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This new ultimate wake boat combines amazing wakes, precise handling, aggressive looks and a shockingly refined interior. The view from overhead is elegance, while the water-level vantage point is complete intimidation. The SA350, SA450 and SA550 have Indmar power behind their names. These models protect and project with Supra's new Barrage Front End while the Battle Prep Transom prepares you for action. Specific hull design and perfectly matched underwater gear take wake boat handling beyond better. Elevate even further with Supra Ride System (SRS) components like 900 pounds of hard sub-floor Liquid Lead Ballast and the new loaded Roswell Pro Edge Tower. Opt for 1,300-pounds of additional Flex Ballast from the factory and swamp the competition. The epitome of convenience and customization the SA has snap-out carpet with a fiberglass floor. The intricate upholstery design is only matched by the plush feel and durability of the NANO Block Technology (NBT) Vinyl surrounding multiple densities of foam. Hand-covered accents finish the performance look and the luxurious feel. Experience SA350, SA450 and SA550 shock and awe in person at a Supra Boats dealer near you.
Overall Length w/o Platform: 22' 6"
Overall Length w/ Platform: 24' 6"
Overall Length w/ Platform & Trailer: 27' 2"
Width (Beam): 100"
Overall Width w/ Trailer: 102"
Draft: 26"
Weight - Boat only: 4,300 lbs
Weight - Boat and Trailer: 5,600 lbs
Capacity - Passenger: 10
Capacity - Weight: 1,400 lbs
Capacity - Fuel: 50 gals
Capacity - Ballast: 900 lbs (S) 1,300 lbs (O) = 2,200 lbs available from factory.
Engine - Electronic Fuel Injection: 345 HP-SA350, 450 HP-SA450, 550HP-SA550
Dynamic self-portrait. I'm not really that muscular but when lit correctly it sure can look that way. I love my abs! NOT Photoshopped just precise lighting. Canon 5d mkii 85mm f1.8 Paul C. Buff Einstein monolight stobes
Workers laying asphalt and measuring the correct line and level using te most precise technique - one-handed string.
The precise location is Mucking, site of an important Roman to Anglo Saxon era settlement and industrial site, excavated around the 1970s. 4M47 London Gateway - Hams Hall.
Arthur Roessler, 1910
Schwarze Kreide/Black chalk
Albertina
Egon Schiele met the writer and collector Arthur Roessler in 1909. These two portrait studies testify to the artist's interest in his subject's precise physiognomy. Like in the portrait of Eduad Kosmack, the subtly worked eyes lend the portrayed subject a penetrading gaze. The tree-quarter pencil portrait drawing shows Schiele's paternal friend and patron as a person self-confidently at peace with himself with his hands places proudly on his hips: a kind of portrait traditionally characterizing a determined man of action.
Schiele lernt den Publizisten und Sammler Arthus Roessler im Jahr 1909 kennen. Die zwei Porträtstudien zeigen das Interesse des Künstlers an der präzisen Physiognomie. Wie beim Bildnis Eduard Kosmacks sind bei der Kopfstudie die Augen fein herausgearbeitet und geben dem Porträtierten einen eindringlichen Blick. Die dreiviertelfigurige Bleistiftzeichnung zeigt Schieles väterlichen Freund und Förderer als eine selbstbewusst in sich ruhende Persönlichkeit, die stolz die Arme in die Hüften stemmt. Ein Porträttypus, der in der traditionellen Auffassung einen entschlossenen Tatmenschen charakterisiert.
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
Taking precise measurements of the patient for making the immobilisation mask for assuring the treatment setup is the same for each treatment. Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien, Vienna, Austria. June 2016.
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Exercise PRECISE RESPONSE, is an annual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) exercise hosted by Defence Research and Development Canada at Canadian Forces Base Suffield where the Canadian Armed Forces along with NATO allies and partner Nations can practice essential CBRN defence skills in a multinational training environment.
The target area is only two meters wide. It's a small thermal exhaust port, right above the ticket windows. The shaft leads directly to the reactor system. A precise hit will start a chain reaction which should destroy the station. Only a precise hit will set off a chain reaction.
Michigan Central Station
The tree marks the precise spot of the southern 'portal' of the tunnel under Clifton Road which carried the tramway from the Clifton collieries to the gasworks/canal basin. The tree is, bizarrely, dead centre of the track bed. If you look over the wall you can make out the portal from above. Ground level access isn't possible.
Can't give a precise date on this programme but isn't the design fabulous! Here you can see the Hastings Pier decked out in it's finery complete with the Old Bandstand where people could hire a deckchair and listen to the bands play. My Great Grandfather helped build Hastings Pier.
Opposite the Pier is Hastings White Rock Pavillion.
An extremely precise and crisply detailed front panel is at odds with the rest of the cab which remains notably crude and lacking in much body work detailing. Made by Tian Hong and is a copy of one made by Summer though this company has been pretty inventive in its choices of body work. Part of a five vehicle set sourced recently from China. Mint and boxed.
Precise harmony: “Dresden” as anthracite brown multiblend pavers and in an elegant grey as a wall cladding tile on the façade.
Read more about the project on our Architectum blog.
Planning, entrance and access area: Dörte Michaelis
Planning and implementation, annex to parking area and access: Architektengruppe Hamann
Photographer: Jens Krüger
I'm not sure of the precise date, but this is from a blog called Letters Home From Korea, and it contains memories and photographs of Charles Woodruff, a US Army Korean War veteran; this particular image is way down at the bottom of the page, so you have to scroll quite a ways down. This is a postcard he picked up at the time, showing the Capitol Building at the end of Sejong Daero. As you can see, the steps are far too low to have been the site of the previous photo. It's more likely that the photographer was up one floor, or maybe even two. There is in fact at least one figure standing on the third floor balcony, and maybe two.
Note that the entrance to the building is blocked in this shot, by a temporary barrier (and a big yellow sign), so this may date from the middle of the war, after Seoul had been recaptured, but before the legislature was really sitting.
For JKPP - www.flickr.com/groups/portraitparty/discuss/7215762398615...
Great source photo - www.flickr.com/photos/triedandtrue/4531872717/in/gallery-...
Can anyone give a more precise period when this badge was in use? Was it a members-only badge or for sale to the general public as a fund raiser?
The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club (WSSC) is the parent club for the breed and was founded in 1923. The Welsh Springer Spaniel gained recognition as a breed from The Kennel Club in 1902.
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References:
www.wssc.org.uk/start.htm (Welsh Springer Spaniel Club website).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Springer_Spaniel (The Welsh Springer Spaniel).
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Enamels: 3 (green, white & brown).
Finish: Gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Pin.
Size: 1” in diameter (about 25mm)
Process: Die struck.
Maker: No maker’s name or mark
Thank you for reading.
Stuart.
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Exercise PRECISE RESPONSE, is an annual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) exercise hosted by Defence Research and Development Canada at Canadian Forces Base Suffield where the Canadian Armed Forces along with NATO allies and partner Nations can practice essential CBRN defence skills in a multinational training environment.
When was the world's first railway laid? No one is quite confident on a precise date but simple rails have been used to guide vehicles for centuries, definitely as far back as the middle ages and possibly even in ancient Greece.
What is certain is that in the early 1600s a Nottinghamshire businessman called Huntingdon Beaumont came to Northumberland and laid rails from collieries near Blyth to a shipping point on the coast.
His waggonway used horses hauling wooden waggons on wooden wheels on wooden rails, however this was not a financial success. It did though provide the spark of progression from primitive wooden rails over short distances, to a railway network which would change Britain and the world forever.
Tyneside Roads
From the mid 1600 onwards waggonways and the Tyneside coal industry became linked so closely that they were known throughout the rest of Britain as 'Tyneside Roads'. A network of lines linked collieries on both sides of the Tyne to the river.
It is no coincidence that the North East was the area where waggonways took greatest hold, because canal building was impossible due to deep valleys and steep hills. What set the rail systems of Tyneside apart from all others was its use of the flanged wheel - a key element of the modern railway as we know it.
A revelation
When the Tanfield Railway - or waggonway as it was known at the time - was built in 1725, it was a revelation. Its massive engineering was unlike anything else in its era, or even since the Roman Empire. It was a triumph of engineering over nature, a clear signal that a new industrial age was upon the world, and that railways would play a massive part.
First laid down more than a quarter of a century before the first railway officially sanctioned by government, over 75 years before the first steam locomotive and a whole 100 years earlier than the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the Tanfield Railway is the world's oldest railway. We will be the first railway to celebrate our tricentenary in 2025.
