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From the museum label: The late summer bouquet blossoms in red, white and pink before a monochrome background. The artist stages his motif simply and modestly. Whereas the Impressionists among his friends tended towards the dissolution of the pictorial subject as the nineteenth century drew to a close, Fantin-Latour remained more indebted to tradition. He combined the precise, delicate aesthetic of the Old Masters he emulated with the Realists' interest in everyday life - an artistic concept he shared with his artist friend Otto Scholderer, a native of Frankfurt.
Point Precise uses photogrammetry and your iPhone’s device sensors to convert your scans into precise 3D point clouds.
Although a precise date of construction has yet to be determined, the aqueduct was likely built in the early 2nd century or late 1st century CE. Until the mid 19th century, it continued to bring water to Segovia from the Rio Frio, some 17 km (11 mi) from the city. It highest point is 29 m (94 ft) above the ground.
Precise beauty can come out from your dressing trend with this yellow and white color lehenga crafted with soft Organza material and completed with digital print.
This lovable yellow and white lehenga comes with a white color choli made with Organza material and completed with digital print.
This white lehenga is semi-stitched and can be customized up to 42 inches, also have a cancan and canvas attached. The choli will be un-stitched material (1 meter).
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Peñíscola (en castillan) ou Peníscola (en valencien), officiellement Peníscola/Peñíscola1, est une commune au nord de la Communauté valencienne en Espagne. Elle appartient à la Province de Castellón et plus précisément au district de Vinaroz, dans la comarque du Baix Maestrat (nom valencien, Bajo Maeztrazgo en castillan). La langue dominante officielle est le valencien.
À la fin du Grand Schisme d'Occident, l'antipape Benoît XIII (Pedro de Luna, dit le cardinal d'Aragon) exclu d'Avignon d'où il régnait sur une partie de la chrétienté et qui n'était plus toléré que par l'Aragon s'y installa et y mourut après 19 années de résistance à Rome.
Peñíscola (Peníscola en valenciano, y oficialmente Peníscola/Peñíscola) es un municipio de la Comunidad Valenciana, España, situado en la costa norte de la provincia de Castellón, en la comarca del Bajo Maestrazgo. Cuenta con una población de 8.094 habitantes (INE 2011). Posee título de Ciudad desde 1707.
Desde enero de 2013, Peñíscola forma parte de la red Los pueblos más bonitos de España
Peníscola (Valencian: [peˈniskola]) or Peñíscola (Spanish: [peˈɲiskola]), anglicised as Peniscola, is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast. It is a popular tourist destination.
Peníscola (Valencian: [peˈniskola]) or Peñíscola (Spanish: [peˈɲiskola]), anglicised as Peniscola, is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast. It is a popular tourist destination.
Peñíscola (Peníscola en valenciano, y oficialmente Peníscola/Peñíscola)3 es un municipio de la Comunidad Valenciana, España, situado en la costa norte de la provincia de Castellón, en la comarca del Bajo Maestrazgo. Cuenta con una población de 8.094 habitantes (INE 2011). Posee título de Ciudad desde 1707.
Desde enero de 2013, Peñíscola forma parte de la red Los pueblos más bonitos de España
Peñíscola (en castillan) ou Peníscola (en valencien), officiellement Peníscola/Peñíscola1, est une commune au nord de la Communauté valencienne en Espagne. Elle appartient à la Province de Castellón et plus précisément au district de Vinaroz, dans la comarque du Baix Maestrat (nom valencien, Bajo Maeztrazgo en castillan). La langue dominante officielle est le valencien.
À la fin du Grand Schisme d'Occident, l'antipape Benoît XIII (Pedro de Luna, dit le cardinal d'Aragon) exclu d'Avignon d'où il régnait sur une partie de la chrétienté et qui n'était plus toléré que par l'Aragon s'y installa et y mourut après 19 années de résistance à Rome.
