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A British army parachute regiment paratrooper prepares to conduct a static line jump during exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
As part of a coordinated European response, a Dutch vessel, the Karel Doorman, carried vital supplies to the three worst-hit countries in West Africa: Liberia, Sierra Leone et Guinea. The ship transported 160 vehicles, 80 containers and about 1 200 tons of vital supplies and medical equipment. EC/ECHO/Jan EIJKENAAR
In January 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake hit Haiti. The capital Port-au-Prince, was heavily affected. The DHL DRT Americas started operating out of Toussaint L’ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince within 48 hours. The team, made up of 10 DHL volunteers, was the first logistics team at the airport and handled 500 tonnes of relief goods within the first week.
A Polish paratrooper conducts airborne operations at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
A U.S. Paratrooper with the 82nd Airborne Division, 1st Brigade Combat Team, packs his equipment after jumping into the drop zone at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
Indiana Adjutant General, Maj. Gen. R. Martin Umbarger speaks with the media at the Henryville, Ind., Fire Department, Saturday, March 3, 2012, after a large tornado damaged much of the town less than 24 hours prior. (Indiana National Guard photo by Sgt. John Crosby)
Eight Allied nations conduct airborne operations during exercise Swift Response at the Joint Multinational Readiness Center in Hohenfels, Germany, August 26th, 2015. The purpose of the exercise is to conduct joint and combined training events in order to evaluate brigade and battalion level execution of strategic out-load in conjunction with Allied Partner nations through an intermediate staging base. Swift Response 15 is the U.S. Armyâs largest combined airborne training event in Europe since the end of the Cold War. More than 4,800 service members from 11 NATO nations- including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States- will take part in the exercise on training areas in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, and Romania, Aug. 17- Sept. 13, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Bryan Rankin/Released)
Lunch time at Augustinho Indigenous Public School, Bororó Village, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Photo © Nile Sprague 2017
Colonel William Glaser Director of simulations for the Joint multination simulation enter, Grafenwoehr, Germany gives his opening remarks during the Opening Ceremony for Immediate Response 2015 in Postojna, Slovenia, September 09, 2015. Immediate Response is a long-standing U.S. Army Europe-led cooperative training exercise focused on peacekeeping and stability operations. More than 1,400 personnel from 9 different nations are participating in the exercise. (Photo by U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
The United States Army Garrison Italy conducted an annual full-scale exercise May 9 at Caserma Del Din, Caserma Ederle, Camp Darby and Leghorn Army Depot.
The exercise, called Lion Response 2018, brought the U.S. Army together with the Italian partners to test readiness, strengthen the ability to work together and identify the resources to react to an emergency situation and be prepared when a crisis arises.
Photo by Laura Kreider/USAG Italy PAO
Learn more about us on www.usag.italy.army.mil and www.facebook.com/VMCItaly.
A U.S. Paratrooper with the 82nd Airborne Division, 1st Brigade Combat Team, conducts airborne operations at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
A British soldier, left, and a French soldier of the Airborne Combined Joint Expeditionary Force review mission objectives while conducting airborne operations during Swift Response 16 training exercise at the Hohenfels Training Area, a part of the Joint Multinational Readiness Center, in Hohenfels, Germany, Jun. 15, 2016. Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force – currently the 82nd Airborne Division’s 1st Brigade Combat Team – to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016. (U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Malik Gibson/Released)
The Metro Transit Police Bike Rapid Response training in Fort Snelling.
Learn more about the Metro Transit Police bike team in this video:
Photo by Eric Wheeler, Metro Transit.
More than 1,000 Paratroopers from 8 NATO nations jumping in to the Hohenfels Training Area, Aug. 26, 2015 during a joint forcible entry as a part of the U.S. Army-led exercise Swift Response 15. Swift Response 15 is the U.S. Army’s largest combined airborne training event in Europe since the end of the Cold War. More than 4,800 service members from 11 NATO nations – including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States – will take part in the exercise on training areas in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Romania, Aug. 17-Sept. 13, 2015. Swift Response 15 is designed to integrate multiple Allied nations’ crisis response forces into a cohesive team and demonstrate the combined ability to rapidly deploy and operate in support of maintaining a strong and secure Europe. To learn more about Swift Response, visit the U.S. Army Europe homepage at www.eur.army.mil.
