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GX53SVC GF141 Sussex Police Mitsubishi Shogun Armed Response Vehicle used by the Gatwick Airport Division
French paratroopers conduct airborne operations at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
Explosives and Fire Investigation
National Response Team
POSTOJNA, Slovenia - Slovenia hosted Albanian and British Soldiers for situational training exercises as part of the multi-national exercise Immediate Response 15 near Postojna, Slovenia September 13, 2015. Immediate Response 15 is a multinational, brigade-level exercise utilizing computer-assisted simulations and field training exercises spanning two countries. The exercises and simulations are built upon a scenario designed to enhance regional stability, strengthen partner capacity and improve interoperability between partner nations. Immediate Response is an annual exercise, and the fifth iteration is scheduled to run Sept. 9-22, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
01 September, 2017, Somali Region, Ethiopia - IFAD/WB supported Pastoral Community Development Programme (PCDP III) – Human and Animal Health Post.
The heads of the three UN food agencies are visiting Ethiopia to highlight the critical food and nutrition security situation. Consecutive climate shocks have resulted in back-to-back droughts, which have caused hunger to soar and malnutrition rates to rise to alarming levels. The agency chiefs will discuss how best to strengthen their support to the Government and its systems so that Ethiopia can continue meeting its development goals while simultaneously addressing humanitarian challenges along the way. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Director-General José Graziano da Silva, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) President Gilbert F. Houngbo and the World Food Programme (WFP) Executive Director David Beasley are in Ethiopia from 1-4 September.In the worst-affected parts of the country, in the south and south-east, rains have failed for the third consecutive year. More than 8.5 million people require food assistance in the second half of 2017. The response led by the Government has begun to stabilize the situation, however additional efforts and support is urgently needed to prevent the situation deteriorating further.The agency heads will witness first-hand the scale of the crisis during a field mission to Somali region where the drought has killed many heads of livestock, causing a breakdown in pastoral livelihoods and a jump in malnutrition.The trio will meet drought-affected people who are receiving food rations, visit nutrition centres treating malnourished children and see distributions of essential support to keep the remaining livestock alive.The current food security and nutrition crisis cannot be resolved by emergency assistance alone. The longer-term solution lies in building communitiesâ resilience to better withstand shocks and avoid being plunged back into crisis. In Tigray region, the agency chiefs will see the dividends of investing in resilience. They will visit communities where the agencies' complementary projects have boosted productivity, strengthened livelihoods and improved nutrition. In Addis Ababa, the three representatives will hold high-level discussions with Government representatives, and UN and other partner organizations, on the life-saving response and the need for greater collaboration and investment in resilience.
Photo: FAO/IFAD/WFP/Michael Tewelde. Editorial use only. Photo credit must be given.
Soldiers in high-water military vehicles from the Florida National Guard's 144th Transportation Company prepare to assist civilian first responders near Santa Rosa Beach, Fla., April 30, 2014. More than 50 Florida Army National Guard Soldiers responded with high-water military vehicles to assist civilian first responders during flooding in Florida's panhandle. Photo by Master Sgt. Thomas Kielbasa
These images have been released in response to a FOIA request, case number 2014-0012-F, received by the National Archives. For more information on these images, please visit Researching Vice Presidential Materials. These photos will be available in the National Archives Catalog in July 2015.