: : Blackbird Squad : :
//ENTER//
(IN COMMAND) Sergeant Raven, CT 9016 : :
Sergeant Raven was one of the sharpest, quickest, most precise clones of his batch. He could snipe a bird flying at thirty from four hundred yards. He excelled through his training and eventually put his combat prowess to use in space, flying an ARC-170, occasionally transporting troops in an LAAT. Prior to returning to a ground position, he fought in a space battle where had was only barely able to crash back in the hangar of a Venator before it jumped away, scarring his face forever and ruining his ARC. The scar was a piece of shrapnel imbedded so deep into his skull that any attempt to take it out would kill him, but it staying there would only result in minor aches when exercising incredibly hard or talking with too much strain. The drawback was that too much g-force would eventually result in it going deeper into his skull and killing him. So he was forced to transfer to the ground, where was soon promoted to sergeant.
WEAPON(S): Modified DC-15x Sniper Rifle
PROFICIENCY: Stealth, Sniping
(SECOND IN COMMAND) 51, CT 5151
Corporal 51 was bred in Kamino, like all clones, and had a particularly strong love of explosions and fire and loud noises.
As such, he veered down the heavy weapons path, preferring large miniguns, powerful rocket launchers and grenades.
WEAPON(S): DC-15 Blaster Rifle, three grenades
PROFICIENCY: Heavy Weapons
(THIRD) Mark, CT 8741
CT 8741 "Mark" was given his name when he had to snipe a valuable separatist target - and had only one place he could hit it - in the designated mark. He was also his previous team's designated marksman.
WEAPON: DC-15x Sniper Rifle
PROFICIENCY: Mid-Range Firefights
(FOURTH) Ears, CT 6200
Ears is a by-the-book clone with reasonable combat prowess and a tendency to question orders.
WEAPON(S): DC-15 Blaster Rifle
PROFICIENCY: Hacking
(FIFTH) Clank, CT 7432
It's a wonder Clank hasn't been thrown in prison yet. There's been at least 19 cases of Possession of Droid Debris. But nonetheless, a sarcastic, law-breaking, talkative clone he remains, fighting on the battlefield.
WEAPON(S): DC-15 Blaster Rifle
PROFICIENCY: Firefights
: : Blackbird Squad : :
//END//
(466th Legion. From left to right: Mark, Clank, Raven, 51, Ears)
Decent hole quality, but unpredictable placement, even using a center punch. My drill press is more precise, but a runout problem causes the holes not to be perfectly round.
Sent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry
In the Red light District, Lange Niezelstraat, 1012 JD Amsterdam, to be precise.
Photographed from the window of my 'Whore's Perch'.
This Whore's Perch. (2008)
Titles are important to me, I like all the connotations. The whore was the one who plied her trade, here, before me. It has a bed, a bath, and a toilet all in one room, and nothing else (other than a sink). This was to facilitate, ingress, egress and evacuation, I believe, and the maintaining of a clean, and efficient, work area, on an in-and-out basis. I love the pragmatism of all the trade's people here.
I was the whore who arrived next. I still have the property rented to the end of the month, but find myself with an embarrassment of properties, one of which houses a whore, and the other which presently houses two cats, one of whom would be one (a whore, that is) given half the chance. A cat 'on heat' is a wondrous thing, but then so is a person. For the record, that slightly phallic shape in the middle of the foreground is this whore's foot.
The shoe is a gentleman's bespoke lace-up brogue from 'Foster & Son', London. There is an aspect of 'drag' there.
I have learnt a sort of trick, it's a bit of a coverall. When I really embarrass myself with an image or text, and I do, I have discovered that if I flood my stream with a new direction, say here with this group of geographic place-holders (lest I forget), then hopefully I have somewhat buried the 'offending article'. I might add that this idea, or image, does not embarrass me at all. I have loved many 'whores' in my lifetime. I have found them to be honest and good for the most part. I would rather have dinner and a few drinks with any of their number over the company of priests, nuns, bank managers, or market manipulators.
Call me old-fashioned.
Above picture : the Felley Priory circa 1900 .
_________________________________________________________________
Text > > > Felley and its Priory
Through the centuries Felley's changing landscape of trees ,hillslope, and valley bottom has been a place of continuous human drama. However , while the Great , the Good , and the downright Bad acted out their lives' scenes , countless Others - men and women now long forgotten and of little consequence by comparison - lived out lives as the lookers-on , as the spectators , to all the grand goings-on around them . Perhaps Felley's beauty - its God-given - was taken for granted by those whose days were much more taken up by matters of survival than admiriation of nature. The ways and high affairs of the noble , the important and the wealthy - and especially those ofdignitaries who were local and could occasionally be seen " in the flesh " - would always have been more interesting and exciting matters of conversation .
The area of land that is now known as Felley was a place of human habitation long before the priory was established in the mid twelfth century. The place-name Felley evolved from the Saxon words " feld " , which means a stretch of unenclosed land and the word " leah ," meaning a woodland clearing . Today the word " leah " continues in everyday use as " ley " - ley being a familiar tag to the names of the villages Annesley and Brinsley which are close by it.
When Saxons first cleared and then ploughed Anneley land they began the creation of an 'undulating tract of land' as its eventually deforested landscape condition was to become and be poetically described . Its first settlers are imagined to have been comparitively few in number , having a small settlement of tree-sheltered wooden dwellings overlooking
a view of the south.
(Click to an area map that shows Felley Priory as Felley Abbey on a circa 1860 map. )
The Founding : Ralph Britto , Lord of Annesley founded the priory of Felley in the year 1156 , providing a body of Augustinian Black Canons the church and hermitage of Felley. He also gave them his church at Annesley with rents sufficient to sustain a lamp burning during all its service hours . Reginald de Annesley's son Ralph , confirmed his father's gifting . Before the founding of the Felley Priory and before the year 1 1 5 1 Ralph Brito had given " the place of Felley to Robert the hermit : the precise place of the man's hermitage and the exact date of the gifting being unknown.It is speculated that the hermit carved out a cave dwelling or himself in a sandstone hillside, as was done by the hermit at Dale Abbey not far away , or that he constructed a dwelling of stone or of wood , but whatever the exact details were , in 1151 the hermit lost his hermitage when Ralph Brito evicted him from his land .During Ralph
Brito's days the founding of priories and monasteries became politically
and strategically sensible because by such patronage a Lord could anticipate
gratitude , support and profit in return. In 1151 Ralph Brito and his son
Reginald established a local priory for " Austin
Canons of Saint Mary " , canons commonly known as " Augustinian black
canons " - or entirely accurately as , " Canons Regular of the Order of
Saint Augustine ". He bestowed upon them " the * church and hermitage of Felley " plus his church at
Annesley and money for the maintenance of the Priory's church. Note : *
Just how substantial or otherwise that church was then and quite how it had
come to be built , if it indeed it had been at that 1 1 5 1 date , is not known.However,the matter was not brought about without political discord , for the first canons at the new priory were from the the Priory at Worksop and the older priory duly asserted its right to the newly granted land . A surviving Worksop Priory register , indicates that Ralph and Reginald had in fact granted the church of Felley to the priory church of Worksop .
Worksop priory sought
the subjection of the upstart and few in number canons of Felley - under their Prior
Walter - and appealed to Rome .The Church of Rome accepted the Worksop Priory's
view and Pope Alexander III , by a bull of 1161 , confirmed that Felley Priory was in subjection to
Worksop Priory. It was to
remain so until the year 1260. ( Note : A hilltop in the Robin Hood Hills near
Worksop is the highest point in the County of Nottingham , it being 650ft
above sea level. )
Worksop Priory - The Market Cross
and Gatehouse of Worksop Priory.
Worksop PriorySaint
Augustine - The cannons (monks ) of Felley followed the
teachings of Saint Augustine . Augustine , or AUSTIN, ST. : first
Archbishop of Canterbury , originally a monk of the Benediotine convent at
Rome, was sent by Pope Gregory to convert Britain to Christianity. Accompanied
by forty monks, Augustine landed on the Isle of Thanet . Through the
intercession of Bertha , wife of Ethelbert, king of Kent, he was permitted to
preach , and succeeded in making the king himself a convert to his cause. He was
consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, and, following Gregory's advice,
conciliated native feeling, and made the change of religion as gradual as
possible . Augustine ranks high for his monastic zeal, and as a capable bishop ,
of the Roman Church. He died Aug. 28, 430 , and was buried at Canterbury . See
A. J .Mason's The Million of St. Augustine to England (1897), and books by E. W.
Benson , G. F. Browne, and W. E. Collins , (all in 1897). The chief source is
Bede's 'Eccles,Hist. (ed. Gidley, ; 1870). Augustinlans ,
fraternities in the Roman Catholic Church who follow the rules referred to St.
