diseased half brother. Greek and Armenian Ottomans declared the termination of their relationship with the Ottoman Empire through their respective patriarchates, and refused to partake in any future election. With the collapse of the CUP and its censorship regime, an outpouring of condemnation against the party came from all parts of Ottoman media.
A general amnesty was soon issued, allowing the exiled and imprisoned dissidents persecuted by the CUP to return to Constantinople. Vahdettin invited the pro-Palace politician Damat Ferid Pasha, leader of the reconstituted Freedom and Accord Party, to form a government, whose members quickly set out to purge the Unionists from the Ottoman government. Ferid Pasha hoped that his Anglophilia and an attitude of appeasement would induce less harsh peace terms from the Allied powers. However, his appointment was problematic for nationalists, many being members of the liquidated committee that were surely to face trial. Years of corruption, unconstitutional acts, war profiteering, and enrichment from ethnic cleansing and genocide by the Unionists soon became basis of war crimes trials and courts martial trials held in Constantinople.[citation needed] While many leading Unionists were sentenced lengthy prison sentences, many made sure to escape the country before Allied occupation or to regions that the government now had minimal control over; thus most were sentenced in absentia. The Allies encouragement of the proceedings and the use of British Malta as their holding ground made the trials unpopular. The partisan nature of the trials was not lost on observers either. The hanging of the Kaymakam of Boğazlıyan district Mehmed Kemal resulted in a demonstration against the courts martials trials.
With all the chaotic politics in the capital and uncertainty of the severity of the incoming peace treaty, many Ottomans looked to Washington with the hope that the application of Wilsonian principles would mean Constantinople would stay Turkish, as Muslims outnumbered Christians 2:1. The United States never declared war on the Ottoman Empire, so many imperial elite believed Washington could be a neutral arbiter that could fix the empire's problems. Halide Edip (Adıvar) and her Wilsonian Principles Society led the movement that advocated for the empire to be governed by an American League of Nations Mandate (see United States during the Turkish War of Independence). American diplomats attempted to ascertain a role they could play in the area with the Harbord and King–Crane Commissions. However, with the collapse of Woodrow Wilson's health, the United States diplomatically withdrew from the Middle East to focus on Europe, leaving the Entente powers to construct a post-Ottoman order.
The Entente would have arrived at Constantinople to discover an administration attempting to deal with decades of accumulated refugee crisis. The new government issued a proclamation allowing for deportees to return to their homes, but many Greeks and Armenians found their old homes occupied by desperate Rumelian and Caucasian Muslim refugees which were settled in their properties during the First World War. Ethnic conflict restarted in Anatolia; government officials responsible for resettling Christian refugees often assisted Muslim refugees in these disputes, prompting European powers to continue bringing Ottoman territory under their control. Of the 800,000 Ottoman Christian refugees, approximately over half returned to their homes by 1920. Meanwhile 1.4 million refugees from the Russian Civil War would pass through the Turkish straits and Anatolia, with 150,000 White émigrés choosing to settle in Istanbul for short or long term (see Evacuation of the Crimea). Many provinces were simply depopulated from years of fighting, conscription, and ethnic cleansing (see Ottoman casualties of World War I). The province of Yozgat lost 50% of its Muslim population from conscription, while according to the governor of Van, almost 95% of its prewar residents were dead or internally displaced.
Administration in much of the Anatolian and Thracian countryside would soon all but collapse by 1919. Army deserters who turned to banditry essentially controlled fiefdoms with tacit approval from bureaucrats and local elites. An amnesty issued in late 1918 saw these bandits strengthen their positions and fight amongst each other instead of returning to civilian life. Albanian and Circassian muhacirs resettled by the government in northwestern Anatolia and Kurds in southeastern Anatolia were engaged in blood feuds that intensified during the war and were hesitant to pledge allegiance to the Defence of Rights movement, and only would if officials could facilitate truces. Various Muhacir groups were suspicious of the continued Ittihadist ideology in the Defence of Rights movement, and the potential for themselves to meet fates 'like the Armenians' especially as warlords hailing from those communities assisted the deportations of the Christians even though as many commanders in the Nationalist movement also had Caucasian and Balkan Muslim ancestry.
With Anatolia in practical anarchy and the Ottoman army being questionably loyal in reaction to Allied land seizures, Mehmed VI established the military inspectorate system to reestablish authority over the remaining empire. Encouraged by Karabekir and Edmund Allenby, he assigned Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) as the inspector of the Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate –based in Erzurum– to restore order to Ottoman military units and to improve internal security on 30 April 1919, with his first assignment to suppress a rebellion by Greek rebels around the city of Samsun.
Mustafa Kemal was a well known, well respected, and well connected army commander, with much prestige coming from his status as the "Hero of Anafartalar"—for his role in the Gallipoli Campaign—and his title of "Honorary Aide-de-camp to His Majesty Sultan" gained in the last months of WWI. This choice would seem curious, as he was a nationalist and a fierce critic of the government's accommodating policy to the Entente powers. He was also an early member of the CUP. However Kemal Pasha did not associate himself with the fanatical faction of the CUP, many knew that he frequently clashed with the radicals of the Central Committee like Enver. He was therefore sidelined to the periphery of power throughout the Great War; after the CUP's dissolution he vocally aligned himself with moderates that formed the Liberal People's Party instead of the rump radical faction which formed the Renewal Party (both parties would be banned in May 1919 for being successors of the CUP). All these reasons allowed him to be the most legitimate nationalist for the sultan to placate. In this new political climate, he sought to capitalize on his war exploits to attain a better job, indeed several times he unsuccessfully lobbied for his inclusion in cabinet as War Minister. His new assignment gave him effective plenipotentiary powers over all of Anatolia which was meant to accommodate him and other nationalists to keep them loyal to the government.
