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PANDORA Abundance Of Love Openwork Charm
Colour: White Material: Enamel Metal: Two Tone Stone: No stone Showcase your abundance of love with this delightful hand-finished charm by PANDORA. Feminine silver enamel hearts set on sterling silver merge in an openwork design, beating with 14ct gold hearts.
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A Tina Richard Herman design published by Shepherd's Bush: "French Openwork". Designed as a sampler, but I made it into a sachet for my particularly precious and heirloom handkerchiefs. I enjoyed doing this because there was such a variety of stitches. I needed a magnifier for some rows!
The iconostasis of the 18th century with a collection of icons from the 17th-19th centuries is the brightest example of the high artistic skill of icon painters and wood carvers. The four-tier iconostasis with openwork carving is made in the Baroque style and includes 75 icons, some of them are Stroganov's painting.
Gold openwork ear spools of deer with tuquoise inlay. Moche, 640 AD - 680 AD. Tomb of the Lord of Sipan. From the Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipan, Lambayeque, Peru. Special Exhibit, Golden Kingdoms: Luxury and Legacy in the Ancient Americas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA. Copyright 2018, James A. Glazier.
I finished knitting but haven't washed and blocked it yet. I think I am going to redo the bind-off because it is a little bit tight.
Built in 1897 by Ewan Harper to replace an earlier chapel. The openwork spire is a local landmark. Closed in 2009 due to structural problems together with the congregation joining with St. Luke’s as an Ecumenical Church called The Bridge based on the St. Luke's site.
The building has been sold for commercial use and a planning application has been submitted for the demolition of the building and development for housing. It is hoped that the spire can be saved in some way.
Four early twentieth century "turtle mark" (Schildkröt) dolls made by the Rheinische Gummi- und Celluloidfabrik, Mannheim.
From left to right:
1) celluloid shoulderhead marked with a turtle in a rhomb, rivet-jointed cloth body, fixed brown glass eyes, worn mohair wig;
2) celluloid shoulderhead marked with a turtle in a rhomb (nose cracked), rivet-jointed leather body, celluloid lower arms, (worn and mended) cloth lower legs, fixed brown glass eyes, human hair wig;
3) celluloid shoulderhead marked with K&R (the "&" in a six-pointed star) over a turtle without a rhomb, i.e. made by Schildkröt for Kämmer & Reinhardt (Waltershausen, Thuringia) ca. 1900, leather rivet-jointed body, celluloid lower arms (fingers of the right hand broken off), blue glass sleeping eyes, blond mohair wig (dissolving);
4) celluloid shoulderhead with moulded hair marked with a turtle without a rhomb (tip of nose worn away), fixed brown glass eyes, rivet-jointed leather body, porcelain lower arms (one missing).
The Kämmer & Reinhardt doll is the only one wearing a complete set of antique clothes - camisole, drawers, petticoat and dress, with pale blue openwork stockings and leather shoes (with their original metal-tipped laces). The others are redressed in appropriate clothes made from antique materials (the girl with the dark plaits is wearing vintage or antique combinations underneath, her "sister" with the moulded hair has her original drawers and very worn stockings underneath her replacement clothes).
Detail of the band. Cut sections are 4 x 4 threads, bars between them are also 4 threads wide.The four-sided stitch outline is worked with one strand of the cotton and the rest of the work is done with 2 strands. I started this yesterday and finished it today, 28/03/11.
Borobudur is the world’s largest Buddhist temple. Built in the 9th century, construction is estimated to have taken 75 years. Its nine levels are divided into three tiers: 5 concentric square terraces, 3 circular platforms, and 1 monumental stupa. The circular platforms hold 72 openwork stupas, each with a sitting Buddha statue inside. The temple was abandoned around the 14th century.
The Borobudur Temple Compounds—Borobudur Temple plus the smaller Mendut and Pawon Temples situated along a straight axis off to the east—were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.
On Google Earth:
Borobudur 7°36'28.65"S, 110°12'13.75"E
And now, finally, I reveal the outcome of this very special project initiated by a drawing of Marietta.
First, the "dress", the basis of this set.
It is composed of three separate elements.
- A blouse, almost entirely in old cotton lace, left transparent, with the cuffs and collar of ruffled cotton muslin, edged with fine lace. A fake pearl necklace and a jewel adorns the chest.
- A sleeveless dress using the same model as the Malina dress.
The top of the dress is cut in a dotted swiss fabric, ivory dots on white background. And the skirt is fashioned from a beautiful cotton lace embroidered sometimes as a "broderie anglaise" sometimes as an openwork "venice lace".
In addition, I added a bouquet embroidery on the bust, suggesting two-tone gold and silver, with a subtle mix of pearls and silk ribbon underlined by rayon thread.
The rest of the skirt is lightly beaded to evoke the glint of some snowflakes that would be lost there.
- A tulle petticoat, trimmed by a small and dense tulle ruffle and highlighted by a beaded silk ribbon.
Since this dress will be worn by a custom Vanilla, I used mine as model...
The frosted berries were made by me. The leaves are made of polymer clay, varnished and falsely frosted after baking and berries are made with beads, also frosted.
Gold and silver mouth cover with seated dogs with jadite inlaid eyes and stepped pyramids. Moche, c. 400 AD. Tomb of the Lady of Cao, Huaca Cao Veijo, El Brujo, Peru. From the Museo Cao, Magdalena de Cao, Peru. Special Exhibit, Golden Kingdoms: Luxury and Legacy in the Ancient Americas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA. Copyright 2018, James A. Glazier. We visited El Brujo when the site was under excavation, years ago.
