View allAll Photos Tagged polymorphic
Fig. 1. Banding patterns of some positive RAPD markers. Y, Yashiro-mochi; T, Tsuyuake; R, resistant pool (10 plants); S, susceptible pool (10 plants). The arrows indicate the polymorphic bands.
books.google.com.ph/books/irri?id=331tQMnExkEC&pg=PA6...
Part of the image collection of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. The have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Photographed on Wellington's south coast.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea") and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, which was about 56 million years ago.
Butterflies have the typical four-stage insect life cycle. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several years to pass through their whole life cycle.
Butterflies are often polymorphic, and many species make use of camouflage, mimicry and aposematism to evade their predators. Some, like the monarch and the painted lady, migrate over long distances. Many butterflies are attacked by parasites or parasitoids, including wasps, protozoans, flies, and other invertebrates, or are preyed upon by other organisms. Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; other species are agents of pollination of some plants. Larvae of a few butterflies (e.g., harvesters) eat harmful insects, and a few are predators of ants, while others live as mutualists in association with ants. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts.
Illustrations on the morphological properties of the structure, created from the paper model (scale 1:50)
Design + construction: Werner Maritsas
Client: Onassis Cultural Center
learn pore here: wernermaritsas.wordpress.com/
Photographed on Wellington's south coast.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Consensus Bayesian phylogeny of the Daphnia pulex species complex based on the mitochondrial ND5 gene.The alignment contains 398 sequences of length 496 nt with 241 polymorphic nt positions of which 204 are phylogenetically informative (excluding the outgroup). Posterior probabilities are indicated on the nodes of the tree and are not shown if less than 0.80. The tree is rooted using an ND5 sequence from Daphnia obtusa. Triangles represent clusters that are collapsed to save space and the number of individuals included is shown in parentheses. The large letters indicate the three major groups within the D. pulex species complex: A = tenebrosa; B = pulicaria; C = pulex. The two or three-letter code names of some individuals correspond to sampling locations as follows: ARG = Argentina, BOL = Bolivia, CHI = Chile, CT = Connecticut, USA. The expanded version of this tree showing all individuals is available in Figure S1.
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea") and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, which was about 56 million years ago.
Butterflies have the typical four-stage insect life cycle. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several years to pass through their whole life cycle.
Butterflies are often polymorphic, and many species make use of camouflage, mimicry and aposematism to evade their predators. Some, like the monarch and the painted lady, migrate over long distances. Many butterflies are attacked by parasites or parasitoids, including wasps, protozoans, flies, and other invertebrates, or are preyed upon by other organisms. Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; other species are agents of pollination of some plants. Larvae of a few butterflies (e.g., harvesters) eat harmful insects, and a few are predators of ants, while others live as mutualists in association with ants. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts.
Daucus carota (wild carrot) "This is a polymorphic plant with a branching stem and deeply divided leaves. The umbels are large with a multitude of rays and the flowers white or purple, always with dark purple at the center. After flowering, the umbel closes to form a ball. The plant, which has a tuberous rhizome, is the progenitor of the cultivated carrot. Found in fields and on roadsides."
Tenerife.
Icod de los Vinos.
Mariposario del Drago.
The Great Mormon (Papilio memnon) is a large butterfly that belongs to the swallowtail family and is found in southern Asia. It is widely distributed and has thirteen subspecies. The female is polymorphic and with mimetic forms.
The butterfly is large with 120 to 150 mm span. It has four male and many female forms, the females being highly polymorphic and many of them being mimics of unpalatable butterflies. This species has been studied extensively for understanding the genetic basis for polymorphy and Batesian mimicry. As many as twenty-six female forms are reported
Photographed on Wellington's south coast.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Probably eating a still smaller damselfly (maybe a Citrine).
The most widespread species of Ischnura in the New World. Most of the USA, plus Mexico, Antilles, south to Chile and Hawaii (where it was introduced in 1973). Larvae in most wetland habitats, but only in coastal plain in ne USA. Preferred habitat includes heavily vegetated ponds, lakes, marshes and slow reaches of streams exposed to sunlight including brackish waters.
