On the airplane, Floyd had watched as a father, about his age, jerked on his child’s arm to keep her quiet. You could tell it was her first time on an airplane, and it wasn’t an experience she enjoyed. Despite that, her parental figure offered no comfort. Just the stern, hard, beratement of a parent on the edge. It disturbed him to see, and the fact that it disturbed him made him maybe even more uneasy than the sight itself.

 

Once landed, the man dragged his daughter bodily, kicking and screaming through the terminal. Floyd shouldered his bag, grimaced, and made himself forget the sight. Instead, he shouldered his bag and trudged to the pickup zone where, just barely, he managed to hail a cab.

 

It was rare times like this when he was glad he wasn’t dead.

 

The cab pulled up to Vern Reed road, and Floyd had him stop there. His subconscious paranoia forbidding him from letting the cab driver see where he was really going. He payed the man, and watch him recede and disappear into the urban prairie. He took in the heavy, November air and started to walk. From the shadows of a nearby alley, beady eyes watched him. He wasn’t fool enough to believe that at least a few of the locals didn’t hold animosity towards him, not after what he did those three fateful years ago, but at this point, there was too few of them for it to matter. They knew who he was. They knew their place.

 

Finally, Floyd reach it: Schwartz Court. He was almost to the door when he realized he hadn’t lit a single cigarette the entire day.

 

Before he could have another thought, the door was slammed open, and an eleven year old girl was hugging him around the waist fiercely, shouting in joy, nearly hopping up and down.

 

“Hey Kiddo,” he said, “Surprise!”

 

In the doorway leaned Michelle Torres, her mother, arms crossed, smiling warmly. She called him ‘Killer’ as he approached, the girl’s hand in his, and kissed him on the cheek. He smiled as best he could, and begged her not to call him that. No promises, she told him, and led them both inside and up the elevator.

 

Floyd Lawton would never consider himself a family man. After shooting his mother in the back in return for what she had done to him, family was barely a word Floyd was used to. The idea of family ran him cold, and dropped him back into that same emotional stasis tank that he remained in almost exclusively. However, there was a warmth that filled him every time he walked through that door. A dull glow that maybe he didn’t notice himself, but Michelle picked up on every time he was around her.

 

He glowed even brighter around Zoe.

 

Proudly, she sat at the kitchen table, showing her father her drawings; her unintentionally impressionistic renderings of Supergirl, Wonder Woman, and what looked to Floyd like Aquaman in Power Girl’s boots. He beamed pouring over every shoddy line, and told her that she was a damn fine artist. He balked however, when she asked him to draw Batman, chanting the caped crusader’s name continuously, prompting dark laughter from Michelle, and nervous sweating from Floyd. Roughly, untrained, Floyd heaved a crayon between his fingers and began to hew away at the paper. The result was a primitive, blocky swath of shapes that, from the right angle, almost looked like the cape and cowl of The Bat.

 

Zoe narrowed her eyes at the drawing, and a look of intense concentration came over her face, until finally she declared to her father that Batman looked dead. He’s not dead, he told her, but maybe Robin accidentally smacked him with the Batmobile.

 

Everything was going almost unsettlingly well. After his brush with Psimon, Floyd would be lying if he said he wasn’t just a little suspicious that maybe, just maybe, none of this was even real. The thought, however, of this entire scenario being fantasy, drove him to a place that was darker than even he was used to, and with some effort, he pushed it from his mind. They were halfway through dinner when Zoe declared she wanted to be just like her dad when she grew up, and all the color drained from Floyd’s face. Before Michelle could say anything, before Floyd could stop himself, he gently laid his hand on hers and told her that was sweet and all, but Kiddo, his job’s not all that great, and he’s not around nearly enough, and she was gonna go to school, and get a damn fine job that put what he did to shame.

 

When she asked him what he *did* do, he took a deep breath, and told her he was a cleaner.

 

After dinner, Michelle sent Zoe up to brush her teeth and get ready for bed. Floyd sat at the table, nursing a whiskey, and staring intently at the drawing of Batman. I think you’ve got a career ahead of you, Michelle told him. Floyd smiled softly, said art was never his calling, and pushed the drawing away. He asked her if she was doing alright, his hand resting on her cheek. There was darkness under her eyes, but she told him she was doing just fine. That she missed him sometimes, But she was glad he wasn’t around all the time, even if Zoe maybe would do better with a father.

 

He told her he understood though. He brought danger and destruction everywhere he went. The first time he had visited the Triangle, had learned of his daughter’s existence, he left a long and bloody trail in his wake. It was to assure their safety, but it was done in the most brutal way possible. The only way Floyd knew.

 

Despite that, they were happy to see each other, and as evidenced, Zoe was absolutely thrilled.

 

He asked her if anything had come up lately. If anyone had been trying to shake down the neighborhood, or threatened her or anyone in the building. At that, a spark lit up in Michelle’s eyes as she told him sternly, oh no, you’re not shooting your way though anymore problems. Not here, Lawton, not in this town. Please, if not for her, then for Zoe.

 

It was then, as if on cue, that there was a knock on the door. Floyd volunteered to get it, and made his way to the door. On the way, he stopped by the hallway’s chest of drawers, and withdrew a pistol he had hidden, taped to the bottom of the cabinet. Slowly, he creaked open the door just enough to see the three ill-dressed young men outside. He recognized their beady eyes, and the shiftiness in their posture. He recognized the colors on their arms. They wanted to talk to him. They wanted in. They wanted to deliver a message. Floyd shut the door, slipped the gun into the back of his pants, declared to Michelle that he was stepping out for a moment. If she had any protest, any consternation for what she knew was about to happen, she kept it back, and just told him to be back in time to tuck Zoe in.

 

He stepped out, and told them quietly what they were doing was suicide. That no matter the outcome, they would not survive. That this was sacrilege, to follow him to where his child and her mother lived. They sneered and leered, and told him they were taking their turf back. And no old man with a pedo-stache was going to stop them. His time was over, it was time for the gangs to take Star City’s Triangle back for themselves.