Silvered and gilt openwork bronze coffin handle in the form of an apotropaic bat monster. Found in Tomb #1 of Liu Sheng, d. 113 BC, Mancheng, Hebei, China. Chinese, Western Han, 112 BC. From the Hebei Provincial Museum, Shijiazhuang. Special exhibit: Age of Empires: Chinese Art of the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C.–A.D. 220). Metropolitan Museum, New York, New York, USA. Copyright 2017, James A. Glazier
Sword-guard (Tsuba)
Japanese, Muromachi Period, 16th century
Attributed to the Kyoskashi School
Openwork design of plum blossoms
C15 and C16 (bequests for construction recorded as follows: 1427 nave, 1453 and 1474 tower, 1467 porch, 1534 to "covering the church"). Restored 1854-77 by R.M. Phipson. Flint with ashlar dressings and slate roofs. West tower, nave and chancel. 3 stage tower supported by diagonal buttresses. Tower plinth decorated with flushwork trefoiled arcade. Arched west door with wave mouldings below square hood. Carved spandrels. 4-light west window with Perpendicular tracery. String courses between storeys. Square ringing chamber ventilation holes with openwork tracery wheels. 2- light quatrefoiled belfry windows. Flushwork crenellated parapet with stepped merlons. Tower stairs to south east. Buttresses emphasised by chequered flushwork at junctions with tower. Angle buttresses to west end of nave, stepped side buttresses to flanks. Gabled south porch with diagonal buttresses emphasised by chequered flushwork as tower. Moulded arched doorway. Wrought iron porch gates by Fitt and Parke of Stalham, mid C19, with arrowhead finials to verticals. Inner doorway moulded with waves and hollows. Arched side lights. Arched north door with double wave moulded jambs, as have the 3 3-light Perpendicular nave windows to each side. Stepped side buttresses to chancel separate 2 2-light mouchette windows. Arched priests' door to south. Window jambs moulded as nave. Diagonal east buttresses. 4-light Flowing east window by Phipson. Interior. Double wave and hollow moulded tower arch with semi-circular responds on polygonal bases and capitals. Similar chancel arch responds carrying hollow and keeled roll moulded arch. C15 screen of 3 bays right and left of ogeed central opening. Lights to bays ogeed and cusped below rising tracery mullions. C13 Purbeck marble octagonal font with 2 arches to each facet of bowl. Bowl supported on central shaft and 8 columns (one missing) of later date. C19 nave roof of principals on arched braces and 2 tiers staggered taper-tenoned butt purlins. Chancel roof similar but with one tier purlins. Sedilia and piscina in chancel of cusped and sub-cusped arches under square hood. EH Listing
July Birthstone Bracelet
Our July Birthstone Bracelet is made with our decorative openwork birthstone heart charm in sterling silver featuring a synthetic ruby stone. Enhanced by two Pandora sterling silver clips on our Moments Silver bracelet with heart Clasp, this set is a perfect and unique gift for anniversaries, Birthdays or any other important occasion.
Special Price: £119.98 Buy now: www.pandorasale2012.com/pandora-birthday-bracelet.html
A sitting Buddha without its perforated stupa dome at Borobudur.
Borobudur is the world’s largest Buddhist temple. Built in the 9th century, construction is estimated to have taken 75 years. Its nine levels are divided into three tiers: 5 concentric square terraces, 3 circular platforms, and 1 monumental stupa. The circular platforms hold 72 openwork stupas, each with a sitting Buddha statue inside. The temple was abandoned around the 14th century.
The Borobudur Temple Compounds—Borobudur Temple plus the smaller Mendut and Pawon Temples situated along a straight axis off to the east—were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.
On Google Earth:
Borobudur 7°36'28.65"S, 110°12'13.75"E
At the end of May 2020, while still on lockdown, but restrictions eased, we went for our morning walk from the Edstone Aqueduct and then along part of the Stratford-on-Avon Canal in Warwickshire, before turning back towards the aqueduct.
Edstone Aqueduct is one of three aqueducts on a 4 miles (6 km) length of the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal in Warwickshire. All are unusual in that the towpaths are at the level of the canal bottom. At 475 feet (145 m), Edstone is the longest cast iron aqueduct in England. It crosses a minor road, the Birmingham and North Warwickshire railway and the trackbed of the former Alcester Railway. There was once a pipe from the side of the canal that enabled locomotives to draw water to fill their tanks.
The aqueduct is a Grade II* listed structure.
Grade II* Listed Building
Aqueduct and Attached Railings (That Part in Wootton Wawen Cp)
Listing Text
SP16SE
1457-1/5/189
WOOTTON WAWEN
SOUTH STRATFORD CANAL
Aqueduct and attached railings (that part in Wootton Wawen CP)
04/01/90
II*
Also known as: Wootton Wawen Aqueduct SOUTH STRATFORD CANAL.
Aqueduct. c1812-16, with late C19 alterations and repairs.
English bond grey brick piers, and regular coursed stone and
brick abutments; some late C19 engineering brick. Wrought-iron
girders and cast-iron trough and railings.
14 tapering piers, with narrow sides refaced in engineering
brick. Abutments partly of engineering brick. 2 openwork
girders to each span. Trough has tow path at base rather than
water level. Railing to tow path side only.
Carries the South Stratford Canal, constructed between
1812-1816. See also Aston Cantlow CP.
(Hodgkinson HR: Transactions of the Birmingham Archaeological
Society: 88).
Listing NGR: SP1620260919
This text is from the original listing, and may not necessarily reflect the current setting of the building.
Went down a hill with a banister for some views, not sure if you could go in the field. Climbed back up using the banister.
♥ Commercial use printable digital fine white wedding frame with dove, flourish and two rings
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Bronze incense burner in form of a lion
Openwork decoration
11th-12th century A.D.
Production Tecnique :Casting
Gold openwork hollow bead of spider in web with the body as a male portrait head. Moche, 300 AD - 390 AD. Tomb of the Old Lord of Sipan (Tomb 3), Sipan, Peru. From the Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipan, Lambayeque, Peru.
Special Exhibit, Golden Kingdoms: Luxury and Legacy in the Ancient Americas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA. Copyright 2018, James A. Ferguson.
Very old work, one of my first comissions (and my first photos), but a littel bird made me realise it wasn't in the albums so... fixed!
Una labor de hace bastante tiempo, en realidad, uno de mis primeros pedidos (y de mis primeras fotos), pero un pajarito me chivó que se me había colado así que... arreglado, ya está en flickr :)
____
¿Te gusta y quieres uno? Contacta conmigo en needlesup@gmail.com
Do you like it and want one for you? Contact me at needlesup@gmail.com
The Leeds Cross is a collection of fragments of probably tenth-century stone sculpture that has been reassembled into a cross, now on display in Leeds Minster.
History
The fragments were found in the fabric of Leeds Minster when the tower of the old church was demolished in 1838. The architect, Robert Chantrell, noticed a collection of carved stones built into the medieval architecture, some of them forming the cross. Representations of the Four Evangelists appear between distinctive interlaced decoration dating to the 10th or 11th centuries. The cross currently stands within the church and is an important example of Anglo-Saxon sculpture. It is also the most complete example of a number of depictions of the legendary smith Weland and Beaduhild, the mother of his child, from tenth-century Yorkshire.
Leeds Minster, or the Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds (formerly Leeds Parish Church) is the minster church of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the site of the oldest church in the city and is of architectural and liturgical significance. A church is recorded on the site as early as the 7th century, although the present structure is a Gothic Revival one, designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell and completed in 1841. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and was the Parish Church of Leeds before receiving the honorific title of "Minster" in 2012. It has been designated a Grade I listed building by Historic England.
History
The building
A church at Ledes is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, although it is likely that there had been a church on the same site for much longer, as evidenced by the fragments of Anglo-Scandinavian stone crosses (known as the Leeds Cross) found on the site during the construction of the current church. The church was rebuilt twice, after a fire in the 14th century, and again in the 19th century. Walter Farquhar Hook, Vicar of Leeds from 1837 until preferment as Dean of Chichester in 1859 was responsible for the construction of the present building, and of the revitalisation of the Anglican church throughout Leeds as a whole. The architect was Robert Dennis Chantrell.