Purley on Thames is a village in West Berkshire whose history is unusually rich for a settlement of its size. Its story is closely tied to the River Thames, the fertile but flood-prone meadows beside it, the chalk hills rising to the south, the road between Reading and Pangbourne, and the successive manors and estates that shaped the village for many centuries. What is now a largely residential village was, until well into the twentieth century, predominantly an agricultural community organised around three medieval manors.
The earliest history of the area reaches back well before the village itself can be identified by name. Archaeological evidence from the wider Thames Valley indicates human activity in prehistoric times, although there is no evidence that a substantial prehistoric settlement occupied the precise site of modern Purley. The landscape would nevertheless have been attractive to early communities. The Thames provided water, fish and transport, while the gravel terraces and slightly raised ground offered places where people could live above the worst of the flooding. The low-lying land beside the river was valuable as meadow and pasture, while the higher ground to the south could be cultivated.
The Roman period brought more organised settlement and agriculture to the surrounding region. Roman activity is well attested elsewhere in the Reading and Pangbourne area, although the evidence for a substantial Roman settlement within Purley itself is limited. The disappearance of Roman administration in the fifth century did not mean that the countryside became empty. Communities continued to occupy and cultivate the land, and the landscape gradually developed into the pattern of small settlements, fields and estates that would later be reorganised under the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
Purley's origins are generally associated with the Anglo-Saxon period. The name is Old English in origin and has traditionally been interpreted in more than one way, including a clearing associated with pear trees and a clearing or woodland frequented by birds such as snipe or bittern. The exact derivation remains uncertain. The settlement seems to have developed on a relatively dry area within the Thames floodplain, effectively an island or low mound surrounded by wetter ground.
By the later Anglo-Saxon period, the basic settlement pattern that eventually produced the parish of Purley was probably already emerging. Three distinct areas became particularly important: Purley Magna, meaning Great Purley; Purley Parva, meaning Little Purley; and Purley La Hyde. These were not simply three names for different parts of one village. They represented distinct estates with their own landholdings, farms, tenants and manorial histories. Their eventual combination explains much of the dispersed character of historic Purley.
The earliest surviving documentary evidence for Purley comes from the Domesday Survey of 1086. The settlement appears under forms of the name such as Porlaa and Porlei. Domesday records two holdings associated with Purley, reflecting the division of land following the Norman Conquest. One was held by Roger, son of Seifrid, while another was held by Theodric the Goldsmith. Before the Conquest, the relevant lands had been held by English landholders including Brictward and Edward.
The Domesday figures give an impression of a small but productive agricultural community. The assessment included several hides of taxable land, land for ploughs, meadow and a population consisting of villagers and smallholders. The figures recorded in Domesday represent heads of household rather than the entire population, meaning that the actual number of inhabitants would have been considerably greater. Purley's economy was already based upon the agricultural exploitation of the surrounding fields and meadows.
The Norman Conquest transformed the ownership and administration of the land. Purley became connected with the Honour of Wallingford and with the feudal structures established by the new ruling class. The three principal manors gradually became more clearly defined. Purley Magna occupied the eastern and central part of the parish and eventually became associated with Purley Park. Purley Parva lay farther west and became associated with what is now Westbury Farm. La Hyde occupied land towards the western part of the parish, extending across what are now the boundaries of Purley and neighbouring Sulham and Pangbourne.
The medieval manor was much more than a country house. It was an economic and administrative unit containing arable land, meadow, pasture, woodland, tenants, cottages and the lord's own demesne. The manor controlled aspects of local justice and landholding and provided the framework through which most inhabitants lived their lives. The landscape of medieval Purley therefore cannot be understood simply as a village surrounded by countryside. It was a collection of interlocking agricultural estates.
The medieval history of Purley is particularly well documented through the succession of families who held the manors. The Huscarle family became associated with Purley Magna after the Norman period, while the Sifrewast family and other medieval families held important interests in the surrounding estates. La Hyde had its own complicated succession of owners, including the de la Hyde, Sifrewast and St Philibert families, followed by other medieval landowners.
The records reveal a world in which landholding could involve complicated arrangements of inheritance, marriage, feudal service, litigation and royal intervention. Purley was connected not merely with its immediate neighbours but with the wider feudal jurisdictions centred on places such as Wallingford and Windsor.