Floyd sighed, and offered them an out. He bade them follow him, and was mildly surprised when they did. He led them out on the street and asked if they were armed. In response, they each withdrew a pistol. Alright, Floyd said, let’s make a deal. He flipped open the near-antique six-shooter and dropped all the bullets out of it, save for the one in the chamber.

 

Here’s the deal, he said, leading them through one of the dingy side streets to a warehouse a few blocks away. You ever see Westerns? Well this is a shootout. You all get one clip’s worth of bullets to kill me, and I get one whole bullet to kill all three of you. You win, Triangle’s yours. I win, you’re dead, and I’ll make sure your posse knows it. Deal?

 

The three young men all smiled maliciously, agreed, and instantly withdrew their pistols, firing with wild abandon into the night air. Floyd grimaced, or was it a smile, and whipped behind some crates. Feeling the impact of the bullets on the wood, and gauging his surroundings. Finally, he saw it. With the crates being torn to pieces behind him, Deadshot whipped his arm out in one smooth, whip-like motion, and with a crack of thunder, fired at an overhanging steel lamp. The bullet pinged off the lamp and ricocheted back down to collide with an iron crossbeam, erect and rusting, and sending the bullet tearing through all three young men’s necks. Deadshot shook the ringing of gunfire out of his ears, returned the smoking gun to the back of his pants, and stepped out into the inky black night.

 

On his way back, he found the bullets he had dropped scattered on the ground. The metallic detritus of so many bloodsheds. He scooped them all up and dropped them into his pocket, jingling them around like change. In the distance, on the other side of the otherwise almost empty street, and older man in a long blue coat tugged viciously on the arm of a young girl in a pale pink dress, dragging her along behind him. Floyd grimaced, rolled the bullets around in his fingers, then went home to tuck in his daughter.

 

On offer as a concert, “a blues group” I was told. The venue turned out to be La Rosalía De Castro close to the capitol Building. After climbing three floors in a grand old city mansion. We came out on a balcony overlong four sides of a central atrium

only offer money or nike, i can add if needed

The Super Ikontas:

 

The Zeiss Ikon Ikonta cameras have been produced since 1929 and were offered in four model lines (A, B, C, and D) with different negative formats (4,5 x 6, 6 x 6, 6 x 9, and 6,5 x 11 cm). The Super Ikonta production line started not until 1934 with the Super Ikonta A (530) for 4,5 x 6 cm negatives. Basically, Ikonta variants which included a coupled rangefinder were named Super Ikonta. Like Agfa folders, Zeiss Ikontas were fitted with a wide range of lenses and shutters and the cameras were priced accordingly (the buyer could determine which combination was ordered). The post-war shutters usually have flash synchronisation. The lenses produced after the WW II were coated, which reduces light reflections between the lens elements, avoids lens flare and increases the contrast.

 

The Zeiss Ikon Super Ikonta I B (532/16) was produced from 1937 to 1955 by the German Zeiss Ikon company. It was also sold under the name Super Ikonta I 6x6 cm. The original Super Ikonta B featured an uncoated f/2.8 Tessar produced by Carl Zeiss Jena. This camera is fitted with a coated f/2.8 80 mm Tessar produced in the post-war Zeiss plant in Oberkochen (Zeiss-Opton) in West-Germany. The lens of the pre-war cameras was set in a Compur-Rapid shutter and the post-war cameras had either a Copur-Rapid or a Synchro-Compur shutter. Like all Super Ikontas, the camera is equipped with a coupled rangefinder. In contrast to its predecessor (530/16), the 532/16 model unified the rangefinder and the viewfinder into one larger window.

 

The automated film transport stop and frame counting mechanism taken over from the first Super Ikonta B (530/16) makes the camera faster in use. The red window in the camera back is only needed for lining up the first shot. Like its predecessor, the 532/16 model takes 11 (instead of the standard 12) 6x6 cm images on 120 type rollfilm. The unusual number of frames is caused by a design change during the time of production of the 530/16 model to encounter frame overlapping problems. The production process before and after the war was somewhat complex:

 

“The camera bodies and bellows were produced in Stuttgart, shutters were ordered from Friedrich Deckel in Munich and shipped to Carl Zeiss Jena, who mounted the lens into the shutters. Then the lens and shutter assembly was shipped to Stuttgart for mounting to the body. Rangefinder components were manufactured in the Ernemann plant in Dresden before the war, and shipped to Stuttgart for acceptance testing and assembly into the cameras. After the war the rangefinder components were outsourced to Rodenstock”. Source: camera-wiki.org/wiki/Super_Ikonta_532/16

 

This camera:

 

According to its serial number starting with "Q", the body of this camera was produced between 1943 and 1944: camera-wiki.org/wiki/Zeiss_Ikon_serial_numbers According to the serial number of the lens, this Tessar was produced between 1951 and 1953, presumably already 1951 (see low range number): camera-wiki.org/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_serial_numbers

 

Obviously, this camera combines a pre-war body on storage fitted with a post-war lens. According to the serial number listing of Bernd Otto, the camera was mounted between 1949 and 1951. This corresponds to the beginning of implementing flash-synchronized shutters in 1948/49, the period of the availability of Tessars engraved "Zeiss Opton" (1949-1953), and the shift from Compur Rapid to Synchro Compur shutters around 1952 (see Bernd K. Otto: Die Entwicklung der Ikonta/Super Ikonta (2), Photo Deal Vol. 47 IV, October-December 2004, page 35; Larry Gubas: The Super Ikontas, Zeiss Historica Vol. 4, Nr. 2, Autumn 1982; Ivor Matanle: Super Ikonta, Amateur Photographer, 29 May 2010, page 61-63).

 

As usual for cameras of this age, the longer shutter speeds (> 1/10 sec) are delayed as a result of gumming. Also, the small lever at the lens (bottom right) for tripping the shutter does not swing back automatically after release. Obviously, the little spring for this function has weakened and the lever has to be moved by hand each time before cocking the shutter. Otherwise, the shutter cocking lever at the top of the lens will not catch but move back and expose the negative accidentally. Actually, the camera has to get a CLA and a shutter repair by a professional camera service but can absolutely be used with these limitations.