It was originally intended only to remodel the church in order to provide space for a larger congregation. In November 1837 a scheme was approved under which the tower would have been moved from the crossing to the north side, the chancel widened to the same breadth as the nave, and the north aisle roof raised. When work began, however, it was discovered that much of the structure was in a perilous condition, and it was decided to replace the church completely. The new building was the largest new church in England built since Sir Christopher Wren's St Paul's Cathedral erected after the Great Fire of London and consecrated in 1707. The new parish church was rebuilt by voluntary contributions from the townspeople at a cost of over £29,000 and consecrated on 2 September 1841. Florence Nightingale and Dr Edward Bouverie Pusey were among the congregation and Dr Samuel Sebastian Wesley played the organ.
The east end was altered between 1870 and 1880.[1]
The parish church became Leeds Minster in a ceremony on Sunday 2 September 2012, on the 171st anniversary of the consecration of the building. Leeds is one of three minster churches in the county of West Yorkshire, the other two being Dewsbury Minster and Halifax Minster; there are two cathedrals in the county, Bradford Cathedral and Wakefield Cathedral, and Ripon Cathedral, in North Yorkshire, is in the Anglican Diocese of Leeds.
The parish
The rambling parish of Leeds covered an area of 21,000 acres. It included in it the out-townships of Allerton, Armley, Beeston, Bramley, Farnley, Gipton, Headingley, Holbeck, Hunslet and Wortley; Adel and Whitkirk were separate parishes. On founding the Benedictine Priory of the Holy Trinity, York in 1089 Ralph Paynel granted it the right to appoint the priest and collect the tithes from the parish of Leeds. Over years, many out-townships established local chapels of ease to save parishioners the trek to the parish church: Bramley's, founded by monks at Kirkstall Abbey, may have been first, followed by Farnley's from about 1240, Beeston's from 1597, Headingley's from 1616, and Armley and Wortley's from 1649. In the town itself, the parish church was supplemented by St John's Church on New Briggate in 1634 and Holy Trinity Church on Boar Lane in 1727 (both of which remained in the Parish of Leeds). The nineteenth century saw a large number of new Commissioners' Churches built throughout the parish.
Following the English Reformation, the right to appoint the parish's priest passed between different owners until 1588, when a group of parishioners bought it, putting it in the hands of Leeds's people.
A proposal in 1650 to divide the parish came to nothing, but in 1826 St Mark's Church in Woodhouse gained its own parish district and in 1829 St Stephen's Church in Kirkstall followed suit. However, in the 1840s two parliamentary acts provided for the creation of a wave of parishes: the Spiritual Care of Populous Parishes Act of 1843 and Walter Hook's Leeds Vicarage Act of 1844. Under the former act were created the parishes of St Andrew's (1845); St Philip's (1847); Holy Trinity, Meanwood (1849); All Saints (1850); St John's, Little Holbeck (1850); St Matthew's, Little London (1851); St Jude's, Hunslet (1853); St John's, Wortley; St Michael's, Buslingthorpe; St Matthias's, Burley; St Barnabas, Little Holbeck (1854). Under the latter act were created the parishes of St John's Church, Briggate (1845); St Saviour's (1846); St Mary's, Hunslet (1847); and St Michael's, Farnley (1851).
Architecture
Cruciform in plan, the minster is built in ashlar stone with slate roofs, in an imitation of the English Gothic style of the late 14th century, a period of transition from the Decorated to the Perpendicular. The church is 180 feet (55 m) long and 86 feet (26 m) wide, its tower rising to 139 feet (42 m). The chancel and nave each have four bays of equal length with clerestories and tall aisles. The tower is situated at the centre of north aisle. Below the tower on the north side is the main entrance. The tower has four unequal stages with panelled sides and corner buttresses terminating in crocketed turrets with openwork battlements and crocketted pinnacles. The clock was made by Potts of Leeds.
The north face of the church
The windows exhibit Perpendicular tracery and there is a five-light east window from 1846 containing glass collected on the continent. At the east end the sanctuary has a marble arcade with mosaics by Salviati of Venice, and the reredos is made of coloured marble and alabaster by George Edmund Street.
A peal of 13 bells was cast by Mears in 1842. These bells were then recast into the current peal by John Taylor of Loughborough in 1932. The tenor bell weighs 40 long cwt 1 qr 27 lb (4,535 lb or 2,057 kg).
The organ, parts of which date from 1841 and earlier, is essentially a Harrison and Harrison of 1914 vintage, but incorporating significant amounts of pipework by Edmund Schulze. It was restored in 1927 and 1949 by Harrison and Harrison; in 1965 by Wood, Wordsworth and in 1997 by Andrew Carter. The restoration of the blowing plant and refurbishment of the blower house were undertaken in 1997 by Allfab Engineering of Methley.
Among many artefacts and memorials in the Minster are the Anglo-Saxon Leeds Cross (an Anglian cross to the south of the marble pavement known as the altar flat) the pieces of which were discovered in 1838 when the medieval church was demolished. There is also a brass commemorating Captain Oates of Scott's Antarctic expedition, who had Leeds connections. Flemish stained glass enhances the apse of Chantrell's interior – he designed the windows to fit the glass – and of more recent date (1997) is Sally Scott's Angel Screen at the north tower porch entrance, an example of contemporary glass engraving and a gift from the family of Lord Marshall of Leeds. The Christopher Beckett memorial and most of the architectural sculpture is by Robert Mawer.
Outside in the churchyard, facing out onto Kirkgate, is the Leeds Rifles War Memorial, which was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled on 13 November 1921. It is separately a grade II listed building.
Interior of the Minster
The Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds is in the Diocese of Leeds (which has its cathedrals at Ripon, Wakefield and Bradford), in the Parish of Leeds City along with the Georgian Church of Holy Trinity, Boar Lane and the congregation of St Mary's Lincoln Green worshipping weekly in the Hall of St Peter's Church of England Primary School, Cromwell Street, Burmantofts. The minster is at the easternmost extremity of the city centre, within a precinct bordering two of the city's oldest thoroughfares – Kirkgate (now part of the Inner City Loop Road) to the north, and The Calls to the south. Another ancient pathway, High Court Ings, connects the western precinct with High Court.
The Reverend Canon Paul Maybury is the Incumbent, licensed in December 2022.
Work with young people undertaken by the parish includes The Market Place drop-in centre.
During choir terms there are at least three choral services each week sung by an adult chamber choir of skilled volunteers and choral scholars drawn from Leeds and York Universities as well as Leeds Conservatoire. There is a weekly organ recital from September to July inclusive on Fridays at 1 pm, featuring the resident organists and guest recitalists.
Leeds Minster is a member of the Greater Churches Group. Sir John Betjeman in a BBC Broadcast remarked that: "There's High Church, Low Church and Leeds Parish Church".