Augustine ; but the origin of the order is in dispute. The principal
congregations are the (canons Regular, the Hermits , the Special Congregations
(of which Luther was a member), and the Bare footed Augustinians. The Canons
Regular , or Austin Canons , founded at Avignon about 1061 , made their
first appearance in Britain about 1100. At the reformation they owned
two hundred houses , the chief being at Pontefract, Scone, and Holyrood ,
and from their habit they were sometimes called the Black Friars. The Hermits,
or Austin Friara , were under a rule much more severe, and were one of the four
great mendicant orders of the church, whence the name 'Begging Friars.' The
Special Congregations and Barefooted Augustiniana were even more rigorous in
their discipline. The Augustinian nuns are said to have founded their first
convent at Hippo, under Perpetua, the sister of Augustine. See Speakman's Rule
of St.Augustine (1902) , and Dugdale's Monasticon, vi. 37. In
Brief - The Life of Saint Augustine .(This text is included for
information . It is not intended to favour any particular religious point of
view. )Augustine ( Aurelius Augustinus ) , the
greatest of the Latin fathers of the Christian church, was born on Nov. 13th
, 354 A.D. , at Tagaste, a small Numidian country town. Monica , Augustine's
mother , was a woman of deep Christian piety. At the age of sixteen he was
enabled to proceed to the University of Carthage. During his residence
at Carthage Augustine lived a life of gaiety and dissipation; but not,
apparently, to the neglect of his studies, for he gained the first place in the
school of rhetoric the most coveted distinction in those days. In
Carthage, while a youth of eighteen, he contracted an alliance with a young
woman, with whom he lived in a state of unmarried fidelity for fourteen years.
When in his twentieth year Augustine began, as he says, to desire 'with an
incredible ardour the immortality of wisdom. The book that awakened him to this
serious state of mind was Cicero's Bortemius, Turning to the Scriptures to
satisfy his new hunger,he was disappointed, for they seemed to him 'unworthy of
being brought into comparison with the majesty of Cicero.' In this condition of
mental fermentation Augustine fell in with professors of Manichaeism, and for
more than nine years he remained a professed Manichaean.With a 'mind
darkened by error and a heart led astray by passion ,' Augustine, at the age of
twenty, opened a school for instruction in grammar and rhetoric in his native
town. Though not unsuccessful, the young lecturer ere long resolved to seek fame
in Carthage. There pupils gathered around him in large numbers, and Augustine
further increased his fame by winning a high prize in a public rhetorical
contest. But, owing to the lack of discipline among the students , he resolved
to seek his fortune in Rome. His mother opposed the idea; but finally ( 383
A.D. ) he eluded her vigilance and escaped. "I lied to my mother, and to such a
mother." On his arrival at Rome the fugitive fell into a
dangerous illness, but recovered. He set about opening a school, and numbers
came to listen to his teaching. Unlike the students at Carthage,they behaved
well; but they invarably failed to pay their fees. As a consequence Augustine
applied for and obtained a post as teacher of rhetoricin Milan, where hedrew a
salary from the government. Before leaving Carthage his enthusiasm for the
teaching of the Manichaeans had considerably abated. In Milan various
influences operated on him which tended to lead him to accept Christianity. The
study of Plato completely undermined his old faith, and the preaching of
Ambrose, bishop of Milan, completed the process. It was about this crisis in his
history that his mother
arrived from Africa. As a result of her influence and that of others , and of
the study of the New Testament , Augustine was convinced of the truth of
Christianity . The moment of awakening, so graphically described at the
close of the eighth book of the Confessions was the result of a conversation in
which Pontitianus, a fellow-countryman of his own and a Christian, told him how
the Life of Anthony the Hermit had so deeply impressed two members of the
imperial service as to induce them to retire to a monastery.This
great change in Augustine's life took place in August of 386. On
Easter eve, April 387 , he, along with his son Adeodatus and his friend
Alypius, was baptized in Milan by Ambrose. Tradition associates with this
memorable occasion the composition of the great Christian hymn the Te Deum.
Shortly afterwards, at Ostia, when about to return to Africa, Augustine
experienced a great sorrow through the death of his saintly mother;and he had
not long settled in his native town, Tagaste, when his son also was taken away.
In 391 the Christian community of Hippo Regius, a town close to
the borders of Algeria and Tunis, compelled him to accept ordination. Within
five years, Valerius, the bishop, secured him as his colleague ; and after the
death of the former, Augustine remained in possession of the see till the end of
his life. The year 429 saw the Vandals in Africa , and in 430 they besieged
Hippo. Three months later, on Aug. 28, 430 , the famous divine breathed
his last. No theologian has produced a larger and deeper impress on
the mind of Christendom than the bishop of Hippo. This he has achieved not only
by his writings , but by the exhibition of Christian fervour and devotion which
is given in the story of his inner life. As a philosopher and a moralist he
anticipated many of the problems of modern times. As a stylist he is often
prolix, but sooner or later he strikes off a sentence of immortal brilliance.
He determined that " evil was not a nature " Three
great controversies called forth his immense mental resources. As against the
Manichaeans , he maintained the doctrine that evil was not a nature.
Everything that God made was good. Evil was a defect or corruption of nature ,
brought about by the exercise of the human will.All his
energies . In opposition to the * Donatists , [ * a schismatic party of
the African church ] who claimed that the Catholics had ceased to be a holy
church by admitting those who had been unfaithful [ and were lapsed - ie lapsi .
] , Augustine denied that the church then existing was intended to be
coextensive with the final and glorious church, and referred his opponents to
the parables of the 'Tares' and the 'Drag-net.' However , Augustinianism - the
doctrines with which the name of Augustine is universally identified was
developed by its author in controversy ( through debate ) )with Pelagius
, a British monk , and others , who more or less entirely supported his views.
The point of conflict was the relation between truth and individuals - the
conditions and process of salvation. Augustine employed all his energies
to establish the position that man is unable of himself to will anything good
. There is no power either of choosing or of realizing the good in man ;
grace must do all. Starting from this, which he regarded as a fact of
consciousness and as the teaching of Scripture, Augustine built up that
elaborate system of theology which took shape in later days as * Calvinism
. ( * See below.)
( Further note : John Calvin was born in Noyon in Picardy in 1509 and
died in Geneva on May 24th.,1564 . )
Embracing expositions of Scripture, letters, philosophical and
strictly theological works, Augustine's writings are voluminous . But the
two best-known compositions are undoubtedly the De Civitote Dei , or ' City of
God ' (413-426) and the Confessions (397). The former appeared after the fall of
Rome (410). In 1 1 9 4 , Pope Celestine III confirmed Felley Priory's rights and
possessions . He permitted the canons the saying of mass in a low voice, without
ringing of bells, and with closed doors, even during a general interdict. He
also gave them the right of sepulture for persons outside their Augustinian
community - but only for those not excommunicated from the Roman Church , and
who were devoutly desiring it. The terms of the foundation of a chantry by
Geoffrey Barry show that there was in the conventual church of Felley an altar to Saint
Edmund of Pontigny , an Archbishop of Canterbury , who was canonized in 1248.
In 1 2 6 0 Worksop Priory relieved Felley Priory of its land dues
obedience in return for an annual payment ( annuity ) of twenty shillings and
ended the bitter dispute between the two bodies . Grants of land
at Newark, Colwick, Southwell and other places in Nottinghamshire, as well as
some in Derbyshire, were also made to the priory. Annesley Parish
Church was was also given ; it was endowed ( given ) by Leonia de Raines , at
one time a Lord of Annesley.She gave the Felley Priory canons " the
patronage and revenues of Annesley Church " - a patronage that lasted until the
Dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry Vlll. In 1 5 3 6
the priory supplied
canons to act as priests at the parish church. An End to Controversy
about Annesley " Felley Priory received a
considerable number of benefactions at various dates. One of the earliest was
the advowson and tithes of the church of Annesley. This, originally given by the
founder, and confirmed by his son Reginald, was again confirmed to the priory by Leonia de Raines
and Henry de Stutevill her son. This deed was promoted by Archbishop Godfrey in
order to put an end to the controversies about the patronage of Annesley church,
which had arisen between Leonia, the lord of Annesley, and the rector of
Kirkby-in-Ashfield.The priory possessed also the
tithes of the church of Attenborough.Originally they had only a mediety of
these, granted to them in 1339, and confirmed in 1343, but eventually they seem
to have acquired the whole, subject to an annual payment of £6 13s. 4d. to the
Priory of Lenton, in lieu
of the other mediety, which had been appropriated to that house.The family of De
Heriz were large benefactors. Among their other gifts, eighteen bovates of land
at Tibshelf were specially given for the maintenance of two additional canons at
Felley.Certain lands
at Dethick, given by the family of that name, were charged with the maintenance
by the Canons of Felley
of a chaplain to serve the chapel of Dethick. Another benefaction among those
held by the priory was
charged with the payment of a stipend for a priest to serve a chantry at the
altar of our Lady in the church of Mansfield Woodhouse" . Details of the
various possessions of the priory can be read of in the
article on Felley in the
Victoria County History
for Nottinghamshire . Public Display In 1311, the canons,
being anxious to prove their title to their possessions, obtained leave from
Archbishop William Greenfield to make public exhibition of their title deeds,
which they accordingly did, at St. Mary’s Church, Nottingham, on the day after
Ascension Day in that year. The Priors of Felley Priory
The following is a list of all the priors of Felley that are so far as
known of : - 01 Walter (1156). 02 Adam of Nocton (reign
of Henry II). 03 William de Lovetot (reign of Henry II.)