The medieval agricultural landscape was substantially different from that of today. Fields were divided into strips cultivated by individual tenants within a common system, while meadows and pasture were subject to communal arrangements. Some field names recorded in medieval and later documents preserve evidence of this landscape. Names incorporating words such as croft, meadow and field point towards long-established divisions and enclosures.
The Thames was central to Purley's economic life. The river was a source of fish and water, a means of transport and a major geographical boundary. The low-lying meadows were extremely fertile, although their usefulness was always balanced against the danger of flooding. Purley's relationship with the river has therefore always been both beneficial and hazardous.
There was also an important connection with Mapledurham across the Thames. Farmers from Purley needed to move grain and other produce, and a crossing was established across the river. A wooden bridge is recorded in the medieval history of the village, associated with the movement of corn towards Mapledurham Mill. Attempts to alter the drainage of the marshes could have consequences beyond Purley itself. At one point an attempt to drain and irrigate part of Purley Magna was opposed by the Lord of Mapledurham because the change in water flow threatened the operation of his mill.
Purley's church is one of the most important survivals from its medieval past. St Mary's stands on a site with evidence of very early Christian activity. A church existed here before the present building, and local archaeological investigations have uncovered burials whose characteristics have been interpreted as potentially Saxon. The churchyard has consequently provided important evidence for the early history of the settlement.
The original Saxon church is traditionally said to have been destroyed during the civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda in the twelfth century. The conflict devastated parts of England, particularly around strongholds and territories contested by the rival factions. The precise circumstances of the destruction at Purley are not completely documented, so the traditional account should be treated with some caution. A stone church in the Norman tradition was subsequently established.
Parts of the medieval church survive within the later building. The Norman chancel arch and medieval architectural fragments are reminders that the present St Mary's is not simply a Victorian church but the latest stage in a much longer sequence of buildings. Archaeological work in the churchyard has uncovered medieval pottery and numerous human burials, including evidence of the repeated reuse of burial ground over several centuries.
During the fourteenth century Purley appears to have been a sufficiently established and prosperous community to undertake improvements to its church and infrastructure. The agricultural economy was capable of supporting substantial estates and a settled population, although life remained vulnerable to the wider crises of medieval England, including disease, poor harvests and political instability.
The Hundred Years' War and the changing political fortunes of medieval England had less obvious physical impact upon Purley than upon towns and castles, yet the village was integrated into the feudal and administrative systems that supported the English state. Landowners were required to provide military service or financial obligations, while the manorial courts regulated many aspects of everyday life.
The Carew family became particularly important in the history of Purley Magna during the later Middle Ages. Nicholas Carew obtained extensive rights in Purley and acquired interests in more than one of the local manors. Through inheritance and marriage, estates that had once been separate became increasingly interconnected.
The late fifteenth century brought another important change. Purley Magna eventually passed into the hands of the Iwardby family. The succession of estates through heiresses and marriage was typical of the period and helps explain why Purley's manorial history repeatedly connects it with prominent families whose principal estates lay elsewhere.
The Tudor period brought changes in religion, politics and landownership across England. Purley remained primarily agricultural, although its leading families became increasingly connected with the political and social world beyond Berkshire. The dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII altered patterns of landownership throughout the country, including estates held by religious institutions or subject to ecclesiastical interests.
The St John family subsequently became the dominant owners of Purley Magna. The family already possessed substantial estates elsewhere, particularly at Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire. Purley was attractive as a residence because of its position between London and the west of England and its proximity to the royal and political centres of Windsor and London.
A substantial Elizabethan manor house was built at Purley Magna during the sixteenth century. It stood close to the river and near the church, reflecting the traditional relationship between manor house, church and village. The house was later replaced and eventually gave way to the country house and parkland landscape that survives in altered form today.