 

Fortunately, the Zeiss-Opton Tessar of this camera does not suffer from the dreaded "Tessar disease". According to the renowned folder expert Jurgen Kreckel (certo6.com/), one in three Zeiss-Opton Tessars have this malady. During the early years (1950-1953) of the West-German Zeiss company in Oberkochen, specific Tessar lens elements were fixed with glue, which is not stable over time and looks like lens separation. Particularly, the middle lens element is in danger of becoming out of axis preventing uniform focusing across the film area. In contrast, the Carl Zeiss Jena Tessars still were set differently and do not suffer from this disease.

 

Meanwhile, this camera has been repaired and CLAd by the well-known folder expert Jurgen Kreckel (certo6.com/). Jurgen did a great job: the camera is working like new. The contact with him is always very pleasing. He did the job rapidly and for a very fair price. The photographers using vintage folders (rather than collecting them) can be thankful for his excellent service!

 

Some valuable tips for using vintage folding cameras have been listed here: www.petrakla.com/pages/folding-camera-tips

Day 250 (v 11.0) - or required

Aston Martin Residences offer breathtaking views of the Miami River, Biscayne Bay, and Brickell skyline. Additionally, Aston Martin Residences will be within walking distance of Whole Foods, Brickell City Centre, and Mary Brickell Village.

 

​Aston Martin’s design team will design the building’s interior common spaces including the two private lobbies, the two-level fitness center with ocean views, and a full-service spa among other shared spaces within the development.

 

Each of the building’s common areas will feature “signature items” showcasing the car brand’s trademark colors, stitching style, and materials—from polished wood and supple leather to carbon fiber with an emphasis on comfort.

 

Credit for the data above is given to the following websites:

www.emporis.com/buildings/1386750/aston-martin-residences...

www.paraninternational.com/new-development/aston-martin

 

© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.

 

A gift placed on a stone monument enshrining the "Fuji Sengen Daibosatsu".

This picture was taken at the summit of Kozukue Fuji (41m above sea level) in the forest of Kozukue Castle Remains in Kozukue-cho, Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, and Kanagawa.

French postcard by Editions P.I., Paris, no. 143, offered by Les Carbones Korès "Carboplane", no. 174.

 

Singer, actor, composer, author, and producer Harry Belafonte (1927) is one of the most successful African-American artists in history. As the 'King of Calypso', he popularized the Caribbean musical style internationally in the 1950s. His breakthrough album Calypso (1956) is the first million-selling album by a single artist and his hit The Banana Boat Song has become an evergreen. He also starred in several films, most notably in Otto Preminger's hit musical Carmen Jones (1954), Island in the Sun (1957), Odds Against Tomorrow (Robert Wise, 1959), Robert Altman's Kansas City (1996) and Bobby (Emilio Estevez, 2006). Throughout his career, he has been an advocate for humanitarian causes, such as the anti-apartheid movement and USA for Africa.

 

Harry Belafonte was born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr. at Lying-in Hospital in 1927, in Harlem, New York. He was the son of Melvine (née Love), a housekeeper, and Harold George Bellanfanti Sr., who worked as a chef. His mother was born in Jamaica, the child of a Scottish white mother and a black father. His father also was born in Jamaica, the child of a black mother and Dutch Jewish father of Sephardi origins. From 1932 to 1940, he lived with one of his grandmothers in her native country of Jamaica, where he attended Wolmer's Schools. When he returned to New York City, he attended George Washington High School after which he joined the Navy and served during World War II. In the 1940s, he was working as a janitor's assistant in NYC when a tenant gave him, as a gratuity, two tickets to see the American Negro Theater. He fell in love with the art form and also met Sidney Poitier. The financially struggling pair regularly purchased a single seat to local plays, trading places in between acts, after informing the other about the progression of the play. At the end of the 1940s, he took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with the influential German director Erwin Piscator alongside Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Walter Matthau, Bea Arthur, and Sidney Poitier, while performing with the American Negro Theatre in such plays as 'Days of Our Youth' (1946). In 1954, he would receive a Tony Award for his participation in the Broadway revue 'John Murray Anderson's Almanac'. Belafonte started his career in music as a club singer in New York to pay for his acting classes. The first time he appeared in front of an audience at the Village Vanguard in New York, he was backed by the Charlie Parker band, which included Charlie Parker himself, Max Roach, and Miles Davis, among others. At first, he was a pop singer, launching his recording career on the Roost label in 1949, but later he developed a keen interest in folk music, learning material through the Library of Congress' American folk songs archives. With guitarist and friend Millard Thomas, Belafonte soon made his debut at the legendary jazz club The Village Vanguard. In 1952, he received a contract with RCA Victor. His first widely released single, which went on to become his 'signature' song with audience participation in virtually all his live performances, was 'Matilda' (1953). His breakthrough album 'Calypso' (1956) became the first LP in the world to sell over 1 million copies within a year. It spent 31 weeks at number 1, 58 weeks in the top ten, and 99 weeks on the U.S. charts. The album introduced American audiences to calypso music, which had originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the early 20th century. Belafonte was dubbed the 'King of Calypso', a title he wore with reservations since he had no claims to any Calypso Monarch titles. One of the songs included in the album is the now famous 'Banana Boat Song' (listed as 'Day O' on the original release), which reached number five on the pop charts. His other smash hit was 'Jump in the Line'. Many of the compositions recorded for Calypso, including 'Banana Boat Song', gave songwriting credit to Irving Burgie. His triumphant success as an entertainer in the arts did not protect Belafonte from racial discrimination, particularly in the South. As a result, he refused to perform in the southern region of the United States from 1954 until 1961. Belafonte's first film role was in Bright Road (Gerald Mayer, 1953), in which he appeared alongside Dorothy Dandridge. In this low-budget film adapted from the Christopher Award-winning short story 'See How They Run' by Mary Elizabeth Vroman, Dandridge starred as an idealistic first-year elementary school teacher trying to reach out to a problem student. Belafonte played the principal of the school. The two subsequently starred in Otto Preminger's hit musical Carmen Jones (1954). The screenplay by Harry Kleiner was based on the lyrics and book by Oscar Hammerstein II, from the 1943 stage musical of the same name, set to the music of Georges Bizet's 1875 opera 'Carmen'. Ironically, Belafonte's singing in the film was dubbed by an opera singer, as Belafonte's own singing voice was seen as unsuitable for the role. Using his star clout, Belafonte was subsequently able to realise several then-controversial film roles. Island in the Sun (Robert Rossen, 1957) is about race relations and interracial romance set on the fictitious island of Santa Marta. The film was controversial at the time of its release for its hints of an affair between Belafonte's character and the character played by Joan Fontaine. The film also starred James Mason, Dorothy Dandridge, and Joan Collins. In 1959, he starred in and produced the Film Noir Odds Against Tomorrow (Robert Wise, 1959), in which he played a bank robber uncomfortably teamed with a racist partner (Robert Ryan). He also co-starred with Inger Stevens in the Science-Fiction doomsday film The World, the Flesh and the Devil (Ranald MacDougall, 1959). Belafonte was offered the role of Porgy in Porgy and Bess (Otto Preminger, 1959), based on the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess by George Gershwin, DuBose Heyward, and Ira Gershwin. Here he would have once again starred opposite Dorothy Dandridge, but he refused the role because he objected to its racial stereotyping. Sidney Poitier would play the role in the film. Dissatisfied with the film roles available to him, he returned to music during the 1960s.