Local Identifier: V050406DB-0241
Created By: President (2001-2009 : Bush). Office of Management and Administration. Office of White House Management. Photography Office. 1/20/2001-1/20/2009
From: Collection: Vice Presidential Records of the Photography Office (George W. Bush Administration), 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009
Contact: Presidential Materials Division (LM)
National Archives Building
7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20408
Phone: 202-357-5200
Fax: 202-357-5939
Production Dates: 5/4/2006
Persistent URL: catalog.archives.gov/id/18552872
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
POSTOJNA, Slovenia - Slovenia hosted Albanian and British Soldiers for situational training exercises as part of the multi-national exercise Immediate Response 15 near Postojna, Slovenia September 13, 2015. Immediate Response 15 is a multinational, brigade-level exercise utilizing computer-assisted simulations and field training exercises spanning two countries. The exercises and simulations are built upon a scenario designed to enhance regional stability, strengthen partner capacity and improve interoperability between partner nations. Immediate Response is an annual exercise, and the fifth iteration is scheduled to run Sept. 9-22, 2015. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
A British army parachute regiment paratrooper prepares to conduct a static line jump during exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
In January 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake hit Haiti. The capital Port-au-Prince, was heavily affected. The DHL DRT Americas started operating out of Toussaint L’ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince within 48 hours. The team, made up of 10 DHL volunteers, was the first logistics team at the airport and handled 500 tonnes of relief goods within the first week.
U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Tiffany Gordon, a broadcaster assigned to American Forces Network Europe, prepares her camera for an interview Dec. 4, 2010, at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, covering the U.S. response to wildfires near Haifa, Israel. U.S. Air Forces in Europe began airlifting 20 tons of fire retardant in a joint effort with U.S. European Command to provide humanitarian assistance to Israel. USEUCOM started the mission at the request of the Israeli government to help control and extinguish the wildfires. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Benjamin Wilson)
A Polish paratrooper conducts airborne operations at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
Willing Participant (willingparticipant.org) whips up urgent poetic responses to crazy shit that happens. On the night of Wednesday, July 17, about 20 participants met with us to consider the death of Trayvon Martin. From that meeting, we decided to create a response inviting the public to show greater respect for the lives of young black men.
So, on Tuesday July 23rd at 10:15pm in Times Square, a group of thirty participants joined together in making a 30 minute, slow-moving sculpture by morphing our bodies into various versions of the hoodied self.
Ringleaders: Todd Shalom, Niegel Smith and Ben Weber
Participants: Jocelyn Bioh, Danielle Davenport, Nicolette Dixon, Shannon Eaves, Chanelle Elaine, Teresa Eyring, Davey Field, Yohanna Florentino, Melanie Gerald, Birgit Huppuch, Katie Jacobs, Tiffany Jewel. Cookie Jordan, Leo Klim, George Maracineanu, Andrea-Rachel Parker, Caroline Podraza, Soroya Pognon, Barbara Rogers, Anahita Sarabhai, Riti Sachdeva, August Schulenburg, Yona Silverman, Channie Waites, Pernell Walker, Sasha Weiss, Michael Wilson
Photo by Leo Klim
Crowley's tug 'Response' passing the house today on tanker escort duties.
Wind:NW42, Temp:34F, forecast calls for snow. It's great to be home!
Spc. Amanuel Gebre (right), 1229th Transportation Company, removes an empty pallet from a medium tactical vehicle in Edgemere, Maryland, on May 14, 2020. The Soldiers will transport the medical equipment and supplies to facilities in Olney, Clinton, and Hagerstown. Maryland National Guard Soldiers and Airmen have been activated to support Maryland’s response to COVID-19 utilizing capabilities such as medical augmentation, transportation support, and more. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Sgt. Elizabeth Scott)
Members from the 341st Security Forces Group Tactical Response Force rappel during a training exercise Dec. 10 at Malmstrom Air Force Base. TRF members begin their training as assaulters and go on to acquire one of two additional skill sets in the fields of breaching systems or nuclear advanced designated marksmen, commonly referred to as snipers. (U.S. Air Force photo/2nd Lt. Annabel Monroe)
Lunch time at Augustinho Indigenous Public School, Bororó Village, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Photo © Nile Sprague 2017
Colonel William Glaser Director of simulations for the Joint multination simulation enter, Grafenwoehr, Germany gives his opening remarks during the Opening Ceremony for Immediate Response 2015 in Postojna, Slovenia, September 09, 2015. Immediate Response is a long-standing U.S. Army Europe-led cooperative training exercise focused on peacekeeping and stability operations. More than 1,400 personnel from 9 different nations are participating in the exercise. (Photo by U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten)
A U.S. Paratrooper with the 82nd Airborne Division, 1st Brigade Combat Team, conducts airborne operations at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, during Exercise Swift Response 16, June 15, 2016.
Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force - currently the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team - to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016.
(U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/released)
Io Aircraft - www.ioaircraft.com
Drew Blair
www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/
io aircraft, phantom express, phantom works, boeing phantom works, lockheed skunk works, hypersonic weapon, hypersonic missile, scramjet missile, scramjet engineering, scramjet physics, boost glide, tactical glide vehicle, Boeing XS-1, htv, Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon, (ARRW), hypersonic tactical vehicle, hypersonic plane, hypersonic aircraft, space plane, scramjet, turbine based combined cycle, ramjet, dual mode ramjet, darpa, onr, navair, afrl, air force research lab, defense science, missile defense agency, aerospike,
Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft
Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.
Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.
*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.
What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)
To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5
However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.
Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation
Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.
Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes
For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.
Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources
Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.
Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.
As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.
As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).
Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction
Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.
Improved Bow Shock Interaction
Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.
6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance
To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.
*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope
Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling
With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.
Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition
Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.
Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities
Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.
Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)
To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.
A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.
A British soldier, left, and a French soldier of the Airborne Combined Joint Expeditionary Force review mission objectives while conducting airborne operations during Swift Response 16 training exercise at the Hohenfels Training Area, a part of the Joint Multinational Readiness Center, in Hohenfels, Germany, Jun. 15, 2016. Exercise Swift Response is one of the premier military crisis response training events for multi-national airborne forces in the world. The exercise is designed to enhance the readiness of the combat core of the U.S. Global Response Force – currently the 82nd Airborne Division’s 1st Brigade Combat Team – to conduct rapid-response, joint-forcible entry and follow-on operations alongside Allied high-readiness forces in Europe. Swift Response 16 includes more than 5,000 Soldiers and Airmen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States and takes place in Poland and Germany, May 27-June 26, 2016. (U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Malik Gibson/Released)
U.S. Army Maj. Mychajlo Eliaszewskyj, 82nd Airborne Division, conducts an after-action review with U.S. and British paratroopers after a combined live-fire exercise on the Grafenwoehr Training Area (Germany) during exercise Swift Response 15, Sept. 2, 2015. Swift Response 15 is the U.S. Army’s largest combined airborne training event in Europe since the end of the Cold War. More than 4,800 service members from 11 NATO nations – including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States – will take part in the exercise on training areas in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Romania, Aug. 17-Sept. 13, 2015. Swift Response 15 is designed to integrate multiple Allied nations’ crisis response forces into a cohesive team and demonstrate the combined ability to rapidly deploy and operate in support of maintaining a strong and secure Europe. To learn more about Swift Response, visit the U.S. Army Europe homepage at www.eur.army.mil.
More than 1,000 Paratroopers from 8 NATO nations jumping in to the Hohenfels Training Area, Aug. 26, 2015 during a joint forcible entry as a part of the U.S. Army-led exercise Swift Response 15. Swift Response 15 is the U.S. Army’s largest combined airborne training event in Europe since the end of the Cold War. More than 4,800 service members from 11 NATO nations – including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States – will take part in the exercise on training areas in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Romania, Aug. 17-Sept. 13, 2015. Swift Response 15 is designed to integrate multiple Allied nations’ crisis response forces into a cohesive team and demonstrate the combined ability to rapidly deploy and operate in support of maintaining a strong and secure Europe. To learn more about Swift Response, visit the U.S. Army Europe homepage at www.eur.army.mil.
State and New Haven city officials, community organizers and immigration and human rights activists rally in support of the immigrant community in response to U.S. President Donald Trump’s Executive Order on Border Security and Immigration Enforcement, New Haven City Hall, 165 Church Street, New Haven, Connecticut, Thursday, January 26, 2017.
Text of Executive Order of January 25, 2017.
