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I haven't showed my tattoo off in a while. Figured it was time. I also wanted to test out my idea for one of my upcoming photos...
I'm doing the seven deadly sins starting on Sunday, and my lust idea is very similar to this.
"My sculpture professor asked me to be a part of his installation for the mamac.
In the begining i was a little worried about the aesthetic part.... i mean yes , its art, but avant garde can be somewhat surprising at times...
Then i saw the outfit ...nothing to fear about, so i accepted.Gladly i would say...
Now... after seventytwo hours thirtyfive minutes hanging immobilised from this d@mn piece of dead flora, i wouldn"t describe myself as glad anymore...."
8x10 VDB from 4x5 HP5 neg scanned and scaled. Printed on strathmore cold press watercolor paper and rejected by my wife as too dark for the bathroom wall. And rejected by me as too dark in general.
The fearless leader rejects the tyranny of the mask. Oct. 2020
No comments allowed as I've heard all the Trump excusers I can tolerate.
"Accidents don't occur through repeated attacks by surface vessels and aircraft. It obviously was a decision made pretty high up on the Israeli side, because it involved combined forces. The ship was flying an American flag. My judgment was that somewhere along the line some fairly senior official gave the go ahead. I personally did not accept the Israeli explanation."
-- US Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
"...the board of inquiry (concluded) that the Israelis knew exactly what they were doing in attacking the Liberty."
-- CIA Director Richard Helms in his book A Look Over my Shoulder
"It was no accident."
-- CIA Director Richard Helms in interview for Navy Times, 6/26/2002.
That the attack was deliberate "just wasn't a disputed issue" within the National Security Agency
-- Former NSA Director retired Army Lieutenant General William Odom on 3 March 2003 in an interview for Naval Institute Proceedings
Former NSA/CIA Director Admiral Bobby Inman "flatly rejected" the Cristol/Israeli claims that the attack was an accident
-- 5 March 2003 interview for Naval Institute Proceedings
"I have never believed that the attack on the USS Liberty was a case of mistaken identity. That is ridiculous. Israel knew perfectly well that the ship was American."
-- Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, former Chief of Naval Operations and later Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff writing for Americans for Middle East Understanding, June 8, 1997
"To suggest that they [the IDF] couldn't identify the ship is ... ridiculous. ... Anybody who could not identify the Liberty could not tell the difference between the White House and the Washington Monument."
-- Admiral Thomas Moorer, Chief of Naval Operations and later Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, quoted in The Washington Post, June 15, 1991, p. 14
Of four former NSA/CIA seniors with inside knowledge, none was aware of any agency official who dissented from the position that the attack was deliberate
-- David Walsh, writing in Naval Institute Proceedings
"That the Liberty could have been mistaken for the Egyptian supply ship El Quseir is unbelievable"
-- Special Assistant to the President Clark Clifford, in his report to President Lyndon Johnson
"Inconceivable that it was an accident. 3 strafing passes, 3 torpedo boats. Set forth facts. Punish Israelis responsible"
-- Clark Clifford, Secretary of Defense under Lyndon Johnson, in Minutes of NSC Special Committee Meeting, 9 June 1967
"A nice whitewash for a group of ignorant, stupid and inept [expletive deleted]."
-- Handwritten note of August 26, 1967, by NSA Deputy Director Louis W. Tordella reacting to the Israeli court decision exonerating Israelis of blame for the Liberty attack. Dr. Tordella expressed the view that the attack was deliberate and that the Israeli government attempted to cover it up to authors James Ennes and James Bamford and to Congressman George Mahon (D-Texas), and in an internal memorandum for the record. He noted "a nice whitewash for a group of ignorant, stupid and inept (redacted)" in the margin of the official Israeli excuse for the attack as noted in the NSA Gerhard report 1982)
"The attack was clearly deliberate."
-- General Marshall Carter, former director, National Security Agency, in a telephone interview with James Ennes
"My immediate reaction was it was not an accident. It had to be a deliberate attack."
-- Lucius Battle, in BBC Documentary "Dead in the Water".
"....did not buy the Israeli 'mistake' explanations either. Nobody believes that explanation." When informed by author Bamford of gruesome war crime (killing of large numbers of POWs) at nearby El Arish, Morrison saw the connection. "That would be enough," he said. "They wouldn't want us in on that. You've got the motive. What a hell of a thing to do."
-- Major General John Morrison, US Air Force, Deputy Chief NSA Operations during the attack and later Chief of NSA Operations as reported in Body of Secrets by James Bamford, p233.
"I can tell you for an absolute certainty (from intercepted communications) that they knew they were attacking an American ship."
-- Oliver Kirby, former deputy director for operations/production, National Security Agency. Kirby participated in NSA's investigation of the attack and reviewed translations of intercepted communications between pilots and their headquarters which he reports show conclusively that they knew their target was an American ship.
On the strength of intercept transcripts of pilots' conversations during the attack, the question of the attack's deliberateness "just wasn't a disputed issue" within the agency.
-- Lieutenant General William E. Odom, former director, National Security Agency, interview with David Walsh on March 3, 2003, reported in Naval Institute Proceedings, June, 2003
Inman said he "flatly rejected" the Cristol thesis that the attack was an accident. "It is just exceedingly difficult to believe that [USS Liberty] was not correctly identified" based on his talks with NSA seniors at the time having direct knowledge of intercepted communications. No NSA official could be found who dissented from the "deliberate" conclusion.
-- Admiral Bobby Ray Inman, USN, Director National Security Agency 1977-1981, reported in Proceedings, June, 2003
"I found it hard to believe that it was, in fact, an honest mistake on the part of the Israeli air force units. I still find it impossible to believe that it was."
-- Paul C. Warnke, Undersecretary of the Navy and later general legal counsel to the Department of Defense.
"In many years, I have wanted to believe that the attack on the Liberty was pure error. It appears to me that it was not a pure case of mistaken identity. . . . I think it is about time that the State of Israel and the United States government provide the crew members of the Liberty, and the rest of the American people, the facts of what happened and why it came about that the Liberty was attacked 30 years ago today." Later, McGonagle remarked, "USS Liberty is the only US Navy ship attacked by a foreign nation, involving large loss of life...that has never been accorded a full Congressional hearing."
-- Captain William L. McGonagle, Commanding Officer, USS Liberty, speaking at Arlington National Cemetery June 8, 1997.
"The Israelis told us 24 hours before that ...if we didn't move it, they would sink it. Unfortunately, the ship was not moved, and by the time the message arrived the ship was taking on water."
-- John Stenbit, Assistant Secretary of Defense for C3Im in an address to the AFEI/NDAI Conference for Net Centric Operations, Wednesday, April 16, 2003
Walter Deeley, NSA department head, conducted still-classified investigation of the attack and remarked later in telephone interview that he regards the attack as deliberate.
-- NSA Department Head Walter Deeley
"The highest officials of the [Johnson] administration, including the President, believed it 'inconceivable' that Israel's 'skilled' defense forces could have committed such a gross error."