 

While primarily known for calypso, Harry Belafonte has recorded in many different genres, including blues, folk, gospel, show tunes, and American standards. His second-most popular hit, which came immediately after 'The Banana Boat Song', was the comedic tune 'Mama Look at Bubu', also known as 'Mama Look a Boo-Boo' (originally recorded by Lord Melody in 1955), in which he sings humorously about misbehaving and disrespectful children. It reached number eleven on the pop chart. In 1959, he starred in Tonight With Belafonte, a nationally televised special that featured Odetta. Belafonte was the first Jamaican American to win an Emmy, for Revlon Revue: Tonight with Belafonte (1959). Belafonte recorded for RCA Victor from 1953 to 1974. Two live albums, both recorded at Carnegie Hall in 1959 and 1960, enjoyed critical and commercial success. From his 1959 album, 'Hava Nagila' became part of his regular routine and one of his signature songs. He was one of many entertainers recruited by Frank Sinatra to perform at the inaugural gala of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. That same year he released his second calypso album, 'Jump Up Calypso', which went on to become another million-seller. During the 1960s he introduced several artists to American audiences, most notably South African singer Miriam Makeba and Greek singer Nana Mouskouri. His album 'Midnight Special' (1962) included a young harmonica player named Bob Dylan. As The Beatles and other stars from Britain began to dominate the pop charts, Belafonte's commercial success diminished. His 'Belafonte at The Greek Theatre' was his last album to appear in Billboard's Top 40. His last hit single, 'A Strange Song', was released in 1967 and peaked at number 5 on the charts. Belafonte has received Grammy Awards for the albums 'Swing Dat Hammer' (1960) and 'An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba' (1965). The latter album dealt with the political plight of black South Africans under apartheid. In 1967, Belafonte was the first non-classical artist to perform at the prestigious Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) in Upstate New York, soon to be followed by concerts there by The Doors, The 5th Dimension, The Who, and Janis Joplin. In February 1968, Belafonte guest-hosted The Tonight Show substituting for Johnny Carson. Among his interview guests were Martin Luther King Jr. and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy. During the 1960s, he appeared on TV specials alongside such artists as Julie Andrews, Petula Clark, Lena Horne, and Nana Mouskouri. In 1968, Belafonte appeared on a Petula Clark TV special on NBC. In the middle of a song, Clark smiled and briefly touched Belafonte's arm. The show's sponsor, Plymouth Motors, wanted to cut out the segment, but Clark, who had ownership of the special, told NBC that the performance would be shown intact or not at all. American newspapers published articles reporting the controversy and, when the special aired, it grabbed huge ratings. In the early 1970s, Belafonte returned to the cinema in two films with Sidney Poitier. The Western Buck and the Preacher (Sidney Poitier, 1972) broke Hollywood Western traditions by casting blacks as central characters and portraying both tension and solidarity between African Americans and Native Americans in the late 19th century. Buck and the Preacher was one of the first films directed by an African American and to be based on a band of African Americans fighting against the White majority. The film was produced by Belafonte Enterprises, Columbia Pictures Corporation, and E & R Productions Corp. Uptown Saturday Night (Sidney Poitier, 1974) is an action-comedy crime film written by Richard Wesley and starring Sidney Poitier, Bill Cosby, and Harry Belafonte. Although the film received mixed reviews, it was a commercial success and was part of the Blaxploitation wave. Later, Cosby and Poitier teamed up again, without Belafonte, for the sequels Let's Do It Again (Sidney Poitier, 1975) and A Piece of the Action (Sidney Poitier, 1977).

 