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
January 25, 2017
Executive Order: Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements
EXECUTIVE ORDER
- - - - - - -
BORDER SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT IMPROVEMENTS
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) (INA), the Secure Fence Act of 2006 (Public Law 109 367) (Secure Fence Act), and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104 208 Div. C) (IIRIRA), and in order to ensure the safety and territorial integrity of the United States as well as to ensure that the Nation's immigration laws are faithfully executed, I hereby order as follows:
Section 1. Purpose. Border security is critically important to the national security of the United States. Aliens who illegally enter the United States without inspection or admission present a significant threat to national security and public safety. Such aliens have not been identified or inspected by Federal immigration officers to determine their admissibility to the United States. The recent surge of illegal immigration at the southern border with Mexico has placed a significant strain on Federal resources and overwhelmed agencies charged with border security and immigration enforcement, as well as the local communities into which many of the aliens are placed.
Transnational criminal organizations operate sophisticated drug- and human-trafficking networks and smuggling operations on both sides of the southern border, contributing to a significant increase in violent crime and United States deaths from dangerous drugs. Among those who illegally enter are those who seek to harm Americans through acts of terror or criminal conduct. Continued illegal immigration presents a clear and present danger to the interests of the United States.
Federal immigration law both imposes the responsibility and provides the means for the Federal Government, in cooperation with border States, to secure the Nation's southern border. Although Federal immigration law provides a robust framework for Federal-State partnership in enforcing our immigration laws and the Congress has authorized and provided appropriations to secure our borders the Federal Government has failed to discharge this basic sovereign responsibility. The purpose of this order is to direct executive departments and agencies (agencies) to deploy all lawful means to secure the Nation's southern border, to prevent further illegal immigration into the United States, and to repatriate illegal aliens swiftly, consistently, and humanely.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the executive branch to:
(a) secure the southern border of the United States through the immediate construction of a physical wall on the southern border, monitored and supported by adequate personnel so as to prevent illegal immigration, drug and human trafficking, and acts of terrorism;
(b) detain individuals apprehended on suspicion of violating Federal or State law, including Federal immigration law, pending further proceedings regarding those violations;
(c) expedite determinations of apprehended individuals' claims of eligibility to remain in the United States;
(d) remove promptly those individuals whose legal claims to remain in the United States have been lawfully rejected, after any appropriate civil or criminal sanctions have been imposed; and
(e) cooperate fully with States and local law enforcement in enacting Federal-State partnerships to enforce Federal immigration priorities, as well as State monitoring and detention programs that are consistent with Federal law and do not undermine Federal immigration priorities.
Sec. 3. Definitions. (a) "Asylum officer" has the meaning given the term in section 235(b)(1)(E) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)).
(b) "Southern border" shall mean the contiguous land border between the United States and Mexico, including all points of entry.
(c) "Border States" shall mean the States of the United States immediately adjacent to the contiguous land border between the United States and Mexico.
(d) Except as otherwise noted, "the Secretary" shall refer to the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(e) "Wall" shall mean a contiguous, physical wall or other similarly secure, contiguous, and impassable physical barrier.
(f) "Executive department" shall have the meaning given in section 101 of title 5, United States Code.
(g) "Regulations" shall mean any and all Federal rules, regulations, and directives lawfully promulgated by agencies.
(h) "Operational control" shall mean the prevention of all unlawful entries into the United States, including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband.
Sec. 4. Physical Security of the Southern Border of the United States. The Secretary shall immediately take the following steps to obtain complete operational control, as determined by the Secretary, of the southern border:
(a) In accordance with existing law, including the Secure Fence Act and IIRIRA, take all appropriate steps to immediately plan, design, and construct a physical wall along the southern border, using appropriate materials and technology to most effectively achieve complete operational control of the southern border;
(b) Identify and, to the extent permitted by law, allocate all sources of Federal funds for the planning, designing, and constructing of a physical wall along the southern border;
(c) Project and develop long-term funding requirements for the wall, including preparing Congressional budget requests for the current and upcoming fiscal years; and
(d) Produce a comprehensive study of the security of the southern border, to be completed within 180 days of this order, that shall include the current state of southern border security, all geophysical and topographical aspects of the southern border, the availability of Federal and State resources necessary to achieve complete operational control of the southern border, and a strategy to obtain and maintain complete operational control of the southern border.