04 Henry (reign of Henry III.) 05 Thomas (reign of Henry III.).
06 Walter (his name occurs about 1240). 07 Henry (prior at the
time when Felley was made
independent of Worksop). 08 Ralph of Pleasley (1268: deposed in
1276). 09 Thomas of Wathenowe (1276). 10 Alan of Elksley
(1281). 11 William of Toton (resigned in 1315). 12 Elias
of Linby (1315). 13 Adam.John of Kirkby (1328). 14 John of
Holbrook (1349). 15 Richard of Shirebrook (1349). 16
Robert Eaves (died 1378). 17 Thomas Elmton (1378). 18 John
of Mansfield (1381). 19 William Tuxford (died 1405). 20
William Hopwood (1405). 21 Peter Methley (1442). 22 John
Throughcroft (died 1454). 23 William Acworth (1454: He became Prior
of Worksop in 1463). 24 Richard Congreve (1463). 25
William Symondson, alias Bolton (1482). 26 Laurence Ingham (1500).
27 Robert (or Thomas) Gateford. (He became Prior of Worksop in 1518).
28 Thomas Stock (1519). 29 Christopher Bolton - the last
prior. The Last Prior of Felley .The priory was dissolved in
1536, along with the other smaller religious houses of England .The prior ,
Christopher Bolton , and the canons receiving pensions. The prior’s pension,
however, ceased on July 2nd, 1537, on his accepting another benefice,the Rectory
of Attenborough . The 13th Century Seal used by Felley Priory is kept in the
British Museum. Since its condition is fragile , a cast replica of it has been
made . Of pointed oval shape it displays the Virgin Mary crowned and seated,
with sceptre, fleur de lys, with the Christ Child on her
knee.Misdemeanors and Misconduct.During the 13th
century there were some serious problems at Felley Priory .In 1 2 7
6 , Ralph of Pleasley , Felley's then Prior , was deposed for sundry
misdemeanours by sentence of Archbishop Walter Giffard. At the same time
he punished two other canons for misconduct , namely Richard of Codnor and
Robert Barry. The latter had some ten years previously , it seems , been
readmitted to the priory
house of Felley, by
permission of the same archbishop, after having deserted it! The canons
elected Thomas of Wathenowe as Prior in the room (in place of) of Ralph de
Pleasley . In Detail . Ralph de
Pleasley had permitted the Priory to fall into
disrepair while his canons had " erred and strayed to the scandal of
the neighbourhood ". The book " Victorian County History " records the
visitation by Archbishop Giffard in the year 1276 that resulted in the Prior,
Ralph de Pleasley, being removed for irregularities that included :
- (a) his " confining of Ralph de Codnore to the
cloister due to incontinence" and (b) - " the infliction
of like punishments on Robert Barry and William de Dunham for theft and
immorality ". At that time those charges against the prior would not
have been considered serious ones, but it was also shown to the
Archbishop , by the Prior's own personal confession and the sworn testimonies of
others - (c) that goods of the house had been wasted ,
(d) that the house itself had become dilapidated ;
(e) that he (the Prior) had violently attacked Alan, one of
the canons; (g) that he had broken open a lock against
the will of the convent and (h) had neglected to
correct the canons in the Chapter House . Ralph de Pleasley was found
to have been an inadequate man for his position as Prior on account of
weakness and old age. Later, after further visitation and enquiry, further
scandalous and immoral behaviour was revealed concerning several of
the canons , which was said ," degraded the practice of religion
".In slackly governed and impecunious small monastries enclosing walls,
ditches or fences were apt to fall into decay. Repeated injunctions
circa 1270 for " a house of canons in Notts." to put its restraining boundaries
in order " , probably had reference to Felley . The 1276
process of election of a Prior of Felley, after the deposition
of Ralph de Pleasley , is recorded in Archbishop Giffard's register at some
length in a letter ( from the canons )asking for the election to be confirmed.
Episcopal licence to elect was read in the chapter-house on the 10th of July. "
On the morrow, after solemn celebration of Lady Mass, the chapter-house was
entered, and after singing the Veni Creator the method of election was
discussed. At length the canons decided to proceed by way of scrutiny, when it
was found that all had voted for Thomas de Wathenowe, one of the canons. On
Thomas giving his assent, he was conducted before the high altar with chanting
of the Te Deum and ringing of the bells. After prostrating himself in prayer,
the prior-elect was then led to the altar itself, which he kissed."The
archbishop's assent was humbly asked, and Giffard, who was then stopping at
Southwell, made formal confirmation of the election on 13th of July,1276.
The Felley priory had a grange at
Selston.Particularly at harvest time,there would have been great activity
between the two places.The labourers at Selston's tithe-barn being under
constant demands from the priory.
Selston Church - circa 1900 . (Postcard image by courtesy of
Mr.A.P.Knighton. )
England in Famine Years 1315 – 1317.Should this
web account so far reveal too little of the harshness of life in England in
those times,the following does not.In those years Fate was not disposed to
bestow kindnesses to anyone , for while Scots attacked and pillaged in the north
, throughout all England an aweful famine began . -The Times of
Want and Famine : Particularly 1315 – 1317.The national taste of
England, even to the present day , has continued to be that of our Saxon
ancestors . Plain joints of animal food, with bread and other preparations from
corn, have formed the main articles of sustenance of those who could afford the
diet.It would be an endless task to attempt enumerating all the
varieties of bread, from the wassal and manchet bread , made of the finest
flour, to the bread of treet , corresponding with our household bread; also
barley bread, and maslin bread, of barley, wheat, and oats mixed. Beans and
other coarse materials were made into a bread for horses, and in scarce times
the poorer classes were glad to obtain it. Even in ordinary times, before
harvest, food became scarce. Even a “ Piers Plowman †, speaking as (of) a
respectable farmer , would have posessed only a small supply of cheese, a few
curds and cream , with parsley, and leeks , and cabbages, oaten cakes, and
loaves of beans and bran , but would have hopes for better food after
Lammas.In Saxon times , and as in times before and after , the
uncertainty of the seasons , often brought scarcity . Then , and when there was
little or no opportunity to find substitute foods the prices varied exceedingly
. Nor could a man always give full attention be given to the cultivation of his
own land , for as a tenant he was liable at all times , to be called to attend
his feudal lord for forty days , or be obliged to serve on an expedition of
warfare against his Lord’s enemies , were it such as Wales or Scotland, or even
France. He could also be required to work on his superior's land for a certain
number of days, to the neglect of his own and his family’s needs.
.The Variable Price of Wheat : Some price examples – 1200 to 1557 .
In the twelfth century , wheat typically cost from 1
shilling to 2 shillings the quarter ; in 1270 , however its
price rose to 16 shillings the bushel ; In 1286 , the price
was initially 2s. 8d. , but then rose in that same year to 16 shillings the
quarter ; In 1388 , it was Is. the quarter ;
In 1317 , it rose from 6s. 8d. to 80 shillings ; In
1336, wheat cost 2s. the quarter ; From 1550 to 1560 ,
the price varied between 5s. and 8s. ; though in 1557 , for a short time
, it was £2.13s.4d. the quarter. Uncertainties .The
farmers sold all their corn soon after harvest time ; if the supply was
short it soon became exhausted , then the poor were driven to the most miserable
substitutes ; they died by thousands , literally from starvation. No idea can be
more false than that the period from the Conquest to the end of the civil wars
was a happy time for the lower classes. In a time of plenty food was abundant,
but they were harassed by hard servitude and cruel oppression, and years of
dearth (famine) frequently occurred. Ecclesiastics and nobles sometimes gave
freely to the poor; but when the time of scarcity came, all the food that could
be obtained was needed for their own establishments ; then the poor man had no
resource, no parochial provision for his relief. On several occasions the
scholars at Oxford and Cambridge were sent home , on account of the difficulty
in procuring sufficient food for their support.A WITNESS TO MISERY -
THE SHAMEFUL LACK OF CHARITY . Matthew Pans, a Benedictine
monk , particularly describes a dearth (famine) which occurred in
1233 , in his own times . Hunger and deadly sickness prevailed everywhere ;
the poor died from want of food in many places; there was little
disposition shown by the rich to assist those in need, and a most shameful want
of charity displayed by the prelates and dignitaries of the church. He relates
instances of covetousness in the archbishop of York, and a priest of that
diocese .The poor suffered more and more severely till the month of July, when
they crowded into the fields and plucked the ears of unripe corn , seeking thus
to prolong their miserable existence. How widely this statement of facts, by one
who himself was an ecclesiastic , differs from the visionary accounts ( false
stories ) which represent that the poor were supported by the clergy, and
abounded in the necessaries of life! More than 20,000 persons died from want in
London alone during this famine. When the seasons of , dearth came , the poor
were obliged to use (eat) the bark of trees, the flesh of dogs and horses , and
the most disgusting substances for food. Pestilence soon followed ; then the
people died by thousands , even though plenty had returned. In the prisons,
those who were confined are said to have fed upon the bodies of such as died,
and even to have slain a part of their number for food.The following
paragraph in part restates some points already made in the previous paragraphs
regarding times of want and famine but reveals other detail
also. In 1 3 1 5 , and the two following years, England was
struck by a severe famine. That was bad enough , but the general hunger was made
worse by a seeming well intentioned attempt by the King to limit prices of food
, for by his doing those with stores of food enough to trade immediately
anticipated the certainty of greater profits by their continued holding of their
goods . The price restrictions of Edward II did not succeed and eventually the
price of corn had risen twelve-fold . A quarter of wheat could be sold for six
pounds which was then a sum equal to the rent of 150 acres of land . Normally
the best price for a stalled ox was usually twenty-four shillings , that of a
fat sheep , fourteenpence - and sixpence more if the fleece had not been shorn.