Harry Belafonte's recording activity slowed after he left RCA in the mid-1970s. RCA released his fifth and final Calypso album, 'Calypso Carnival' in 1971. From the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Belafonte spent the greater part of his time touring Japan, Europe, Cuba, and elsewhere. In 1977, he released the album 'Turn the World Around' at Columbia Records. The album, with a strong focus on world music, was never issued in the United States. He subsequently was a guest star on a memorable episode of The Muppet Show (1978), in which he performed his signature song 'Day-O' on television for the first time. However, the episode is best known for Belafonte's rendition of the spiritual song 'Turn the World Around', from the album of the same name, which he performed with specially made Muppets that resembled African tribal masks. Belafonte reprised the song at John Henson's memorial in 1990. In 1984, Belafonte produced and scored the musical film Beat Street (Stan Lathan, 1984). Set in the South Bronx, the film follows the lives of a pair of brothers and their group of friends, all of whom are devoted to various elements of early hip hop culture. The cast included Rae Dawn Chong and Guy Davis. Together with Arthur Baker, Belafonte produced the gold-certified soundtrack of the same name. Beat Street's impact was felt internationally as well as throughout the United States. In Germany, for example, films as Beat Street are credited with introducing the hip-hop movement to the country. In 1985, he was one of the organisers behind the Grammy Award-winning song 'We Are the World', a multi-artist effort to raise funds for Africa, and performed in the Live Aid concert that same year. Belafonte's involvement in 'USA for Africa' resulted in renewed interest in his music, culminating in a record deal with EMI. He subsequently released his first album of original material in over a decade, 'Paradise in Gazankulu', (1988). The album contains ten protest songs against the South African former Apartheid policy and is his last studio album. As UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, Belafonte attended in 1988 a symposium in Harare, Zimbabwe, to focus attention on child survival and development in Southern African countries. As part of the symposium, he performed a concert for UNICEF. A Kodak video crew filmed the concert, which was released as a 60-minute concert video titled Global Carnival. Also in 1988, Tim Burton used 'The Banana Boat Song' and 'Jump in the Line' in his film Beetlejuice (Tim Burton, 1988). Belafonte appeared with John Travolta in the film drama White Man's Burden (1995), about racism in an alternative America where black and white Americans have reversed cultural roles. The film was written and directed by Desmond Nakano. The film revolves around Louis Pinnock (Travolta), a white factory worker, who kidnaps Thaddeus Thomas (Belafonte), a black factory owner for firing him over a perceived slight. The film gained a negative reception from the critics and was not a box office success. For Robert Altman's jazz age drama Kansas City (1996), he won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Kansas City, which stars Jennifer Jason Leigh and Miranda Richardson, is also notable for its musical score being integrated into the film, with modern-day musicians recreating the Kansas City jazz of 1930s. For instance, Craig Handy played the role of Coleman Hawkins, Geri Allen played Mary Lou Williams, and James Carter played Ben Webster. Following a lengthy recording hiatus, 'An Evening with Harry Belafonte and Friends' (1997), a soundtrack and video of a televised concert, were released by Island Records. 'The Long Road to Freedom: An Anthology of Black Music', a huge multi-artist project recorded by RCA during the 1960s and 1970s, was finally released by the label in 2001. Belafonte went on the Today Show to promote the album on 11 September 2001 and was interviewed by Katie Couric just minutes before the first plane hit the World Trade Center. The album was nominated for the 2002 Grammy Awards for Best Boxed Recording Package, for Best Album Notes, and for Best Historical Album. On television, Harry Belafonte starred as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in the TV drama Swing Vote (David Anspaugh, 1999) with Andy Garcia. In 2006, Belafonte appeared in the film Bobby, Emilio Estevez's ensemble drama about the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Belafonte played Nelson, a friend of an employee of the Ambassador Hotel (Anthony Hopkins). Belafonte received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1989. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1994 and he won a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. He performed sold-out concerts globally through the 1950s to the 2000s. Owing to illness, he was forced to cancel a reunion tour with Nana Mouskouri planned for the spring and summer of 2003 following a tour in Europe. His last concert was a benefit concert for the Atlanta Opera on 25 October 2003. In a 2007 interview, he stated that he had since retired from performing. In 2017 Harry Belafonte released 'When Colors Come Together', an anthology of his music for Sony Legends produced by his son David Belafonte. David wrote a remake of 'Island In The Sun', arranged by longtime Belafonte musical director Richard Cummings featuring Harry Belafonte's grandchildren Sarafina and Amadeus and a children's choir. Always outspoken in his beliefs, Belafonte achieved widespread attention for his political views in 2002 when he began making a series of negative comments about President George W. Bush and the Iraq War. Belafonte created controversy in October 2002 when he made disparaging remarks about Secretary of State Colin Powell. Far from being upset, Powell reportedly took the remarks good-humoured, refusing to inflame the situation any further. Belafonte's other controversial political statements on U.S. foreign policy have included opposing the U.S. embargo on Cuba, praising Soviet peace initiatives, attacking the U.S. invasion of Grenada, praising the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, honouring Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and praising Fidel Castro. On a Martin Luther King Day speech at Duke University in 2006, Belafonte compared the American government to the 9/11 terrorists. Belafonte and his first wife Marguerite Byrd were married from 1948 to 1957. They have two daughters: Adrienne and Shari, who also worked as an actress. In 1957, Belafonte married his second wife Julie Robinson, a former dancer with the Katherine Dunham Company who was of Jewish descent. They had two children, David and Gina. David, the only son of Harry Belafonte, is a former model and actor and is an Emmy-winning and Grammy-nominated music producer and the executive director of the family-held company Belafonte Enterprises Inc. As a music producer, David has been involved in most of Belafonte's albums and tours and productions. After 47 years of marriage, Belafonte and Robinson got a divorce. In April 2008, Harry Belafonte married photographer Pamela Frank. Recently, Belafonte returned to the cinema in Spike Lee's biographical crime film BlacKkKlansman (2018) as an elderly civil rights pioneer. Set in 1970s Colorado Springs, the plot follows the first African-American detective in the city's police department as he sets out to infiltrate and expose the local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan. BlacKkKlansman premiered at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix. Belafonte appears in the film recounting the lynching of Jesse Washington, a black teenage farmhand who was lynched in the county seat of Waco, Texas, on 15 May 1916, in what became a well-known example of racially motivated lynching. In 2019, the film won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay. It was written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Spike Lee.

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

The trail to Angels Landing offers drop dead, gorgeous views of Zion National Park's valley, thousands of feet below. In late October, the colors of autumn creep thru this magical place while the Virgin River, just a trickle at this time of year, winds its way thru the park. The hike to Angels Landing, while quite strenuous, and not for the faint hearted, is one of the most breathtaking experiences I've found in any of our country's national parks. I can't recommend it enough to anyone who enjoys a challenge with potentially great rewards. Late October is the ideal time to enjoy cool weather, light crowds and spectacular colors throughout the park.