Sec. 5. Detention Facilities. (a) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately construct, operate, control, or establish contracts to construct, operate, or control facilities to detain aliens at or near the land border with Mexico.
(b) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately assign asylum officers to immigration detention facilities for the purpose of accepting asylum referrals and conducting credible fear determinations pursuant to section 235(b)(1) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)) and applicable regulations and reasonable fear determinations pursuant to applicable regulations.
(c) The Attorney General shall take all appropriate action and allocate all legally available resources to immediately assign immigration judges to immigration detention facilities operated or controlled by the Secretary, or operated or controlled pursuant to contract by the Secretary, for the purpose of conducting proceedings authorized under title 8, chapter 12, subchapter II, United States Code.
Sec. 6. Detention for Illegal Entry. The Secretary shall immediately take all appropriate actions to ensure the detention of aliens apprehended for violations of immigration law pending the outcome of their removal proceedings or their removal from the country to the extent permitted by law. The Secretary shall issue new policy guidance to all Department of Homeland Security personnel regarding the appropriate and consistent use of lawful detention authority under the INA, including the termination of the practice commonly known as "catch and release," whereby aliens are routinely released in the United States shortly after their apprehension for violations of immigration law.
Sec. 7. Return to Territory. The Secretary shall take appropriate action, consistent with the requirements of section 1232 of title 8, United States Code, to ensure that aliens described in section 235(b)(2)(C) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(2)(C)) are returned to the territory from which they came pending a formal removal proceeding.
Sec. 8. Additional Border Patrol Agents. Subject to available appropriations, the Secretary, through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, shall take all appropriate action to hire 5,000 additional Border Patrol agents, and all appropriate action to ensure that such agents enter on duty and are assigned to duty stations as soon as is practicable.
Sec. 9. Foreign Aid Reporting Requirements. The head of each executive department and agency shall identify and quantify all sources of direct and indirect Federal aid or assistance to the Government of Mexico on an annual basis over the past five years, including all bilateral and multilateral development aid, economic assistance, humanitarian aid, and military aid. Within 30 days of the date of this order, the head of each executive department and agency shall submit this information to the Secretary of State. Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall submit to the President a consolidated report reflecting the levels of such aid and assistance that has been provided annually, over each of the past five years.
Sec. 10. Federal-State Agreements. It is the policy of the executive branch to empower State and local law enforcement agencies across the country to perform the functions of an immigration officer in the interior of the United States to the maximum extent permitted by law.
(a) In furtherance of this policy, the Secretary shall immediately take appropriate action to engage with the Governors of the States, as well as local officials, for the purpose of preparing to enter into agreements under section 287(g) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1357(g)).
(b) To the extent permitted by law, and with the consent of State or local officials, as appropriate, the Secretary shall take appropriate action, through agreements under section 287(g) of the INA, or otherwise, to authorize State and local law enforcement officials, as the Secretary determines are qualified and appropriate, to perform the functions of immigration officers in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens in the United States under the direction and the supervision of the Secretary. Such authorization shall be in addition to, rather than in place of, Federal performance of these duties.
(c) To the extent permitted by law, the Secretary may structure each agreement under section 287(g) of the INA in the manner that provides the most effective model for enforcing Federal immigration laws and obtaining operational control over the border for that jurisdiction.
Sec. 11. Parole, Asylum, and Removal. It is the policy of the executive branch to end the abuse of parole and asylum provisions currently used to prevent the lawful removal of removable aliens.
(a) The Secretary shall immediately take all appropriate action to ensure that the parole and asylum provisions of Federal immigration law are not illegally exploited to prevent the removal of otherwise removable aliens.