The famine was aggravated as large number of servants were dismissed by their
masters. Those who were not absolutely essential servants - especially large
numbers who had been kept by the nobility and prelates were discharged from
their work in order to conserve the food held in their masters' stores and
larders , and , or , to reduce the cost of their masters' buyings . For many of
those made placeless , their only means of staying alive was by robbery or
plundering . In response people at large armed themselves . Many of the thieves
and plunderers " were caught and slain : other perished by the executioner. Some
that were taken and held in prison died by starvation . In those famine years
little thought was given to those in custody . They were left to perish (starve
to death) , or actually to feed upon each other! . In the terrible harshness of
that time , " there were grounds for believing that children were stolen and
eaten ." " The condition of England was particularly unhappy at this
period. Its people not only suffered by a general famine , so severe that
many of the poor died in the street; but its northern districts were also
continually ravaged by enemies while the King , oblivious to the public welfare
, engaged in frivolous pursuit. " BLACK DEATH , In 1349 Felley's
Prior ,John de Holebroke died of the Black Death and it is most probable that
others of the Priory and
Selston and Annesley localities suffered and died also . The black death was
an epidemic of plague that swept through England during 1348-9 , although its
recorded that England had suffered at least six outbreaks of a similar
disease during years before the great epidemic. The disease had originated
in Asia , probably in China , from where it spread westward round the
northern coast of the Black Sea to Constantinople amd then to the Mediterranean
ports . When it finally and inevitably reached England , the first outbreak
occurred in Dorsetshire in August of 1348 .From there it
spread via Bristol, Gloucester, and Oxford to London and then raged
throughout all England.It is thought that between one third and one-half of
the country's 5,000,000 ( five millions )population died during a single year .
In London it was said that 100,000 died ; and in Norwich, 60,000. Its
symptoms were much the same as those of bubonic plague , excepting that, in
addition to the buboes or boils, there appeared on the body dark blotches , from
which symptoms came the name 'Black Death.' The disease reappeared in 1361,
1362, 1367, and 1369 , and in Ireland in 1370. There were social and economic
consequences of the Black Death . Without the lost men and women there was a
widespread dislocation of trade , especially in agriculture . Felley Priory Today Felley Priory is today seen as a
long and low building upon a gently sloping hillside, half hidden by trees. Its
many gables,stone mullioned windows, pretty Tudor chimney- shaft, and a four
centred 16th century front entrance doorway opens to a long passageway that
leads to the dining,sitting and various other rooms . On each side of the
doorway are metal statues,a lion and a unicorn, both have a fine piece of spiral
topiary. Hidden below and within the Priory and its garden lie
remains of structures of earlier times. It is thought that the garden occupies
the site of the chapel and that some of the former cloister could be part
part of the structure of the oldest part of the present house. At the rear
of its north end are four semi-circular pillars with interesting capitals which
serve as gateposts at the garden entrance. It is believed that they were
part of the chancel arch of the priory church. A
fireplace inside the house has what is probably a prior's grave-slab, which has
been cut to shape, for a mantlepiece.
Felley Priory - A drawing of the
bulding as it was prior to the dissolution of the monastries : the picture's
original is in the British Library .
MONASTERY DETAIL Felley's Priory was not a monastery
or an abbey as some old maps show it . It was established as , and it
always remained , simply a small priory house .
However, the following typical details of a monastery building may be of
interest.A monastery, or abbey , whether large or small , was a
building (or buildings) and setting comprising rooms and features purposely
built or adapted for the needs of dedicated religious life .They were usually
situated on low lying sites , which afforded convenience for
fish-ponds , as fish formed a regular article of diet; and, generally,
the ruins of monasteries indicate fertile and even picturesque spots. The
church, or chapel, included the altar for celebrating mass, the lecterns or
reading-desks, seats, and kneeling places in the choir, adapted for the various
postures during the services. The rood-lofts were small galleries, in which
images relating to the crucifixion were placed; usually the cross, with Mary on
one side and the apostle John on the other. The confessionals, or boxes,
contained a chair for the confessor, and a grated side at which the penitents
kneeled and confessed their sins. Galilees were places or marks to ascertain the
spot from whence processions moved, and to which they were to return, and
sometimes open spaces used to assemble in for hearing sermons.
Side-chapels were dedicated to the virgin or saints, in which
private services were repeated. Galleries afforded passages round the upper part
of the building, and served to hang tapestry from on great occasions. The richly
adorned shrine was the place where the most respected images, or the most
venerated relics, were placed. Pulpits, organs, bells, clocks, stands for
lights, and other furniture, need not be described. In these buildings seven
solemn services ought to have been performed every day, besides masses and
sermons; but these frequently degenerated into merely formal aad irreverent
repetitions, while much disorderly conduct was manifested by those who
attended.The vestiaries were rooms adjoining the church, or
within its walls, where the priests habits were kept Those used in the services
of the church of Rome were very numerous and splendid. The complete vestments of
a single establishment often were worth sums equal to some thousands of pounds
of our present money.The refectory was a large hall, used for meals
with dresser, tables, and benches; it was placed so as to communicate with the
kitchen , pantry and cellar. The abbot's table usually was raised above the rest
of the apartment. Ar St.Alban's there was an ascent of fifteen Steps to it.At
the entrence was an inclosure called the lavatory,where The monks washed their
hands before and after maeals. The diet of the inmates varied according to the
rules of each monastic order .In some, many luxuries were Provided;in others
only plain and simple fare.The bill of fare on fish day,still preserved,contains
twenty-seven sorts of dishes. Psalms were sung,or passages from Scripture or
religious works were read during the meal .The chapter was a
room fitted up with rows of benches, principally used for inquiry into offences;
but some religious services were performed and various matters transacted in it,
connected with the discipline of the monastery. The dormitory,or
dortor,was a long room or building,usually divided by a number of partitions
into chambers,each lighted by a separate window;they were just large enough to
hold a bed and a desk.The cloister was a principal part of the
monastry,formed in general by four paved walks,covered overhead,surrounding a
green or open court.The different parts of the monastery communicated with the
cloister;there were seats and desks , so that the monks might use the cloister
for study or recreation, sheltered from the weather.It was the centre or general
place of conference. In some monastic establishments there were no
dormitories, but each monk inhabited a small room or cell; these cells were
built in ranges, and opened into the cloister, or lone passages. " The
infirmary was a hospital ward, with various apartments connected therewith;
it had a court or garden. In some orders , during the middle ages , the monks
were bled several times in the year, on which occasions they retired for three
days to the infirmary the sick were all removed to this building ; thus it was
the place where every monk expected to die ; the approach of the last hour was
carefully watched, and services performed appropriate thereto. Yet the solemn
considerations inspired by the reflection that this place would probably be the
last that was occupied by each inmate of the monastery, were often forgotten,
and the place was frequented on account of the license in diet and wine
permitted there. Monks would resort to the infirmary to enjoy a private
treat.The guest-hall usually was a separate building where
strangers were received and entertained, ft communicated with the kitchen and
servants' offices, also with a number of small bed-chambers. A guest- hall at
Canterbury was a noble room, 40 feet by 160; but the number of pilgrims who
resorted thither to the shrine of Thomas a Becket, probably was greater than to
any other similar place in the'&gdom- 100,000 are computed to have visited
Canterbury in a single year. la those days, when inns were few and inconvenient,
travellers resorted to monasteries for accommodation and lodging. This was given
without charge; but if the traveller could afford it he presented an offering
before he left the place Persons of rank were received with much attention and
honour; but all visitors were expected to depart on the third day. A rich man
was flattered, and excited to indulge himself; but a hint was to be given him as
to the quantity of wine he had drank to excite his liberality. The guests'
apartments in a monastery were especially the places for the gossip and news of
the day.The parlour, or loctory, was an apartment used mostly
for conversation, as the name implies. In some orders, talking was forbidden in
the other parts of the house. The parlour was the place to which persons were
admitted who had business with the inmates.The almonry was a
building, generally on the outer wall, where charity was given to the poor.
