View allAll Photos Tagged pigmentation
The equivalent of albinism in animals, erythrism results from the inheritance of two recessive genes for the absence of pigmentation. Normally the katydid colour palette runs the gamut of greens, browns and yellows, colours which keep them camouflaged and aid in their survival. Although it has been hypothesized that pink coloration may increase survival rates amongst red vegetation it is much more likely that the genetic anomaly decreases fitness by increasing the insect's visibility to predators. Therefore it is likely that most individuals with this condition don't survive long and rarely make it to adulthood, which made this discovery all the more noteworthy. Found during a night hike in Vohimana reserve, Madagascar.
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Nerodia sipedon
July, 2011. New Jersey.
A large, freshly shed female Northern Water Snake found crossing a road in the early morning. I've never seen a Northern Water Snake with this amount of red pigmentation, I thought she was totally photo worthy.
This yearling Dusky Pigmy Rattlesnake lacks all red, orange, and yellow pigmentation, a genetic condition known as anerythrism. In the Apalachicola National Forest, about 10-20% of the individuals I encounter show this character. A normally colored pigmy rattlesnake of this age should have a red vertebral stripe and a bright yellow tail-tip.
It's simply amazing that the pigmentation of these ancient paintings has survived the erosion of time. It’s a special experience, and a real memento mori, to see these in person.
This blond fur seal has a condition called leucism that results in reduced pigmentation.
I photographed this rare seal at Shingle Cove, on Coronation Island in the South Orkneys.
Go to Page with image in the Internet Archive
Title: Ueber sympathische Färbung und die Pigmentbildung bei Barsch und Forelle : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der hohen veterinär-medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Bern
Creator: Lehmann, Adalbert
Creator: Universität Bern. Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät
Creator: Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publisher: Coblenz : Krabbensche Buchdruckerei
Sponsor: Jisc and Wellcome Library
Contributor: Royal College of Surgeons of England
Date: 1906
Language: ger
Description: At head of title: "Aus dem veterinär-anatomischen In[s]titut."
Inaug. --Diss. --Bern, 1906
Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-39)
This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Macho adulto de A. palliata palliata con pigmentación anómala en la parte terminal de la cola y las dos patas. Este fenotipo es similar al anteriormente observado en individuo Pinilla-01, pero este individuo es macho adulto y habita en otro sector de la Hacienda Pinilla.
Esté animal forma parte de un grupo de al menos 12 individuos.
Código de individuo: Pinilla-02
Grupo: Pinilla-G2 (n=12 individuos)
Lugar: Hacienda Pinilla, en sendero de montain bike próximo a playa Langosta
El animal se encontraba junto a otro individuo descansando en la copa (ca. 25 m de altura) de un carago (Cassia grandis). El resto del grupo de estaba descansando a unos 50 m de allí, en un árbol de guanacaste.
Coordenadas: 10° 16' 25.7"N , 85° 50' 40.2"W, 24 msnm
Fecha: 27/06/2021, hora: 11:00 am
Créditos:
Óscar M. Chaves
Más información con:
Óscar M. Chaves
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica
email: ochaba@gmail.com
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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Family: Calopterygidae
Genus: Calopteryx
Species: C. virgo
Binomial name
Calopteryx virgo
The male usually has much more extensive pigmentation on the wings than other Calopteryx species in its range: in the south east of its range (the Balkans and Turkey) the wings are entirely metallic blue while in other areas, there are clear areas at the base and tip of the wing. Immature insects often have much paler, browner wings. They have metallic blue-green bodies and blue-green eyes.
The female has dark brown iridescent wings, a white patch near the tip of the wings (called a pseudopterostigma) and a metallic green body with a bronze tip of the abdomen
Females lay up to 300 eggs at a time on emergent or floating plants, often on water-crowfoot. Like the banded demoiselle, they often submerge to do so. The eggs hatch after around 14 days. Again, like the banded demoiselle, the larva is stick-like with long legs and develops over a period of two years in submerged vegetation, plant debris or roots. They usually overwinter in mud or slime.
The larvae of the beautiful demoiselle develop over 10 to 12 stages, each of which takes place between a molt. The body length is variable and highly dependent on environmental conditions. The final stage (F-0-stage) larvae are 3.5 to 4.6 millimeters and weigh about 4 milligrams, slightly below the banded demoiselle. Apart from the larvae of the demoiselles are difficult to distinguish from each other, the apparent differences lie mainly in the bristles and the severity of the tracheal gills on their abdomen. Compared to other damselflies demoiselles larvae fall immediately on the other hand, due to their much shorter mean gill lamella.