State and New Haven city officials, community organizers and immigration and human rights activists rally in support of the immigrant community in response to U.S. President Donald Trump’s Executive Order on Border Security and Immigration Enforcement, New Haven City Hall, 165 Church Street, New Haven, Connecticut, Thursday, January 26, 2017.
Text of Executive Order of January 25, 2017.
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
January 25, 2017
Executive Order: Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements
EXECUTIVE ORDER
- - - - - - -
BORDER SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT IMPROVEMENTS
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) (INA), the Secure Fence Act of 2006 (Public Law 109 367) (Secure Fence Act), and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104 208 Div. C) (IIRIRA), and in order to ensure the safety and territorial integrity of the United States as well as to ensure that the Nation's immigration laws are faithfully executed, I hereby order as follows:
Section 1. Purpose. Border security is critically important to the national security of the United States. Aliens who illegally enter the United States without inspection or admission present a significant threat to national security and public safety. Such aliens have not been identified or inspected by Federal immigration officers to determine their admissibility to the United States. The recent surge of illegal immigration at the southern border with Mexico has placed a significant strain on Federal resources and overwhelmed agencies charged with border security and immigration enforcement, as well as the local communities into which many of the aliens are placed.
Transnational criminal organizations operate sophisticated drug- and human-trafficking networks and smuggling operations on both sides of the southern border, contributing to a significant increase in violent crime and United States deaths from dangerous drugs. Among those who illegally enter are those who seek to harm Americans through acts of terror or criminal conduct. Continued illegal immigration presents a clear and present danger to the interests of the United States.
Federal immigration law both imposes the responsibility and provides the means for the Federal Government, in cooperation with border States, to secure the Nation's southern border. Although Federal immigration law provides a robust framework for Federal-State partnership in enforcing our immigration laws and the Congress has authorized and provided appropriations to secure our borders the Federal Government has failed to discharge this basic sovereign responsibility. The purpose of this order is to direct executive departments and agencies (agencies) to deploy all lawful means to secure the Nation's southern border, to prevent further illegal immigration into the United States, and to repatriate illegal aliens swiftly, consistently, and humanely.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the executive branch to:
(a) secure the southern border of the United States through the immediate construction of a physical wall on the southern border, monitored and supported by adequate personnel so as to prevent illegal immigration, drug and human trafficking, and acts of terrorism;
(b) detain individuals apprehended on suspicion of violating Federal or State law, including Federal immigration law, pending further proceedings regarding those violations;
(c) expedite determinations of apprehended individuals' claims of eligibility to remain in the United States;
(d) remove promptly those individuals whose legal claims to remain in the United States have been lawfully rejected, after any appropriate civil or criminal sanctions have been imposed; and
(e) cooperate fully with States and local law enforcement in enacting Federal-State partnerships to enforce Federal immigration priorities, as well as State monitoring and detention programs that are consistent with Federal law and do not undermine Federal immigration priorities.
Sec. 3. Definitions. (a) "Asylum officer" has the meaning given the term in section 235(b)(1)(E) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)).
(b) "Southern border" shall mean the contiguous land border between the United States and Mexico, including all points of entry.
(c) "Border States" shall mean the States of the United States immediately adjacent to the contiguous land border between the United States and Mexico.
(d) Except as otherwise noted, "the Secretary" shall refer to the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(e) "Wall" shall mean a contiguous, physical wall or other similarly secure, contiguous, and impassable physical barrier.
(f) "Executive department" shall have the meaning given in section 101 of title 5, United States Code.
(g) "Regulations" shall mean any and all Federal rules, regulations, and directives lawfully promulgated by agencies.
(h) "Operational control" shall mean the prevention of all unlawful entries into the United States, including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband.