Zion National Park, Utah.

 

View on black or gray / B l a c k M a g i c

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Ocean Terminal offers a great opportunity to observe different bus stock and it's a quiet and safe place to take photographs. I have always felt this to be one of my favourite locations for bus photography.

 

Working on Service 22 Volvo B7TL / Wright Eclipse Gemini, number 721 (SN55 BLX) is in the company of Omni City Scania number 988 (SN57 DBO).

 

This small group of Polish buses were for a time the only buses Lothian had that were not made in Great Britain and the photograph provides a chance to compare two designs. Note how immaculate both of these vehicles are.

 

Size 8 High Offer: 300 plus practice shoes

First letter reads: T. Proctor Hall / M.A., PH.D., M.D. / 1801 Davie Street / Vancouver, Canada - Sunday, Dec. 19, 1920 - Dear Vic, I have written the Abbott Alk. Co. to send to your address a few bottles of medicine and two gross empty bottles. The value of the empty bottles and corks is about $3; and of the medicines an average of $1.25 per bottle. Technically they are all called "pills". Take all the wrappers of the medicines, and they will not take much room among your things. Mrs Cook was buried yesterday. Mrs Cartwright was at the funeral and returns to Seattle tomorrow. We are expecting you Friday morning. If you have a lot of books it is better to pack them in a separate box and, if you have accepted a position in U.S., store them with dome delivery Co. until your return, when they can be sent directly to the Station. Au revoir, ma chere fille, (Goodbye my dear daughter) - signed T. P. Hall

 

added on the bottom of the letter: Dear Vic, If you pack your few medicines discreetly you will not have any bother with them. R.M.H. (Ruth Maude Hall / her stepmother) - Money is over 18%.

 

His second wife - Ruth Maude (nee McManus) Hall

(b. 1868 in Iowa, United States – d. 8 September 1942 at age 74 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) - they were married - 10 September 1902 in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA)

 

Clipped from - The Province newspaper - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada - 8 September 1942 - Dr. Ruth M. Hall Called by Death Pioneer woman physician, Dr. Ruth Maude Hall, died on Tuesday in her 76th year. She lived at Garrow Bay, Whytecliff, B.C. Born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, she first took up nursing and then became Interested In medicine, graduating from National Medical College in Chicago in 1902. She married Dr. T. P. Hall in 1902 and came with him to British Columbia in 1905. In 1906 the two opened the Hillside Hospital at Burrard and Barclay in collaboration with Dr Ernest Hall and Dr. Robert Telford. In 1908 her husband entered private practice and until his death in 1931 she aided him in his work. Surviving are one son, Dr. Vernon K. Hall, Garrow Bay; two daughters, Miss A, V. Hall of Seattle and Miss U. F. Hall of Vancouver, and three nieces, Miss E. Mildred McManes and Mrs. R. E. Taylor of Vancouver and Mrs. Roy Stchman of Bremerton, Wash., and three granddaughters, The funeral will be held Thursday at 3:30 p.m. from the T. Edwards Chapel to Capllano View Cemetery.

 

Second letter reads: T. Proctor Hall / M.A., PH.D., M.D. / 1801 Davie Street / Vancouver, Canada - Tuesday night (21 December 1920) - Dear Vio, I have just seen Mr. Dougan at the Child - welfare meeting. He today got word from Nanaimo that they depend on him for two teachers; one in Drawing, Algebra and French. But he knows there is a teacher there who is well up in French, and there would probably be little trouble in adjusting to work among the six teachers. The salary is $1900. I told him we would all like it better to have you nearer home; and to wire Nanaimo whether your services would be acceptable. If so, he will wire you by Wed. night. (page 2) If this position is offered you to at once (or telephone, if it is late) to the man who got you the Idaho position; tell him the conditions and ask him to wire Idaho (at your expense) requesting a release, because offered a much better salary near home. In such cases it is usually easy to find a substitute, and the request is very seldom refused. Stay another day in Seattle, if necessary, to get things cleared up. Of course if Mr. Dougan's offer is not definite and positive no action need be taken. But if it is, act promptly. T. P. Hall (her father)

 

Clipped from - Times Colonist newspaper - Victoria, British Columbia, Canada - 25 March 1931 - DR. THOMAS PROCTOR HALL OF VANCOUVER DIED TO-DAY - Brother of Dr. Ernest Hall, Victoria Physician, Succumbs in Terminal City - Dr. Thomas Proctor Hall, seventy-two, physician, scientist and educationist, died at 4 o'clock this morning at the family residence, Crown Crescent, Vancouver, following an illness from heart disease, it was learned here to-day. He was a brother of Dr. Ernest Hall, well-known Victoria physician, and practiced here for a short period many years ago. Dr. Hall, who had resided in Vancouver for the last twenty-six years, had patented literally dozens of inventions and had made many scientific discoveries for which he had not taken out patents. They ranged from a system of reproducing the human voice almost a quarter of a century ago, to taking the flicker out of the early type motion pictures, an automatic stop for gramophones and a model for demonstrating the theory of the fourth dimension. Of unusual ability, he was a specialist In physical science and In mathematics as well as his chosen profession of medicine. Of so retiring and modest a disposition was he, however, than even many of his close friends were unaware of all his talents. With the exception of a new type of therapeutic lamp, his inventions have never been placed on the market. Dr. Hall, among his other scientific investigations, had done a great deal of research work in connection with X-ray. Besides the degrees of B.A.. M.A. and M.D. he was entitled to carry after his name, he had been awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, both by Clark University and the Illinois Wesleyan University. He was an honor graduate of the University of Toronto, McMaster University, Toronto, and the National Medical University in Chicago. FOURTH DIMENSION MODEL - Forty years ago he left at Clark University, a model to demonstrate the theory of the fourth dimension. From 1883 to 1884 Dr. Hall was a fellow of Toronto University. For the following five years he was science master at Woodstock College, Ontario. His teaching record was a varied one, including also professorships in natural science at Tabor College, Iowa; physics, Kansas City University; physics and chemistry, National-Medical University, Chicago, and electro-physics, Chicago College of X-ray and Electro-therapy. LEAVES RELATIVES Dr. Vernon K. Hall, his son, practices medicine in Vancouver. Two daughters. Miss A. Violet Hall and Miss Unina S. Hall, reside in Vancouver. Mrs. R. E. Taylor, Mrs. I. Brodigan and Miss Mildred McManus, nieces of the late Dr. Hall, made their home with him for many years. Besides Dr. Ernest Hall, another brother, John Hall, resides in Denver and a nephew. Kenneth McManus, lives in San Francisco. Dr. Ernest Hall left Victoria this afternoon to attend the funeral.

Mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Cobra/155/172/21

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

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Ziggit offers Pins Button for Fashionable Event Promotions, Company Gifts, Trade Show Giveaways, Employee Awards, Fundraising, Brand Awareness or collecting.

 

ziggitstyle.com

In Savill Garden's Autumn Wood Japanese maples offer a tapestry of autumn tints. The new lakeside path offers views across the water.

 

The Savill Garden is an enclosed part of Windsor Great Park in England, created by Sir Eric Savill in the 1930s. It is managed by the Crown Estate and charges an entrance fee. The garden includes woodland, ornamental areas and a pond. The attractions include the New Zealand Garden, the Queen Elizabeth Temperate House and trees planted by members of the Royal Family. In June 2010, a new contemporary rose garden designed by Andrew Wilson and Gavin McWilliam of Wilson McWilliam Studio was opened by Queen Elizabeth II.

 

Eric Savill (1895–1980) was the grandson of Alfred Savill the founder of a large firm of estate agents and was involved in managing Windsor Great Park from 1930 to 1970, being Director of Gardens from 1962 to 1970. He opened the Savill Garden to the public in 1951 and left it as a heritage to the nation.

 

In June 2006, a specially designed new visitor centre, the Savill Building by Glenn Howells Architects was opened. The timber for the floor and roof came from the Windsor Estate.

 

The Savill Gardens and the nearby Valley Gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savill_Garden

The Phoenix metro area is still filled with empty lots, once farms, as the property owners hold out for higher prices to sell out. View large.

 

Minolta XG-M with Fujichrome Tungsten ISO64 (T64) 35mm slide film, cross-processed.

"..I offer my love, for you

When my heart was never open

(and my spirit never free)

To the world that you have shown me

But my eyes could not division

All the colours of love and of life ever more

Evermore.."

 

I See You - Leona Lewis

  

- - - - - -

 

I love the movie Avatar [yes the one with the blue people!] it's my favorite. My mom's room is the coldest one in the house & her window is always dewy like this, especially with the weather deviating so much liek this....so, I had a photoshoot. & i keep forgetting to take my tripod out of her car dammit!

 

lol

 

enjoy! <3

Cavo Tagoo Hotel ***** Special Offer for a LIMITED TIME !! ift.tt/2j30eY8

Nabisco had an offer in the early 1960s with their Shredded Wheat cerials whereby if you collected 10 tokens from the end of the box you could send them off and get a free Dinky Toy - happy days!!

The Dinky Toys Anglia was introduced in 1961.

The models with the original mailing box are very rare, the outer box from Nabisco would have gone straight into the bin or on the back of the fire.

I offer private street photography workshops in Brighton Beach all year around and I have the occasional group workshop www.shootnewyorkcity.com/workshops there.

[Today I leave home for a few days. I will resume uploading on Monday, August 4, or possibly on Tuesday. Thank you for your understanding.]

 

Built during the early 1100s, the parochial church of the village of Merlévenez features a very interesting set of so-called “broken” or “pointy” arches in the nave, instead of the more traditional barrel arches. Contrary to what some internet sites claim, the “broken” arch was not invented by the Cistercians. It is a pure product of Cluniac architectural research, therefore invented by the mainstream Benedictines and not by their Cistercian offshoot. It is probably not the Cistercians that brought that shape to Brittany and built this church, as all those examples supplied by such web sites of Cistercians foundations using that same pointy arch date from 1130 at the earliest, when Merlévenez was probably almost completed already. Those web sites mistake the effect for the cause: it is indeed likely that the Cistercians found their own inspiration in Merlévenez, instead of having inspired it, or else (and perhaps more likely) they simply found that inspiration in Cluny.

 

In addition to this architectural feature, this church also offers some very interesting sculpted and historied capitals that have interestingly archaic characteristics, even though one must of course also account for the difficulty inherent in sculpting granite.

 

Naive, archaic human faces on capitals in the nave.

義父が２月９日に逝去しました。倒れてから1ヶ月、安らかに眠るように逝きました。花が好きだった義父に見せたかった。

The Sigulda cable car offers a ride over the Gauja valley, enjoying the view of a wonderful landscape over a distance of multiple kilometres. In a height of 43 m above ground the Sigulda cable car connects both sides of the river Gauja in a width of 1020 m and excites with a picturesque valley of Gauja, three medieval castles – Sigulda, Turaida, and Krimulda, the bobsleigh track, and Gauja bridge. The cable car is the oldest vehicle of its kind in the Baltic States. Welcome to a ride above tree tops!

 

The cable car on the route Sigulda-Krimulda-Sigulda runs every 20 or 30 minutes. Tickets can be purchased at the Sigulda box office or at the Krimulda stop (when the car stops, from the cable car attendant). Access for both ticket and gift card holders on an equal live queue basis.

 

siguldaadventures.com/en/cablecar

Hamley Bridge- two towns, two rivers, two rail gauges.