Mustafa Kemal had earlier declined to become the leader of the Sixth Army headquartered in Nusaybin. But according to Patrick Balfour, through manipulation and the help of friends and sympathizers, he became the inspector of virtually all of the Ottoman forces in Anatolia, tasked with overseeing the disbanding process of remaining Ottoman forces. Kemal had an abundance of connections and personal friends concentrated in the post-armistice War Ministry, a powerful tool that would help him accomplish his secret goal: to lead a nationalist movement to safeguard Turkish interests against the Allied powers and a collaborative Ottoman government.
The day before his departure to Samsun on the remote Black Sea coast, Kemal had one last audience with Sultan Vahdettin, where he affirmed his loyalty to the sultan-caliph. It was in this meeting that they were informed of the botched occupation ceremony of Smyrna (İzmir) by the Greeks. He and his carefully selected staff left Constantinople aboard the old steamer SS Bandırma on the evening of 16 May 1919.
On 19 January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference was first held, at which Allied nations set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers, including the Ottoman Empire. As a special body of the Paris Conference, "The Inter-Allied Commission on Mandates in Turkey", was established to pursue the secret treaties they had signed between 1915 and 1917. Italy sought control over the southern part of Anatolia under the Agreement of St.-Jean-de-Maurienne. France expected to exercise control over Hatay, Lebanon, Syria, and a portion of southeastern Anatolia based on the Sykes–Picot Agreement.
Greece justified their territorial claims of Ottoman land through the Megali Idea as well as international sympathy from the suffering of Ottoman Greeks in 1914 and 1917–1918. Privately, Greek prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos had British prime minister David Lloyd George's backing not least from Greece's entrance to WWI on the Allied side, but also from his charisma and charming personality. Greece's participation in the Allies' Southern Russian intervention also earned it favors in Paris. His demands included parts of Eastern Thrace, the islands of Imbros (Gökçeada), Tenedos (Bozcaada), and parts of Western Anatolia around the city of Smyrna (İzmir), all of which had large Greek populations. Venizelos also advocated a large Armenian state to check a post-war Ottoman Empire. Greece wanted to incorporate Constantinople, but Entente powers did not give permission. Damat Ferid Pasha went to Paris on behalf of the Ottoman Empire hoping to minimize territorial losses using Fourteen Points rhetoric, wishing for a return to status quo ante bellum, on the basis that every province of the Empire holds Muslim majorities. This plea was met with ridicule.
At the Paris Peace Conference, competing claims over Western Anatolia by Greek and Italian delegations led Greece to land the flagship of the Greek Navy at Smyrna, resulting in the Italian delegation walking out of the peace talks. On 30 April, Italy responded to the possible idea of Greek incorporation of Western Anatolia by sending a warship to Smyrna as a show of force against the Greek campaign. A large Italian force also landed in Antalya. Faced with Italian annexation of parts of Asia Minor with a significant ethnic Greek population, Venizelos secured Allied permission for Greek troops to land in Smyrna per Article VII, ostensibly as a peacekeeping force to keep stability in the region. Venizelos's rhetoric was more directed against the CUP regime than the Turks as a whole, an attitude not always shared in the Greek military: "Greece is not making war against Islam, but against the anachronistic [İttihadist] Government, and its corrupt, ignominious, and bloody administration, with a view to the expelling it from those territories where the majority of the population consists of Greeks." It was decided by the Triple Entente that Greece would control a zone around Smyrna and Ayvalık in western Asia Minor.
Most historians mark the Greek landing at Smyrna on 15 May 1919 as the start date of the Turkish War of Independence as well as the start of the "Kuva-yi Milliye Phase". The occupation ceremony from the outset was tense from nationalist fervor, with Ottoman Greeks greeting the soldiers with an ecstatic welcome, and Ottoman Muslims protesting the landing. A miscommunication in Greek high command led to an Evzone column marching by the municipal Turkish barracks. The nationalist journalist Hasan Tahsin fired the "first bullet"[note 4] at the Greek standard bearer at the head of the troops, turning the city into a warzone. Süleyman Fethi Bey was murdered by bayonet for refusing to shout "Zito Venizelos" (meaning "long live Venizelos"), and 300–400 unarmed Turkish soldiers and civilians and 100 Greek soldiers and civilians were killed or wounded.
Greek troops moved from Smyrna outwards to towns on the Karaburun peninsula; to Selçuk, situated a hundred kilometres south of the city at a key location that commands the fertile Küçük Menderes River valley; and to Menemen towards the north. Guerilla warfare commenced in the countryside, as Turks began to organize themselves into irregular guerilla groups known as Kuva-yi Milliye (national forces), which were soon joined by Ottoman soldiers, bandits, and disaffected farmers. Most Kuva-yi Milliye bands were led by rogue military commanders and members of the Special Organization. The Greek troops based in cosmopolitan Smyrna soon found themselves conducting counterinsurgency operations in a hostile, dominantly Muslim hinterland. Groups of Ottoman Greeks also formed contingents that cooperated with the Greek Army to combat Kuva-yi Milliye within the zone of control. A massacre of Turks at Menemen was followed up with a battle for the town of Aydın, which saw intense intercommunal violence and the razing of the city. What was supposed to be a peacekeeping mission of Western Anatolia instead inflamed ethnic tensions and became a counterinsurgency.