Sec. 4. Physical Security of the Southern Border of the United States. The Secretary shall immediately take the following steps to obtain complete operational control, as determined by the Secretary, of the southern border:
(a) In accordance with existing law, including the Secure Fence Act and IIRIRA, take all appropriate steps to immediately plan, design, and construct a physical wall along the southern border, using appropriate materials and technology to most effectively achieve complete operational control of the southern border;
(b) Identify and, to the extent permitted by law, allocate all sources of Federal funds for the planning, designing, and constructing of a physical wall along the southern border;
(c) Project and develop long-term funding requirements for the wall, including preparing Congressional budget requests for the current and upcoming fiscal years; and
(d) Produce a comprehensive study of the security of the southern border, to be completed within 180 days of this order, that shall include the current state of southern border security, all geophysical and topographical aspects of the southern border, the availability of Federal and State resources necessary to achieve complete operational control of the southern border, and a strategy to obtain and maintain complete operational control of the southern border.
Sec. 5. Detention Facilities. (a) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately construct, operate, control, or establish contracts to construct, operate, or control facilities to detain aliens at or near the land border with Mexico.
(b) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately assign asylum officers to immigration detention facilities for the purpose of accepting asylum referrals and conducting credible fear determinations pursuant to section 235(b)(1) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)) and applicable regulations and reasonable fear determinations pursuant to applicable regulations.
(c) The Attorney General shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately assign immigration judges to immigration detention facilities operated or controlled by the Secretary, or operated or controlled pursuant to contract by the Secretary, for the purpose of conducting proceedings authorized under title 8, chapter 12, subchapter II, United States Code.
Sec. 6. Detention for Illegal Entry. The Secretary shall immediately take all appropriate actions to ensure the detention of aliens apprehended for violations of immigration law pending the outcome of their removal proceedings or their removal from the country to the extent permitted by law. The Secretary shall issue new policy guidance to all Department of Homeland Security personnel regarding the appropriate and consistent use of lawful detention authority under the INA, including the termination of the practice commonly known as "catch and release," whereby aliens are routinely released in the United States shortly after their apprehension for violations of immigration law.
Sec. 7. Return to Territory. The Secretary shall take appropriate action, consistent with the requirements of section 1232 of title 8, United States Code, to ensure that aliens described in section 235(b)(2)(C) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(2)(C)) are returned to the territory from which they came pending a formal removal proceeding.
Sec. 8. Additional Border Patrol Agents. Subject to available appropriations, the Secretary, through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, shall take all appropriate action to hire 5,000 additional Border Patrol agents, and all appropriate action to ensure that such agents enter on duty and are assigned to duty stations as soon as is practicable.
Sec. 9. Foreign Aid Reporting Requirements. The head of each executive department and agency shall identify and quantify all sources of direct and indirect Federal aid or assistance to the Government of Mexico on an annual basis over the past five years, including all bilateral and multilateral development aid, economic assistance, humanitarian aid, and military aid. Within 30 days of the date of this order, the head of each executive department and agency shall submit this information to the Secretary of State. Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall submit to the President a consolidated report reflecting the levels of such aid and assistance that has been provided annually, over each of the past five years.
Sec. 10. Federal-State Agreements. It is the policy of the executive branch to empower State and local law enforcement agencies across the country to perform the functions of an immigration officer in the interior of the United States to the maximum extent permitted by law.
(a) In furtherance of this policy, the Secretary shall immediately take appropriate action to engage with the Governors of the States, as well as local officials, for the purpose of preparing to enter into agreements under section 287(g) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1357(g)).
(b) To the extent permitted by law, and with the consent of State or local officials, as appropriate, the Secretary shall take appropriate action, through agreements under section 287(g) of the INA, or otherwise, to authorize State and local law enforcement officials, as the Secretary determines are qualified and appropriate, to perform the functions of immigration officers in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens in the United States under the direction and the supervision of the Secretary. Such authorization shall be in addition to, rather than in place of, Federal performance of these duties.
(c) To the extent permitted by law, the Secretary may structure each agreement under section 287(g) of the INA in the manner that provides the most effective model for enforcing Federal immigration laws and obtaining operational control over the border for that jurisdiction.