The library was a separate room, under the charge of a
particular officer, who might not allow the books to be removed or lent, without
a sufficient pledge for their return. Before the invention of printing, the
number of books was small; a large room for a library was not requisite. The
books in a monastery were, for the most part, volumes of scholastic divinity.
Those of history and
philosophy usually contained much that was erroneous and absurd. The catalogue
of Leicester Abbey does not contain a complete collection of the Holy
Scriptures. There were detached books, and parts, and monkish glosses. Some
monks might be able to use the Latin but English versions were not allowed.
There are records extant, which show that monks were punished for having English
Testaments in their possession. Leland describes the library of the Franciscans,
at Oxford: it was only accessible to the wardens, and a part the members; it was
full of cobwebs, moths, and filth, and contained no books of
value.The scriptorium, or writing-room, was a place set apart
for writing books, which was an employment for monks, from the earliest times,
and of great importance before the invention of printing. Many of these were
works were executed with much labour and skill, and richly
ornamented.The prison usually was a dungeon, very gloomy, and
though often used for criminals, doubtless maay suffered there for doctrinal
opinions, only because they were followers of the truth, though accused of
heresy, both monks and laymen. There is repeated mention in the bishops'
registers of persons sent to abbeys to be kept as prisoners for
heresy.The sanctuary was a part of the buildings con- nected with
the church, where offenders who had committed crimes were allowed to enter, and
remain protected from the officers of justice for a certain number of days,
sufficient for them to arrange their escape, in which the monks
assisted.The common-room, or house, was a place where the
monks met for recreation. A fire was kept there always in the winter; there were
no fires in the churches or lodging-rooms. A garden and bowling alley adjoined,
for summer recreation. Some abbeys had mints, places where money was
coined. This was a rude process, the blank pieces merely being struck with large
hammers, on which the die was cut. Also, there were exchequers, or
counting-rooms, fitted up with tables covered with cloths divided by lines,
to assist calculations as to receipts or payments of money; for these
establishments had many tenants, and considerable dealings.<BR.The
kitchens were large and spacious buildings, such. being requisite to prepare
food for numerous establishments. The abbot's kitchen at Glastonbury still
remains. " The engraving on page 366 represents this in its present state ; it
is thirty-three feet across, each way: the smoke and steam were conducted by
flues to the 'centre of the roof. The provisions for monasteries were usually
supplied by the tenants. In some orders, cleanliness was much neglected: mention
is incidentally made in one case, that the kitchen was swept out only on
Saturdays, and that the monks went thither to wash themselves and to comb their
hair. The bake-house does not require notice, except to state
that particular care was taken in every process preparing and baking the hosts
for the sacrament. Only persons of good character were to be employed, even in
carrying the flour. Silence was strictly to be observed during the making of
these thin cakes or wafers . The garden had the fruit-trees
and vegetables then known, and herbs for cookery and medicine. There were also
grass-plats, walks, and arbours, for exercise and recreation. Many of the monks
were employed in cultivating the gardens, a healthful and pleasant occupation .
The abbey-gate contained the porter's apartments. It is unnecessary to
enumerate dove-cotes, stables, cow, houses, and other out-offices, such as
bathing-houses. artificers' shops, etc., the uses for which are explained by
their names, which would then be needful. At that period most articles for
common use were necessarily made within these
establishments.Where preceding description applies to
monastic establishments upon a large scale; the various parts may be traced in
ruins that yet remain. The extent of some of these establishments may be judged
from a calculation made about thirty years ago, relative to the property
formerly belonging to Glastonbury Abbey. It was estimated that the lands
once possessed by those monks were let at that time for an annual rental of
£260,000 . The buildings of the abbey occupied a space of sixty acres . Five
hundred monks, besides servitors, were the inmates , and several hundred
strangers were entertained daily within its walls . Dissolution
of the Monasteries The first procedures and actions against the
monasteries of England and Wales were against the lesser houses , those that
were valued below £200 per annum . Since the gross annual value of Felley Priory at the Dissolution
was just £61 4s. 8d., with a net income £40 19s. 1d. Felley came in the lesser
houses category.The Priory was visited in 1 5
3 6 by the commissioners Legh and Layton , men who had been appointed by
Thomas Cromwell the vicar General to the King to enquire into the financial
position of religious houses . They duly reported the priory's yearly income.
Christopher Bolton who was the prior at that time was granted a pension of six
pounds per annum.Priory dissolution : the
William Bolles Gain . Upon the suppression of the priory in 1 5 3 9 it
was granted with its lands at Felley, including "
certain acres here reserved to the use of the household of the late prior, a
messuage, a granary, a water-mill called Felley Mylle " with
other properties to William Bolles. The grant specifies that a close called
Ollerschay, another called Corne Bradley and one known as Lamberstorth were
among former priory lands
then purchased.They must soon have returned to the Crown as Queen Mary sold
them in 1 5 5 1 to Sir Anthony Strelley who forthwith attempted to sell
them to the Earl of Rutland as an excellent investment, and when the earl
declined the offer Sir Anthony sold his ''woods at Ollershaw on the east side or
the water called Holwell Springs'' to the miller of Felley Mill for £30. It is
intriguing to think that this holy well may have been associated with the
hermitage .Again the Felley property of the old
priory reverted to the
Crown, James I selling it to " Anthony Millington to whom and his heirs "
for a rental of £17 3s. In 1 6 2 8 the son and heir of Anthony
Millington was a future regicide.There was a dispute between the King and and
His Parliament.When war broke out between the two factions , as a member of the
Long Parliament and Deputy Lieutenant of the county , he was marked out for
punishment by the Royalists. His home at Felley was seized and sacked
( to the certified extent of £1,713) and the house garrisoned for Charles .
In 1 6 4 4 Colonel Hutchinson reported a melee there as troops returning
with booty from Newstead Abbey were surprised by a Cavalier force while
foraying about Felley .
Nottingham troops were hurried up and saved the day."Note :
Gilbert Millington, the son of Anthony, was the best known of his family .
When in his sixties he had attracted scorn when he took a sixteen years old
alehouse girl for his second wife. As a member of the Long Parliament for
Nottingham .He was an active supporter together with Colonel John Hutchinson of
Owthorpe, of Parliament during the Civil War.Royalist troops from
the Marquis of Newcastle's army plundered and garrisoned Felley in the winter of 1
6 4 4 .Having been one of those who signed Charles the First's death-warrant
, in 1649 he was lucky only to be committed to prison for life, on the Island of
Jersey , where he died six years later , as many of his fellow regicides were
executed.On the Restoration of the Monarchy , the Felley Priory estate was
confiscated and granted to the Duke of York and Albany; but the Millington
family recovered it. The priory then remained the
property of the Millingtons until 1 7 0 3 when Gilbert the grandson died.
From then it passed by marriage to the Holdens of Nuttall. The last of them to
live at the Priory seems
to have been Millington Holden , who died about 1742.
Little of Felley Priory's monastic
buildings have survived . A fine Norman arch, part of the original fabric,
was standing until modern times , it was apparently the chancel arch of the
church .Its two responds ,though moved from their original position , are still
entire. Fragments of the arch itself remain lying about.The community of
Felley Priory was never numerous.
Its church probably only consisted of a nave and chancel , as was usually the
case with such small outlying priory churches of its order
not founded in parish churches.The head of a lancet window, which was once
thought to be the arch of a piscina , bears witness to work carried out in the
13th century , as does also a wall in the garden on the south of the priory, running east and
west . The wall may possibly have been one side of the refectory or have been
part of the infirmary building . The existing dwelling-house(ie
the modern Felley Priory house ) almost
certainly stands on the site of the buildings ranging along the west side of the
cloister, and a good 15th century doorway in its west front is very probably in
its original position , as is also the case with some buttresses, and a
considerable portion of the lower part of the wall of the west front. But the
house itself has , as a whole , been rebuilt since the dissolution of the priory , and the cloisters ,
with the other buildings surrounding them , are gone . Quotation :
-" On the west front of the house are two much mutilated stone
carvings of a heraldic character, locally believed to represent the lion and
unicorn I Some ancient chimney-stacks are ornamented with curious little lead
figures representing a stag’s head, collared. One concludes that this must be
the crest of one or other of the families who possessed Felley after the
Dissolution, but I am sorry to say I have not been able to ascertain anything
more about the matter. It is not the crest assigned to Bohle (of Haugh), nor
that of the family of Strelley . "From " The Victoria County History Vol 2" : "Thoroton
Society Transactions 1912 No 16" - by the Rev. M .Y. Baylay : -
The Lay Tenants and Owners . When the buildings and
properties were taken over by the Crown, the Felley Priory, site and lands were
leased to William Bolles , one of Cromwells Receivers of Monastic
properties.Bolles also bought lands at Osberton that had once belonging to
Worksop Priory . In 1
5 5 7 , Anthony Strelley and his wife Joan, one of Queen Mary's
gentlewomen, leased the site for a yearly rent of seventeen pounds and
three shillings. By 1603, that lease being lapsed, James 1st granted the site of
the priory to Anthony
Millington who converted some portion of the conventual buildings into a
mansion and demolished the remainder.The lion and unicorn on the west
side of the house are of his time and he could have placed them there in honour
of the king. Millington was responsible for the central gables and large
impressive chimney-shaft. The four-centred doorway and stone mullioned windows
are 16th century.Felley Priory (Mansion) House was
then occupied by farmers - one of whom, Thomas Hodgkinson,bought it in the
year 1 7 9 6 .