The body of the larvae shows only a relatively small adjustment to the fast-flowing waters of their habitat. The body is not flattened but very slim and turning around, the legs are long and have its end with strong claws, with which it can be stated in the vegetation. Because they reside within the water body, but mainly in the quieter areas, the danger of being swept with the flow, is relatively low. If this happens, they clearly its long body and legs stretched as far as possible to get in touch with the vegetation or the substrate to come.
The distribution of the beautiful demoiselle covers all of Europe with the exception of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and Iceland. In the north it extends to the Arctic polar sea, and thus much further north than that of the banded demoiselle. On the North African Mediterranean coast, its southern populations in Morocco and Algeria can be found.[1] The northern boundary in Asia following the 13-°C July isotherm, it is therefore not in the areas where the average temperature in summer below 13 °C falls, otherwise they are met with in temperate and cool regions in the entire continent with the exception of deserts and the mountains of. The eastern subspecies of C. v. japonica found on the Japanese islands is under debate as to whether it is a separate species. The beautiful demoiselle is mostly found in lowland locations. Regular findings come from areas up to a maximum height of 980 m above sea level. Occasionally they may be found up to 1,200 meters in altitude, such as in the Alps.
The blue-winged demoiselle lives mainly near small to medium sized streams and creeks. They prefer a relatively low water temperature and a moderate to fast flow. The water must not be nutrient rich (eutrophic). In the northern part of their range, such as in Norway and Finland, it is also found near medium-sized rivers or even larger streams. The waters are usually in the immediate vicinity of forests.
The larvae live in the streams mentioned before and are mainly dependent on the water plants. The larvae need the stems and leaves, especially in areas with stronger currents to hold on. Hence it is extremely rare to find them in barren locations, flat expiring banks, or areas with a smooth stone floor. They also live in small natural lakes or ponds characteristic for limestones bedrock. They live in quieter areas between alluvial leaves or on exposed roots of the vegetation. They can be found on submerged plants such as waterweed (Elodea sp.), floods for water crowfoot (Ranunculus fluitans) or other plants,submerged from a few centimetres to several decimetres. Compared with the larvae of the banded demoiselle the larvae of the blue-wing demoiselle prefer quieter areas of the water, since slower flow causes a more effective absorption of oxygen under water. Only in very rare cases the larvae are present in stagnant water. The substrate of the river has only a very minor importance, because the larvae reside mainly in the vegetation. An important factor for the occurrence of blue-wing demoiselles is the oxygen in the water. The larvae is much more sensitive to oxygen deficiency than the larvae of the banded demoiselle, hence it needs a sufficient oxygen saturation of the water. Waters with high levels of sediment and sludge, which is consumed by bacterial decomposition of oxygen are, accordingly not as a habitat for the larvae. This sensitivity qualifies it in water chemistry as a bioindicator for the assessment of water quality. Thus they will be an indication of value in the saprobic assigned of 1.9, which represents a low to moderately polluted waters type (β-mesosaprob) and a water quality class from I to II does. Another key factor for the occurrence of the larvae of the blue-wing demoiselle is the temperature of the water. This species prefers unlike the banded demoiselle, mainly the cooler and shadier areas of the water. The optimal temperature is a summer average 13 to 18 °C. At temperatures above 22 °C were often injuries of larvae observed and also a reduced hatch ability of eggs. The main reason is the oxygen content under higher temperatures. Individual populations may get used to permanently higher temperatures.
The habitat that the adults occupy, corresponds to the nearby larval habitat. Unlike the adults of the banded demoiselle you meet those of the beautiful demoiselle but also in forest clearings, but very rarely on the banks of larger ponds. As resting places, the animals need trees and shrubs, often resting on high herbaceous plants such as the large nettle ( Urtica Dioica ). The breeding habitats are similar to the Larval habitat, these are cool, shady water-courses largely with a more or less strong current and near-natural vegetation and bank structure. This is mostly meadow and pasture streams in the area, they rarely pass through the forest. A distinct riparian vegetation also plays a role as a windbreak. Due to their broad wings the beautiful demoiselle can be blown away by the wind more easily than other species of dragonflies.
Males are territorial, perching in bankside plants and trees. They chase passing insects, often returning to the same perch. Males can stray well away from water, females live away from water unless egg-laying or seeking a mate.