Sec. 11. Parole, Asylum, and Removal. It is the policy of the executive branch to end the abuse of parole and asylum provisions currently used to prevent the lawful removal of removable aliens.
(a) The Secretary shall immediately take all appropriate action to ensure that the parole and asylum provisions of Federal immigration law are not illegally exploited to prevent the removal of otherwise removable aliens.
(b) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action, including by promulgating any appropriate regulations, to ensure that asylum referrals and credible fear determinations pursuant to section 235(b)(1) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1125(b)(1)) and 8 CFR 208.30, and reasonable fear determinations pursuant to 8 CFR 208.31, are conducted in a manner consistent with the plain language of those provisions.
(c) Pursuant to section 235(b)(1)(A)(iii)(I) of the INA, the Secretary shall take appropriate action to apply, in his sole and unreviewable discretion, the provisions of section 235(b)(1)(A)(i) and (ii) of the INA to the aliens designated under section 235(b)(1)(A)(iii)(II).
(d) The Secretary shall take appropriate action to ensure that parole authority under section 212(d)(5) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)) is exercised only on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the plain language of the statute, and in all circumstances only when an individual demonstrates urgent humanitarian reasons or a significant public benefit derived from such parole.
(e) The Secretary shall take appropriate action to require that all Department of Homeland Security personnel are properly trained on the proper application of section 235 of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (8 U.S.C. 1232) and section 462(g)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(g)(2)), to ensure that unaccompanied alien children are properly processed, receive appropriate care and placement while in the custody of the Department of Homeland Security, and, when appropriate, are safely repatriated in accordance with law.
Sec. 12. Authorization to Enter Federal Lands. The Secretary, in conjunction with the Secretary of the Interior and any other heads of agencies as necessary, shall take all appropriate action to:
(a) permit all officers and employees of the United States, as well as all State and local officers as authorized by the Secretary, to have access to all Federal lands as necessary and appropriate to implement this order; and
(b) enable those officers and employees of the United States, as well as all State and local officers as authorized by the Secretary, to perform such actions on Federal lands as the Secretary deems necessary and appropriate to implement this order.
Sec. 13. Priority Enforcement. The Attorney General shall take all appropriate steps to establish prosecution guidelines and allocate appropriate resources to ensure that Federal prosecutors accord a high priority to prosecutions of offenses having a nexus to the southern border.
Sec. 14. Government Transparency. The Secretary shall, on a monthly basis and in a publicly available way, report statistical data on aliens apprehended at or near the southern border using a uniform method of reporting by all Department of Homeland Security components, in a format that is easily understandable by the public.
Sec. 15. Reporting. Except as otherwise provided in this order, the Secretary, within 90 days of the date of this order, and the Attorney General, within 180 days, shall each submit to the President a report on the progress of the directives contained in this order.
Sec. 16. Hiring. The Office of Personnel Management shall take appropriate action as may be necessary to facilitate hiring personnel to implement this order.
Sec. 17. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 25, 2017.
These images have been released in response to a FOIA request, case number 2014-0012-F, received by the National Archives. For more information on these images, please visit Researching Vice Presidential Materials. These photos will be available in the National Archives Catalog in July 2015.