The reaction of Greek landing at Smyrna and continued Allied seizures of land served to destabilize Turkish civil society. Ottoman bureaucrats, military, and bourgeoisie trusted the Allies to bring peace, and thought the terms offered at Mudros were considerably more lenient than they actually were. Pushback was potent in the capital, with 23 May 1919 being largest of the Sultanahmet Square demonstrations organized by the Turkish Hearths against the Greek occupation of Smyrna, the largest act of civil disobedience in Turkish history at that point. The Ottoman government condemned the landing, but could do little about it. Ferid Pasha tried to resign, but was urged by the sultan to stay in his office.
Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his colleagues stepped ashore in Samsun on 19 May and set up their first quarters in the Mıntıka Palace Hotel. British troops were present in Samsun, and he initially maintained cordial contact. He had assured Damat Ferid about the army's loyalty towards the new government in Constantinople. However, behind the government's back, Kemal made the people of Samsun aware of the Greek and Italian landings, staged discreet mass meetings, made fast connections via telegraph with the army units in Anatolia, and began to form links with various Nationalist groups. He sent telegrams of protest to foreign embassies and the War Ministry about British reinforcements in the area and about British aid to Greek brigand gangs. After a week in Samsun, Kemal and his staff moved to Havza. It was there that he first showed the flag of the resistance.
Mustafa Kemal wrote in his memoir that he needed nationwide support to justify armed resistance against the Allied occupation. His credentials and the importance of his position were not enough to inspire everyone. While officially occupied with the disarming of the army, he met with various contacts in order to build his movement's momentum. He met with Rauf Pasha, Karabekir Pasha, Ali Fuat Pasha, and Refet Pasha and issued the Amasya Circular (22 June 1919). Ottoman provincial authorities were notified via telegraph that the unity and independence of the nation was at risk, and that the government in Constantinople was compromised. To remedy this, a congress was to take place in Erzurum between delegates of the Six Vilayets to decide on a response, and another congress would take place in Sivas where every Vilayet should send delegates. Sympathy and an lack of coordination from the capital gave Mustafa Kemal freedom of movement and telegraph use despite his implied anti-government tone.
On 23 June, High Commissioner Admiral Calthorpe, realising the significance of Mustafa Kemal's discreet activities in Anatolia, sent a report about the Pasha to the Foreign Office. His remarks were downplayed by George Kidson of the Eastern Department. Captain Hurst of the British occupation force in Samsun warned Admiral Calthorpe one more time, but Hurst's units were replaced with the Brigade of Gurkhas. When the British landed in Alexandretta, Admiral Calthorpe resigned on the basis that this was against the armistice that he had signed and was assigned to another position on 5 August 1919. The movement of British units alarmed the population of the region and convinced them that Mustafa Kemal was right.
By early July, Mustafa Kemal Pasha received telegrams from the sultan and Calthorpe, asking him and Refet to cease his activities in Anatolia and return to the capital. Kemal was in Erzincan and did not want to return to Constantinople, concerned that the foreign authorities might have designs for him beyond the sultan's plans. Before resigning from his position, he dispatched a circular to all nationalist organizations and military commanders to not disband or surrender unless for the latter if they could be replaced by cooperative nationalist commanders. Now only a civilian stripped of his command, Mustafa Kemal was at the mercy of the new inspector of Third Army (renamed from Ninth Army) Karabekir Pasha, indeed the War Ministry ordered him to arrest Kemal, an order which Karabekir refused. The Erzurum Congress was a meeting of delegates and governors from the six Eastern Vilayets. They drafted the National Pact (Misak-ı Millî), which envisioned new borders for the Ottoman Empire by applying principles of national self-determination per Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the abolition of the capitulations. The Erzurum Congress concluded with a circular that was effectively a declaration of independence: All regions within Ottoman borders upon the signing of the Mudros Armistice were indivisible from the Ottoman state –Greek and Armenian claims on Thrace and Anatolia were moot– and assistance from any country not coveting Ottoman territory was welcome. If the government in Constantinople was not able to attain this after electing a new parliament, they insisted a provisional government should be promulgated to defend Turkish sovereignty. The Committee of Representation was established as a provisional executive body based in Anatolia, with Mustafa Kemal Pasha as its chairman.
Following the congress, the Committee of Representation relocated to Sivas. As announced in the Amasya Circular, a new congress was held there in September with delegates from all Anatolian and Thracian provinces. The Sivas Congress repeated the points of the National Pact agreed to in Erzurum, and united the various regional Defence of National Rights Associations organizations, into a united political organisation: Anatolia and Rumeli Defence of Rights Association (A-RMHC), with Mustafa Kemal as its chairman. In an effort show his movement was in fact a new and unifying movement, the delegates had to swear an oath to discontinue their relations with the CUP and to never revive the party (despite most present in Sivas being previous members).[120] It was also decided there that the Ottoman Empire should not be a League of Nations mandate under the United States, especially after the U.S Senate failed to ratify American membership in the League.
Momentum was now on the Nationalists' side. A plot by a loyalist Ottoman governor and a British intelligence officer to arrest Kemal before the Sivas Congress led to the cutting of all ties with the Ottoman government until a new election would be held in the lower house of parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. In October 1919, the last Ottoman governor loyal to Constantinople fled his province. Fearing the outbreak of hostilities, all British troops stationed in the Black Sea coast and Kütahya were evacuated. Damat Ferid Pasha resigned, and the sultan replaced him with a general with nationalist credentials: Ali Rıza Pasha. On 16 October 1919, Ali Rıza and the Nationalists held negotiations in Amasya. They agreed in the Amasya Protocol that an election would be called for the Ottoman Parliament to establish national unity by upholding the resolutions made in the Sivas Congress, including the National Pact.
By October 1919, the Ottoman government only held de facto control over Constantinople; the rest of the Ottoman Empire was loyal to Kemal's movement to resist a partition of Anatolia and Thrace. Within a few months Mustafa Kemal went from General Inspector of the Ninth Army to a renegade military commander discharged for insubordination to leading a homegrown anti-Entente movement that overthrew a government and driven it into resistance.