Found spring to fall, all year in much of Florida.
A polymorphic species, males will have either a bright green thorax or a bluish thorax, females have three forms; orange, olive (which this one is), or are male-like in coloration. There is an apparent lack of color preference by males, but there are selective advantages and disadvantages of various color forms in populations.
Both sexes will remain close to the water and although males are not territorial, females are known to be highly predaceous and often cannibalistic. Males often do not release females from the wheel position for several hours, and sometimes as many as seven, to secure their genetic contribution.
Species Name: Common Eggfly
Species Latin Name: Hypolimnas bolina
Also Known As: Great Eggfly, Common Eggfly, and in New Zealand it is known as the Blue Moon Butterfly
Native To: New Zealand, Madagascar, Asia, Australia
Photo Taken At: Melbourne Zoo
Wingspan: 7cm-8.5cm (2.8 – 3.3 inches)
Egg Description: Pale, glassy green with vertical ridges with exception to the top
Sub Species:
Hypolimnas bolina Bolina (Located in Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Western Bornea, Sulawesi, Salayar, Kabaena, Galla, Banggai, Sula, Maluku, New Guinea, Australia, and New Caledonia)
Hypolimnas bolina Constans (Located in Tasmania)
Hypolimnas bolina Enganica (Located in Engano Island)
Hypolimnas bolina Gigas (Located in Sangihe)
Hypolimnas bolina Incommoda
Hypolimnas bolina Inconstans (Located in Navigator Islands)
Hypolimnas bolina Jacintha
Hypolimnas bolina Jaluita
Hypolimnas bolina Kezia (Located in Formosa)
Hypolimnas bolina Kraimoku (Located in Lifu)
Hypolimnas bolina Labuana (Located in Labuan)
Hypolimnas bolina Lisianassa (Moluccas)
Hypolimnas bolina Listeri (Christmas Island)
Hypolimnas bolina Montrouzieri (Located in Woodlark, Fergusson, Trobriand islands)
Hypolimnas bolina Naresii
Hypolimnas bolina Nerina (Located in Timor – Kai, Aru, Waigeu, West Irian – Papua, Northen Australia – Eastern Victoria, Bismark Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Zealand)
Hypolimnas bolina Pallescens
Hypolimnas bolina Philippensis Located in the Philippines)
Hypolimnas bolina Pulchra (Located in Caledonia)
Hypolimnas bolina Rarik (Located in Lifu)
Description:
The males and the females are sexually dimorphic in that the male has only one form of appearance where as the female can come in a variety of different appearances.
As mentioned before the male of the species only has one common appearance and is referred to as being monomorphic. When viewed from above the male will have jet black wings save for the three large white dots on each wings. Their wings will also feature white trimmings on the edges of their wings.
The females of this species can vary in terms of appearance when it comes to the colouration of their wings. These changes are primarily seen on the dorsal/top down portion of their wings where there is a variety of different expressions of the colours white, orange and blue markings. The colouration of their wings are generally darker if the butterflies develop in cooler environments.
It is believed that the female has evolved to express various colourations of other butterfly species as a form of mimicry. As an example the female butterfly further to the west where this species can be found the female will be monomorphic instead of polymorphic. It is believed that this is the case as it will mimic the species of butterfly of the oriental and Australasian butterfly genus Euploea which are poisonous to eat (Species also commonly known as Crow butterflies, Reference link: Euploea - Wikipedia)
Feeding and Breeding Plants:
The butterflies have been noted to breed on the below plants:
Arrowleaf Sida
Also known as: Rhombus-leaved Sida, Paddy's Lucerne, Jelly leaf, Cuban Jute, Queensland-hemp, and Indian Hemp.
Medically known as: Kurumthotti in Ayurvdic medicine.