-- Lyndon Johnson's biographer Robert Dallek in Flawed Giant, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 430-31
Never before in the history of the United States Navy has a Navy Board of Inquiry ignored the testimony of American military eyewitnesses and taken, on faith, the word of their attackers.
-- Captain Richard F. Kiepfer, Medical Corps, US Navy (retired), USS Liberty Survivor
"The evidence was clear. Both Admiral Kidd and I believed with certainty that this attack...was a deliberate effort to sink an American ship and murder its entire crew.... It was our shared belief. . .that the attack. . .could not possibly have been an accident.... I am certain that the Israeli pilots [and] their superiors. . .were well aware that the ship was American."
-- Captain Ward Boston, JAGC, US Navy (retired), senior legal counsel to the US Navy Court of Inquiry
According to Kidd's legal counsel, Captain Ward Boston, USN, Kidd discussed with him his belief that the attackers were aware they were attacking an American ship. The Court ruled otherwise because they were so directed by Washington.
-- Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, President of the Navy Court of Inquiry, as reported in Navy Times, 6/26/2002
"I feel the Israelis knew what they were doing. They knew they were shooting at a U.S. Navy ship."
-- Captain Ward Boston, legal counsel to the Navy Court of Inquiry, as reported in . Navy Times, 6/26/2002
"No one in the White House believed that the attack was an accident."
-- George Christian, Press Secretary to President Lyndon Johnson in letter to James Ennes, 1978.
After reviewing the Court of Inquiry in his official capacity as legal counsel to the convening authority, concluded that the evidence did not support the findings that the attack was an accident and declined to recommend that his Commander sign and forward it to Washington.
-- Rear Admiral (then captain) Merlin Staring, Staff Legal Office for Commander in Chief US Naval Forces Europe and later Chief Judge Advocate General of the Navy. Statement to Navy Times, 3 June 2002 and elsewhere
"The Congress never investigated this matter, and I don't detect much enthusiasm for getting into it now."
-- Senator Adlai Stevenson III in letter to James Ennes dated September 9, 1980
"From what I have read, I can't tolerate for one minute that this was an accident! ... What have we done about the Liberty? Have we become so placid, so far as Israel is concerned or so far as that area is concerned, that we will take the killing of 37 (sic) American boys and the wounding of a lot more and the attack on an American ship in the open sea in good weather? We have seemed to say: 'Oh, well, boys will be boys.' What are you going to do about it? It is most offensive to me!
-- Senator Bourke Hickenlooper; From transcript of July 1967 Senate Foreign Relations Hearing on Foreign Assistance Act of 1967.
"I have read the Navy investigation of the Liberty, and the evidence adduced there, and I have read the Israeli court of inquiry records, and based upon their own records of the investigation, I cannot agree that it was accidental."
-- Senator Bourke Hickenlooper; From transcript of May, 1968, Senate Foreign Relations Hearing on Foreign Assistance Act of 1968, page 444.
"American leaders did not have the courage to punish Israel for the blatant murder of its citizens. . . . The Liberty's presence and function were well known to Israel's leaders. ...Israel's leaders concluded that nothing they might do would offend the Americans to the point of reprisal. If American leaders did not have the courage to punish Israel for the blatant murder of American citizens, it seemed clear that their American friends would let them get away with almost anything.
-- George Ball, under secretary of state at the time writing in The Passionate Attachment: America's Involvement with Israel, pages 57-58.
"I don't think that there's any doubt that it was deliberate.... [It is] one of the great cover-ups of our military history."
-- David G. Nes, the deputy head of the American mission in Cairo at the time
"How much better if Congress would....call to account those who were involved in spreading lies about the tragedy."
-- James Akins, former US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia James Akins in Special Report, The Israeli Attack on the USS Liberty, June 8, 1967, The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December, 1999
"It's an American ship!" the pilot of an Israeli Mirage fighter-bomber radioed Tel Aviv as he sighted the USS Liberty on June 8, 1967. Israeli headquarters ordered the pilot to attack the American ship.
-- former US Ambassador to Lebanon Dwight Porter describing transcripts of communications he saw, reported in syndicated column "Remembering the Liberty" by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, November 6, 1991.
"The historical event which took place in June 1967 can hardly be called enigmatic and mysterious. ...It is difficult to understand that the Israelis could not identity the USS Liberty, since the ship had a unique antenna and equipment and especially since the Israelis had identified the ship with long term observation."
-- Translated from a taped interview with Sergeev Oleg Korneevitch, retired Colonel, Soviet GRU.
"The government of Israel intentionally attacked the ship. ...The attack was not legally justified. ...(there were) two further violations of international law...the use of unmarked military aircraft (and)...the wanton destruction of life rafts."
-- Walter L. Jacobsen, Lieutenant Commander, US Navy, in Naval Law Review, Vol 36, Winter 1986
"Certain facts are clear. The attack was no accident. The Liberty was assaulted in broad daylight by Israeli forces who knew the ship's identity. ...The public, however, was kept in the dark. Even before the American public learned of the attack, U.S. government officials began to promote an account satisfactory to Israel. The American Israel Public Affairs Committee worked through Congressmen to keep the story under control. The President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, ordered and led a cover-up so thorough that years after he left office the episode is still largely unknown...."
-- Paul Findley, author and former Member of Congress 1961-1983 in They Dare to Speak Out, by Paul Findley, 1985, page 166
"Is the Liberty episode being erased from history. So it would seem...What has happened to our prying journalistic corps and our editors, normally so indignant of attempted suppression of the news?...We believe that a joint select committee of Congress should investigate the strange case of the USS Liberty..."
-- William F. Buckley, journalist and publisher, National Review, June 27, 1967
"The attack on the USS Liberty was planned and there is and was a cover-up." "If the very valuable lessons of the Liberty were known, the capture of the USS Pueblo could not have happened."
-- Lloyd M. "Pete" Bucher, US Navy, Commanding Officer USS Pueblo when captured by North Korea in January 1968, in telephone conversations with James Ennes and on September 6, 2002, with Richard Schmucker.
"It is clear that the Israelis knew that they were attacking a vessel of the US Navy, especially as it was flying a large Stars and Stripes at the time. The fact that they spent six hours reconnoitering and executing the attack, which included machine-gunning the lifeboats, attests to the deadly intent of the operation.
-- Andrew and Leslie Cockburn, Dangerous Liaison, the Inside Story of the US-Israeli Covert Relationship, by Andrew and Leslie Cockburn, p152.
"A. Jay Cristol's virtual minority of one assessment is not supported by the detailed non-technical common sense evidence to the contrary in Body of Secrets (by James Bamford). "There is nothing surprising in Bamford's conclusion that the attack was deliberate. Liberty survivors have made that case convincingly for years."