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries also saw the emergence of Purley Hall from the older manor of La Hyde. Francis Hyde built Hyde Hall, now known as Purley Hall, in 1609. The building remains one of Purley's most important historic houses and is a Grade II* listed building. Its surviving fabric includes substantial seventeenth- and eighteenth-century interiors, while the surrounding registered historic landscape preserves evidence of successive phases of garden design.
The seventeenth century was a particularly eventful period for Purley. The parish became caught up in the religious and political divisions that culminated in the English Civil War. The St John family were strongly associated with the Royalist cause. Sir John St John suffered a severe family loss during the conflict, with three of his sons dying while serving the King.
The physical consequences of the Civil War in Purley were less dramatic than in places that experienced sieges or battles, yet the conflict affected landowners, finances, loyalties and family fortunes. The village's position on the Thames opposite Royalist territory added a strategic dimension to its situation. Across the river, Mapledurham was strongly associated with Royalist interests, while much of the country south of the Thames was controlled by Parliament.
The parish church contains memorials that preserve the memory of the families who dominated Purley during this period. The tower carries the date 1626 and incorporates reused medieval material. Its monuments provide a remarkable record of the local elite and their connections with national political history.
One of the most famous people associated with St Mary's is Anne Hyde. She was the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe and the first wife of Edward Hyde, later the Earl of Clarendon. She died at Purley in 1632 after becoming seriously ill with smallpox while travelling from London towards Wiltshire. She was buried at Purley, and her monument remains in the church. Her family connections became extraordinarily important in British history because her daughter Anne married James, Duke of York, later King James II, while her daughter Mary became Queen Mary II. Purley's churchyard therefore contains the burial place of a woman directly connected with the succession of two British queens.
Purley Hall also acquired distinguished associations in the eighteenth century. The Hyde family eventually sold the estate to Francis Hawes, a director of the South Sea Company. The South Sea Bubble of 1720 had a direct impact upon Purley Hall because Hawes was among those whose fortunes were damaged by the collapse. His assets were seized and the estate was placed on the market before being reacquired by his brother Thomas.
The gardens of Purley Hall were transformed during this period. The celebrated landscape designer Charles Bridgeman prepared designs around 1720 and 1721. The surviving landscape retains elements of this eighteenth-century work, including the formal canal and terraces. Later changes were made by Humphry Repton, one of the most influential landscape designers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
The gardens and park at Purley Hall are particularly significant because they preserve evidence of changing attitudes towards the designed landscape. The formal gardens of the early eighteenth century gradually interacted with the more naturalistic landscape ideals of the later Georgian period. The result was a complex landscape in which formal canals, lawns, woodland, parkland and ornamental structures were combined.
The eighteenth century also brought one of Purley's most unusual residents. Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of Bengal, lived at Purley Hall for a number of years. Hastings returned to Britain in considerable controversy and was impeached by Parliament in 1787. During this period he was associated with Purley Hall, where he maintained an extraordinary collection of animals brought from India and elsewhere. Contemporary representations of the estate show the exotic animals that contributed to the unusual appearance of the landscape.
Purley was still overwhelmingly rural during the eighteenth century. The village consisted of farms, cottages, manor houses, the church, inns and other small-scale buildings. Its population remained small. Agriculture dominated employment and land use, while the Thames and the road system provided important connections with neighbouring settlements.
The road through Purley was considerably older than the modern A329. The historic village street descended from the main route between Reading and Pangbourne towards the church and manor before continuing west towards Westbury. It crossed wet ground and a stream and followed a route shaped by the topography of the village. A turnpike route subsequently provided a more reliable long-distance road connection.
Around 1800, the landscape of Purley Magna changed dramatically. The old manor house close to the river was demolished and replaced by a new country house, Purley Park, designed by James Wyatt. The new mansion was placed higher on the hill, partly to avoid the flooding that had affected the earlier site and partly to create a more imposing landscape setting.
The construction of Purley Park transformed the eastern part of the parish. Land was enclosed and converted into parkland, while roads were diverted to accommodate the new estate. New Hill was constructed to provide a public route into the village after the older road through the estate was closed. The old relationship between manor house, church and village was therefore physically disrupted.
