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Pikillaqta is a village of the Wari people. Wari was the center village and other cities like Pikillaqta were influenced from it. The Wari also inhabited many other sites around the area. The site was occupied from about 550 to 1100AD. Its main use was for ceremonies and the site was no complete when it was abandoned. Luis Valcarcel discovered the site of Pikillaqta in 1927. Extensive research was not done, Valcarcel just focused on the findings of two green-stoned figurines and his findings were not published until years later. Emilio Harth-Terre was next and published the ground plans of the site in 1959 but did not excavate. William Sanders looked at the surface remains of the architecture in the 1960s and split the site into more detailed proportions. He searched two buildings and only found a few artifacts. Mary Glowacki studied the site for ceramics in 1996.
Pikillaqta may have been a large feasting site. There was a large patio in the middle of the architectural structure that probably was the center of the administrative rituals and religious practices. Rulers and their kin would come together and feast and drink, and with the capacity of the patio, Pikillaqta could hold a ceremony for people from other Wari villages. Great amounts of native beer (chicha) was drank. Maize and chica were very important in rituals, they were sacred so they appeared often in ceremonies. Even though the patio was the main function of the ceremonies, other places of Pikillaqta show some important ceremonial use. Niched halls were important religious buildings also. There were 18 of these structures. The halls were looted but they may have held sacred objects and offerings once. In Wari art, ceremonies were depicted with a ceremonial pole coming out of the center of niched halls along with offerings, plants, and felines shown in a sacred context. The functions of the niched halls then were probably ceremonially and ritually used because the halls match up with other Wari sites and art. Small conjoint buildings were also present at the site for ritual use.
There were 501 structures of these rooms. A small number of people could gather here for ritual feasting on a smaller more private scale. Sector four of the small conjoint buildings could have been a place where mummies were held and visited. Small fire hearths were found in them where offerings to the deceased could have been done. The Wari thought it was important to keep in touch with the mummies so they could watch over the living so they were regularly visited. There were four chambers included in the small conjoint rooms an one contained a large stone that the Wari couldn't move. They built their structure around this and the rock was than probably used as a sacred object.
Pikillaqta was occupied from about 550-1100 AD and around 1100 AD is when it was ultimately abandoned. Reasoning for this is not exact but it could have been because of a crisis in the empire or that the Wari were trying to expand somewhere else than planning to comeback. There were two stages in the abandonment, the part where the Wari left and then a giant fire after that.
Pima Air and Space Museum
1/72 SCALE TYPE VIIC Submarine U-654
The German Navy (Kriegsmarine) relied on its submarines to attack Allied shipping in the Atlantic during World War II. With over 700 built the Type VIl was the most common class of submarine used by the Kriegsmarine.
In early 1942 the U-Boats arrived off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and immediately began to take a heavy toll on American coastal shipping. The U-654 departed Lorient, France on July 11, 1942 to patrol in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
On August 22nd the Submarine was sighted by the crew of a Douglas B-18 bolo flown by Captain P.A. Koenig of the 45th Bombardment Squadron 150 miles north of Colon, Panama. As the U-Boat dove to avoid the aircraft, Captain Koenig dropped four depth bombs which bracketed the submarine. The attack brought an oil slick and debris to the surface. Five more B-18s from the 45th joined the attack over the next few hours and dropped a total of 48 depth bombs on the U-654. A large oil sick and air bubbles were seen after the attack but official credit for the kill was not received until after the war when German records could be examined. The U-654 was the first submarine sunk solely by United States Amy Air Forces B-18B Bolos.