-- Professor Hayden Peake, author, former CIA officer and member, Association of Former Intelligence Officers, The Intelligencer, Vol. 12, No.1, Summer 2001
Survivors of the attack are unanimous in their conviction that the attack was deliberate. Among other things, their belief is based upon the intense pre-attack reconnaissance, the fact that the firing continued from close range long after the attackers examined the ship and its markings from a few feet away, and because the Israeli version of events as reported to the United States is grossly untrue.
-- USS Liberty survivors
Several Air Force intelligence analysts who have come forward to report that they saw real-time transcripts of communications from the attacking forces which show clearly that they were aware they were attacking an American ship. Others who saw these transcripts include Dwight Porter and Oliver Kirby, mentioned above, and several top officials of the American intelligence community.
-- Former US Air Force intelligence analysts Ron Gotcher, Steve Forslund, Richard Block and pilot Charles Tiffany
Published doctoral thesis establishes that the attack was deliberate.
-- John Borne, PhD, adjunct professor of history, NY University.
Rejects the US Navy Court of Inquiry as inadequate, declares that the attack was apparently deliberate, and calls upon the United States to conduct a complete and thorough investigation.
-- Resolution #508 of the American Legion at its 49th annual national convention in August, 1967
"The [Navy Court of Inquiry] leaves a good many questions unanswered."
-- The New York Times, July 1, 1967
"The naval inquiry is not good enough."
-- The Washington Post, June 30, 1967
"They must have known...that Liberty was an American ship."
-- The Washington Star, June 30, 1967
"The action was planned in advance"
-- Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson in The Washington Post, June 30, 1967
"Only the blind or the trigger happy could have made such a mistake"
-- The National Observer
"The attack was deliberate. Those responsible should be court-martialed on charges of murder."
-- California Congressman Craig Hosmer in the Congressional Record--House, June 29, 1967, p. 17893
"How can this be treated so lightly? What complaint have we registered?
-- Mississippi Congressman Thomas G. Abernethy in the Congressional Record--House, June 29m, 1967, pp. 17894-5
"Certain facts are clear. The attack was no accident. The Liberty was assaulted in broad daylight by Israeli forces who knew the ship's identity. ...The President of the United States led a cover-up so thorough that years after he left office, the episode was still largely unknown to the public -- and the men who suffered and died have gone largely unhonored."
-- Paul Findley, They Dare to Speak Out, Lawrence Hill & Co., 1985, p166
The story has been hushed up."
-- Louisiana Congressman John R. Rarick in the Congressional Record--House, September 19, 1967, pp. 12170-6
If my head would have been in line with the jar, this would have been my 365. But alas, another for the reject pile.
FILE MÍDIA ARTE | FILE MEDIA ART
Aaron Oldenburg – Baptize – Estados Unidos | United States
Alan Bigelow – Saving the alphabet - Estados Unidos | United States
Alan Bigelow – My summer vacation - Estados Unidos | United States
Alan Bigelow – Brainstrips - Estados Unidos | United States
Alice Bradshaw – Static - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Alix Poscharsky - Arthur N. Ghell - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Annette Weintraub - One Text, Many Stories [URBAN MEMORY LOSS: a Nightmare of Change in which Time is Inscribed in Space or How a Text Became a Story] - Estados Unidos | United States
Apokalipso: Rafael Gomes, Áthila Benites, Sávio Oliveira, Leandro Caro, Natanael Andrade, Fernando Gavronski & Fernanda Ferreiro – Senmorta – Brasil | Brazil
Bam Studio - Estudio de Animação Barros Melo: Leonardo Domingues – A sorte – Brasil | Brazil
Bam Studio - Estudio de Animação Barros Melo: Marcio Vieira – Mundo mudo - Brasil | Brazil
Bam Studio - Estudio de Animação Barros Melo: Filippe Lyra & William Paiva – Voltage - Brasil | Brazil
boredomresearch: Vicky Isley & Paul Smith – Lost Calls of Cloud Mountain Whirligigs (View 2, Right & Left) - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Brad Todd - film noir – Canadá | Canada
Bruno M. Rocha, Camilo S. Lima, Caroline V. Costa & Daniela Bissoli - WIRESCAPES_simulação transversa de uma condição de metrópole - Brasil | Brazil
Calin Man - Have a Nice Click - Romênia | Romania
Caterina Davinio - The First Poetry Space Shuttle Landing on Second Life – Itália | Italy
Céline TROUILLET - Song No. 9 – França | France
Céline TROUILLET - Song No. 11 – França | France
Chris Coleman - The Magnitude of the Continental Divides – Estados Unidos | United States
Christin Bolewski - Shan-Shui-Hua – Alemanha | Germany
Coletivo Vertigem: Juliana Rodrigues, Natalia Santana & Ygor Ferreira - Repensando a Obra de arte repensada, Eu Tu Ele, Nós, Vós, Eles ou Labirinto Flutuante – Brasil | Brazil
Daito Manabe & Motoi ishibashi - Pa++ern – Brasil | Brazil
Danilo Guimarãres - (L) anos de Brasília! – Brasil | Brazil
David Clark, Marina Roy & Graham Meisner - Sign After The X - Canadá | Canada
Eric Schockmel - Occupation: Movement I (Syscape#4) - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Fernanda Antoun - Um, Dois! Um, Dois! - Brasil | Brazil
Fundamental Research Lab: Robert B. Lisek – NEST – Polônia | Polony
Gabriela Golder – RESCATE – Argentina | Argentina
hint.fm: Fernanda Viegas & Martin Wattenberg – Fleshmap - Estados Unidos | United States
Hyun Ju Song - NOTHING IS FINISHED - Alemanha | Germany
Ivan Henriques – ReLandscaping - Holanda - Netherlands
Jason Nelson - Evidence of Everything Exploding - Austrália | Australia
Jonathan Monaghan - French Penguin - Estados Unidos | United States
Juliana Yamashita - Metro Tracks - Brasil | Brazil
Kevin Evensen – Danses - Estados Unidos | United States
Kika Nicolela – Flickering - Brasil | Brazil
Kristoffer Ørum, Anders Bojen, Rune Graulund, Maja Zander, Kaspar Bonnén, Stig W. Jørgensen, Palle R Jensen, Ida Marie Hede Bertelsen, Peter Rasmussen, Kasper Hesselbjerg, Ulrik Nørgaard, Daphne Bidstrup, Andreas Pallisgaard & Kristian Haarløv - Radiant Copenhagen - Dinamarca | Denmark
lemeh42 - Inner Klänge – Itália | Italy
Leonardo Uehara - An interactive sound tale - Brasil | Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I wanted to see all the news from today - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Maya Watanabe – ABRASIS – França | France
Michael Takeo Magruder - Data_plex (economy) - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Michael Takeo Magruder - Data_sea - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Michele Barker & Anna Munster - Duchenne's Smile - Austrália | Australia
Miriam Thyes - Global Vulva - Alemanha | Germany
mitumBACK: Coelestine Engels, Markus Hafner & Christof Berthold – mitumBACK - Áustria | Austria