Latin Name: Sida rhombifolia
Reference link: Sida rhombifolia - Wikipedia
Elatostema cuneatum
Latin Name: Elatostemma cuneatum
Reference Links:
Elatostema cuneatum PFAF Plant Database
Elatostema cuneatum - efloraofindia (google.com)
Common Purslane
Also Known As: Little Hogweed or Pursley
Latin Name: Portulaca oleracea
Reference Link: Portulaca oleracea - Wikipedia
Hawaii Woodnettle
Also known as: Hen's Nette
Latin Name: Laportea interrupta
Alternate latin names: Fleurya interrupta & Urtica interrupta
Reference Links:
Laportea interrupta (lucidcentral.org)
Laportea interrupta - Useful Tropical Plants (theferns.info)
Fleurya interrupta: info from PIER (PIER species info) (hear.org)
Five Stamen Burrbark
Latin Name: Triumfetta pentandra
Reference Links:
Triumfetta pentandra - Useful Tropical Plants (theferns.info)
Species profile—Triumfetta pentandra | Environment, land and water | Queensland Government (des.qld.gov.au)
Chinese Violet
Latin Name: Asystasia
Reference Links:
Asystasia - Wikipedia
Asystasia travancorica | GardensOnline
Asystasia, Chinese violet | Central QLD Coast Landcare Network (cqclandcarenetwork.org.au)
Pastel Flower:
Also known as: Love Flower, Night andAfternoon
Latin name: Pseuderanthemum variabile
Reference Link: Pseuderanthemum variabile - Wikipedia
Sweet Potato:
Latin Name: Ipomoea batatas
Reference Link: Sweet potato - Wikipedia
Lesser Joyweed:
Latin Name: Alternanthera denticulata
Reference Link: Alternanthera denticulata - Wikipedia
Nodeweed:
Latin Weed: Synedrella nodiflora
Reference link: Synedrella - Wikipedia
During the larvae/caterpillar stage they will tend to feed on the following plants:
False Stinger:
Also known as: Native Mulberry, White Mulberry, White Nettle, Amahatyan, and Ghasooso
Latin Name: Pipturus argenteus
Reference Link: Pipturus argenteus - Wikipedia
Common Nettle:
Also known as: Burn Nettle, Stinging Nettle
Latin Name: Urtica dioica
Reference Link: Urtica dioica - Wikipedia
Mallow:
Latin Name: Malva
Reference Link: Malva - Wikipedia
In New Zealand these butterflies it has been noted that these butterflies will feed on the below plants:
Shrub Verbenas:
Also known as: Lantanas
Latin Name: Lantana
Reference Link: Lantana - Wikipedia
Spider Flowers:
Latin Name: Grevillea
Reference Link: Grevillea - Wikipedia
Hebe:
Latin Name: Hebe
Reference Link: Hebe (plant) - Wikipedia
New York Aster:
Latin Name: Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
Reference Link: Symphyotrichum novi-belgii - Wikipedia
Pepino Dulce:
Also known as: Pepino, Pepino Melon, Melon Pear, Tree Melon
Latin Name: Solanum muricatum
Reference Link: Solanum muricatum - Wikipedia
Behaviour:
The males are noted to be quite territorial, they will return to a specific location in order to defend it from other males for up to 54 days. The males will generally prefer territories where it is easier to spot female butterflies of the same species. When protecting their territory the male will generally rest somewhere keeping watch roughly 2 meters (6.6 feet) above ground.
Unlike other species of butterflies the female will generally only lay about one or two legs at any given time. These eggs will usually be laid on the underside of the chosen host plant. The female is known to stay around after laying her eggs to defend her eggs from potential threats such as ants.
The eggs will hatch after three days and the caterpillars will then proceed to eat the leaves of the plant they hatch on. Shortly after the caterpillars will disperse and become quite mobile in search of more food as they mature. It is noted that the caterpillars will generally not pupate on the plant they originally hatched on.
Further Reading (general information):
Wikipedia: Hypolimnas bolina - Wikipedia
Aus E Made: Common Eggfly Butterfly – Ausemade
Brisbane Insects: Common Eggfly Butterfly, Varied Eggfly - Hypolimnas bolina (brisbaneinsects.com)
Lepidoptera: Hypolimnas bolina (butterflyhouse.com.au)
Toohey Forest Environmental Education Centre: Common Eggfly (eq.edu.au)
Dat.: Feb. 28. 2017
Lat.: 46.34740 Long.: 13.58290
Code: Bot_1033/2017_DSC00206
Habitat: grassland, on the edge of light mixed wood and bushes, under Corylus avellana bush; locally flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous ground; semi dry, half sunny, quite open place; elevation 470 m (1.550 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: brown soil.