(b) The Secretary shall take all appropriate action, including by promulgating any appropriate regulations, to ensure that asylum referrals and credible fear determinations pursuant to section 235(b)(1) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1125(b)(1)) and 8 CFR 208.30, and reasonable fear determinations pursuant to 8 CFR 208.31, are conducted in a manner consistent with the plain language of those provisions.
(c) Pursuant to section 235(b)(1)(A)(iii)(I) of the INA, the Secretary shall take appropriate action to apply, in his sole and unreviewable discretion, the provisions of section 235(b)(1)(A)(i) and (ii) of the INA to the aliens designated under section 235(b)(1)(A)(iii)(II).
(d) The Secretary shall take appropriate action to ensure that parole authority under section 212(d)(5) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)) is exercised only on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the plain language of the statute, and in all circumstances only when an individual demonstrates urgent humanitarian reasons or a significant public benefit derived from such parole.
(e) The Secretary shall take appropriate action to require that all Department of Homeland Security personnel are properly trained on the proper application of section 235 of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (8 U.S.C. 1232) and section 462(g)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(g)(2)), to ensure that unaccompanied alien children are properly processed, receive appropriate care and placement while in the custody of the Department of Homeland Security, and, when appropriate, are safely repatriated in accordance with law.
Sec. 12. Authorization to Enter Federal Lands. The Secretary, in conjunction with the Secretary of the Interior and any other heads of agencies as necessary, shall take all appropriate action to:
(a) permit all officers and employees of the United States, as well as all State and local officers as authorized by the Secretary, to have access to all Federal lands as necessary and appropriate to implement this order; and
(b) enable those officers and employees of the United States, as well as all State and local officers as authorized by the Secretary, to perform such actions on Federal lands as the Secretary deems necessary and appropriate to implement this order.
Sec. 13. Priority Enforcement. The Attorney General shall take all appropriate steps to establish prosecution guidelines and allocate appropriate resources to ensure that Federal prosecutors accord a high priority to prosecutions of offenses having a nexus to the southern border.
Sec. 14. Government Transparency. The Secretary shall, on a monthly basis and in a publicly available way, report statistical data on aliens apprehended at or near the southern border using a uniform method of reporting by all Department of Homeland Security components, in a format that is easily understandable by the public.
Sec. 15. Reporting. Except as otherwise provided in this order, the Secretary, within 90 days of the date of this order, and the Attorney General, within 180 days, shall each submit to the President a report on the progress of the directives contained in this order.
Sec. 16. Hiring. The Office of Personnel Management shall take appropriate action as may be necessary to facilitate hiring personnel to implement this order.
Sec. 17. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 25, 2017.
Coast Guard Cutters William Trump (WPC-1111) and Robert Yered (WPC-1104) are moored side by side, along with multiple other Sector Miami and Sector Key West cutters in Key West, Florida Monday, Sept. 2, 2019 in preparation for Hurricane Dorian response efforts in the Caribbean and Bahamas areas. Multiple Coast Guard units throughout the Coast Guard 7th District area have prestaged in key locations to be able to provide rapid and relevant response efforts to those areas effected by Hurricane Dorian. U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Jonathan Lally
ADOT; AZDOT; Arizona Department of Transportation; Incident Response Unit; IRU; Safety; Highways; Freeways; Interstates; Crashes; Clearing Crashes
POSTOJNA, Slovenia - More than 1400 participants, including U.S. Service Members, took part in two opening ceremonies held for the multinational exercise Immediate Response 15. The ceremonies took place in Postojna, Slovenia and one in Slunj, Croatia, on September 9, 2015. Immediate Response 15 is an annual exercise designed to provide opportunities to plan and synchronize missions and responsibilities among allied and partnered nations to enhance combat readiness and compatibility in the current operational environment. This year’s participants include contingents from Slovenia, Croatia, The United States, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and United Kingdom. (U.S. Army Photo by SGT. 1st Class Walter E. van Ochten 118th MPAD TARNG).