moddr: Gordan Savicic, Walter Langelaar & Danja Vassiliev - Web 2.0 Suicidemachine - Holanda - Netherlands
Não se Cale!: Amanda Miyuki de Sá, Danilo Polo Cain, Douglas Ferreira Neto, Fábio Henrique Alves Will, Patrícia Hitomi Nakazone, Talles Marques Duarte - NÃO SE CALE: A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER A PARTIR DAS PROPOSTAS FOTOGRÁFICAS DE BARBARA KRUGER – Brasil | Brazil
Nicholas Knouf – MAICgregator - Estados Unidos | United States
Nicole Kenney & KS Rives - Before I die I want to - Estados Unidos | United States
Nicole Stenger – DYNASTY - França | France
Osvaldo Cibils - 300x300artsport - Itália | Italy
Owen Eric Wood – Holobomo - Canadá | Canada
Owen Eric Wood – Parallel - Canadá | Canada
OZCAN TURKMEN - ENTROPIC POETRY - Turquia | Turkey
Pipol - TV Cronópios - Brasil | Brazil
Rachelmauricio – towtom - Brasil | Brazil
Rachelmauricio – TexET - Brasil | Brazil
Rachelmauricio - NO_HAHAB - Brasil | Brazil
Regina Pinto – AlphaAlpha - Brasil | Brazil
Regina Pinto - DAVID DANIEL'S 200+ HUMANS BEINGÈD HYMN TO HUMANITY - Brasil | Brazil
rgb3000 - superfreedraw.com - Alemanha | Germany
Richard O'Sullivan – Monitor - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Richard O'Sullivan - Broken Windows - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Roderick Coover – Canyonlands - Estados Unidos | United States
Roderick Coover - SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED ONLY ONCE - Estados Unidos | United States
Rosa Menkman - Glitch Studies Manifesto - Holanda - Netherlands
Rui Filipe Antunes - Senhora da Graça - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Sally Grizell Larson – Axiom - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Sergio Sotomayor - Madera (Wood) - Espanha | Spain
Silvia Laurentiz - Poesias Digitais: Projeto Percorrendo Escrituras - Brasil | Brazil
Spot - Dreams In High Fidelity II - Estados Unidos | United States
Stanza – Sondcities - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Dance 0-19 - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - She's not there - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Bus Stop version 2010 - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Not you again! - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Oh no, not you again! - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Sticky Pixels - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Susanne Berkenheger - The Last Days of Second Life - Alemanha | Germany
Tchello d'Barros - "Convergências" | "Convergences" - Brasil | Brazil
Tim Webster - Wonderlands: Machu Picchu - Austrália | Australia
Tina Velho - Tão longe...tão perto - Brasil | Brazil
Trace Sanderson aka Lainy Voom & Tamara Russel aka Gala Charron - Virtual Build Archive (VBA) - Reino Unido e Estados Unidos | United Kingdom and United States
Tuvalu Vizualization Project: Hidenori Watanave, Makiko Suzuki & Shuichi Endou - Tuvalu Vizualization Project - Japão | Japan
UBERMORGEN.COM - SUPERENCHANCED GENERATOR - Áustria | Austria
UBERMORGEN.COM - UGI - UNIVERSAL HEALTH - Áustria | Austria
VJ Eletro-I-MAN - Projeto Representa Corisco - Espanha | Spain
Wilton Azevedo, Rita Varlesi & Savana Pace – Atame: a Angústia do Precário - Brasil | Brazil
ZAO – hearts - Brasil | Brazil
HIPERSÔNICA PARTICIPANTES | HYPERSONICA PARTICIPANTS
++CAYCE POLLARD coletivodeartecomputacional; Nicolau Centola e Fabrizio Poltronieri - A Night in São Paulo - Brasil | Brazil
4propri8 - Junglow Drift - Brasil | Brazil
all your gardening needs – Arranco - Brasil | Brazil
Basavizi: André Damião Bandeira, Fernando Visockis & Sérgio Saad - HID - Human Improvisation Delight - Brasil | Brazil
Berger Rond - Stairs of Unsteady - Canadá | Canada
Carlos Dohrn - x → y - Brasil | Brazil
Carol Robinson – BILLOWS - França | France
Claudio Parodi - The Mother of All Feedback - Itália | Italy
Daniel Gazana - MISTÉRIO MUDO - Brasil | Brazil
Daniel Gazana - RE-CONNECT - Brasil | Brazil
Daniel Gazana - THE KINGDOM OF THE STEEL PORTAL - Brasil | Brazil
Danilo Rossetti - Metropolis parte 1 - Brasil | Brazil
Debashis Sinha - The Bell Garden - Canadá | Canada
Edilson Cardoso - Hâhnio - Ruídos para Filmes de Horror B - Brasil | Brazil
Eduardo Patrício - Electric Talk M.M.S. - Brasil | Brazil
Edwin Lo - Auditory Scenes: The other side of Tides in Limbo - China | China
Emanuele Battisti - Electrode - Study on Pink Noise N.1 - Itália | Italy
Felipe Kirst Adami - Piano Harm - Brasil | Brazil
Franklin Valverde – Sonóricos - Brasil | Brazil
Graeme Truslove - Divergent Dialogues - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Graeme Truslove – Concrètisations - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Graeme Truslove – Portals - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Graeme Truslove – Elements - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Gustavo Alfaix - (en)treses - Brasil | Brazil
John Young – Lamentations - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Kunkuni Mix Project: Rosa Apablaza & Federico Duret - Posible Objetivo Patera - Holanda | Netherlands
Minusbaby - Subversive Motives in Chip Music or The 8bitpeople's party - Estados Unidos | United States
Ocp – Rejects - Portugal | Portugal
Panayiotis KOKORAS - Contruct Synthesis - Grécia | Greece
PAULO GUICHENEY - rec on struction - Brasil | Brazil
Philip Mantione - Dialtone and Strings - Estados Unidos | United States
Regina Porto - Metrópolis São Paulo - Brasil | Brazil
Rohan De Livera – Haiku - Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka
Secret Axis Sonic Collective: Vanderlei Lucentini, Kojiro Umezaki, Yann Novak, Manrico Montero, Terjen Paulsen, Adam Tindale, Scott Smalwood, Zbgniew Karkowski & Hangchul Ki - Secret Axis - Brasil | Brazil
SIMPLE.NORMAL: CLEBER GAZANA – CONSTRUCT - Brasil | Brazil
Sol Rezza - 25 segundos de vida - México | Mexico
The Tiny Orchestra - THE LANGUAGE OF WAITING - Canadá | Canada
Túlio Falcão - Túlio Falcão apresenta: a música de Enrorlando di Falcus - Brasil | Brazil
Vanessa Rossetto - Dogs in English Porcelain - Estados Unidos | United States
Victor Valentim – Estralactides - Brasil | Brazil
HIPERSÔNICA SCREENING – HYPERSONICA SCREENING
Daniel Gazana - MAN-MACHINE-TIME - Brasil | Brazil
Eduardo Raccah – EY - Alemanha | Germany
Fernando Velázquez - SP, automata landscape - Brasil | Brazil
Jaap: Harriet Payer Anderss, Jorge Esquivelzeta - Sound of this City - México | Mexico
Pink Twins - Defenestrator - Finlândia | Finland
Roberto Doati – Sindrome scamosciata - Itália | Italy
Rodrigo F. Cadiz - ID-FUSIONES - Chile | Chile
Sandra Crisp – Oceanics - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Soundsthatmatter – skinstryment - Brasil | Brazil
Soundsthatmatter – bwavssh - Brasil | Brazil
Soundsthatmatter – soundstrain - Brasil | Brazil
FILE MAQUINEMA | FILE MACHINIMA
Andrzej Kozlowski aka CapKosmaty - Apocalypsis Ex Machinima - Polônia | Poland
Annie Ok - My life as an avatar (03-10) - Estados Unidos | United States
Annie Ok - My life as an avatar (04-08) - Estados Unidos | United States