Purley Park became an important country estate. Its architecture and surviving interior are of considerable historic significance, and the house is listed at Grade II*. The estate's history also demonstrates the changing nature of aristocratic and landed society in the nineteenth century. The country house remained economically important, while the surrounding agricultural estate employed labourers and supported farms and cottages.
The enclosure of agricultural land during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries altered Purley's traditional field system. The disappearance of common fields and the consolidation of landholding contributed to the loss of some ancient routes and the creation of new boundaries. Many of the small lanes and footpaths that survive today reflect these successive changes rather than a single planned village layout.
The nineteenth century began as a period of relative continuity, although the effects of the Industrial Revolution were gradually reaching rural Berkshire. Purley did not become an industrial settlement. Its significance lay instead in its proximity to Reading and in its position on an important transport corridor.
The arrival of the Great Western Railway in the late 1830s was one of the most consequential events in Purley's modern history. The railway connected London with the west of England and brought a powerful new form of transport through the parish. The railway cutting physically divided Purley and separated parts of the Purley Park estate from other areas of its land.
The railway also changed the relationship between Purley and neighbouring communities. Goods and people could travel much more rapidly, encouraging commuting, trade and the gradual integration of the village into the economic orbit of Reading and London. At the same time, the railway destroyed or altered some ancient paths and roads. Bridges and underpasses were constructed to maintain connections across the new line.
The nineteenth century also saw substantial changes to St Mary's Church. The medieval building had undergone various alterations, but by the Victorian period it required major work. In 1870 the church was substantially rebuilt and restored by the architect George Edmund Street in a medieval-inspired style. The older tower, dated 1626, was retained, while medieval architectural fragments were incorporated into the Victorian building.
The Victorian church therefore represents several centuries of Purley's history at once. Its medieval fabric, seventeenth-century tower and nineteenth-century rebuilding embody successive periods of religious and architectural change. Later additions have continued the process of adaptation, allowing the building to remain a functioning parish church rather than simply a historic monument.
Purley's population remained comparatively small through much of the nineteenth century. The parish was still predominantly agricultural, and many residents lived in cottages associated with farms or estates. The contrast with the rapidly expanding towns of the industrial age was striking. Reading was growing quickly, yet Purley retained the appearance and social structure of a rural village.
The twentieth century brought a much more dramatic transformation. At the beginning of the century Purley still consisted largely of farms, estates, cottages and large houses. The arrival of the motor car, improvements in public transport, the growth of Reading and the increasing ability of people to commute gradually weakened the isolation that had characterised the village.
The First World War had a profound effect upon Purley. The South Berkshire Hunt was established at Belleisle Farm, and Cecil Aldin became its Master during the war. Aldin, who was a well-known artist as well as a huntsman, was appointed to military duties connected with obtaining horses for the Army. Belleisle Farm became a remount depot, with large numbers of horses passing through Purley.
The war touched many local families directly. Men from the village served in the armed forces, and a number were killed. The church and later the village war memorial preserve their names. The conflict also disrupted agricultural labour and changed the social balance of the village.
Cecil Aldin's artistic connections brought another notable cultural dimension to Purley's history. Aldin was part of a wider circle of British artists and illustrators who were attracted to the countryside and to sporting subjects. His presence at Belleisle connected Purley with the artistic culture of Edwardian and early twentieth-century Britain.
The years between the two world wars saw the beginning of large-scale residential change. Parts of the old Purley Magna estate were sold or leased, beginning a process that would ultimately replace much of the former agricultural landscape with housing.
One of the most distinctive developments was the River Estate beside the Thames. During the 1930s land was divided into small plots and sold mainly for camping and holiday use. Londoners were attracted by the river, countryside and accessibility. The development initially consisted of weekend retreats rather than conventional suburban houses.
The Second World War transformed the River Estate. The bombing of London encouraged some families to leave the capital and settle permanently in Purley. Building materials were scarce, so people constructed homes from whatever was available. Railway carriages, buses, huts, timber structures and other unconventional materials were adapted as dwellings.