In December 1919, an election was held for the Ottoman parliament, with polls only open in unoccupied Anatolia and Thrace. It was boycotted by Ottoman Greeks, Ottoman Armenians and the Freedom and Accord Party, resulting in groups associated with the Turkish Nationalist Movement winning, including the A-RMHC. The Nationalists' obvious links to the CUP made the election especially polarizing and voter intimidation and ballot box stuffing in favor of the Kemalists were regular occurrences in rural provinces. This controversy led to many of the nationalist MPs organizing the National Salvation Group separate from Kemal's movement, which risked the nationalist movement splitting in two.
Mustafa Kemal was elected an MP from Erzurum, but he expected the Allies neither to accept the Harbord report nor to respect his parliamentary immunity if he went to the Ottoman capital, hence he remained in Anatolia. Mustafa Kemal and the Committee of Representation moved from Sivas to Ankara so that he could keep in touch with as many deputies as possible as they traveled to Constantinople to attend the parliament.
Though Ali Rıza Pasha called the election as per the Amasya Protocol to keep unity between the "Istanbul government" and "Ankara government", he was wrong to think the election could bring him any legitimacy. The Ottoman parliament was under the de facto control of the British battalion stationed at Constantinople and any decisions by the parliament had to have the signatures of both Ali Rıza Pasha and the battalion's commanding officer. The only laws that passed were those acceptable to, or specifically ordered by the British.
On 12 January 1920, the last session of the Chamber of Deputies met in the capital. First the sultan's speech was presented, and then a telegram from Mustafa Kemal, manifesting the claim that the rightful government of Turkey was in Ankara in the name of the Committee of Representation. On 28 January the MPs from both sides of the isle secretly met to endorse the National Pact as a peace settlement. They added to the points passed in Sivas, calling for plebiscites to be held in West Thrace; Batum, Kars, and Ardahan, and Arab lands on whether to stay in the Empire or not. Proposals were also made to elect Kemal president of the Chamber;[clarification needed] however, this was deferred in the certain knowledge that the British would prorogue the Chamber. The Chamber of Deputies would be forcefully dissolved for passing the National Pact anyway. The National Pact solidified Nationalist interests, which were in conflict with the Allied plans.
From February to April, leaders of Britain, France, and Italy met in London to discuss the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the crisis in Anatolia. The British began to sense that the elected Ottoman government was under Kemalist influence and if left unchecked, the Entente could once again find themselves at war with the Empire. The Ottoman government was not doing all that it could to suppress the Nationalists.
Mustafa Kemal manufactured a crisis to pressure the Istanbul government to pick a side by deploying Kuva-yi Milliye towards İzmit. The British, concerned about the security of the Bosporus Strait, demanded Ali Rıza Pasha to reassert control over the area, to which he responded with his resignation to the sultan.
As they were negotiating the partition of the Ottoman Empire, the Allies were growing increasingly concerned about the Turkish National Movement. To this end, the Allied occupational authorities in Istanbul began to plan a raid to arrest nationalist politicians and journalists along with occupying military and police installations and government buildings. On 16 March 1920, the coup was carried out; several Royal Navy warships were anchored in the Galata Bridge to support British forces, including the Indian Army, while they carried out the arrests and occupied several government buildings in the early hours of the morning.
An Indian Army operation, the Şehzadebaşı raid, resulted in 5 Ottoman soldiers from the 10th Infantry Division being killed when troops raided their barracks. Among those arrested were the senior leadership of the Turkish National Movement and former members of the CUP. 150 arrested Turkish politicians accused of war crimes were interned in Malta and became known as the Malta exiles.
Mustafa Kemal was ready for this move. He warned all the Nationalist organisations that there would be misleading declarations from the capital. He warned that the only way to counter Allied movements was to organise protests. He declared "Today the Turkish nation is called to defend its capacity for civilization, its right to life and independence – its entire future".
On 18 March, the Chamber of Deputies declared that it was unacceptable to arrest five of its members, and dissolved itself. Mehmed VI confirmed this and declared the end of Constitutional Monarchy and a return to absolutism. University students were forbidden from joining political associations inside and outside the classroom. With the lower elected Chamber of Deputies shuttered, the Constitution terminated, and the capital occupied; Sultan Vahdettin, his cabinet, and the appointed Senate were all that remained of the Ottoman government, and were basically a puppet regime of the Allied powers. Grand Vizier Salih Hulusi Pasha declared Mustafa Kemal's struggle legitimate, and resigned after less than a month in office. In his place, Damat Ferid Pasha returned to the premiership. The Sublime Porte's decapitation by the Entente allowed Mustafa Kemal to consolidate his position as the sole leader of Turkish resistance against the Allies, and to that end made him the legitimate representative of the Turkish people.
The strong measures taken against the Nationalists by the Allies in March 1920 began a distinct new phase of the conflict. Mustafa Kemal sent a note to the governors and force commanders, asking them to conduct elections to provide delegates for a new parliament to represent the Ottoman (Turkish) people, which would convene in Ankara. With the proclamation of the counter-government, Kemal would then ask the sultan to accept its authority. Mustafa Kemal appealed to the Islamic world, asking for help to make sure that everyone knew he was still fighting in the name of the sultan who was also the caliph. He stated he wanted to free the caliph from the Allies. He found an ally in the Khilafat movement of British India, where Indians protested Britain's planned dismemberment of Turkey. A committee was also started for sending funds to help the soon to be proclaimed Ankara government of Mustafa Kemal. A flood of supporters moved to Ankara just ahead of the Allied dragnets. Included among them were Halide Edip and Abdülhak Adnan (Adıvar), Mustafa İsmet Pasha (İnönü), Mustafa Fevzi Pasha (Çakmak), many of Kemal's allies in the Ministry of War, and Celalettin Arif, the president of the now shuttered Chamber of Deputies. Celaleddin Arif's desertion of the capital was of great significance, as he declared that the Ottoman Parliament had been dissolved illegally.