Annie Ok - My life as an avatar (06-08) - Estados Unidos | United States
Basile Vignes aka Tutsy Navarathna - To Each one his own Dreams - Índia | India
Basile Vignes aka Tutsy Navarathna - Vegetal Planet - Índia | India
Berardo Carboni aka Finally Outlander – Volavola - Itália | Italy
Bernard Capitaine aka Iono Allen - The story of Susa Bubble - França | France
Chantal Gerads aka Chantal Harvey - A Woman´s Trial - Holanda | Netherlands
Corndog & Oil Tiger Machinima Team - War of Internet Addiction - China | China
Daniel Wasiluk aka Surgee - The Demise - Polônia | Poland
Egils Mednis aka Demoplay - The Ship - Letônia | Latvia
Elise Carlson aka Lyric Lundquist - Cradle and Trap - Estados Unidos | United States
Elise Carlson aka Lyric Lundquist - Cyberspace is Vast - Estados Unidos | United States
Elise Carlson aka Lyric Lundquist - Sideways Time - Estados Unidos | United States
Elizabeth Pickrd aka Liz Solo - The Death of an avatar - Canadá | Canada
Harrison Heller aka Nefarious Guy & Amorphous Blob Productions – Clockwork - Estados Unidos | United States
Iain Friar aka IceAxe – Clockwork - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Iain Friar aka IceAxe – Embers - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
J. Joshua Diltz - Six Days - Estados Unidos | United States
James Thorpe aka Blackace - Daddy is Home - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Les Riches Douaniers: Gilles Richard & Fabrice Zoll - Chevauchée Nocturne - França | France
Les Riches Douaniers: Gilles Richard & Fabrice Zoll – Kamikaze - França | France
Luca Lisci aka Voom – Prometheus - Itália | Italy
Luca Lisci aka Voom - The Blue Planet - Itália | Italy
Luca Lisci aka Voom - Valentina 'Riflesso' - Itália | Italy
Mark Capell aka Hardy Capo - Control Point - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Miguel Moreira aka Hadj Ling - The Black Chant - Portugal | Portugal
Pineapple Pictures: Kate Fosk & Michael Joyce – Voices - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Piotr Kopik - Big Psomm 2 - Polônia | Poland
Rob Wright aka Robbie Dingo - Watch the world(s) - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Sam Goldwater aka Lorka - The Monad - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
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Simone Schleu aka Sisch – Transient - Alemanha | Germany
The Do Group: Clemens Fobianke aka Cisko Vandeverre - Der Erlköning - Alemanha | Germany
The Do Group: Clemens Fobianke aka Cisko Vandeverre - Der Handschuh - Alemanha | Germany
Tobias Lundmark aka Dopefish & Malu05 - Among Fables and Men - Suécia | Sweden
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Trace Sanderson aka Lainy Voom – Push - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Van Aerden & Nicolas Bonne – Metabup - França | France
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GAMES
Alexandre Machado | 44 Bico Largo - Robo Sucata - Brasil | Brazil
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Elias Holmlid, Dmitri Kurteanu, Guy Lima Jr. & Stefan Mikaelsson – Continuity - Suécia | Sweden
Erik Svedäng - Blueberry Garden - Suécia | Sweden
Florian Faller & Adrian Stutz – Feist - Suíça | Switzerland
Grupo Yellow Jam: Luciano José Firmino Júnior, Luiz José Barbosa de Moura Souza, Rafael Valle Barradas & Heloise Dantas Oliveira - Last Hope - Brasil | Brazil
Guilherme Bischoff, Francesco Sciamarella, Cauê Madeira & Evandro Valente | Kidguru Studios – Lumaki - Brasil | Brazil
Jairo Margatho | Overplay - Night Life - Brasil | Brazil
Joannie Wu & Lee Byron – Fireflies - Estados Unidos | United States
Kokoromi & Polytron - super HYPERCUBE - Canada | Canadá
Leonardo Arantes | Isis Interactive Graphics - Freestyle Challenge - Brasil | Brazil
Luiz Gerosa | Interama - Esther Art Gallery - Brasil | Brazil
Paulo Biagioni – Mutualismo - Brasil | Brazil
Philip Mangione - Chameleon Puzzle Runners - Brasil | Brazil
Q-Games - PixelJunk Eden - Japão | Japan
Rafael Fernandes | TecToy Digital - Vovó a solta - Brasil | Brazil
Rob Jagnow – Cogs - Estados Unidos | United States
Steph Thirion – Eliss - Portugal | Portugal
Tales of Tales – Vanitas - Belgica | Belgium
Tiago Fernandes | TecToy Digital - Dragon vs Heroes - Brasil | Brazil
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Petri Purho - Crayon Physics Deluxe - Finlândia | Finland
INSTALAÇÕES | INSTALLATIONS
Andrew Hieronymi - Virtual Ground - Estados Unidos | United States
Corby & Baily, Jonathan Mackenzie - Southern Ocean Studies # 1.0 - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Electronic Shadow: Naziha Mestaoui & Yacine Aït Kaci – SuperFluidity - França | France
Ernesto Klar - Luzes relacionais (Relational Lights) - Estados Unidos e Venezuela | United States and Venezuela
Guto Nóbrega – Breathing - Brasil | Brazil
Jarbas Jácome – Vitalino - Brasil | Brazil
Jeraman & Filipe Calegario - Marvim Gainsbug - Brasil | Brazil
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Jörg Piringer - abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz for iPhone - Áustria | Austria
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Markus Decker, Dietmar Offenhuber & Ushi Reiter - From Dust Till Dawn - Áustria | Austria
MARS: Media Arts Research Studies: Monika Fleischmann & Wolfgang Strauss – Mediaflow - Alemanha | Germany
Muk - disc.o - Áustria | Austria
Multitouch Barcelona: Dani Armengol, Roger Pujol, Xavier Vilar & Pol Pla - Hi! A real human interface - Espanha | Spain
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Pierre Proske - Frame Seductions - França e Austrália | France and Australia
Rachel Zuanon & Geraldo Lima – BioBodyGame - Brasil | Brazil
Raquel Kogan – Reler - Brasil | Brazil
Ricardo Barreto, Maria Hsu & AMUDI: Núcleo de Arte e Tecnologia da Escola Politécnica de Engenharia da USP: Breno Flesch Franco, Daniel Augusto Azevedo Moori, Erica Usui, Guilherme Wang de Farias Barros, João Flesch Fortes, Leandro Molon e Nadia Sumie Nobre Ota – feelMe - Brasil | Brazil
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SWAMP: Douglas Easterly, Matt Kenyon & Tiago Rorke – Tardigotchi - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand
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PERFORMANCE
27/07
Minusbaby (Richard Alexander Caraballo) - Subversive Motives in Chip Music, or The 8bitpeoples' Party - Estados Unidos | United States
Celia Eid, Sébastien Béranger & Amilcar Zani – Dislocations - Brasil | Brazil
28/07
Jaime E Oliver LR - Silent Percussion Project - Peru | Peru
Panetone - Short lived like a butterfly - Brasil | Brazil
29/07
HEARTCHAMBERORCHESTRA - TERMINALBEACH: Erich Berger [Áustria e Finlândia | Austria and Finland] & Peter Votava [Áustria e Alemanha | Austria and Germany]
30/07
MooM: Dino Vicente & Bill Meirelles - Câmara Secreta - Brasil | Brazil
Ricardo Carioba - dáblio (w) - Brasil | Brazil
DOCUMENTA
27/07
Gustavo Godinho & Vladimir Cunha - Brega S/A- Brasil | Brazil
Claudio Mojope - Talk o Meu Coração ZunZunZunTV - Brasil | Brazil
28/07