The church is illuminated at night by floodlights donated by Tetley's brewery.
The building is open to visitors, Tuesday to Saturday 11 am to 2 pm and during worship on Sunday.
The Minster archives are held at the Leeds office of West Yorkshire Archive Service. The church has memorials to families who were prominent in the parish, including the Kitchingman, Fenton, Lodge, Milner, Cookson, and Ibbetsons.
Present
On 2 September 2012 Leeds Parish Church became a minster; it may be designated the pro-cathedral of the new Diocese of Leeds if the diocesan bishop so decides.
Vicars of Leeds from 1220 and Rectors of Leeds from 1991
Hugo 1220
Alanus de Shirburn 1242
Johannes de Feversham 1250
Galfridus de Sponden 1281
Gilbertus Gaudibus 1316
Alanus de Berewick 1320
William Brunby
William Mirfield 1392
Johannes Snagtall 1391
Robert Presselew 1408
Robert Newton
William Saxton 1418
Johannes Herbert 1424
Jacobus Baguley
Thomas Clarell, 1430
William Evre B.D. 1470
Johannes Frazer (Bishop of Ross) 1482
Matrinus Collins 1499
Robert Wranwash B.A. 1500
William Evre 1508
Johannes Thompson
Johannes Thornton
Christopher Bradley 1556
Alexander Fawvett 1559
Robert Cooke B.D. 1590
Alexander Cooke B.D. 1615
Henry Robinson B.C. 1632
Peter Saxton M.A. 1646
William Styles M.A. 1652
Johannes Lake D.D. 1661
Marmaduke Cooke D.D. 1663
Johannes Milner B.D. 1677
Johan. Killingbeck B. D. 1690
Josephus Cookson M.A. 1715
Samuel Kirshaw D.D. 1746
Peter Haddon M.A. 1786
Richard Fawcett M.A. 1815 – founder of The Choir of Leeds Parish Church
Walter Farquhar Hook D.D. 1837 (formerly vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, later Dean of Chichester Cathedral)
James Atlay D. D. 1859 (later Bishop of Hereford)
Canon James Russell Woodford D.D. 1868–1873 (later Bishop of Ely)
John Gott 1873–1885 (later Chaplain to the Bishop of Ripon; Dean of Worcester Cathedral from 1885; afterwards Bishop of Truro)
Francis John Jayne 1886–1888; afterwards Bishop of Chester
Edward Stuart Talbot 1888–1895 (later Bishop of Rochester then Bishop of Southwark and, finally Bishop of Winchester
Edgar Charles Sumner Gibson 1895–1905 (later Bishop of Gloucester)
Samuel Bickersteth 1905–1916 then Canon and later Librarian of Canterbury Cathedral
Bernard Oliver Francis Heywood 1916–1926 (subsequently Bishop of Southwell, later Bishop of Hull and finally Bishop of Ely)
Canon William Thompson Elliott 1926–1938 (later Canon of Westminster)
Canon Wilfred Marcus Askwith 1938–1942 (later Bishop of Blackburn, then Bishop of Gloucester
Canon Arthur Stretton Reeve MA 1943–1953 (later Bishop of Lichfield)
Canon C B Sampson 1953–1961 (formerly vicar of Maidstone, later Canon Residentiary of Ripon Cathedral)
Canon William Fenton Morley 1961–1971 (later Dean of Salisbury)
Canon Ronald Graham Gregory Foley 1972–1982 (later Bishop of Reading and Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of York)
Canon James John Richardson OBE 1982–1988 (subsequently Secretary of the Council of Christians and Jews, Rector of St Peter's Bournemouth and – in retirement – Canon Pastor of Sherborne Abbey.
Edward David Murfet, later Minor Canon at Ripon Cathedral was Priest-in-Charge prior to the establishment of the Parish of Leeds City in 1990
Rectors of Leeds from 1991
Canon Stephen John Oliver (born 1947) 1991–1997 (later Precentor of St Paul's Cathedral, then Bishop of Stepney until 2010)
Canon Graham Charles Morell Smith 1997–2005 (later Dean of Norwich)
Canon Anthony Francis Bundock 2005–2014. (later House for Duty Priest at Lacey Green, St John the Evangelist in the Princes Risborough Team Parish, Diocese of Oxford.
The Reverend Canon Charles Dobbin MBE Rector of the Moor Allerton Team Ministry took office as Interim Priest at Leeds Minster in November 2014 and undertook that work until September 2015.
The Reverend Canon Sam Corley was licensed as Rector-designate and Priest in Charge of the Parish of Leeds City on Tuesday 6 October 2015 at 7.30 pm. Canon Corley was installed as an Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral at Evensong in Ripon on Sunday 11 October.
The Reverend Canon Paul Maybury was licensed as Incumbent in December 2022.
Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. It is the largest settlement in Yorkshire and the administrative centre of the City of Leeds Metropolitan Borough, which is the second most populous district in the United Kingdom. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. The city was a small manorial borough in the 13th century and a market town in the 16th century. It expanded by becoming a major production centre, including of carbonated water where it was invented in the 1760s, and trading centre (mainly with wool) for the 17th and 18th centuries.
Leeds developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution alongside other surrounding villages and towns in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It was also known for its flax industry, iron foundries, engineering and printing, as well as shopping, with several surviving Victorian era arcades, such as Kirkgate Market. City status was awarded in 1893, and a populous urban centre formed in the following century which absorbed surrounding villages and overtook the population of nearby York.
Leeds economy is the most diverse of all the UK's main employment centres, and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs. Leeds is home to over 109,000 companies generating 5% of England's total economic output of £60.5 billion, and is also ranked as a gamma world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Leeds is considered the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. Leeds is the largest legal and financial centre in the UK, with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to regional economy.
Leeds is also served by four universities, and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country's fourth largest urban economy. The student population has stimulated growth of the nightlife in the city and there are ample facilities for sporting and cultural activities, including classical and popular music festivals, and a varied collection of museums.
Leeds has multiple motorway links such as the M1, M62 and A1(M). The city's railway station is, alongside Manchester Piccadilly, the busiest of its kind in Northern England. Public transport, rail and road networks in the city and wider region are widespread. It is the county's largest settlement with a population of 536,280, while the larger City of Leeds district has a population of 812,000 (2021 census). The city is part of the fourth-largest built-up area by population in the United Kingdom, West Yorkshire Built-up Area, with a 2011 census population of 1.7 million.