Local Identifier: V1578-27
Created By: President (2001-2009 : Bush). Office of Management and Administration. Office of White House Management. Photography Office. 1/20/2001-1/20/2009
From: Collection: Vice Presidential Records of the Photography Office (George W. Bush Administration), 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009
Contact: Presidential Materials Division (LM)
National Archives Building
7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20408
Phone: 202-357-5200
Fax: 202-357-5939
Production Dates: 9/12/2001
Persistent URL: catalog.archives.gov/id/18542323
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
ADOT; AZDOT; Arizona Department of Transportation; Incident Response Unit; IRU; Safety; Highways; Freeways; Interstates; Crashes; Clearing Crashes
U.S. Air Force Maj. Joshua Leibel, 39th Airlift Squadron pilot, conduct pre-flight operations on a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 39th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
POSTOJNA, Slovenia - Slovenia hosted Albanian and British Soldiers for situational training exercises as part of the multi-national exercise Immediate Response 15 near Postojna, Slovenia September 13, 2015. Immediate Response 15 is a multinational, brigade-level exercise utilizing computer-assisted simulations and field training exercises spanning two countries. The exercises and simulations are built upon a scenario designed to enhance regional stability, strengthen partner capacity and improve interoperability between partner nations. Immediate Response is an annual exercise, and the fifth iteration is scheduled to run Sept. 9-22, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
Capt. Lucretia Glaspie, a jumpmaster and a company commander with Delta Troop, 3rd Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division holds an Italian rucksack as Capt. Francesco Vastante, an officer with the training and operations branch of the Folgore Airborne Brigade Headquarters clips it to her parachute harness equipment rings on August 22, 2015 at Smith Barracks in Baumholder, Germany. Paratroopers from six NATO allies - Germany, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom, Italy and Spain - joined the "Devils in Baggy Pants" of the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment for a major training exercise. The task force executes Swift Response 15, a multinational training exercise designed around a U.S. Army brigade-level multinational joint forcible entry (JFE) operation from August 15 to September 17, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Erich Backes / Released)
Paratroopers with the 1st Brigade Combat Team/82nd Airborne Division descend into the Hohenfels training area near the mock town called Ravensdorf. The mulinational airborne operation was part of Exercise Swift Response at Hohenfels, Germany, June 15, 2016. Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multinational airborne forces in the world. Their exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid response, joint forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016. (U.S. Army National Guard Photo by Sgt. Michael Giles/Released)
Col. Colin P. Tuley, commander of the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division out of Fort Bragg, North Carolina, recovers his parachute as he watches soldiers with the 1st BCT descend to the ground in a multinational airborne training event as part of the Joint Multinational Readiness Center's Exercise Swift Response at U.S. Army Garrison Hohenfels, Germany, June 15, 2016. Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multinational airborne forces in the world. Their exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid response, joint forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016. (U.S. Army National Guard Photo by Sgt. Michael Giles/Released)
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U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Thane White, 39th Airlift Squadron loadmaster, directs a humve off a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
US Army paratroopers prepare to tether Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR) to Chinook helicopter during exercise Swift Response.
Swift Response 2021 is a US Army-led multinational exercise involving more than 7,000 paratroopers from 10 NATO Allies.
All paratroopers were vaccinated against COVID-19 before arrival.
Sgt. 1st Class Wyatt G. Oscar, 1st/201st Field Artillery, West Virginia Army National Guard, helps unload bottled water at a nursing home in Lewisburg, W Va. The WVNG was in the area to assist in providing relief for Greenbrier County due to a recent storm that caused power outages in the surrounding area. [U.S. Air Force photo taken by TSgt Bryan G. Stevens]
U.S. Air Force 39th Airlift Squadron loadmasters load a humvee onto a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
A doctor trying to resuscitate a victim - at the 2018 Modex Romania, the largest medical exercise ever conducted in the framework of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.
The simulation mobilised over 1000 people and involved medical teams from Austria, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Norway, and Israel, and experts from other states participating in the Mechanism.
© 2018 European Union
More than 1,000 Paratroopers from 8 NATO nations jumping in to the Hohenfels Training Area, Aug. 26, 2015 during a joint forcible entry as a part of the U.S. Army-led exercise Swift Response 15. Swift Response 15 is the U.S. Army’s largest combined airborne training event in Europe since the end of the Cold War. More than 4,800 service members from 11 NATO nations – including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States – will take part in the exercise on training areas in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Romania, Aug. 17-Sept. 13, 2015. Swift Response 15 is designed to integrate multiple Allied nations’ crisis response forces into a cohesive team and demonstrate the combined ability to rapidly deploy and operate in support of maintaining a strong and secure Europe. To learn more about Swift Response, visit the U.S. Army Europe homepage at www.eur.army.mil.