Andreas Johnsen & Rasmus Poulsen - Man Ooman (Man Woman) - Dinamarca | Denmark
Fenton Bayle & Randy Barbato - Party Monster: The Shockumentary - Estados Unidos | United States
29/07
João Wainer & Roberto T. Oliveira – PIXO - Brasil | Brazil
Otávio Donasci - 30 Anos de Vídeocriaturas - Brasil | Brazil
30/07
Andreas Johnsen - Good Copy Bad Copy - Dinamarca | Denmark
Robert Baca & Joshua Rizzo - Welcome to Macintosh - Estados Unidos | United States
The Lost World (20th Century Fox, 1960).
youtu.be/h1CLA-gJbmA?t=5s Trailer
Irwin Allen, the producer who would go on to make the disaster film a huge success in the seventies, brought us this Saturday afternoon fodder with giant lizards posing as dinosaurs. Starring Michael Rennie, David Hedison, Claude Rains and Jill St. John.
Intended as a grand sci-fi/fantasy epic remake of Arthur Conan Doyle's classic novel. The first film adaptation, shot in 1925, was a milestone in many ways, but movie making and special effects had come a long way in 35 years. Irwin Allen's Lost World (LW) & 20th Century Fox version was derailed on the way to greatness, but managed to still be a respectable, (if more modest) A-film. Allen's screenplay followed the book fairly well, telling of Professor Challenger's expedition to a remote plateau in the Amazon upon which dinosaurs still lived. Aside from the paleontological presumptions in the premise, there is little "science" in The Lost World. Nonetheless, dinosaur movies have traditionally been lumped into the sci-fi genre.
Synopsis
When his plane lands in London, crusty old professor George Edward Challenger is besieged by reporters questioning him about his latest expedition to the headwaters of the Amazon River. After the irascible Challenger strikes reporter Ed Malone on the head with his umbrella, Jennifer Holmes, the daughter of Ed's employer, Stuart Holmes, offers the injured reporter a ride into town. That evening, Jenny is escorted by Lord John Roxton, an adventurer and big game hunter, to Challenger's lecture at the Zoological Institute, and Ed invites them to sit with him. When Challenger claims to have seen live dinosaurs, his colleague Professor Summerlee scoffs and asks for evidence. Explaining that his photographs of the creatures were lost when his boat overturned, Challenger invites Summerlee to accompany him on a new expedition to the "lost world," and asks for volunteers. When Roxton raises his hand, Jenny insists on going with him, but she is rejected by Challenger because she is a woman. Ed is given a spot after Holmes offers to fund the expedition if the reporter is included. The four then fly to the Amazon, where they are met by Costa, their guide and Manuel Gomez, their helicopter pilot. Arriving unexpectedly, Jenny and her younger brother David insist on joining them. Unable to arrange transportation back to the United States, Challenger reluctantly agrees to take them along. The next day, they take off for the lost world and land on an isolated plateau inhabited by dinosaurs. That evening, a dinosaur stomps out of the jungle, sending them scurrying for cover. After the beast destroys the helicopter and radio, the group ventures inland. When one of the creatures bellows threateningly, they flee, and in their haste, Challenger and Ed slip and tumble down a hillside, where they encounter a native girl. The girl runs into the jungle, but Ed follows and captures her. They then all take refuge in a cave, where Roxton, who has been making disparaging remarks about Jenny's desire to marry him solely for his title, angers Ed. Ed lunges at Roxton, pushing him to the ground, where he finds a diary written by Burton White, an adventurer who hired Roxton three years earlier to lead him to the lost diamonds of Eldorado. Roxton then admits that he never met White and his party because he was delayed by a dalliance with a woman, thus abandoning them to certain death. Gomez angrily snaps that his good friend Santiago perished in the expedition. That night, Costa tries to molest the native girl, and David comes to her rescue and begins to communicate with her through sign language. After Gomez goes to investigate some movement he spotted in the vegetation, he calls for help, and when Roxton runs out of the cave, a gunshot from an unseen assailant is fired, nearly wounding Roxton and sending the girl scurrying into the jungle. Soon after, Ed and Jenny stray from camp and are pursued by a dinosaur, and after taking refuge on some cliffs, watch in horror as their stalker becomes locked in combat with another prehistoric creature and tumbles over the cliffs into the waters below. Upon returning to camp, they discover it deserted, their belongings in disarray. As David stumbles out from some rocks to report they were attacked by a tribe of natives, the cannibals return and imprison them in a cave with the others. As the drums beat relentlessly, signaling their deaths, the native girl reappears and motions for them to follow her through a secret passageway that leads to the cave in which Burton White lives, completely sightless. After confirming that all in his expedition perished, White tells them of a volcanic passageway that will lead them off the plateau, but warns that they must first pass through the cave of fire. Cautioning them that the natives plan to sacrifice them, White declares that their only chance of survival is to slip through the cave and then seal it with a boulder. After giving them directions to the cave, White asks them to take the girl along. As the earth, on the verge of a volcanic eruption, quakes, they set off through the Graveyard of the Damned, a vast cavern littered with dinosaur skeletons, the victims of the deadly sulfurous gases below. Pursued by the ferocious natives, Roxton takes the lead as they inch their way across a narrow ledge above the molten lava. After escaping the natives, they jam the cave shut with a boulder and, passing a dam of molten lava, finally reach the escape passage. At its mouth is a pile of giant diamonds and a dinosaur egg. As Costa heaps the diamonds into his hat, Challenger fondles the egg and Gomez pulls a gun and announces that Roxton must die in exchange for the death of Santiago, Gomez' brother. Acting quickly, Ed hurls the diamonds at Gomez, throwing him off balance and discharging his gun. The gunshot awakens a creature slumbering in the roiling waters below. After the beast snatches Costa and eats him alive, Ed tries to dislodge the dam, sending a few scorching rocks tumbling down onto the monster. Feeling responsible for the peril of the group, Gomez sacrifices his life by using his body as a lever to dislodge the dam, covering the creature with oozing lava. As the cave begins to crumble from the impending eruption, the group hurries to safety. Just then, the volcano explodes, destroying the lost world. After Roxton hands Ed a handful of diamonds he has saved as a wedding gift for him and Jenny, Challenger proudly displays his egg, which then hatches, revealing a baby dinosaur. The End.