Loidis, from which Leeds, Yorkshire derives its name, was anciently a forested area of the Celtic kingdom of Elmet. The settlement certainly existed at the time of the Norman conquest of England and in 1086 was a thriving manor under the overlordship of Ilbert de Lacy. It gained its first charter from Maurice de Gant in 1207 yet only grew slowly throughout the medieval and Tudor periods. The town had become part of the Duchy of Lancaster and reverted to the crown in the medieval period, so was a Royalist stronghold at the start of the English Civil War.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Leeds prospered and expanded as a centre of the woollen industry and it continued to expand rapidly in the Industrial Revolution. Following a period of post industrial decline in the mid twentieth century Leeds' prosperity revived with the development of tertiary industrial sectors.
Name
The name "Leeds" is first attested in the form "Loidis": around 731 Bede mentioned it in book II, chapter 14 of his Historia ecclesiastica, in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, located in "...regione quae vocatur Loidis" ('the region known as Loidis'). This was evidently a regional name, but it subsequently occurs in the 1086 Domesday Book denoting a settlement, in the later Old English form Ledes. (The 1725 map by John Cossins spells it as Leedes.) The name is not Old English in form, so is presumably an Anglo-Saxonisation of an earlier Celtic name. It is hard to be sure what this name was; Mills's A Dictionary of British Place-Names prefers Celtic *Lādenses 'people living by the strongly flowing river'. This name may be derived from the Brittonic *lāto- meaning "rut, heat" (in animals ready to mate),[3] an element represented in Welsh as llawd, "heat", and possibly cognate to Greek plōtós, "flowing".
It has been surmised that the name denoted either a forest covering most of the kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the fifth century into the early seventh, or an early river-name, presumably that of the River Aire. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, possibly derived from Loidis.
Leeds City Council maintains "a photographic archive of Leeds" using the title "Leodis", thought to be an Old English or Celtic form of the name.
Prehistoric to Anglo-Saxon periods
There is no dependable reference to any place that might be associated with Leeds, before Bede's mention in circa 730 AD; and that was to a region rather than a village or town; thus little is known of any Roman, British or Anglo-Saxon predecessors to Leeds.
As well as scattered Bronze Age objects throughout the Leeds area, there were, according to 19th-century records, two Bronze Age barrows on Woodhouse Moor. In the pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age, the vicinity of Leeds was associated with the Brigantes; as well as possible Roman-period earthworks, a paved ford across the River Aire has been discovered, and is supposed to date to Roman times. Brigantian remains have been found in villages and towns in the vicinity of Leeds, and there are Roman remains in nearby settlements, notably at Adel, and at Alwoodley; in the suburb of Headingley a stone coffin was found in 1995 at Beckett's Park which is believed to date from Roman times.
Bede's account indicates activity in the vicinity of Leeds, though not necessarily near the town as it is now known: his unidentified place-name Campodonum might refer to an important place in the area; and one Abbot Thrythwulf had a monastery nearby in Bede's time, though it did not last long into the medieval period. Campodonum is possibly, Elmet capital and Roman fort (anylised as camp+(l)odonum), Cambodunum. Cambodunum is a possible earlier Latin form name of Camelot, likely due to its location and early Brittonic ties.
Evidence for major wealth and status comes from fragments of at least six stone crosses/other monuments, with the ninth- to tenth-century decoration characteristic of Anglo-Scandinavian culture, which were found in the fabric of the 14th-century Leeds Parish Church when it was demolished and replaced in 1838, now site of Leeds Minster. The best preserved, now in the modern church, depicts alongside other images the story of Wayland the Smith.
Leeds's profile was raised by the 2008-09 discovery of the West Yorkshire Hoard, a small, probably tenth- or eleventh-century treasure hoard of items from the early 7th century onwards, in the Leeds area. It seems likely that the Anglo-Saxon settlement consisted largely of an ecclesiastical site, a ford over the River Aire, and Kirkgate. Other evidence for occupation in the Anglo-Saxon period lies in the old Shire Oak at Headingley, which is believed to have lent its name to the wapentake of Skyrack, and in the presence of many places around Leeds which have the termination of their names in ley: such as Bramley, Rodley, Farnley, Armley, Wortley, and Farsley, which is derived from the Anglo-Saxon leah, an open place in the wood.
Norman period
Leeds parish is thought to have developed from a large British estate sub-divided, under Anglo-Saxon occupation, into smaller land holdings. The ancient estate straddled the wapentakes of Morley and Skyrack, encompassing Leeds, Headingley, Allerton, Gipton, Bramley, Armley, Farnley, Beeston and Ristone (Wortley). Leeds parish in Skyrack was the most important of these holdings. Leeds was then further sub divided so that when the first dependable historical record about Leeds (as "Ledes") was written in the Domesday book of 1086, it was recorded as having comprised seven small manors in the days of Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Norman conquest, Leeds was evidently a purely agricultural domain, of about 1,000 acres (4 km2) in extent. It was divided into seven manors, held by as many thanes; they possessed six ploughs; there was a priest, and a church, and a mill: its taxable value was six pounds. When the Domesday records were made, it had slightly increased in value; the seven thanes had been replaced by twenty-seven villeins, four sokemen, and four bordars. The villains were what we should now call day-labourers: the soke or soc men were persons of various degrees, from small owners under a greater lord, to mere husbandmen: the bordars are considered by most specialists in Domesday terminology to have been mere drudges, hewers of wood, drawers of water. The mill, when this survey was made, was worth four shillings. There were 10 acres (40,000 m2) of meadow. The tenant in chief was Ilbert de Lacy to whom William the Conqueror had granted a vast Honour stretching widely across country from Lincolnshire into Lancashire, and whose chief stronghold was at Pontefract Castle, a few miles to the south-east.
That Leeds was owned by one of the chief favourites of William was fortunate; the probability is that the lands of the de Lacy ownership were spared when the harrying of the North took place. While the greater part of the county was absolutely destitute of human life, and all the land northward lay blackened, Leeds in 1086 had a population of at least two hundred people.
There were two significant foci to the settlement; the area around the parish church and the main manorial landholding half a mile to the west of the church. In 1399, according to the Hardynge Chronicle, the captive Richard II was briefly imprisoned at Leeds, before being transported to another de Lacy property at Pontefract, where he was later executed.
The kyng then sent kyng Richard to Ledis,
there to be kepte durely in previtee;
fro thens after to Pykering went he needis,
and to Knaresbro' after led was he
but to pontefrete last where he did dee.
In 1147, Cistercian monks settled at Kirkstall, and there from about 1152 began to build Kirkstall Abbey.
First borough charter
Leeds was subinfeudated – along with much other land in Yorkshire, by the de Lacy family to the Paynel family; Ralph Paynel is mentioned often in the Domesday entries. He was one of the principal tenants-in-chief in Yorkshire. It was from a descendant of the Paynels, sometimes described as Maurice de Gant, that the inhabitants of Leeds received their first charter, in November, 1207. Leeds had the geographical advantages of being on a river crossing and being on the York to Chester route as well as being close to the Wharfedale to Skipton route through the Pennines. The manorial lords were keen to increase their revenues by exploiting these advantages.