POSTOJNA, Slovenia - Slovenia hosted Albanian and British Soldiers for situational training exercises as part of the multi-national exercise Immediate Response 15 near Postojna, Slovenia September 13, 2015. Immediate Response 15 is a multinational, brigade-level exercise utilizing computer-assisted simulations and field training exercises spanning two countries. The exercises and simulations are built upon a scenario designed to enhance regional stability, strengthen partner capacity and improve interoperability between partner nations. Immediate Response is an annual exercise, and the fifth iteration is scheduled to run Sept. 9-22, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
U.S. Air Force 39th Airlift Squadron loadmasters secure a humvee to a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
Anthony Banbury, Head of the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response and Karen Landgren, Head of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), discusses the national Ebola response with Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in Monrovia.
Photo: WHO
What would become the largest airline in the world owes its existence to the boll weevil. In response to weevil infestations of Southern cotton fields, Collett Woolman proposed using aerial cropdusting. No one had ever tried aerial spraying before, and Woolman’s Huff Daland Dusters became the world’s first cropdusting company. Huff Daland began spraying from Macon, Georgia in May 1924; a year later, it moved to Louisiana.
Eventually, Woolman raised enough money to buy Huff Daland outright, and in anticipation of expanding into airmail and passenger operations, renamed it Delta Air Service in reference to the Mississippi Delta region it would be operating from. Delta rapidly expanded its routes throughout the South, but nearly went out of business when the US government awarded airmail routes through the South to American Airlines; when it was learned that American was involved in a bribery scandal, Delta was able to get the route instead, ensuring its survival. In 1941, Delta moved its headquarters to Atlanta, which had become the central hub of its operations.
Postwar, Delta began to expand once more. It acquired Chicago and Southern Airlines in 1953, which gave Delta its first boost: before 1953, its routes were limited to the US South and its primary aircraft were war-surplus Douglas DC-3s and DC-4s. Using Chicago and Southern’s Lockheed L-049 Constellations, Delta could now fly routes through the Caribbean and into Canada.
In 1959, Delta entered the jet age by purchasing Douglas DC-8s; to represent their new aircraft, Delta changed its livery to introduce the “widget”—a stylized Greek-alphabet delta, referencing the airline name and its new swept-wing jets. The widget remains Delta’s logo to the present day. The airline went transcontinental soon thereafter, and to boost traffic on this route, became one of the launch customers of the Convair 880. Though the airline could boast a flight time between Atlanta and Los Angeles of less than three hours in the sleek 880, the airliner’s reputation as a gas hog would not keep it in Delta’s fleet for long. The last of its DC-7s were sold in 1970, making the airline all-jet.
Delta had a near stranglehold on the Southern market and extensive contacts in the Midwest, but lacked any sort of presence in the West or Northeast, and, aside from its Caribbean connections, none overseas. The airline took steps to rectify that situation: in 1972, it bought out Northeast Airlines, giving it significant routes in the Boston-New York area. To boost its transcontinental routes, Delta bought its first wide-body aircraft, Boeing 747s, in 1970, but these proved to be unprofitable and were sold; instead, Delta took on Lockheed L-1011 Tristars, and would go on to become the world’s largest operator of the L-1011 and one of the longest. Finally, in 1978, Delta was able to acquire a European route from Atlanta to London using Tristars.
Delta weathered the deregulation period of the early 1980s carefully, concentrating on its domestic routes and continuing its expansion slowly, rather than overreaching—a trend that was to lead to the demise of many of its competitors. In 1987, Western, facing bankruptcy and unable to conclude a deal with Continental, was taken over by Delta, giving the latter its long-awaited network in the American West and Pacific Northwest. It also left Delta as the largest airline in the US and allowed Delta to expand into Latin America.
Delta also began its Delta Connection service in 1987, partnering with Comair, Skywest, and Atlantic Southeast, which remained independent companies but repainted its aircraft in Delta liveries. In 1991, Delta bought a controlling interest in Pan American, with the promises to keep the latter in business. However, it was more profitable for Delta to let the legendary airline die off and take over its transatlantic routes, and by 1992, Delta was now the largest American transatlantic carrier. With the acquisition of Pan Am’s fleet, it also allowed Delta to make inroads into the Asian market.