Place: Bovec basin, left bank of river Koritnica, north of village Kal-Koritnica, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: Helleborus niger is another plant, which fuels my admiration year after year. Its large, up to 10 cm in diameter, snow-white flowers (when young) with their unusual structure (large white 'petals' are actually sepals!) are very beautifully shaped. But they are not only white! Many other shades from yellow, greenish, vividly pink, wine-red, to purple can be found during their growth. The first flowers already appear in earl winter, sometimes even in late November, if the weather allows and bloom well in April, even in May on cool places with lot of snow during the winter. The plant is a floral element of south and east Alps It is widely exploited in horticulture. Helleborus niger is especially valued in Japan, where Helleborus societies are establish, which organize trips to European places where displays of wild growing plants can be admired.
In west Slovenian in Upper Soča river valley and elsewhere Helleborus niger is too common plant to be truly admired. In February and March there are zillions of plants flowering everywhere, in forests, on grassland and especially along wood edges. On many places they represent the most dominant flowering plant not only during late winter but also in early spring.
How many species genus Helleborus comprise is still an open question. The number varies from 5 to 20, depending on to whom you trust. Many of them are extremely polymorphic and any kind of intermediate forms can be found.
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). However, protected are only underground parts and seeds (Oo category). Protected also in some other EU states.
Ref.:
(1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 122.
(2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 100.
(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 276.
(4) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 127.
(5) P. Skoberne, Zavarovane rastline Slovenije (Protected Plants of Slovenia), Mladinska Kniga (2007) (in Slovenian), p 103.
The Mangrove Salt Marsh Watersnake is a brackish marsh specialist, inhabiting coastal stands of red and black mangrove trees in the Florida peninsula. Most populations are polymorphic, exhibiting black and red color phases. I found this adult black phase male in a shallow lagoon in the lower Florida Keys.
Mauna Loa Strip Road, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.
Māmane is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is highly polymorphic, growing as a shrub or tree, and able to reach a height a height of 15 m (49 ft) in tree form. Yellow flowers are produced in winter and spring.
It inhabits low shrublands, high shrublands, dry forests, mixed mesic forests, and, rarely, wet forests. It can grow at elevations of 30–2,900 m (98–9,500 ft), being limited by the tree line. Māmane is most common and grows the tallest in montane dry forests at elevations of 1,220–2,440 m (4,000–8,000 ft). Māmane is essential for the endangered palila (Loxioides bailleui), which feeds almost exclusively on the plants' immature seeds when these are in season. It also nests in the māmane branches. Caterpillars of Cydia moths also eat the māmane's seeds, and in turn are being eaten by the palila. Both the bird and the larvae utilize the embryo only, leaving the seed coat untouched. To other animals, māmane seeds are highly poisonous. House Finches die within minutes after eating the seeds. The māmane employs a two-layered biochemical defence system: The seed coats contain some 4% phenolic compounds, which give them a vile taste. They are also somewhat toxic and have a high fibre content. Seed predators trying to eat the seeds will probably not killed but at least have a nasty experience. Should a predator be able to penetrate the seed coat, the embryo contains deadly quantities (>4% of dry weight) of quinolizidine alkaloids. The palila and the moths, however, have evolved the ability to deal with the poisonous compounds.
Hyles euphorbiae euphorbiae (L.), (Sphingidae)
Common name: Spurge Hawkmoth
Major hostplants: Herbaceous species of Euphorbia, especially E. paralias, E. cyparissias and in southern Europe, E. characias
Larva in this photograph is feeding on Euphorbia paralias.