Some 100 members of the Chamber of Deputies were able to escape the Allied roundup and joined 190 deputies elected. In March 1920, Turkish revolutionaries announced the establishment of a new parliament in Ankara known as the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNA) that was dominated by the A-RMHC.[citation needed] The parliament included Turks, Circassians, Kurds, and one Jew. They met in a building that used to serve as the provincial headquarters of the local CUP chapter. The inclusion of "Turkey" in its name reflected a increasing trend of new ways Ottoman citizens thought of their country, and was the first time it was formally used as the name of the country. On 23 April, the assembly, assuming full governmental powers, gathered for the first time, electing Mustafa Kemal its first Speaker and Prime Minister.
Hoping to undermine the Nationalist Movement, Mehmed VI issued a fatwa to qualify the Turkish revolutionaries as infidels, calling for the death of its leaders. The fatwa stated that true believers should not go along with the Nationalist Movement as they committed apostasy. The mufti of Ankara Rifat Börekçi issued a simultaneous fatwa, declaring that the caliphate was under the control of the Entente and the Ferid Pasha government. In this text, the Nationalist Movement's goal was stated as freeing the sultanate and the caliphate from its enemies. In reaction to the desertion of several prominent figures to the Nationalist Movement, Ferid Pasha ordered Halide Edip, Ali Fuat and Mustafa Kemal to be sentenced to death in absentia for treason.
On 28 April the sultan raised 4,000 soldiers known as the Kuva-yi İnzibatiye (Caliphate Army) to combat the Nationalists. Then using money from the Allies, another force about 2,000 strong from non-Muslim inhabitants were initially deployed in İznik. The sultan's government sent the forces under the name of the Caliphate Army to the revolutionaries to arouse counterrevolutionary sympathy. The British, being skeptical of how formidable these insurgents were, decided to use irregular power to counteract the revolutionaries. The Nationalist forces were distributed all around Turkey, so many smaller units were dispatched to face them. In İzmit there were two battalions of the British army. These units were to be used to rout the partisans under the command of Ali Fuat and Refet Pasha.
Anatolia had many competing forces on its soil: British troops, Nationalist militia (Kuva-yi Milliye), the sultan's army (Kuva-yi İnzibatiye), and Anzavur's bands. On 13 April 1920, an uprising supported by Anzavur against the GNA occurred at Düzce as a direct consequence of the fatwa. Within days the rebellion spread to Bolu and Gerede. The movement engulfed northwestern Anatolia for about a month. On 14 June, Nationalist militia fought a pitched battle near İzmit against the Kuva-yi İnzibatiye, Anzavur's bands, and British units. Yet under heavy attack some of the Kuva-yi İnzibatiye deserted and joined the Nationalist militia. Anzavur was not so lucky, as the Nationalists tasked Ethem the Circassian with crushing Anzavur's revolt. This revealed the sultan did not have the unwavering support of his own men and allies. Meanwhile, the rest of these forces withdrew behind the British lines which held their position. For now, Istanbul was out of Ankara's grasp.
The clash outside İzmit brought serious consequences. British forces conducted combat operations on the Nationalists and the Royal Air Force carried out aerial bombardments against the positions, which forced Nationalist forces to temporarily retreat to more secure missions. The British commander in Turkey, General George Milne—, asked for reinforcements. This led to a study to determine what would be required to defeat the Turkish Nationalists. The report, signed by French Field Marshal Ferdinand Foch, concluded that 27 divisions were necessary, but the British army did not have 27 divisions to spare. Also, a deployment of this size could have disastrous political consequences back home. World War I had just ended, and the British public would not support another lengthy and costly expedition.
The British accepted the fact that a nationalist movement could not be defeated without deployment of consistent and well-trained forces. On 25 June, the forces originating from Kuva-i İnzibatiye were dismantled under British supervision. The British realised that the best option to overcome these Turkish Nationalists was to use a force that was battle-tested and fierce enough to fight the Turks on their own soil. The British had to look no further than Turkey's neighbor already occupying its territory: Greece.
Eleftherios Venizelos, pessimistic of the rapidly deteriorating situation in Anatolia, requested to the Allies that a peace treaty be drawn up with the hope that fighting would stop. The subsequent treaty of Sèvres in August 1920 confirmed the Arab provinces of the empire would be reorganized into new nations given to Britain and France in the form of Mandates by the League of Nations, while the rest of the Empire would be partitioned between Greece, Italy, France (via Syrian mandate), Britain (via Iraqi mandate), Armenia (potentially under an American mandate), and Georgia. Smyrna would hold a plebiscite on whether to stay with Greece or Turkey, and the Kurdistan region would hold one on the question of independence. British, French, and Italian spheres of influence would also extend into Anatolia beyond the land concessions. The old capital of Constantinople as well as the Dardanelles would be under international League of Nations control.
However, the treaty could never come into effect. The treaty was extremely unpopular, with protests against the final document held even before its release in Sultanahmet square. Though Mehmed VI and Ferid Pasha loathed the treaty, they did not want Istanbul to join Ankara in nationalist struggle. The Ottoman government and Greece never ratified it. Though Ferid Pasha signed the treaty, the Ottoman Senate, the upper house with seats appointed by the sultan, refused to ratify the treaty. Greece disagreed on the borders drawn. The other allies began to fracture their support of the settlement immediately. Italy started openly supporting the Nationalists with arms by the end of 1920, and the French signed another separate peace treaty with Ankara only months later.