Above : A Modern Image of Felley Priory - from a 1992
black and white information leaflet published by the House .
" MODERN OWNERSHIPS BEGIN " : - Thomas Hodgkinson
sold the property in 1 8 2 2 to John Musters, who had married Mary
Chaworth in 1805 ,she being " Byron's "Bright Morning Star of Annesley "
.The house was let to a number of tenant farmers until in 1 8 8 6
Albert Cantrell Hubbersty, J.P., of Higham near Alfreton took it over, and
after adding the drawing room block on the south and the kitchen on the north
end lived in the house until 1895/6. Afterwards : Captain Gerard R. Oakes,
J.P. from Riddings tenanted , followed by his widow and his son , Charles Audoin
Oakes, until 1960 : during which time the flat at the north end of the west
front was built.Mr. Oakes gave up his lease in 1 9 6 0 and Major
Robert Chaworth-Musters came to live at the priory .During the
1960's the priory was
severely damaged both externally and internally by coal mining subsidence. Its
Tudor chimney started to lean requiring its top section to be taken down while
further subsidence took place . The chimney was rebuilt in 1 9 7 0 under
the direction of the Major and Mr.Wooley, an architect from
Nottingham.Major repairs were made to the house in 1 9 7 3 / 4 -
it being empty during this period. Major Chaworth-Musters resumed his residence
at the priory in 1974. Note : Felley Priory 's
address is : Felley Priory , Underwood , Jacksdale , Notinghamshire NG16 5FL
. END
BACK TO MENU PAGE
This web-page is part of The Haggs Farm Preservation Society's website.
E-Mail Contact :
___________________________________________________
Contact the Society's Chairman , Mr.Clive Leivers at : clive_leivers@hotmail.com
Or directly by Telephone on 01246 569 145 .
Credits ; - Rev. A.
Baylay, Felley Priory, Transactions of the Thoroton Society, vol XVI, 1912.
W E Doubleday, Nottinghamshire Villages - Felley . Nottinghamshire
Guardian, 20 April 1946 . Leaflet produced by Felley Priory House in
1992 . The British Library The Victoria County History Vol 2 - "
Thoroton Society Transactions 1912 No 16" , By the Rev.M.Y.Baylay . "The
Middle Ages of England" - The Religious Tract Society . 'Houses of
Austin canons: The priory of Felley', A History of the County of Nottingham:
Volume 2 (1910), pp. 109-12. URL:
www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=40089 . " Rambles In
Nottinghamshire and the Dukeries " by Bernard Reeves : published by the London
and North eastern Railway Company.
This week, stonemasons are carrying out the precise and delicate work of hoisting into place four diamond-matched slabs of giallo reale marble, which will form the centerpiece of the main sanctuary retablo, as the backdrop for the crucifix.
Coordinating slabs of giallo reale marble will also be used in our new Altar of Sacrifice, as well as in the side shrines of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Joseph.
Millions of years old and quarried earlier this year in Italy, these particular slabs of giallo reale were chosen for their warm tones of gold, yellow, cream, and auburn.
Learn more about our Christ at the Center project at: stcathtrumbull.com/christ-at-the-center
Tone plant to generate precise tones necessary with the advent of touchtome service. Everyhting is duplicated in case of failure.
Hi all, Precise identification please? Is it the granite sun orchid, or shirt (doesn't seem belled enough)? Or what? Found in area near Gidgeganup. with granite outcrops. By the track, on v poor gritty soil.
Thelymitra ?: 19th October
Explore 24-Oct-10: #480
Warangal Fort, in the present-day Indian state of Telangana, appears to have existed since at least the 13th century CE. Although precise dating of its construction and subsequent enhancements are uncertain, historians and archaeologists generally accept that an earlier brick-walled structure was replaced with stone by Ganapatideva, who died in 1262, and that his successors – Rudramadevi and Prataparudra II – added to its height and added gateways, square bastions and additional circular earthern walls prior to the latter's death in 1323. This places the construction towards the end of the Kakatiya period. There were later modifications between the 15th and 17th centuries, comprising principally the addition of barbicans to the four gates in the stone wall and the creation of gates in the outer earthern wall.
Remnants of the structure can be seen today near to the town of Warangal, which was the Kakatiya capital. The Archaeological Survey of India has listed the remains as a Monument of National Importance.
_____________________________
The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II, who ruled from A.D.1110 to 1158, extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (A.D.1158--1195) pushed the kingdom to the north up to the Godavari delta. He built a fort at Warangal to serve as a second capital and faced the invasions of the Yadavas of Devagiri. The next ruler Mahadeva extended the kingdom to the coastal area. In A.D.1199, Ganapati succeeded him. He was the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Velanati Cholas in A.D.1210. He forced the Telugu Cholas of Vikramasimhapura to accept his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade.
As Ganapati Deva had no sons, his daughter Rudramba succeeded him in A.D.1262 and carried on the administration. Some generals, who did not like to be ruled by her, rebelled. She could, however, suppress the internal rebellions and external invasions with the help of loyal subordinates. The Cholas and the Yadavas suffered such set backs at her hands that they did not think of troubling her for the rest of her rule.
Prataparudra succeeded his grandmother Rudramba in A.D.1295 and ruled till A.D.1323. He pushed the western border of his kingdom up to Raichur. He introduced many administrative reforms. He divided the kingdom into 75 Nayakships, which was later adopted and developed by the Rayas of Vijayanagara. In his time the territory constituting Andhra Pradesh had the first experience of a Muslim invasion. In A.D.1303, the Delhi Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji sent an army to plunder the kingdom. But Prataparudra defeated them at Upparapalli in Karimnagar district. In A.D. 1310, when another army under Malik Kafur invaded Warangal, Prataparudra yielded and agreed to pay a large tribute. In A.D.1318, when Ala-ud-din Khilji died, Prataparudra withheld the tribute. It provoked another invasion of the Muslims. In A.D.1321, Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country then called Tilling. He laid siege to Warangal, but owing to internal dissensions he called off the siege and returned to Delhi. Within a short period, he came back with a much bigger army. In spite of unpreparedness, Prataparudra fought bravely. For want of supplies, he surrendered to the enemy who sent him to Delhi as a prisoner, and he died on the way. Thus ended the Kakatiya rule, opening the gates of the Telugu land to anarchy and confusion yielding place to an alien ruler.
The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Anumakonda and Gandikota among the `giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the `vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the `jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the `sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.
Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories.
WIKIPEDIA & WIKIMAPIA
fashion blog, beautyblog, beauty blog, nyc expert last lip lacquer, nyc big bold & precise eyeliner, nyc big bold angel lash mascara, nyc expert last lip lacquer review, nyc expert last lip lacquer bare brooklyn, nyc big bold & precise eyeliner review, nyc big bold angel lash mascara review, essence all about nude eyeshadow, make-up studio cream eyeliner, essence blush up! blush pinky flow, face stokholm lip fix, too faced shadow insurance, nyx powder blush taupe, catrice colour correcting mattifying powder, the body shop tea tree flawless bb cream, nars radiant creamy concealer, hourglass veil fluid make-up, hema eyebrow pencil, nude lipstick, smokey eye, face of the day
MQCOLL-JML04125
Récolté à Lac-Beauport par J. Labrecque
Date de récolte: 2019-07-15
Habitat: bordure lacustre, dans sphaigne et petites herbes à environ 5-10 cm de l'eau, sur affleurement rocheux servant de base pour feux de camp, sous grosse épinette, viorne cassinoïde, kalmia, myrique baumier
Chapeau: jusqu'à 2,2 cm de diam.
Cuticule non viscidule, lisse, finement hygrophane par petites plaques
Odeur faiblement caoutchouteuse
Saveur: lait doux, chair douce à faiblement astringente
Lait blanc devenant incolore en séchant
Lames tachant de roux à la meurtrissure
Sporée blanc crème (entre A et B)
Proposition d'identification en 2019 (Lactarius carbonicola): J. Labrecque
Diving into the water with eyelid shut. He does it with precise timing and impact angle otherwise he risk breaking his neck. Seen here just at the point of impact with tail and wings acting as air brake fully deployed.
see flying colors below
www.flickr.com/photos/lonesomecrow/sets/72157628556202093...