The result was an unusual riverside community whose origins were directly connected with wartime displacement and the housing shortage. Flooding was a constant problem, and the great flood of 1947 caused serious damage. Over subsequent decades the improvised houses were progressively replaced or enlarged, and the area evolved into the more conventional residential district that exists today.
The Second World War affected the whole village. Air-raid precautions were organised, residents participated in wartime services, and the proximity of Reading made the threat of bombing particularly real. The war accelerated changes that had already begun before 1939, bringing new residents into the village and weakening the old estate-based social structure.
The period after 1945 was the decisive turning point in Purley's history. The country faced an enormous housing shortage, while Reading and London were expanding. Purley became increasingly attractive as a place from which people could commute to work elsewhere.
The old estates were progressively broken up. Land that had once formed part of Purley Park or other large agricultural holdings was sold for housing, schools, recreation grounds and other uses. Roads and estates appeared across land that had previously been fields or parkland.
Purley Park itself underwent major changes. In 1948 the mansion was acquired for educational and residential purposes associated with people with Down syndrome. The estate subsequently became associated with the Purley Park Trust, which has continued to provide support and accommodation for adults with learning difficulties. The mansion has since been converted into residential accommodation, while parts of the historic estate have been redeveloped.
The former agricultural and estate buildings also acquired new uses. The large barn associated with the estate eventually became a community facility, illustrating the wider process through which historic farm buildings were adapted rather than simply abandoned.
The twentieth-century housing expansion changed the social character of Purley. The village ceased to be a small farming community in which most residents had a direct connection with agriculture. It became a commuter settlement with residents working in Reading, London and other centres. The railway, road network and proximity to the M4 made this transformation increasingly practical.
Schools, clubs, churches, community organisations and sporting groups became increasingly important to the identity of the expanding village. The growth of housing created a need for new recreational spaces, community facilities and local organisations.
The old distinction between Purley Magna, Purley Parva and La Hyde gradually became less obvious on the ground, although traces of the three medieval landscapes remain. Purley Village, Purley Rise, Purley Magna, the River Estate and the areas around Westbury Farm and Purley Hall each preserve different aspects of the older settlement pattern.
The relationship with the River Thames has remained fundamental. Flooding has repeatedly shaped decisions about settlement and development, from the positioning of the medieval manor to the construction of Purley Park on higher ground and the later regulation of riverside housing. The Thames also remains one of the principal recreational and environmental assets of the village.
The administrative history of Purley has changed alongside its physical development. The ancient parish boundaries did not correspond precisely with the modern boundaries of the village. Parts of the historic parish extended into areas now regarded as belonging to Pangbourne and Tilehurst. A long-running boundary review eventually resulted in changes being implemented in the 1990s, altering the civil parish while leaving the ecclesiastical parish with a somewhat different extent.
The late twentieth century brought further housing development and the consolidation of the village's modern character. Former self-built houses and temporary structures were replaced or upgraded. Estates were constructed on former farmland, while surviving open areas became increasingly important for recreation, wildlife and flood management.
Despite the scale of development, Purley has retained substantial elements of its rural setting. Agriculture continues in parts of the parish, while the Thames meadows, countryside to the west and south, mature trees and surviving estate landscapes prevent the settlement from becoming completely urbanised.
The village's historic buildings form an important part of this continuity. St Mary's Church preserves evidence from the medieval, Tudor, Stuart and Victorian periods. Purley Hall preserves a major early seventeenth-century house and an important eighteenth-century landscape. Purley Park preserves the principal country-house landscape created around 1800. Purley Lodge contains surviving elements of earlier buildings, including evidence of seventeenth-century timber framing and an unusual medieval architectural fragment associated with a former chapel.
The survival of these buildings is particularly significant because so much of the historic village was lost during enclosure, estate redevelopment and twentieth-century house building. The modern village consequently contains a mixture of very old structures and comparatively recent housing, with the medieval and early modern landscape surviving mainly in fragments.