Taxonomic note: Within the Hyles genus there is a complex of species, subspecies and forms, all closely related to Hyles euphorbiae and all of which are highly polymorphic with an amazing variety of colour forms, some geographic in nature, others environmental. The Hyles euphorbiae complex is rather difficult to classify for it would seem to be in the process of diverging into a number of species.
Visit: tpittaway.tripod.com/sphinx/h_eup.htm for full details about this species.
May 24, 2008 Elaphonisi islet (7)
Drosera cistiflora is a widespread highly variable and polymorphic species of sundew from the western Cape region of South Africa. there is tremendous variation in flower size and color as well as stem and leaf morphology. For this region, there are current research efforts to identify and reclassify this 'species' into multiple classifications. The late afternoon light provided a spectacular setting for these images.
Be awed ~ aim ~ shoot and sometimes there are hidden surprises! Found this gem while looking for other photos to morph into an artistic project. From More About"... The water lily is the first link. The snail eats the water lily. The crayfish eats the snail. The bullfrog eats the crayfish. The Northern water snake, which is the last link, eats the bullfrog. As each link in the food chain gets eaten, it passes some of the energy stored in its body to the next link in the chain."
Baffling Atmosphere - What are your Favorite emojis? 🍑 😝 👽 🌎 🐝 #ozwyz #woahart #vibrant #dazzling #odd #glitchcore #polymorphic #painting #futuristic #oddvideo #seattleartist #gayartist #bisexualartist #digitalartist #hypnoticvisuals #seattlelife #lovewins #mirror #instagood #noise #surreal #shimmer #ambience #funky #divine #multicolored #seattle #variegated #contemporaryart instagr.am/p/CcyhTlhvMVv/
Photo copyright 2010 James Laurie.
Doris’ Longwing, Heliconius (Laparus) doris is an odd member of the genus with differently shaped wings and gregarious larvae. It occurs from sea level to 1,800 m in forest clearings. It ranges from Central America to the Amazon. Usually individuals fly rapidly (unusual for most longwings) and in the middle story. Heliconius doris populations are polymorphic in parts of the species distribution, with blue, red or green coloration
at the base of the dorsal hindwing.
Illustrations on the morphological properties of the structure, created from the paper model (scale 1:50)
Design + construction: Werner Maritsas
Client: Onassis Cultural Center
learn pore here: wernermaritsas.wordpress.com/
Photographed on the Wellington Coast north of Plimmerton.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Presence of oridonin when mapped onto a molecular phylogeny of Isodon.Phylograms represent strict consensus of most parsimonious (MP) trees, using sequence data from the chloroplast (rps16, trnL-trnF; strict consensus of 140 MP trees) and nucleus (ITS; strict consensus of 390 MP trees). Presence of oridonin is indicated by dark colored branches. Taxa reported polymorphic for oridonin production (some populations produce oridonin, others do not) are shown with an asterisk. Samples newly sequenced for this study are shown with gray shading. Parsimony bootstrap (BS) values are shown above branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown below branches. Support values are shown only for branches with BS>75. Outgroup taxon (C. xanthanthus) used for ancestral state construction not shown.
Arbusto, hibrido natural entre Ilex cornuta e Ilex integra. Muy polimorfo, con ejemplares de hojas de margen entero o dentado hacia el ápice.
Es nativo de la Isla de Wando, en Corea del Sur. En iturraran se encuentra en las zonas 1 y 2.
Shrub, hybrid natural between Ilex cornuta and Ilex integra. Very polymorphic, with specimens of leaves of entire margin or dentate towards the apex.
He is a native of Wando Island, in South Korea. In Iturraran is located in areas 1 and 2.
The grove snail or brown-lipped snail (Cepaea nemoralis)
Easy to confuse with the similar Capaea hortensis - The White-lipped Snail. When the identity of an adult individual is questionable, and it is necessary to distinguish the two species, a dissection can be used in order to examine the anatomy: the structure of the love dart is quite different in the two species, as are the vaginal mucus glands.