The preamble of the charter reads:
"I Maurice Paynall have given and granted and by this charter confirmed to my burgesses of Leeds and their heirs franchise and free burgage and their tofts and with each toft half an acre of land for tillage to hold these of me and my heirs in fief and inheritance freely quit and honourably rendering annually to me and my heirs for each toft and half an acre of land sixteen pence at Pentecost and at Martinmas."
The charter made various provisions for the appointment of a bailiff (prator) to preside over a court of justice, to collect rents and dues, and to fine recalcitrants; others stipulated for aids when the lord needed monetary help, and placed tenants under obligation to grind corn at his mill and bake in his oven Leeds was granted some rights of self-government and it had burgesses who were freemen. Yet the charter granted to the townspeople of Leeds only the lowest conditions needed for urban development. It did not transform the manor into a borough but established a borough within a manor. It was not coextensive with the manor but consisted of only a group of tenements within it. The new town was laid out along the line of a street, later to be called Briggate, which was wide enough to hold a market, with about thirty burgage plots on either side. The south end of the street had a river crossing but the earliest recorded bridge, from which its name is derived (bridge gate), is in 1384. The population was small in 1207 and remained scanty for a long time afterwards. At the time of the Poll Tax of 1379 it appears not to have exceeded three hundred persons at the very outside; it was certainly one of the smallest towns in Yorkshire, such places as Snaith, Ripon, Tickhill, and Selby exceeding it in importance. Even in the thirteenth century, Leeds consisted of several distinct areas of habitation and activity. There was the old settlement around the parish church, the newly founded borough, the manor house and mill to the west and the town fields at Burmantofts (borough men's tofts). By establishing the borough the manorial revenues were increased and Leeds became more prosperous. Tax returns of 1334 and 1377 show that population of the whole parish before the Black Death was about 1,000 people of whom 350 to 400 lived in the central area including the borough. Leeds began to rank with the more prosperous towns to the east.
In 1217 Maurice de Gant lost the Leeds estate by figuring on the wrong side at the battle of Lincoln. His holding passed from him to Ranulf, Earl of Chester, and through him reverted to the de Lacy family; when the de Lacy estates became merged by marriage in the Duchy of Lancaster they passed to the royal family, and, on the accession of Henry IV, were absorbed into the possessions of the Crown.
Late Middle Ages
For four centuries after the Norman invasion, the growth of Leeds was slow. Its site had no particular military advantages: the great strategic position of that part of Yorkshire was at Pontefract, close by. It had, at first, no commercial values—it may have been that its first beginnings in its staple wool trade sprang from the wool growing of the Cistercians at Kirkstall Abbey, on its western borders. The township was concerned with little more than agriculture, and such trade as it knew was confined to those retailings which establish themselves wherever communities spring up—dealings in the necessities of life, which, reduced to a minimum, are merely food and clothing. The town itself was small—it was probably confined within a triangle formed on the lines of the present lower Briggate, Kirkgate, and the River Aire, with the parish church at one angle somewhere about, perhaps on, the site of the modern one. The streets would be narrow, unpaved and unlighted. The houses, in spite of the fact that stone is so plentiful in the district, were of wood, whitewashed, in many cases, thatched. St Mary's Whitkirk is the only medieval church remaining, a 15th-century building replacing an earlier one. All around the town lay the open fields and meadows, cultivated on the principle of strip-farming. And beyond these lay the forest of Elmet.
Tudor period and incorporation
The Tudor period was a time of transition for Leeds, from a relatively mean settlement to a solid cloth-trading town. In 1470, it was obscure enough to be described as being "near to Rothwell", which in the fifteenth century had the rights of a market town. By 1536, when John Leland visited it, he was able to report of it that it was a pretty market town which stood most by clothing and was as large as Bradford, though not so "quik", by which he evidently meant not so enterprising. Nevertheless, much of the old life and conditions still existed. The Crown was now over-lord, and had been so ever since the accession of Henry IV, and the folk still ground their corn at the King's mills and baked their bread at the King's oven. There was as yet no charter of incorporation, and though the people were rapidly approaching to conditions of liberty their lot was still not very appreciably different from that of their forefathers. Up to the end of the sixteenth century Leeds may be looked upon as existing in semi-feudalism.
There is no mention of education in Leeds until 1552, when one William Sheafield, who seems to have been a chantry priest of St. Catherine in Leeds, left property in the town for the establishment of a learned school-master who should teach freely for ever such scholars, youths, and children as should resort to him, with the wise proviso that the Leeds folk themselves should find a suitable building and make up the master's salary to ten pounds a year. Here is the origin of Leeds Grammar School which, first housed in the Calls, and subsequently—through the beneficence of John Harrison—in Lady Lane, had by the end of that century become an institution of vast importance.
As the sixteenth century drew to a close, and while the seventeenth was still young, the towns-folk of Leeds secured in the first instance at their own cost, in the second by a strictly limited Royal favour two important privileges—the right of electing their own vicar and of governing themselves in municipal affairs. In 1583 the town bought the advowson of the parish church from its then possessor, Oliver Darnley, for £130, and henceforth the successive vicars were chosen by a body of trustees—the most notably successful experiment in popular election which has ever been known in the National Church. In 1626, Leeds received its first charter of incorporation from Charles I. The charter, premising that Leeds in the County of York is an ancient and populous town, whose inhabitants are well acquainted with the Art and Mystery of making Woollen Cloths, sets up a governing body of one Alderman, nine Burgesses, and twenty Assistants. But the privilege for some years was a limited one: the Crown reserved to itself the rights of appointment to any of the thirty vacancies which might occur by death: popular election did not come for some time.
English Civil War and political representation
Eighteen years after the granting of the charter of incorporation, Leeds joined with other towns in the neighbourhood in a Memorial to the King wherein he was besought to settle his differences with the rebellious Parliament. Of this no notice was taken, and in the earlier stages of the Civil War the town was garrisoned for the Royal cause under Sir William Savile. But it was a very small Leeds which he occupied for the King in January 1643, having under him 500 horse and 1,500 foot. He made elaborate preparations for the defence of the place, digging a six-foot trench from St. John's Church by Upper Headrow, Boar Lane, and Swinegate to the banks of the river; erecting breastworks at the north end of the bridge, and placing demi-culverins in a position to sweep Briggate. Against him on Monday, January 23, advanced the redoubtable Sir Thomas Fairfax, at the head of a Parliamentary force which appears to have numbered at least 3000 horse and foot. Finding the bridge at Kirkstall broken down, Fairfax crossed the Aire at Apperley Bridge, and came on to Woodhouse Moor, from where he called on Savile to surrender. Savile returned the answer which was doubtless expected, and in the teeth of a heavy snowstorm, Fairfax led his troops forward to the assault. The action began about two o'clock of the afternoon and appears to have developed on all sides of the town. It rapidly went in favour of the assailants, and by four o'clock the Parliamentarian leaders and their troops were in Briggate and Boar Lane, while Savile and others were fleeing for their lives. Fairfax took nearly 500 prisoners and immediately released them on their promising not to take up arms against the Parliament on any further occasion. Though not a very great affair, it settled the question of King or Commons so far as that part of the West Riding was concerned.