The 50s had seen several examples of the dinosaur sub-genre. LW is one of the more lavish ones, owing to color by DeLuxe and CinemaScope. The A-level actors help too. Claude Rains plays the flamboyant Challenger. Michael Rennie plays Roxton, perhaps a bit too cooly. Jill St. John and Vitina Marcus do well as the customary eye candy. David Hedison as Malone and Fernando Lamas as Gomez round out the bill.
The first film version of LW was a silent movie shot in 1925: screenplay by Marion Fairfax. The film featured stop-motion animated dinosaurs by a young Willis O'Brien. Fairfax followed Doyle's text, but Fairfax added a young woman to the team, Paula White. Ostensibly trying to find her father from the first failed expedition, she provided the love triangle interest between Malone and Roxton.
Allen's screenplay tried to stick to Doyle's text as much as Hollywood would allow. It carried on Fairfax's invention of the young woman member of the group as triangle fodder. Fairfax had Doyle's ape men (ape man) but omitted the native humans. Allen had the natives, but no ape men. Allen revived the Gomez/revenge subplot, which Fairfax skipped. Doyle's story had Challenger bringing back a pterodactyl. Fairfax made it a brontosaur who rampaged through London streets (spawning a popular trope). Allen suggested the baby dinosaur traveling to London.
Willis O'Brien pitched 20th Century Fox in the late 50s, to do a quality remake of LW. He had gained much experience in the intervening 35 years, so his stop-motion dinosaurs were to be the real stars. Fox bass liked the idea, but by the time the ball started rolling, there was trouble in studioland. Fox's grand epic Cleopatra was underway, but was already 5 million dollars over budget. Cleo would nearly sink 20th Century Fox when it was finally released in 1963. To stay afloat, all other Fox films' budgets were slashed. Allen could no longer afford the grand O'Brien stop-motion.
Allen's production is often criticized for its "cheap" dinosaurs, which were live monitor lizards and alligators with fins and plates and horns glue onto them. (more on that below) These were already a bit cheesy when used in the 1940 film One Million B.C.. O'Brien is still listed on the credits as "Effects Technician," but all Allen could afford was lizards with glued on extras. Somewhat amusingly, the script still refers to them as brontosaurs and T-Rexes.
The character of Jennifer Holmes starts out promising. She's a self-assured to the edges of pushy, and is said to be able to out shoot and out ride any man. Yet, when she gets to the Amazon jungle, she's little more than Jungle Barbie, dressed in girlie clothes and screaming frequently. She even does the typical Hollywood trip-and-fall when chased by the dinosaur, so that a man must save her.
Bottom line? FW is a finer example of the not-quite-sci-fi dinosaur sub-genre. The actors are top drawer, even if some of their acting is a bit flat. Nonetheless, FW is a fair adaptation of Doyle's
classic adventure novel, given the constraints of Hollywood culture.
The Movie Club Annals … Review
The Lost World 1960
Introduction
There was absolutely nothing wrong with Irwin Allen's 1960 production of The Lost World. Nothing. It was perfect in every way. I therefore find myself in the unique and unfamiliar position of having to write a rave review about a Movie Club movie that was entirely devoid of flaws.
Faced with such a confounding task, I half-heartedly considered faking a bad review, then praying my obvious deceptions would go unnoticed. But the patent transparency of my scheme convinced me to abandon it posthaste. After all, leveling concocted criticisms at such an unassailable masterpiece would be a futile and tiresome exercise, the pretense of which would escape nary a semi-cognizant soul.
Thus, having retreated from my would-be descent into literary intrigue, I start this review in earnest by borrowing a quote from the legendary Shelly Winters, spoken during the 1972 filming of Irwin Allen's The Poseidon Adventure:
"I'm ready for my close up now, Mr. Allen.” Shelly Winters, 1972
Review
A bit of research into the casting choices of Irwin Allen, who wrote, produced, and directed The Lost World, begins to reveal the genius behind the virtuosity.
The first accolades go to Irwin for his casting of Vitina Marcus, the immaculately groomed Saks 5th Avenue cave girl with exquisite taste in makeup, jewelry, and cave-wear. No finer cave girl ever graced a feature film.
Vitina Marcus, as The Cave Girl
She was the picture of prehistoric glamour, gliding across the silver screen in her designer bearskin mini-pelt, her flawless coiffure showing no signs of muss from the traditional courting rituals of the day, her perfect teeth the envy of even the most prototypical Osmond. Even her nouveau-opposable thumbs retained their manicure, in spite of the oft-disagreeable duties that frequently befell her as an effete member of the tribal gentry.
By no means just another Neanderthal harlot, Vitina had a wealth of talent to augment her exterior virtues. Her virtuoso interpretation of a comely cave girl in The Lost World certainly didn't escape the attention Irwin Allen. In fact, he was so taken with her performance that he later engaged her services again, casting her as the Native Girl in episode 2.26 of his Voyage to The Bottom of The Sea TV series.
Leery of potential typecasting, Vitina went on to obtain roles with greater depth and more sophisticated dialogue. This is evidenced by the great departure she took from her previous roles when she next portrayed the part of Sarit, a female barbarian, in episode 1.24 of Irwin Allen's The Time Tunnel TV series.
Vitina, as Sarit
Vitina's efforts to avoid typecasting paid off in spades, as she was soon rewarded with the distinctive role of Girl, a female Tarzanesque she-beast character, in episode 3.14 of The Man From U.N.C.L.E. TV series.
Lured back from the U.N.C.L.E. set by Irwin Allen, Vitina was next cast in the role of Athena (a.k.a. Lorelei), the green space girl with the inverted lucite salad bowl hat, in episodes 2.2 and 2.16 of the revered Lost in Space TV series.
And with this, Vitina reached the pinnacle of her career. For her many unparalleled displays of thespian pageantry, she leaves us forever in her debt as she exits the stage.