As with the banded demoiselle is also in the blue wing-demoiselle a pronounced territorial behavior of sexually mature males. These days occupy territories that they defend against other males. The defense consists mostly in threatening gestures. For this they spread their wings and put them on display so clearly visible, there is also Drohflügen and in rare cases to air combat between rival males. Optimal areas correspond to the optimal nesting places for the females and are characterized by a normally increased flow and a suitable oviposition substrate in the potential breeding sites from. The size of the spots and their distance apart is the density of the population dependent as well as the occurrences of the water and may be between several meters and a few decimetres. Males who do not occupy spots can keep themselves in the vegetation on the shore and try to mate with fly to females or to fill vacant spots. Especially when only a few males are present, the territorial defense is very aggressive, with a higher number of competing male aggression but decreases significantly. The males sit in their areas mostly in exposed places in the vegetation, which extends over the water, sometimes on vegetation or rocks cushions amid the waters. This seat is waiting at the same time the center of the district they do their gaze primarily on the aquatic center and will show a behavior that is referred to as "wingclapping" and in which the wings beat quickly down and slowly lifted. It is believed that it is mainly used for communication, it also supports the ventilation in the thorax and accordingly probably also plays a role in thermoregulation of the animals
Click on image to view on black in the light box.
A visit to the Butterflies Live! exhibit at the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden last summer exposed us to several butterflies we had not seen before. A major reason for going was to take our granddaughter, Isabella, then 6; she loves butterflies. We enjoyed seeing them, as well. Materials were available at the exhibit to help identify the various butterflies, and I found more information on line through Google searches, trying to learn what we had seen. This Blue Morpho is one of many species of Morpho butterflies; the lower surfaces of the wings (below) are very different from the upper surfaces seen above. The blue coloration is said to be be the result of iridescence rather than pigmentation, causing exact color to depend on the viewing angle. It was difficult to get a picture of the upper wing surfaces because the butterflies typically closed their wings promptly upon landing, and in flight they flitted rather erratically. Morpho butterflies are said to be found mainly in South America, but can also be found in Central America and Mexico.
Butterflies Live! returns to the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden this year, May 24-October 13.
Hembra adulta de de Alouatta palliata palliata comiendo estípulas de Ficus sp junta a juvenil dependiente. Obsérvese la coloración naranja de la piel abaja de las patas.
Código de individuo: Uvita-01
Lugar: Restaurante Mirador de Don Roger, Uvita, Bahía Ballena, Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Hábitat: parches de bosque humedo secundario.
Coordenadas: 9°08´39.52´´N, 83°43´27.49´´ W
Fecha: /abril/2020
Créditos: Christian Zúñiga Gutiérrez
Para consultas sobre el proyecto contactar al Dr. Óscar M. Chaves, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Email: ochaba@gmail.com
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The white tiger or bleached tiger is a leucistic pigmentation variant of the Bengal tiger, and Siberian tiger, and hybrids between the two. It is reported in the wild from time to time in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, the Sunderbans region, and especially in the former State of Rewa. It has the typical black stripes of a tiger but carries a white or near-white coat.
Leucistic birds have less pigmentation than normal, so they will appear white or pale, in varying degrees. This is not an albino since there is some pigmentation and the eyes are not pink.
Leucism is a general term for the phenotype resulting from defects in pigment cell differentiation and/or migration from the neural crest to skin, hair or feathers during development. This results in either the entire surface (if all pigment cells fail to develop) or patches of body surface (if only a subset are defective) having a lack of cells capable of making pigment.
Canada Goose climbing away from the pond being chased. No pigmentation so the bird is an Albino Canada Goose.
Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula ? )
Seems to have some sort of pigmentation abnormality, as any grackle at this point has molted juvenile plumage...
JMC Quadrant
Baltimore, MD
2014/03/03
This bird has blue eyes and a small dark patch on its head. This morph is said to be leucistic because it displays some pigmentation. A very rare bird. Albinism manifests as pink eyes and no pigmentation in the plumage.
..."The plumage color of the males is produced from carotenoid pigments in the diet.[10] Coloration is produced from both red pigments and yellow carotenoid pigments.[11] Northern Cardinal males possess the ability to metabolize carotenoid pigments to create plumage pigmentation of a color different from the ingested pigment. When fed only yellow pigments, males become a pale red color, rather than a yellow.[11]..." (From Wikipedia)
Females choose males who are good at finding food and a bright red male is a sign of a healthy industrious bird. However, they can get red coloration without being healthy from a nutritionally poor honeysuckle plant thus misleading a female and possibly not producing the best and strongest offspring.
www.science20.com/anthrophysis/has_anthropogenic_disturba...
Note: A variety of fruits and berries is good for developing red coloration --such as dogwood berries (there are many dogwoods in my yard)
The blackest Toad I've seen. I saw this at the edge of a very peaty loch in South Ayrshire when surveying for water voles. Presumably its the peaty surroundings that have led to it's pigmentation. Interestingly I saw many juveniles that were the more usual brownish colour.