Kemal's GNA Government responded to the Treaty of Sèvres by promulgating a new constitution in January 1921. The resulting constitution consecrated the principle of popular sovereignty; authority not deriving from the unelected sultan, but from the Turkish people who elect governments representative of their interests. This document became the legal basis for the war of independence by the GNA, as the sultan's signature of the Treaty of Sèvres would be unconstitutional as his position was not elected. While the constitution did not specify a future role of the sultan, the document gave Kemal ever more legitimacy in the eyes of Turks for justified resistance against Istanbul.
In contrast to the Eastern and Western fronts, it was mostly unorganized Kuva-yi Milliye which were fighting in the Southern Front against France. They had help from the Syrians, who were fighting their own war with the French.
The British troops which occupied coastal Syria by the end of World War I were replaced by French troops over 1919, with the Syrian interior going to Faisal bin Al-Hussein's self-proclaimed Arab Kingdom of Syria. France which wanted to take control of all of Syria and Cilicia. There was also a desire facilitate the return of Armenian refugees in the region to their homes, and the occupation force consisted of the French Armenian Legion as well as various Armenian militia groups. 150,000 Armenians were repatriated to their homes within months of French occupation. On 21 January 1920, a Turkish Nationalist uprising and siege occurred against the French garrison in Marash. The French position untenable they retreated to Islahiye, resulting in a massacre of many Armenians by Turkish militia. A grueling siege followed in Antep which featured intense sectarian violence between Turks and Armenians. After a failed uprising by the Nationalists in Adana, by 1921, the French and Turks signed an armistice and eventually a treaty was brokered demarcating the border between the Ankara government and French controlled Syria. In the end, there was a mass exodus of Cilician Armenians to French controlled Syria, Previous Armenian survivors of deportation found themselves again as refugees and families which avoided the worst of the six years violence were forced from their homes, ending thousands of years of Christian presence in Southern Anatolia.[146] With France being the first Allied power to recognize and negotiate with the Ankara government only months after signing the Treaty of Sèvres, it was the first to break from the coordinated Allied approach to the Eastern question. In 1923 the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon under French authority would be proclaimed in former Ottoman territory.
Some efforts to coordinate between Turkish Nationalists and the Syrian rebels persisted from 1920 to 1921, with the Nationalists supporting the Faisal's kingdom through Ibrahim Hanunu and Alawite groups which were also fighting the French. While the French conquered Syria, Cilicia had to be abandoned.
Kuva-yi Milliye also engaged with British forces in the "Al-Jazira Front," primarily in Mosul. Ali İhsan Pasha (Sabis) and his forces defending Mosul would surrender to the British in October 1918, but the British ignored the armistice and seized the city, following which the pasha also ignored the armistice and distributed weapons to the locals. Even before Mustafa Kemal's movement was fully organized, rogue commanders found allies in Kurdish tribes. The Kurds detested the taxes and centralization the British demanded, including Shaykh Mahmud of the Barzani family. Having previously supported the British invasion of Mesopotamia to become the governor of South Kurdistan, Mahmud revolted but was apprehended by 1919. Without legitimacy to govern the region, he was released from captivity to Sulaymaniyah, where he again declared an uprising against the British as the King of Kurdistan. Though an alliance existed with the Turks, little material support came to him from Ankara, and by 1923 there was a desire to cease hostilities between the Turks and British at Barzanji's expense. Mahmud was overthrown in 1924, and after a 1926 plebiscite, Mosul was awarded to British-controlled Iraq.
Since 1917, the Caucasus was in a chaotic state. The border of newly independent Armenia and the Ottoman Empire was defined in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918) after the Bolshevik revolution, and later by the Treaty of Batum (4 June 1918). To the east, Armenia was at war with the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic after the breakup of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, and received support from Anton Denikin's White Russian Army. It was obvious that after the Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918) the eastern border was not going to stay as it was drawn, which mandated the evacuation of the Ottoman army back to its 1914 borders. Right after the Armistice of Mudros was signed, pro-Ottoman provisional republics were proclaimed in Kars and Aras which were subsequently invaded by Armenia. Ottoman soldiers were convinced not to demobilize lest the area become a 'second Macedonia'.[149] Both sides of the new borders had massive refugee populations and famine, which were compounded by the renewed and more symmetric sectarian violence (See Massacres of Azerbaijanis in Armenia (1917–1921) and Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan). There were talks going on with the Armenian Diaspora and Allied Powers on reshaping the border. Woodrow Wilson agreed to transfer territories to Armenia based on the principles of national self-determination. The results of these talks were to be reflected on the Treaty of Sèvres (10 August 1920).
Kâzım Karabekir Pasha, commander of the XV corps, encountered Muslim refugees fleeing from the Armenian army, but did not have the authority to cross the border. Karabekir's two reports (30 May and 4 June 1920) outlined the situation in the region. He recommended redrawing the eastern borders, especially around Erzurum. The Russian government was receptive to this and demanded that Van and Bitlis be transferred to Armenia. This was unacceptable to the Turkish revolutionaries. However, Soviet support was absolutely vital for the Turkish Nationalist movement, as Turkey was underdeveloped and had no domestic armaments industry. Bakir Sami (Kunduh) was assigned to negotiate with the Bolsheviks.
On 24 September 1920, Karabekir's XV corps and Kurdish militia advance on Kars, blowing through Armenian opposition, and then Alexandropol. With an advance on Yerevan imminent, on 28 November 1920, the 11th Red Army under the command of Anatoliy Gekker crossed over into Armenia from Soviet Azerbaijan, and the Armenian government surrendered to Bolshevik forces, ending the conflict.