The post-9/11 recession and the week-long grounding of US airlines hit Delta particularly hard, and it lost so much money that not even a government bailout could do more than delay further losses. The airline dropped most of its Asian routes, consolidated its fleet by retiring the aging L-1011 fleet and selling MD-11s inherited from Western, moved some business from its regional hubs to Atlanta, and cut salaries. Delta still ended up filing bankruptcy in 2005. Nonetheless, the austerity measures worked. Delta was also able to save money by refurbishing its MD-80 fleet rather than replacing them—the MD-80s were cheaper to operate than many newer airliners—and sold off some of its Delta Connection airlines or absorbed them entirely. After fending off an attempt at a buyout by US Airways, Delta emerged from bankruptcy in 2007; in celebration, the airline introduced another livery (its third in seven years) that reintroduced the widget.
It would expand still further. In 2008, it was announced that Delta and Northwest Airlines would merge, with the latter being absorbed by Delta. With a combined fleet of nearly 800 aircraft, this made Delta the largest airline in the world by fleet size, and in the top five by passengers flown annually. Today, Delta retains this title, with a worldwide network to every continent, with 300 destinations.
Delta was the launch customer for the Convair 880 in May 1960. The 880 was Convair's attempt to break into the airliner market dominated by the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8: the 880 was meant to compete by being faster than the other two aircraft. Unfortunately, it was also smaller and less fuel efficient, which airlines cared more about than speed. Only 65 880s would be produced, a failure that nearly wrecked Convair.
This 880, N8802E, was the first one to enter revenue service with Delta. It carries Delta's 1970s-1980s widget livery, with the widget repeated on the engine covers. N8802E served with Delta from 1960 to 1973, when it was sold off. After serving with several third-tier carriers, the aircraft was lost in a ground fire at Mexico City in 1983.
This toy was found at the bottom of a box when my family moved to a different house. Bary Poletto had received it as a gift at some point; it was still in its original box. I put it in the Collection as one of only two Convair 880s on display.
The Rt. Rev. Emmanuel Murye, Bishop of the Diocese of Kajo – Keji, South Sudan, talks to South Sudanese refugees in Uganda during a road drive campaign with LWF. These road drives are used to sensitize refugees on COVID – 19 in the camps and settlements, to avoid mass gatherings. Photo: K. Logi / LWF
British army parachute regiment paratroopers prepare to conduct a static line jump during exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
A U.S. Army 173rd Airborne Brigade jumpmaster prepares British army parachute regiment paratroopers to conduct a static line jump during exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
U.S. Air Force Airman 1st Class Nick Peters, 39th Airlift Squadron loadmaster, secures a humvee to a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
A U.S. Army 173rd Airborne Brigade soldier prepares to drive a humvee off a U.S. Air Force C-130J Hercules, during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
ADOT; AZDOT; Arizona Department of Transportation; Incident Response Unit; IRU; Safety; Highways; Freeways; Interstates; Crashes; Clearing Crashes
U.S. Air Force Airman Richard Quade III, 39th Airlift Squadron loadmaster, flies on a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 317th Airlift Group support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
U.S. Air Force Airman 1st Class Nick Peters, 39th Airlift Squadron loadmaster, prepares to lower the ramp of a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
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A dust storm of glacial sediments blew off the Alaskan coast on November 1, 2006, almost exactly one year after a more intense dust storm blew out of the same spot: the Copper River Valley. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying onboard the Aqua satellite took this picture on November 1. The dust appears as a translucent beige plume in this image, creating swirls over the ocean that vaguely mimic the shapes of nearby clouds.
Dust storms usually call to mind visions of hot, sandy deserts, but storms can also form at high latitudes. Over time, the movement of glaciers grinds the rocks below them to fine silt, also known as loess. Glacial sediments can even form dunes along Alaskan river valleys. Chinook winds, sometimes called foehn winds, push the glacial sediment toward the sea. These intense, warm winds blow down mountain valleys, often taking the glacial silt with them. Because their primary movement is downward rather than lateral, these downslope winds can actually change direction with the mountain valleys they travel. A close look at this picture shows the dust storm turning corners, following the Copper River Valley on its way to the sea.