Purley's history is also unusually well documented by local historians. Project Purley, founded in the early 1980s, has collected photographs, documents, archaeological information, oral histories, maps and family records relating to the village. This research has helped preserve knowledge of buildings and landscapes that have disappeared as well as those that survive.
Population growth illustrates the scale of the transformation. In the seventeenth century Purley had only a small population, recorded at about eighty people in 1676. By the beginning of the nineteenth century there were approximately 153 inhabitants. The population remained comparatively modest for much of the nineteenth century. By 1946 it had reached about 867, after which expansion accelerated dramatically. By the early twenty-first century the population had exceeded 4,000.
The transformation from a small agricultural parish to a modern commuter village was therefore concentrated largely within the lifetime of a few generations. Someone living in Purley in 1900 would have recognised the village as a collection of farms, cottages, estates and fields. Someone living there in the later twentieth century would have seen a substantially different community dominated by residential development.
Purley nevertheless retains a strong sense of historical continuity. The river follows the same course. St Mary's still occupies its ancient site. The old manorial landscapes can still be traced through surviving houses, lanes, fields and boundaries. The grounds associated with Purley Hall and Purley Park preserve important fragments of the landscapes created by their former owners. Old field names, footpaths and road alignments continue to reveal the structure of the medieval and early modern settlement beneath the modern village.
The history of Purley on Thames is therefore not simply a story of suburban expansion. It is the story of a settlement whose origins lie in the Anglo-Saxon landscape of the Thames Valley, whose medieval identity was formed by three manors, whose church and estates connected it with national political and religious history, whose Georgian landscape attracted figures such as Warren Hastings, whose Victorian transformation was accelerated by the railway, and whose twentieth-century development converted it from an agricultural village into a modern commuter community.
Its most distinctive characteristic is the persistence of several different historical landscapes within one relatively small area. The riverside meadows recall the agricultural economy of the medieval manors. The church preserves evidence of more than eight centuries of Christian worship. Purley Hall embodies the world of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century landed elite. Purley Park represents the transformation of the country estate around 1800. The railway cutting records the arrival of the industrial age. The River Estate recalls the social upheaval and housing shortages of the Second World War. The modern housing estates represent the final transformation of Purley into the large residential village of the present day.
Purley on Thames has consequently evolved without entirely losing the physical traces of its earlier identities. The modern settlement is layered over a much older landscape, and much of the character of the village comes from the coexistence of these layers: Saxon settlement beneath the medieval parish, medieval fields beneath Georgian estates, country-house landscapes beside twentieth-century housing, and the enduring Thames connecting all of them.
Point Precise uses photogrammetry and your iPhone’s device sensors to convert your scans into precise 3D point clouds.
Peñíscola (en castillan) ou Peníscola (en valencien), officiellement Peníscola/Peñíscola1, est une commune au nord de la Communauté valencienne en Espagne. Elle appartient à la Province de Castellón et plus précisément au district de Vinaroz, dans la comarque du Baix Maestrat (nom valencien, Bajo Maeztrazgo en castillan). La langue dominante officielle est le valencien.
À la fin du Grand Schisme d'Occident, l'antipape Benoît XIII (Pedro de Luna, dit le cardinal d'Aragon) exclu d'Avignon d'où il régnait sur une partie de la chrétienté et qui n'était plus toléré que par l'Aragon s'y installa et y mourut après 19 années de résistance à Rome.
Peñíscola (Peníscola en valenciano, y oficialmente Peníscola/Peñíscola) es un municipio de la Comunidad Valenciana, España, situado en la costa norte de la provincia de Castellón, en la comarca del Bajo Maestrazgo. Cuenta con una población de 8.094 habitantes (INE 2011). Posee título de Ciudad desde 1707.
Desde enero de 2013, Peñíscola forma parte de la red Los pueblos más bonitos de España
Peníscola (Valencian: [peˈniskola]) or Peñíscola (Spanish: [peˈɲiskola]), anglicised as Peniscola, is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast. It is a popular tourist destination.