For those who would still question the genius of Irwin Allen, I defy you to find a better casting choice for the character of Lord John Roxton than that of Michael Rennie. Mr. Rennie, who earlier starred as Klaatu in The Day the Earth Stood Still, went on to even greater heights, starring as The Keeper in episodes 1.16 and 1.17 of the revered Lost in Space TV series. Throughout his distinguished career, Mr. Rennie often played highly cerebral characters with
unique names, such as Garth A7, Tribolet, Hasani, Rama Kahn, Hertz, and Dirk. How befitting that his most prolific roles came to him through a man named Irwin, a highly cerebral character with a unique name.
The selection of David Hedison to play Ed Malone was yet another example of Irwin's uncanny foresight. Soon after casting him in The Lost World, Irwin paved Mr. Hedison's path to immortality by casting him as a lead character in his Voyage to The Bottom of The Sea TV series. Although Voyage ended in 1968, Mr. Hedison departed the show with a solid resume and a bright future.
In the decades following Voyage, Mr. Hedison has been a veritable fixture on the small screen, appearing in such socially influential programs as The Love Boat, Fantasy Island, Knight Rider, The Fall Guy and The A Team. Mr. Hedison's early collaborations with Irwin Allen have left him never wanting for a day's work in Hollywood, a boon to the legions of discerning fans who continue to savor his inspiring prime time depictions.
Irwin selected Fernando Lamas to play Manuel Gomez, the honorable and tortured soul of The Lost World who needlessly sacrificed himself at the end of the movie to save all the others. To get a feel for how important a casting decision he was to Irwin, just look at the pertinent experience Mr. Lamas brought to the table:
Irwin knew that such credentials could cause him to lose the services of Mr. Lamas to another project, and he took great pains to woo him onto the set of The Lost World. And even though Mr. Lamas never appeared in the revered Lost in Space TV series, his talent is not lost on us.
Jay Novello was selected by Irwin Allen to play Costa, the consummate Cuban coward who perpetually betrays everyone around him in the name of greed. In pursuing his craven calling, Mr. Novello went on to play Xandros, the Greek Slave in Atlantis, The Lost Continent, as well as countless other roles as a coward.
Although Mr. Novella never appeared in the revered Lost in Space TV series, his already long and distinguished career as a coward made him the obvious choice for Irwin when the need for an experienced malingerer arose.
Jill St. John was Irwin's pick to play Jennifer Holmes, the "other" glamour girl in The Lost World. Not to be upstaged by glamour-cave-girl Vitina Marcus, Jill played the trump card and broke out the pink go-go boots and skin-tight Capri pants, the perfect Amazonian summertime jungle wear.
Complete with a perfect hairdo, a killer wardrobe, a little yip-yip dog named Frosty, and all the other trappings of a wealthy and pampered prehistoric society, Jill's sensational allure rivaled even that of a certain cave girl appearing in the same film.
With the atmosphere rife for an on-set rivalry between Jill and Vitina, Irwin still managed to keep the peace, proving that he was as skilled a diplomat as he was a director.
Claude Rains, as Professor George Edward Challenger
And our cup runneth over, as Irwin cast Claude Rains to portray Professor George Edward Challenger. His eminence, Mr. Rains is an entity of such immeasurable virtue that he is not in need of monotonous praise from the likes of me.
I respectfully acknowledge the appearance of Mr. Rains because failure to do so would be an unforgivable travesty. But I say nothing more on the subject, lest I state something so obvious and uninspiring as to insult the intelligence of enlightened reader.
Irwin's casting of the cavemen mustn't be overlooked, for their infallibly realistic portrayals are unmatched within the Pleistocene Epoch genre of film. Such meticulous attention to detail is what separates Irwin Allen from lesser filmmakers, whose pale imitations of his work only further to underscore the point.
To be sure, it is possible to come away with the unfounded suspicion that the cavemen are really just a bunch of old white guys from the bar at the local Elks lodge. But Irwin was an absolute stickler for authenticity, and would never have allowed the use of such tawdry measures to taint his prehistoric magnum opus.
In truth, Irwin's on-screen cavemen were borne of many grueling years of anthropological research, so the explanation for their somewhat modern, pseudo-caucasian appearance lies obviously elsewhere. And in keeping with true Irwin Allen tradition, that explanation will not be offered here.
1964 - Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Season One, Episode 7 - "Turn Back the Clock", featuring Vitina Marcus as The Native Girl. Produced by Irwin Allen.
And then there was Irwin Allen's masterful handling of the reptilian facets of The Lost World, most notably his inimitable casting of the dinosaurs. His dinosaurs were so realistic, so eerily lifelike, that they almost looked like living, breathing garden variety lizards with dinosaur fins and horns glued to their backs and heads.
The less enlightened viewer might even suppose this to be true, that Irwin's dinosaurs were indeed merely live specimens of lizards, donned in Jurassic-era finery, vastly magnified, and retro-fitted into The Lost World via some penny-wise means of cinematic trickery.
But those of us in the know certainly know better than that, as we are privy to some otherwise unpublished information about The Lost World. The lifelike appearance of the Irwin's dinosaurs can be attributed to a wholly overlooked and fiendishly cunning approach to the art of delusion, which is that the dinosaurs didn't just look real, they were real.
While the world abounds with middling minds who cannot fathom such a reality, we must follow Irwin's benevolent leanings and temper our natural feelings of contempt for this unfortunate assemblage of pedestrian lowbrows. In spite of Irwin's superior intellect, he never felt disdain toward the masses that constituted his audiences. He simply capitalized on their unaffectedness, and in the process recounted the benefits of exploiting the intellectually bereft for personal gain.
The purpose of all this analysis, of course, is to place an exclamation point on the genius of Irwin Allen, the formation of his dinosaur exposé being a premier example. Note how he mindfully manipulates the expectations of his unsuspecting audience, compelling them to probe the dinosaurs for any signs of man-made chicanery. Then, at the palatial moment when the dinosaurs make their entry, he guilefully supplants the anticipated display of faux reptilia with that of the bona fide article.
Upon first witnessing the de facto dinosaurs, some in the audience think they've been had, and indeed they have. Irwin, in engineering his masterful ruse, had used reality as his medium to convey the illusion of artifice. His audience, in essence, was blinded by the truth. It was the immaculate deception, and none but Irwin Allen could have conceived it.
Indeed, the matter of where the live dinosaurs came from has been conspicuously absent from this discussion, as the Irwinian technique of fine film making strongly discourages the practice of squandering time on extraneous justifications and other such trite means of redundant apologia. For the benefit of the incessantly curious, however, just keep in mind that Irwin Allen wrote and produced The Time Tunnel TV Series, a fact that should provide some fair insight into his modis operandi.
Carl R.
This is a muffin from a batch that was made of ingredients that just had to be used up, a swig of buttermilk, handful of frozen raspberries, scrapings in the butter dish etc.
Bogazi (Greek: Μπογάζι, Turkish: Boğaz) is a village in Cyprus, located 7 km northeast of Trikomo in the Karpaz Peninsula. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.