The Puritan regime followed on the first successes of the Parliamentarians, and Leeds saw two Puritan ministers placed in the parish church and the new church of St. John. But in 1644 Leeds folk had something else to think: an epidemic, so serious as to rank with the medieval visitations of plague, broke out, and resulted in the death of 1300 inhabitants. The weekly markets were discontinued, and deaths occurred with such startling rapidity that it was impossible to keep pace with them in the parish registers.
In 1646 Charles I. came to Leeds a prisoner. After his surrender to the Scottish generals at Kelham, near Newark, he was led northward to Newcastle; on his return from that city, he spent one night in the house called Red Hall, in Upper Head Row.
It seems curious that up to the middle of the seventeenth century Leeds had never been directly represented in Parliament. Many now quite insignificant places in Yorkshire had sent members to the House of Commons from a very early period--Malton, Beverley, Northallerton had returned members as far back as 1298; Otley had had two members for centuries. But it was not until 1654 that Adam Baynes was returned to sit at Westminster; he was returned again two years later with Francis Allanson as a second member. This representation came to an end at the Restoration in 1660, and Leeds had no more members of Parliament until the Reform Act 1832. But in 1661 it received some concession from the Crown which was perhaps of more importance to it—a new Municipal Charter. There had been some readjustment of the old one in 1642, but Charles II's Charter was of a far-reaching nature. It set up a Mayor, twelve Aldermen, twenty-four Assistants or Councillors, a Town Clerk, and a Recorder; it also provided for local election to vacancies. From the Charter of Charles I and that of his son are derived the well-known arms of the town. The owls are the Savile owls famous throughout the county, where the Saviles have been legion; the mullets figured on the arms of Thomas Danby, first Mayor. The dependent sheep typifies the wool trade.
In 1715 the first history of Leeds was written by Ralph Thoresby, entitled Ducatus Leodiensis; or the Topography of the antient and populous Town and Parish of Leedes.
Leeds was mainly a merchant town, manufacturing woollen cloths and trading with Europe via the Humber estuary and the population grew from 10,000 at the end of the seventeenth century to 30,000 at the end of the eighteenth. As a gauge of the importance of the town, by the 1770s Leeds merchants were responsible for 30% of the country's woollen exports, valued at £1,500,000 when 70 years previously Yorkshire accounted for only 20% of exports.
Woollen cloth trade
During the Middle Ages, Cistercian monks, such as those at Kirkstall, were involved in sheep farming, and weaving was introduced to West Yorkshire during the reign of Edward III. Leland records the organised trading of woollen cloth in a market that took place on a bridge over the Aire, at the foot of Briggate; this trade occurred under tightly regulated conditions, including specific times. The cloth was predominantly manufactured in individual homes, in the villages surrounding Leeds. (Bradford, by contrast, was the centre of the worsted cloth trade.) There was a fulling mill at Leeds by 1400, and cloth dying may also have been an early centralised activity.
By the early 18th century, cloth trading had outstripped the capacity of the bridge, and had moved to trestle tables in up to two rows on each side of Briggate. Ralph Thoresby was involved in the establishment of the first covered cloth market, when with others he secured the permission of the 3rd Viscount Irwin, holder of the Manor of Leeds, to erect the White Cloth Hall. The fact of Wakefield having erected a trading hall in 1710 was almost certainly a driver of change. The new hall opened on 22 May 1711 (It lasted for 65 years before being removed to a new site in The Calls; by the mid-19th century it was taking place in a dedicated trading hall.) Daniel Defoe (c. 1720) mentions that Leeds traders also travelled all over the country, selling cloth on credit terms; and that an export trade existed. In 1758, a coloured or mixed cloth hall was built near Mill Hill – a quadrangular building 66 yards (60 m) by 128 yards (117 m), with capacity for 1800 trading stalls, initially let at three guineas per annum, but later at a premium of £24 per annum. (In the 1890s both the hall and a subsequent hall were demolished to make way for the new General Post Office and the Metropole Hotel.)
In 1831, a strike at Gotts Woollen Mill led to the establishment of the Yorkshire Trades Union. This soon dissolved, but in 1887 the Yeadon and Guiseley Factory Workers' Union was founded, this later becoming part of the National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers.
Industrial Revolution Expansion
The industrial revolution had resulted in the radical growth of Leeds whose population had risen to over 150,000 by 1840. The city's industrial growth was catalysed by the introduction of the Aire & Calder Navigation in 1699, Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816 and the railways from 1834 onwards; the first being the Leeds and Selby Railway opened on 22 September 1834. The first Leeds railway station was at Marsh Lane; the Leeds Wellington station was opened in 1848; the Central in 1854, and the New station in 1869. Little by little the town was linked up with Hull, York, Sheffield, Bradford, Dewsbury; with the Durham and Northumberland towns; with Manchester and Liverpool; and with the Midlands and London.
In 1893 Leeds had been granted city status. These industries that developed in the industrial revolution had included making machinery for spinning, machine tools, steam engines and gears as well as other industries based on textiles, chemicals and leather and pottery. Coal was extracted on a large scale and the still functioning Middleton Railway, the first successful commercial steam locomotive railway in the world, transported coal into the centre of Leeds. The track was the first rack railway and the locomotive (Salamanca) was the first to have twin cylinders.
Various areas in Leeds developed different roles in the industrial revolution. The city centre became a major centre of transport and commerce, Hunslet and Holbeck became major engineering centres. Armley, Bramley and Kirkstall became milling centres and areas such as Roundhay became middle class suburbs, the building of the Leeds Tramway allowing them better connections with the rest of the city.
Barnbow
Barnbow in Cross Gates was a large ammunitions factory producing ten thousand shells per week by August 1915. The worst tragedy ever to happen within Leeds (in terms of fatalities) happened at the Barnbow tragedy of 5 December 1916. 35 workers (all women aged 14 or over) were killed in the Barnbow Munitions Factory, which later became the Royal Ordnance Factory Barnbow. The plant employed 16,000 workers, from Leeds, Selby, Wakefield, Tadcaster and Wetherby and had its own railway station to cope with the daily influx of workers. The railway station had an 850-foot (260 m) platform and 38 special trains from surrounding towns and cities. An explosion from Hall 42 killed 35 workers and mutilated many more. Mechanic Mr William Parking was presented with an engraved silver watch for his bravery in saving factory workers during the incident.
Leeds Pals
During the First World War, regiments were made up of men from particular towns, meaning that if one regiment suffered heavy losses, a town or city would suffer heavy losses of its male population. Leeds was one city unfortunate enough to suffer this. By the Second World War, regiments weren't so geographically based. The battalion formed in 1914 and suffered its worse losses in the Battle of the Somme in 1916.