Black-backed Kingfisher bathing
This is one of the smallest and fastest king around capable of speed up to 6-8 meters per second. It's a huge challenge trying to catch it in action. This guy loves to bathe. He is thrilled with delight every time after he dip into the pool. It plunges into the pool with such high speed that it literally vaporise the water in front of it. The perfectly designed water-proofing plumage prevent it from drowning, it helps to keep the bird stays afloat every time after every dive and never fails. Another interesting thing i noticed was that despite the high intensity dive actions, the pool remained perfectly clear and the sediments was not disturbed at all. From observations he bathe even on rainy weather I'm unsure if this behaviour is confined to this species or otherwise
This yellow bellied version bathe from 1800 - 1815. The pale bellied bath from 1845 - 1900 both emit sharp calls before flying off signalling the end of the bath. Another question is why these birds do not dip themselves in the reservoir but instead choose to bathe in the tiny pools along the forest streams at the edge of the reservoir. One reason it might be the preferred shallow fast flowing cool water.
One complete sequence from ingress to egress from the water surface takes about 2 seconds. In human terms, it's a very compressed timeframe. For the kingfisher, it's a leisurely pace.
All sequence are remotely taken thus totally eliminating any possible stress to the bird
@mcritchie, sg
Exercise PRECISE RESPONSE, is an annual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) exercise hosted by Defence Research and Development Canada at Canadian Forces Base Suffield where the Canadian Armed Forces along with NATO allies and partner Nations can practice essential CBRN defence skills in a multinational training environment.
Public Domain Book: The history of magic : including a clear and precise exposition of its procedure, its rites and its mysteries
by Lévi, Eliphas, 1810-1875
Published 1922
Exercise PRECISE RESPONSE, is an annual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) exercise hosted by Defence Research and Development Canada at Canadian Forces Base Suffield where the Canadian Armed Forces along with NATO allies and partner Nations can practice essential CBRN defence skills in a multinational training environment.
Cleveland has something really neat: a lake. Lake Erie to be precise, "the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area" (Wikipedia). It's gorgeous, and its shoreline hosts a beautiful park, Edgewater park. The park includes a pier, used by wandering souls, tourists, and people who like to fish.
This pier has been battered by the world around it, by weather, has been repaired, remodeled many times, and in turn features great textures.
I took my trusty camera, and captured sixteen of these great textures. I gently edited them, color-corrected them, and here we are. The set includes the original textures, negative versions, transparent versions, Bitmap TIFF versions, and vector versions.
These can be used for backgrounds, distressing, to give depth. Use the negative versions as aging artifacts on photos, by changing their blending mode to screen, and lowering the opacity to 25-50%. Have fun!
---
- Sixteen (16) raster textures, sized at 3264x2448 pixels
- Includes high contrast versions for softer effects
- Includes negative versions (screen textures)
- Includes Bitmap TIFF versions (ideal for vector work, without bogging down your machine)
- Includes transparent versions
- Includes vector versions (bonus vintage color palettes, sampled from 1960s-1970s packaging)
- Archive size: 3.42 GB
---
You should add your name to the Shop's mailing list at https://mailchi.mp/de8bed089b59/theshop. On the menu: new release sneak peeks, deals information, and other general updates from the factory floor. No spam, guaranteed.
So, I finally got my hand on a (used) standalone autoguider, a proevious-generation MGEN-2 to be precise. Why not classical laptop-baded guiding? Mostly because I don't have a permanent observatory, but I stead opted for a high-mobility rig, consisting of a folding carbon tripod, a classic Star Adventurer tracking mount, and Canon M50 Mk.II DLSM with lenses ranging from 22 to 1000 mm (and now the guider and guide scope). Everything is selected for fitting into a backpack and strictly battery-powered, either internally or by a USB power bank. Why not take a Dwarf or Seestar instead you might ask? First of all, these didn't exist when I started astrophotography, and when they came out I already had a critical mass of equipment, so... Also, I enjoy daytime photography too, and while some smart scopes can indeed do that, they're less handy for it than a traditional cam IMHO. So, mostly choices and opinions.
Now about the image: you see the large spiral of galaxy M106 at the bottom, as well as several smaller galaxies scattered across the field of view, among others the edge-on NGC4217, M106's satellite galaxy NGC4248 or the pair NGC4231 and NGC4232. I imaged them with the MC MTI-11CA 1000 mm f/10 Maksutov telephoto, which is just still compact and lightweight enough to fit my rig. Next to M106, which is about 23 million light-years from earth and, therefore, cosmologically speaking, rather close, careful observers may even spot the very faint, star-like dot of SDSS J121911.18+470707.6, a quasar that is roughly 10 BILLION light years away (you may need to download the photo in large size to see it).
Without guiding, this target was practically inacessible for me from home, since the Star Adventurer mount clearly wasn't designed for this kind of focal length and suffered from too large periodic errors. So I was restricted mostly to moon and sun (for which the lens performs very well indeed). However, these tracking errors can, apparently, be sufficiently compensated by guiding, as you see here. I'm still hunting for the best set of guiding parameters, but for a first try I'm quite satisfied!
Image information:
Lens/Telescope: MC MTO-11CA 1000 mm f/10 Maksutov-Cassegrain
Camera: Canon M50 Mk.II (unmodified)
Mount: Star Adventurer
Guide scope: TS Optics 50 mm mini guide scope
Autoguider: MGEN-2
Acquisition: 360 x 60s @ ISO3200
Stacking: Deep Sky Stacker (2x2 superpixels)
Processing: SiRiL, GraXpert, Fitswork, Affinity
Photographed from my home in the suburbs of Munich.
With precise attention to detail and using dimensions and specifications from the original rifle, the craftsmen at Turnbull Mfg. Co have re-created one of the most famous Winchester rifles ever produced. The production of this “TR Model 1876” will be limited to no more than 25 rifles. Each rifle will be individually numbered TR01-TR25 and will come in a custom display case. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of each rifle will benefit the Doug Turnbull Restoration Conservation Laboratory at the National Firearms Museum. Specifications: 45-75 caliber, button magazine, fancy pistol grip butt stock, 28" 1/2 round, 1/2 octagon barrel, steel grip cap, cheek piece stock, H-pattern checkering, checkered steel buttplate, Freund rear sight, sporting front sight, gold inlaid stock oval, color case hardened receiver.
Download link (on deviantart.com) : madeinkobaia.deviantart.com/gallery/#/d56k5zo
A wallpaper originally created for the Ubuntu 12.04 contest in March 2012 (see my gallery)
The package includes 8 wallpapers :
• 2 Versions : with / without the Ubuntu brandmark.
• 4 Resolutions :
2560x1600____16:10 (hdtv | widescreen)
1920x1080____16:9 (hdtv | widescreen)
1600x1200____4:3
1280x1024____5:4
| License
• The presentation picture (that including the concept, the composition etc.) is under a copyright license.
• Wallpapers are under a Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND :
BY = madeinkobaia + link to my homepage : madeinkobaia.deviantart.com
| Graphical Furniture
I used as model for the vector work a Pangolin picture done by Denes Emoke, you can find it here : [link]
Italy district
builds its frames with slow, precise movements that do little to encourage visitors to engage in idle chatter.
In the second room, which is as small as the first but still completely tidy, his son Jacques assembles a bicycle or repairs one belonging to a loyal customer. His wife ties or tightens the spokes on a wheel. Around them, there are never more than two or three people who are not ‘part of the service’. The conversations are those of connoisseurs. They know about gears. They have tried out the equipment. No, always in the utmost calm, they simply exchange a few bits of gossip about the latest races, those they have just competed in or watched on television.
Henri Depierre joined a bicycle manufacturer in Le Tréport at the age of fifteen. Even then, he was interested in racing frames and made a few at home, thanks to the advice of a specialist craftsman who had worked for a reputable frame manufacturer.
From 1940 to 1946, he competed in races as an amateur and moved to Paris, supplying custom-made frames to several frame manufacturers.
Then came the crisis of the 1950s for the bicycle industry, caused by the success of mopeds and the development of the automobile. After spending a few months at Arliguie, where he set up a workshop, Henri Depierre changed careers and began manufacturing... floor lamps.
In 1967, when his son finished his military service, he decided to set up his own business as an independent craftsman and builder. The seriousness of his design and construction methods and the new boom in cycling ensured the success of his company.
The frame design
Henri Depierre believes that the best way to make beautiful frames is to love your craft and to perfect your skills. It's a recipe that works as well as any other. But you still need to study the optimal dimensions and find a style. That's what he did, ‘like Chapman did for Lotus’, as one of his friends likes to say.
What is the ‘Gemini’ style?
It is based on two simple ideas:
- the angle of the seat tube depends primarily on the length of the femur, and does not simply vary according to the height of the frame;
- the design of the steering system has a decisive influence on the bike's handling on long descents.
(continued on p. 35)
This is a photo of the Jens Olsen World Clock at Copenhagen City Hall. It is the world's most precise mechanical clock and second only to Atomic Clocks for accuracy. It also has the slowest turning gear in the world.