Peníscola (Valencian: [peˈniskola]) or Peñíscola (Spanish: [peˈɲiskola]), anglicised as Peniscola, is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast. It is a popular tourist destination.
Peñíscola (Peníscola en valenciano, y oficialmente Peníscola/Peñíscola)3 es un municipio de la Comunidad Valenciana, España, situado en la costa norte de la provincia de Castellón, en la comarca del Bajo Maestrazgo. Cuenta con una población de 8.094 habitantes (INE 2011). Posee título de Ciudad desde 1707.
Desde enero de 2013, Peñíscola forma parte de la red Los pueblos más bonitos de España
Peñíscola (en castillan) ou Peníscola (en valencien), officiellement Peníscola/Peñíscola1, est une commune au nord de la Communauté valencienne en Espagne. Elle appartient à la Province de Castellón et plus précisément au district de Vinaroz, dans la comarque du Baix Maestrat (nom valencien, Bajo Maeztrazgo en castillan). La langue dominante officielle est le valencien.
À la fin du Grand Schisme d'Occident, l'antipape Benoît XIII (Pedro de Luna, dit le cardinal d'Aragon) exclu d'Avignon d'où il régnait sur une partie de la chrétienté et qui n'était plus toléré que par l'Aragon s'y installa et y mourut après 19 années de résistance à Rome.
PRECISE PROJECTION: Celina Tragesser, Science Olympiad member and senior, measures angles on a projectile launcher for an event called Air Trajectory at a Science Olympiad work session on Feb. 24. Tragesser and several other members will compete in the Regionals competition at Butler University on Saturday. SARAH LIU / PHOTO
Stunning appearance, precise design, high quality and excellent work performance of this case makes it outstanding in similar products. It is designed for iPhone 5,opens to all the buttons, controls and camera lens. With it, the device can enjoy comprehensive protection and have the trendy outlook.
With an inner hard case to securely hold your iPhone 5
Holds your device in a secure way with a magnetic closing flip
Provides all-around protection from scratches, bumps, dust, and other accidental damage
Fits your iPhone 5 perfectly and leaves easy access to all controls and ports
Easy to use,put your card with your mobile phone
Smudge-resistant coating prevents Scratching and keeps Screen clean & Protective
Thin thickness provides you for greater touch sensitivity
Special adhesive makes application and removal easy.
Leaves no residue after removing the film
Provides excellent scratch and scuff / dust resistance.
Compatible:iPhone 5
Material: pu
Reto Styling #2 Diseñadores Hispanos Famosos
11 de Mayo del 2013
Jueces:
Kimmera Madison
Carilynn Ohare
Reign Congrejo
Belle Roussel
RKThings Crystal
Enzo Champagne
Materials
* 8.5″x11″ sheet of white paper
* fine-tipped black pen
* clock or watch - this is a time-based drawing
Process
* Once you have read all of the instructions, consult your clock or watch. You will be drawing continuously for 10 minutes.
* Use only circles, rectangles, and triangles in this drawing.
* Shapes may be of any size, but they must be perceptible to the naked human eye as the shape they represent.
* Shapes may not intersect or overlap one another
* Start your drawing in the lower left corner of the page.
* Focus on filling the space with these shapes and on the patterns they make in positive and negative space.
* After the 10 minutes are complete, give the drawing a title.
A very precise ritual for the lighting of the Flame is followed at every Games. It is lit from the sun's rays at the Temple of Hera in Olympia, in a traditional ceremony among the ruins of the home of the ancient Games.
After a short relay around Greece, the Flame is handed over to the new Host City at another ceremony in the Panathenaiko stadium in Athens.
The Flame is then delivered to the Host Country, where it is transferred from one Torchbearer to another, spreading the message of peace, unity and friendship. It ends its journey as the last Torchbearer lights the cauldron at the Olympic Games Opening Ceremony in the Olympic Stadium, marking the official start of the Games.
The Flame is extinguished on the final day of the Games, at the Closing Ceremony.
The precise manual focus, and beautiful optics make for pin point shallow depth of field. What great glass this lens is. I was a senior in high school when it was introduced.