Detail of stem showing a purplish-red pigmentation with raised nodules - distinguishes this species from native (to Ontario) congener (H. maximum).
I know this is not a very good picture, but I just wanted to share this find. It's a leucistic American Robin. Actually it has partial leucism. Leucism is a reduction in pigmentation. Partial leucism shows up as white patches, as you can see here on the bird's face. You see it a lot on Rock Pigeons. Check for it the next time you see one (or dozens, which is more likely).
Thanks for all your comments and faves!
Member of the Flickr Bird Brigade
Activists for birds and wildlife
Poets who write racist hidden poetry
to irritate hate only hate irrigate
pigmentation prone rewards
as racism cultivate
A white American Robin, or piebald Robin, had been sighted in Boulder, and I finally saw it several days ago. These are also called piebald or leucistic Robins--a condition caused by lack of proper development of pigment cells. Piebald and partially leucistic animals typically have patches of normal pigmentation mixed with patches of white. This Robin's head and parts of the wings and tail have normal pigmentation, but most of the body is white and parts of the wings are white.
Cría de Alouatta guariba clamitans de aprox. 2-3 meses con coloración anaranjada-rojiza (feomelanismo) junto a su madre.
Lugar: Sitio Querencia, Itapuã, ciudad de Viamão, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Código de individuo: RS-02
Fecha: 29/06/2017
Localización: bosque ripario atrás de la prefeitura de la vilha Itapuã, Viamão, Rio grande do Sul, Brasil
Coordenadas: (revisar en GPS..)
Créditos: Miguel
Para consultas sobre el proyecto contactar al Dr. Óscar M. Chaves, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Email: ochaba@gmail.com
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Misma hembra adulta ("Alemoã") de aullador rubio mostrada en fotos 1 a 3. Como se puede ver, coloración es totalmente rojiza-amarillenta tipica de animales con hipomelanismo. En la espalda carga una cría de varios meses.
Lugar: Sitio Querencia, Itapuã, ciudad de Viamão, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Código de individuo: RS-01
Fecha: 14/12/2018
Coordenadas: 30°17'39.4"S, 51°00'42.9"W
Créditos: Erica do Amaral
Email: ericadoamaral@gmail.com
Para consultas sobre el proyecto contactar al Dr. Óscar M. Chaves, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Email: ochaba@gmail.com
Laguna Colorada
Laguna Colorada (Red Lagoon) is a shallow salt lake in the southwest of the altiplano of Bolivia, within Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve
The lake contains borax islands, whose white color contrasts nicely with the reddish color of its waters, which is caused by red sediments and pigmentation of some algae.
James's Flamingos abound in the area. Also it is possible to find Andean and Chilean flamingos, but in a minor quantity.
Through a digital process of converting colour images to black and white while manipulating the colour channels, I have studied the skin through lifestyle of humans. Skin pigmentation, sun damage, diet choice are some of the factors that get picked up in this style of digital manipulation.
- Taken with Hasselblad H3D
Model: Samuel Morris
Lighting Assistant: Natalie Jade Reading
Digital Assistant: Ella Tebbutt
Photography and Post-Production: Fox Willis
© 2013 Fox Willis All Rights Reserved
Chronic inflammation affecting the cornea will lead sometimes lead to hyperpigmentation. It is referred to as keratitis (inflammed cornea).
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Cells are made up of cells, called pigmentation cells. But due to many changes in warmth and our food and air, these cells form groups together in our chemicals. And when we go in the sun, these groups of cells turn black as soon as they come in the sun:- bit.ly/2HTaduC
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Proportionally developed, well nourished body of the muscular type. The hair is light yellowish brown. The skin is rather pale, with a tan pigmentation on exposed areas. The pupils are round, moderately widened and equal. The visible mucous membranes, after previously completed embalming, are pale. Deeply in the nasal and pharyngeal cavities a layer of clotted blood is visible. Dentition is well preserved. Rigor mortis, after injection, is present; lividity is absent.
Injuries:
Head: Between the eyes, across the nose, are three entry holes of pellets; two more around the left eye and three in the left temporal region.
Neck and Chest: On the left side of the neck, around the collar bone, are four penetrations; two on the right side at the same level; one in the left 4th intercostal space close to the sternum bone (at the center' of the heart); and four in the left axillary region. One, under the arm, is of larger diameter, close to 1 cm.
Left shoulder and Arm: Around the shoulder, about a dozen of grazing or penetrating injuries. The left arm bone (humerus) is severely destroyed by several large penetrations, the arm is shortened and swollen, deformed.