The Treaty of Alexandropol (2—3 December 1920) was the first treaty (although illegitimate) signed by the Turkish revolutionaries. The 10th article in the Treaty of Alexandropol stated that Armenia renounced the Treaty of Sèvres and its allotted partition of Anatolia. The agreement was signed with representatives of the former government of Armenia, which by that time had no de jure or de facto power in Armenia, since Soviet rule was already established in the country. On 16 March 1921, the Bolsheviks and Turkey signed a more comprehensive agreement, the Treaty of Kars, which involved representatives of Soviet Armenia, Soviet Azerbaijan, and Soviet Georgia.
Throughout most of his life, Atatürk was a moderate-to-heavy drinker, often consuming half a litre of rakı a day; he also smoked tobacco, predominantly in the form of cigarettes. During 1937, indications that Atatürk's health was worsening started to appear. In early 1938, while on a trip to Yalova, he suffered from a serious illness. He went to Istanbul for treatment, where he was diagnosed with cirrhosis. During his stay in Istanbul, he made an effort to keep up with his regular lifestyle, but eventually succumbed to his illness. He died on 10 November 1938, at the age of 57, in the Dolmabahçe Palace.
Atatürk's funeral called forth both sorrow and pride in Turkey, and 17 countries sent special representatives, while nine contributed armed detachments to the cortège. Atatürk's remains were originally laid to rest in the Ethnography Museum of Ankara, but they were transferred on 10 November 1953 (15 years after his death) in a 42-ton sarcophagus to a mausoleum overlooking Ankara, Anıtkabir.
In his will, Atatürk donated all of his possessions to the Republican People's Party, provided that the yearly interest of his funds would be used to look after his sister Makbule and his adopted children, and fund the higher education of İsmet İnönü's children. The remainder was willed to the Turkish Language Association and the Turkish Historical Society.
Gemalto infographic on the state of banking, trends, common security threats and remedies, benefits and example ROI stats of secure online banking, five reasons to be secure, and an 11 step guide to implement your own secure ebanking platform at your bank.
Attachment theory describes several behavioural systems, the function of which is to regulate human attachment, fear, exploration, care-giving, peer-affiliation and sex. Attachment is defined as any form of behaviour that results in a person attaining and retaining proximity to a differentiated other. The primary caregiver is the source of the infants stress regulation and, therefore, sense of safety and security. Attachment theory emphasises the role of the parent as mediator, reflector and moderator of the childs mind and the childs reliance on the parent to respond to their affective states in ways that are contingent to their internal experience, a process often referred to as secure base/safe haven functioning. Within the close parent-child relationship neural networks dedicated to feelings of safety and danger, attachment and the core sense of self are sculpted and shaped. These networks are conceptualised as internal working models of attachment.
Characteristic patterns of interaction operating within the familys caregiving-attachment system give rise to secure, insecure and disorganized patterns of attachment. These discrete patterns have been categorized using the Strange Situation research procedure, which observes the young childs behaviour when separated and reunited with his or her primary caregiver. Attachment patterns are represented in the childs internal working models of self-other relationships. Secure attachment is promoted by the interactive regulation of affect, which facilitates the recognition, labelling and evaluation of emotional and intentional states in the self and in others, a capacity known as reflective function or mentalization. The recognition of affects as having dynamic, transactional properties is the key to understanding behaviour in oneself and in another. The child comes to recognize his or her mental states as meaningful self-states via a process of parental affect mirroring and marking. Secure children are able to use sophisticated cognitive strategies to integrate and resolve their fear of separation and loss.
When the parent is unavailable, inconsistent or unpredictable, the infant develops one of two organized insecure patterns of attachment: avoidant or ambivalent-resistant. These defensive strategies involve either the deactivation or hyper-activation of the attachment system. Deactivation is characterized by avoidance of the caregiver and by emotional detachment. In effect, the avoidant child immobilizes the attachment system by excluding thoughts and feelings that normally activate the system. Hyper-activation is manifested by an enmeshed ambivalent preoccupation with the caregiver and with negative emotions, particularly anger. However, in common with the avoidant child, the ambivalent child appears to cognitively disconnect feelings from the situation that elicited the distress. Disorganised-disoriented attachment is discussed below.
Attachment research, then, demonstrates that discrete patterns of secure, insecure, and disorganized attachment have as their precursor a specific pattern of caregiver-infant interaction and their own behavioural sequelae. Repeated patterns of interpersonal experience are encoded in implicit-procedural memory and conceptualized as self-other working models of attachment. These mental models consist of generalized beliefs and expectations about relationships between the self and key attachment figures, not the least of which concerns ones worthiness to receive love and care from others.
In sum, the care-giving environment generally, and the infant-caregiver attachment relationship particularly, initiate the child along one of an array of potential developmental pathways. Disturbance of attachment is the outcome of a series of deviations that take the child increasingly further from adaptive functioning. Child abuse and cumulative developmental trauma violate the childs sense of trust, identity and agency and have pernicious and seminal influences on the developing personality. In essence, internal working models of early attachment relationships provide the templates for psychopathology in later life, which may include violent, destructive and self-destructive forms of behaviour. In attachment theory, the main purpose of defence is the regulation of emotions. The primary mechanisms for achieving this are distance regulation and the defensive exclusion of thoughts and feelings associated with attachment trauma.