Type VIIC Long Range U-Boat
Length: 220 ft 2 in
Beam: 20 ft 4 in
Displacement: 871 tons
Speed: 17.7 knots surfaced 7.6 knots submerged
Range: 8,190 nautical miles
Crew: 52
Egham & Staines Model Railway Society Exhibition
Saturday 19 January 1980
Copyright Steve Guess MMXVI
people add scale to the shot...set waves would roll smoothly through the point only to end up unleashing their fury on the beach
Col. Jahongir Nazaraliev, chief personnel directorate, Tajikistan Ministry of Defense, climbs up a rock face in the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, Calif., Nov. 19. The delegates participated in several different demonstrations to learn some of the techniques used at the training facility. (Official Marine photo by Lance Cpl. Thomas Mudd/ Released)
each one was a slightly different shade of blue/green/teal then the spikes were painted bone pearl to match his horns
My friend Carew on Facebook asked me about n scale people in regards to my post last night of putting together a n scale building under construction model that I have lots planned for. I photographed one of my n scale workers and a wheel barrow, cement mixer, etc...in looking through the people I have and realized I don't have enough n scale workers to fill out this construction project. I'm going to order a few more. I do have lots of other things though such a garbage cans, crates, dumpers but I'm leaving out the best details until I finish the model and post photos of it. I'm really excited about this project. I think it will end up being my favorite models. 😃
Dover is blessed with a long and colourful history, and in ancient times the centre of the town was filled with churches. There are still a few, but in the main street, almost forgotten about, is St Mary. An ancient tower with a small spire, blocked up Norman arches, it is tucked between shops and footpaths. Most people walk past without a second glance, but inside, it is clearly a heavily Victorianised church, but with Norman roots, and bedecked with flags, memorials and windows depicting and remembering the history f the town.
The window in memorial to the Herald of Free Enterprise can be found here. The tragedy affected many families in the town. Opposite is another fine window in memorial to the pilots who ditched in the Channel during the war.
Many of the memorials were out of reach of my camera, but I snapped what I could.
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In the heart of the town with a prominent twelfth-century tower. From the outside it is obvious that much work was carried out in the nineteenth century. The church has major connections with the Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports and is much used for ceremonial services. The western bays of the nave with their low semi-circular arches are contemporary with the tower, while the pointed arches to the east are entirely nineteenth century. The scale and choice of stone is entirely wrong, although the carving is very well done. However the east end, with its tall narrow lancet windows, is not so successful. The Royal Arms, of the reign of William and Mary, are of carved and painted wood, with a French motto - Jay Maintendray - instead of the more usual Dieu et Mon Droit. The church was badly damaged in the Second World War, but one of the survivors was the typical Norman font of square Purbeck marble construction. One of the more recent additions to the church is the Herald of Free Enterprise memorial window of 1989 designed by Frederick Cole
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Dover+1
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It is possible that the original church of St Mary’s was Saxon in origin, although there is little concrete evidence to this effect. What is certain is that the church was built on the site of a Roman structure. The tower and western part of the nave date from the 11th century. This Norman church was built between 1066, when Saxon Dover was destroyed by the Norman invaders, and 1086, when the Domesday Book lists three churches in Dover. Although not named it has been assumed that the three churches were St Mary’s, St James’ and St Peter’s.
The church is mentioned in a list of possessions of Dover Priory in 1180. In 1230 St Mary’s passed into the control of the Maison Dieu, the Master providing priests for the church until the Dissolution in 1537, when the church was closed. The townspeople petitioned Henry VIII to let them have St Mary’s as a parish church, and this was granted in 1544.
In 1581 the Mayor and Corporation moved their official place of worship from St Peter’s Church, which had fallen into disrepair, to St Mary’s. Since then the church has been associated with civic bodies, the Mayor and Corporation, the Cinque Ports Pilots of Trinity House, and the Dover Harbour Board, all have official seats in the church.
The Mayors of Dover and Members of Parliament for Dover were elected in the church from 1581 until 1826. A barrier was placed down the centre of the building to keep the rival factions apart, and often there was bloodshed and the church desecrated and made unfit for public worship.
St Mary’s present form dates from the controversial restoration carried out in 1843 by the then Vicar, Canon John Puckle. It was less restoration and more complete rebuilding. The church was enlarged, the south aisle extended to balance the north aisle, and the roof raised and clerestory windows added. During the rebuilding, original Norman piers and arches were taken down, the stones numbered and then re-erected in their new position. Only the tower escaped relatively untouched. So the church as it is seen today is mainly a Victorian construction.
St Mary’s is still very much the town’s parish church. Many of the stained glass windows, put in to replace those destroyed in World War 2, commemorate the various historic associations between the church and town.