Inter-war
During the period between the two world wars, the Leeds Women Citizens League was active in advocating what women's needs for housing were to the national Women's Housing Sub-Committee. This was a parliamentary committee which was established in 1918 by the Ministry of Reconstruction in order discover what a woman's view on post-war housing would look life. Recommendations for the Leeds branch of the league included 'porcelain sinks with plugs' that children could be washed in, as well as 'an upstairs'.
Second World War
During the Second World War Leeds made a further contribution to the war effort, although it was perhaps less historically notable than that of the first. Although the result of the sinking of the third Royal naval vessel named 'Ark Royal' which was Leeds's adopted ship the people of Leeds raised over £9 million in 1942 for a new ship, surpassing the £5 million target.
Bombing
Leeds escaped the worst of The Blitz, due mainly to its inland location and lack of any significant industrial targets. On the night of the 14 March and early hours of 15 March 1941, Leeds received its worst night of Luftwaffe bombing. Beeston had more bombs dropped on it than any other district of the city, yet escaped with the least damage. Flaxton Terrace was the only street to be damaged during the night-time blackout air raid, with nearly all the other bombs landing on Cross Flatts Park. In his 2005 poem 'Shrapnel' poet Tony Harrison, who was in Beeston on the night of the raid, speculates whether this was an act of heroism by the Luftwaffe pilot, a theory that has been explored ever since the raid. Significant damage was also caused in Holbeck and Headingley, while the Eastern side of the Town Hall was damaged. Bombs were also dropped on the Woodhouse area during nighttime air raids, as the Luftwaffe attempted to destroy an industrial target.
Thorp Arch
ROF Thorp Arch was the main munitions factory in the area at this time. The facility which is now a trading estate and retail park, was situated near Wetherby and like Barnbow featured significant railway facilities. The works suffered minor damage from bombing raids. People from all over West Yorkshire travelled to work at the facility by train from Leeds and Wetherby stations.
Yeadon
The town of Yeadon housed the underground factory that manufactured the parts for Avro Lancaster bombers. The factory was located alongside the current Leeds Bradford Airport.
Rodley
Rodley to the west had two factories, Smiths and Booths, that manufactured cranes and had been converted to make bombs.
Modern history
By the 20th century this social and economic had started to change with the creation of the academic institutions that are known today as the University of Leeds and Leeds Beckett University. This period had also witnessed expansion in medical provision, particularly Leeds General Infirmary and St James's Hospital. Following the Second World War there has been, as in many other cities, a decline in secondary industries that thrived in the 19th century. However this decline was reversed in the growth of new tertiary industries such as finance retail, call centres, offices and media. Today Leeds is known as one of eight core cities that act as a focus of their respective regions and Leeds is generally regarded as the dominant city of the ceremonial county of West Yorkshire.
Extremely rare nineteenth century silk shawl. Woven from magenta silk "alaari" that reached Nigeria through the trans-Saharan caravan trade, used for both warp and weft, with narrow stripes of white handspun cotton at the centre and selvedge of each strip. A central block of openwork patterning, in which holes are created in the strip by tying groups of warp threads with an extra weft, provides the main decorative feature of this shawl type. The openwork block is framed on both sides and at the lower edge by supplementery weft float motifs in green imported cotton. Use of expensive silk in this quantity would have been very unusual and very prestigious, and very few of these delicate and fragile cloths were woven. Even less will have surived intact and this is only the second complete example we have seen. It is very worn and fragile but complete and intact. I shall be posting on my blog about these early shawls soon. Measurements: 78 ins x 43ins, 199 cm x 110.
For more information see the original source: www.adireafricantextiles.com/asooke5.htm
The High Street at Dartmouth Square, West Bromwich.
The clock and drinking fountain canopy have been repainted.
Grade II Listed Building
Drinking fountain and canopy, High Street
Description
This list entry was subject to a Minor Amendment on 10/11/2020
SP 09 SW
5/73
SANDWELL MB
West Bromwich
High Street
Drinking fountain and canopy
(Formerly listed as Drinking Fountain canopy, West Bromwich, DARTMOUTH PARK, SANDWELL MB)
18.6.87
II
Drinking fountain and canopy. 1885. Cast iron. Decorated round columns have foliated capitals. Each side of the upper part has a multi-cusped round arch and openwork foliage decoration. Above each arch is a circle with ropework border containing a cartouche with the figure of a stork. On one side there is an inscription instead of a stork: "In loving memory of Elizabeth Farley. This fountain was erected by her son Alderman Farley JP 1885". A dome with openwork decoration between ribs is surmounted by an eagle. Some of the column bases are inscribed: "W MACFARLANE & CO GLASGOW".
History
Soon after listing in 1987, permission was granted for relocating the fountain and canopy from Dartmouth Park to High Street, where for a number of years it stood beneath a glazed canopy that extended across the street from the Farley Centre. Between 2012 and 2014 the glazed canopy was removed.
The three teak shoji each have a combination of clear and opaque (silk paper sandwiched between clear panes) panes, with a solid hip board at the bottom. The hipboard has an openwork design that carries across all three panels. The opaque panes offer privacy and frame very specific views of the garden.
The hammered texture of these sterling openwork earrings adds just a touch of rustic appeal, all the while preserving a design stylish enough to wear with any outfit.
Taylor's spire at Wallingford St Peter, similar to many "wedding cake spires" of London city churches atop of a flint tower. Wallingford, St Peter
St Peter’s, with Sir Robert Taylor’s slender openwork spire and octagonal belfry of 1777, dominates the view charmingly when entering Wallingford over the Thames. The rest of the church had been rebuilt in 1763–69 after its predecessor’s destruction in the Civil War. chancel and apse were added in 1904. Inside, the nave has a coffered ceiling and in the floor is the tomb of Sir William Blackstone (d. 1780), author of the renowned legal Commentaries.
HUD color 20 textures 15 solid colors & 5 Tie Dye
with small pearl details.
Promo until 03/17
Try DEMO!
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Ippopotamo/84/186/21
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Mixed flowers bouquet, style "Les Demoiselles de Vero"
Vintage openwork lace
Vintage Dutch zink bowl
Vintage filigree rosenkranz
Handmade notebook
Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng Gallery. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.
A pair of ‘paliteras’ / toothpick holders
Estimate: PHP 75,000 - 85,000
20th century
Portuguese
Silver, mounted, stemmed cherries on openwork fruit stand on base mounted on galleried square footed base
Total wt 450 g
15 cm (6 in)
Lot 115 of the SALCEDO AUCTIONS
Important Philippine Art and Furniture, including Tribal and Ethnographic Art
AUCTION | 12 March 2022, 2pm
Please see salcedoauctions.com for more details.