U.S. Soldiers of the 54th Brigade Engineer Battalion and Italian soldiers of the 5th Battalion, 186th Paratroopers Regiment "Folgore" discuss mission objectives while conducting a leader’s reconnaissance during exercise Swift Response 17 at the U.S. Army’s Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) in Hohenfels, Germany, Oct. 12, 2017. Swift Response 17, Phase II is an annual, U.S. Army Europe-led exercise focused on allied airborne forces’ ability to quickly and effectively respond to crisis situations as an interoperable multi-national team. The exercise takes place at the JMRC in Hohenfels, Germany, Oct. 2-20, 2017 and includes approximately 7,000 participants from 10 NATO nations. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Nathaniel Nichols)
GULF OF MEXICO - Skimming operations continue to help mitigate the effects of the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil spill Friday, June 25, 2010. Aerial overflights of the oil spill response are conducted daily to assess the situation. U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Jaclyn Young.
The United States Army Garrison Italy conducted a routine annual full-scale exercise Lion Response 2017 on Caserma Ederle May 10.
This year’s exercise tested the cooperation of Italian and American security forces and emergency Italian and U.S. personnel to react to an emergency situation, which included a terrorist attack and a mass casualty situation on Caserma Ederle and a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device at Camp Darby in Livorno.
Photo by Laura Kreider/USAG Italy PAO
Learn more about us on www.usag.italy.army.mil and www.facebook.com/VMCItaly.
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U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Thane White, 39th Airlift Squadron loadmaster, directs a humve off a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
US Army paratroopers prepare to tether Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR) to Chinook helicopter during exercise Swift Response.
Swift Response 2021 is a US Army-led multinational exercise involving more than 7,000 paratroopers from 10 NATO Allies.
All paratroopers were vaccinated against COVID-19 before arrival.
EU Civil Protection Team helps coordinate the delivery of assistance sent by Greece to Albania in response to earthquake and flash floods that hit the country in September 2019.
©2019 European Union
Sgt. 1st Class Wyatt G. Oscar, 1st/201st Field Artillery, West Virginia Army National Guard, helps unload bottled water at a nursing home in Lewisburg, W Va. The WVNG was in the area to assist in providing relief for Greenbrier County due to a recent storm that caused power outages in the surrounding area. [U.S. Air Force photo taken by TSgt Bryan G. Stevens]
John Wallace and Chris Lewzader, a biotech at Wheeler NWR, watch crews clear a field. Photo by USFWS.
U.S. Air Force 39th Airlift Squadron loadmasters load a humvee onto a C-130J Hercules during exercise Swift Response 16, June 8, 2016 at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Swift Response is a joint, multinational-exercise designed to train the U.S. Global Response Force alongside high-readiness forces from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The men and women of the 40th AS support theater commanders' requirements with combat-delivery capability through tactical airland and airdrop operations as well as humanitarian efforts and aeromedical evacuation. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss/Released)
U.S. Army Major James Armstrong an observer control officer from the Joint Multinational Readiness Center, Hohenfells, Germany, briefs the Croatian Land Forces Commander Lt. Gen. Mate Ostovic and other distinguished visitors about the ongoing training at Exercise Immediate Response 15. Immediate Response 15 is a multinational, brigade-level exercise utilizing computer-assisted simulations and field training exercises in Croatia and Slovenia. The exercises and simulations are built upon a scenario designed to enhance regional stability, strengthen partner capacity and improve interoperability between partner nations. The exercise will run Sept. 9-22, 2015, and will include more than 1,400 soldiers from Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the U.S. and the United Kingdom. Immediate Response 15 supports the goal of a “Strong Europe” in that partner nations are trained and ready to combine forces to ensure unified security across allied nations. Immediate Response is a preplanned exercise that has occurred annually for the past five years.
Photo by: U.S. Army Photo (Mr. Tony Sweeney)