Early trauma in the form of abuse, loss, neglect and severe parent-child misattunement compromises brain-mediated functions such as attachment, empathy and affect regulation. From an attachment theory perspective, patterns of attachment are encoded and stored as generalized relational patterns in the systems of implicit memory. These are conceptualized as cognitive-affective internal working models which are seen as mediating how we think and feel about ourselves, others and the relationships we develop. Although open to change and modification in the light of new attachment experiences, whether positive or negative, these non-conscious procedural models, scripts or schemas within which early stress and trauma are retained, tend to persevere and guide, appraise and predict attachment-related thoughts, feelings and behaviours throughout the life cycle via the implicit memory system. Psychopathology is seen as deriving from an accumulation of maladaptive interactional patterns that result in character traits and personality types and disorders.
Disorganised attachment may occur when the childs parent is both the source of fear and the only protective figure to whom to turn to resolve stress and anxiety. In such instances, neither proximity seeking nor proximity avoiding is a solution to the activation of the childs attachment and fear behavioural systems. If the trauma remains unresolved and is carried into adulthood, it leaves the individual vulnerable to affect dysregulation in interpersonal conflict situations that induce fear, hate, shame and rage. In such cases, alcohol and illicit drugs are often resorted to as a maladaptive means of suppressing dreaded psychobiological states and restoring a semblance of affective equilibrium.
Findings show that disorganised attachment developed in infancy shifts to controlling behaviour in the older child and adult, reflecting an internalized mental model of the self as unlovable, unworthy of care and support, and fearful of rejection, betrayal and abandonment. Disorganised attachment is associated with a predisposition to relational violence, to dissociative states and conduct disorders in children and adolescents, and to personality disorders in adults. This state of mind constitutes a primary risk factor for the development of borderline, anti-social and sociopathic personality disorders. The rate of such disorders in forensic settings is particularly high. Clinically, dissociated traumatic experience is unsymbolized by thought and language, being encapsulated within the personality as a separate, non-reflective reality which is cut off from authentic human relatedness. The information contained in implicit memory may be retrieved by state-dependent moods and situations. Dissociated archaic internal working models are then activated, influencing and distorting expectations of current events and relationships outside of conscious awareness, particularly in situations involving intense interpersonal stress. In such situations, the self is felt to be endangered, thereby increasing the risk of an angry and potentially violent reaction.
Another big Load of spuds Is Tarped and Secured and on its Way thanks to This Kenworth Leaving Thorpdale=2012
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Sonny Perdue and Chief Economist Robert Johansson are briefed about cotton ginnings, cranberries, and crop production, by National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Crops Branch Chief Lance Honig and World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) Chairman Dr. Seth Meyer, in the NASS Agricultural Statistics Board Lockup facility in Washington, D.C., on Thursday, August 10, 2017. Before entering the Lockup facility, visitors are given a briefing on NASS history and processes, then given a chance to ask questions. Inside the facility, visitors and staff are required to remove and secure electronic communication devices before entering. Statisticians who are secured in the facility over night generate the reports. The finished reports are released to press journalists two hours early, so they can write their stories within a data secure room. Their stories are sent and the reports are made publicly available, at 12 noon. While there, Secretary Perdue tours through the NASS offices to meet the staff. USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
MV Aurora safely moored to sea ice somewhere off Coats Land, after surviving a several week near-recreation of Shackleton's little mishap with Endurance
Cairo, 2005
That's a security guard watching over crowds enjoying the Great Pyramids.
I traveled to Egypt by myself but as part of an escorted tour. One of our companions everywhere the bus went while in Cairo was a dapper fellow, who, briefly, opened his jacket to reveal the gun he was carrying underneath. That actually made us feel more, rather than less, secure.
I've been meaning to post a few more normal perspective shots of the the mystery table and while tending to that effort, I decided to flip the table up on its head and take a closer look at that all wood table extension rail a bit closer and also tighten up all the original slotted higher grade steel screws that I figured a good number of them could stand a tightening up and I was hopeful that in doing so, I could reduce some of that shaky, creaky behavior and I was very relieved to find that not a single screw had been stripped, and not any of the wood cavities that the screws went into showed any sign of damage. So I was able to very carefully and slowly get all of them to tighten with a most secure seating, So the good news is that the table now sits very solidly and soundly on the floor and feels strong enough to now employ it as the new home base of my giant sized mitre box that I started working on back when there was still snow on the ground here. I never got around to completely finishing it off by adding a bit more trim, but that was just to make it a bit more pretty. But I'll have some pics up of that as well when I can squeeze that task in here.
So back to the table and the title of the picture above. I did find an extremely faded inked stamp on the side of one of the rail sections. It was difficult to capture because of the ink's fading and in a tight spot to fit my camera into to take the pic. So the cruddy looking text in the middle of the tables legs, represents my best effort at the moment to try to boost the readability of it but its still pretty difficult.
So the company is out of Wisconsin in the town of...Watertown. They invented and smartly patented the mechanism back in the 1880s and it turned into a roaring business success and ended up being one of the top two table slides in sales volume and it was apparently the local and regional furniture makers from all over the States and Canada who all fell in love with the product's beauty and durability and purchased them to be used on their own expanding table designs. Almost unbelievably, they've managed to keep their business doors open to this day and only stopped making their all wood product line in the mid 1980s and now they feature exclusively, aluminum table rail systems.
So now we know who made the rails.
But who made the rest of it???
The best visual clues I can muster of the table's maker is some recurring numbers that were written with a grease pencil. The predominant number being 78/12. So that is likely their catalog number on the design. And that design seems to have some elements of the world famous British furniture designer and builder from the 1700s, Mr. Chippendale. He published a catalog of his designs and left open a business license to copy his designs so long as you've paid him his fee for the printed catalog. And there-after, you too could become the next Chippendale local craftsmen...or crafts-women. But I don't own the catalogs currently beyond the one or two that have been digitized and made available for free download. But I haven't found this table's design in any of those page scans so far. Maybe that number I mentioned is a Chippendale model number? The world may never know! :)
Cheers!