I was a biology geek in school and we a good few trips counting snails , drawing diagrams ...they probably get to play with digi cameras now Sigh...... but if you care a brief and overly simply bio lesson ......all these snail in pictures are the same species Cepaea nemoralis it gets studied a lot in biology cos its polymorphic (within the species it has many physical forms ). On grassland you tend to find just the pale ones, cos the darker snails are very visible to feeding birds and therefore fail to pass on their genes to the next generation . But you get wildly differing types in structually diverse environments like this wood the banding good camouflage for the "stripeys" hanging out on the knots while the "pale snails" prefer the leaves .
Phylogenetic trees based on FAFLP and multigene sequence analyses. A. Polymorphic fragments were subjected to allele calling in Genotyper (Applied Biosystems, USA) and allele scoring was recorded in a binary format.This binary data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree (please see methods). B. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on consensus multigene alignment which involved concatenation of individual gene sequences corresponding to rpoB, recA, sodA, rrn16 and hsp65. Bootstrap values conveying significance of the internal branch topology are clearly marked near each branch. Values above 50 were deemed to be significant to convey correct topology of the internal branches.
Arbusto, hibrido natural entre Ilex cornuta e Ilex integra. Muy polimorfo, con ejemplares de hojas de margen entero o dentado hacia el ápice.
Es nativo de la Isla de Wando, en Corea del Sur. En iturraran se encuentra en las zonas 1 y 2.
Shrub, hybrid natural between Ilex cornuta and Ilex integra. Very polymorphic, with specimens of leaves of entire margin or dentate towards the apex.
He is a native of Wando Island, in South Korea. In Iturraran is located in areas 1 and 2.
Juvenile, foreground, adult, rear.Note the pale colour of the juvenile's legs compared to that of the adult's.
Photographed on the Kapiti Coast near Wellington.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Pictured at Matiu/Somes Island, Wellington, New Zealand. The variable oystercatcher is a species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'.
"Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. The have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Pictured at Matiu/Somes Island, Wellington, New Zealand. The variable oystercatcher is a species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'.
"Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. The have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea") and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, which was about 56 million years ago.
Butterflies have the typical four-stage insect life cycle. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several years to pass through their whole life cycle.
Butterflies are often polymorphic, and many species make use of camouflage, mimicry and aposematism to evade their predators. Some, like the monarch and the painted lady, migrate over long distances. Many butterflies are attacked by parasites or parasitoids, including wasps, protozoans, flies, and other invertebrates, or are preyed upon by other organisms. Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; other species are agents of pollination of some plants. Larvae of a few butterflies (e.g., harvesters) eat harmful insects, and a few are predators of ants, while others live as mutualists in association with ants. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts.
Visiting one of my mothing lights set up at cabin 3 at Brendan T. Byrne State Forest, here in the Jersey pinelands.
A interesting note on the bottom moth it is a is an undescribed species of Dolichomia (now called Hypsopygia) that seems to be a Barrens specialist and ranges from the Smoky Mts to eastern LI and Cape Cod.
Arbusto, hibrido natural entre Ilex cornuta e Ilex integra. Muy polimorfo, con ejemplares de hojas de margen entero o dentado hacia el ápice.
Es nativo de la Isla de Wando, en Corea del Sur. En iturraran se encuentra en las zonas 1 y 2.
Shrub, hybrid natural between Ilex cornuta and Ilex integra. Very polymorphic, with specimens of leaves of entire margin or dentate towards the apex.
He is a native of Wando Island, in South Korea. In Iturraran is located in areas 1 and 2.
Photographed on the Wellington Coast north of Plimmerton.
A species of wader in the Haematopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'. "Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants. Blacker birds are more common in the south. All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and red beaks. They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively. Once mated pairs rarely divorce. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island Pied Oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. After breeding they may even form small flocks of their own. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the SIPO - SIPO are around 550 grams. Occasionally totally black but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called 'smudgies'. They feed on molluscs, crabs and marine worms. After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms. They can open a shellfish by either hammering a hole in it or getting the bill between the two shells (of a bivalve) and twisting them apart. They breed in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. They do not breed inland or beside rivers although the SIPO does. They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed. When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound. They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25-32 days. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The bird lives up to about 27 years.