A district council was declared at nearby Saddleworth in 1868 although land had first been offered for sale here in 1856 when the Hundred of Alma was declared. Thus the first settlement was at Alma and not Hamley Bridge. When the railway line came through on its way to Burra a railway siding was located here called Alma. A private town grew up around it from 1868 and in 1879 became known as Hamley Bridge. The first town lots were sold in 1871 for an average of £11 for the best main street sites! Land was not put up for sale on the northern side of the railway line until 1884 when the state government gazetted the town of Duffield. In the 1890s both towns had similar populations but Hamley Bridge had outstripped Duffield in terms of population by 1921 when the whole town area changed to Hamley Bridge. It had a population of almost 800 in that year. Like Wasleys it too had three chaff mills, a blacksmith and other industries from its early years making stump jump ploughs, wheat strippers etc. Once the combine which combined seed and superphosphate was developed in the 1890s the farming population of the district increased as returns and yields improved. This was the heyday of the town.

 

The first railway went on to Burra in 1870 but when the link across to Balaklava and the copper triangle mining towns of Moonta and Kadina was opened in 1880 the town prospered more. After all, the copper triangle was the largest population centre outside of Adelaide and all goods had to be manually handled in Hamley Bridge as there was a change of gauge here to a narrow gauge line to Balaklava. The wife of the Acting Governor, Colonel Francis Hamley gave his name to the town in 1879 when she visited to open the new railway station. Here were employed drivers, firemen, cleaners, guards, porters, labourers and clerks. The town boomed. All this collapsed, however in 1927 when the line to Balaklava and beyond was converted to broad gauge (5’3”). At that time Hamley Bridge had three main platforms and daily trains to Adelaide, Broken Hill, and Moonta. Pictured above the 1868 Railway Bridge. The bridge to cross the Light River was a major expense and structure on the line to Burra. It is one of the highest bridges in SA rail network. It was strengthened in 1904 and new steel girders were added in 1924.

 

The churches of Hamley Bridge began in the 1870s with the Congregational Church in 1874, the Anglican church of St Thomas in 1889 and the Methodist Church in 1910. The Catholic community of Hamley Bridge originally worshiped at Pinkerton Plains two miles out of town. The Pinkerton church was built in 1864. The first Catholic Church built in the town was erected in 1897. But in 1922 a new larger and outstanding Catholic Church was built up near the hospital. It has an adjoining presbytery built at the same time.

Hamley Bridge Bowling Club, where we will have lunch was founded in 1926 and the current Clubrooms were opened in 1951 with further extensions in 1958.

 

Buildings on your Historical Walk.

1.Old Road Bridge. This bridge across the Light is on the register of the National Estate. It is probably the oldest steel bridge in SA with steel trusses and stone arches and piers. It was constructed in 1892 at a cost of over £4,000.

2.The Old Brick Yards. To the left of the main road you might be lucky enough to see the ruins of the old brickworks which supplied bricks for the town, including some beautiful old street gutters.

3.The Institute. Note the prominent position at the end of the main street. It was built in 1884 of local limestone. The new more classical style façade and front rooms were added in 1904. On the diagonal corner to the north, note the unusual roof angles of the Durdins Builders and Undertakers.

4.Memorial to Catholic Church, corner of Gilbert and Light Streets. This delightful small stone grotto commemorates the Catholic Church which was built on this spot in 1897. It also refers to the 1871 Mary McKillop School that was opened in Hamley Bridge. The church was demolished after the new St Mary’s church was opened in 1922. A Catholic School operated on this site until 1961.

5.Butchers Shop on the corner of Annie Street. The adjacent residence is fascinating. Note the fancy bargeboards to the gables, and the decorative gutter ends. It dates from 1887. The shop part has always been a butcher shop. Walk up Annie Street behind the shops to see the old stables, the limestone garden wall topped with broken glass, and the fine brick street gutters.

6.General Store and Post Office. Note the two fine pediments along the roofline. Inside there is still a long wooden general store counter and wooden shelving. It was opened in 1902 and the Bohnsack family operated it for many years. The first Post Office opened in the town in 1869 and the telephone linkage in 1905.

7.1906 House. This well constructed and impressive residence with its date on the pediment was originally a bank. This is why it looks grand for a normal residence. It was later used by a saddler.

8.Hamley Bridge Hotel. It is typical of an 1872 SA hotel which used to be a single storey building with a second storey added later. It is now rendered and the upper veranda demolished. It ceased operating as a hotel in 1960.

9.Apex Park and Station Platform. Walk through this park to gain access to the railway station platforms. You can walk to the end of the station to see the signal box and two water towers. Note the fancy steel rounded roof shelter supports. The station is a private residence.

10.Police Station across the road from Apex Park. It was built in 1880 and typical of the times. Note the old cells and lock ups in the back yard.

11.Railway Station. It is hard to see much of this current private residence. The station was a grand building in its day reflecting the importance of the break of rail gauge in the town

 

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

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Belgian card offered by Nieuwe Merksemsche Chocolaterie SPRL, Merksem (Antwerp). Photo: Lux- Film, Roma. Silvana Mangano as the rice picker Silvana in Riso amaro/ Bitter Rice (Giuseppe De Santis, 1949), released in Flanders and the Netherlands as Bittere Rijst.

 

Beautiful Italian film star Silvana Mangano (1930-1989) will be remembered most for the sexy rice picker in Riso Amaro/Bitter Rice (1949), and for Tadzio's elegant mother in Morte a Venezia/Death in Venice (1971).

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

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On the western slopes of Mount Ida, Adatepe village offers unforgettable vistas, situated at the northern end of the Edremit Gulf, 280 meters above sea level. Despite its proximity to bustling holiday resorts, Adatepe maintains a serene charm that has endured since 1912. Historical records trace its origins to the 10th century, founded by the Çepni tribe of the Oghuz Turks. The village has been a continuous settlement for over five centuries, evident from its appearance on maps dating back to 1530 and the discovery of Seljuk-era gravestones from the 1200s.

 

In the 1950s, economic challenges spurred migration to urban areas, causing neglect of many village structures and a decline in its architectural and cultural heritage. However, in the 1980s, Adatepe experienced a revival as city dwellers sought refuge in its traditional stone houses, built with local materials. Today, the village retains a modern yet rustic atmosphere, centered around a village square adorned with ancient plane trees, coffeehouses, and historic homes.

 

Adatepe boasts both a mosque in the northwest and a church in the south, reflecting its diverse cultural history. The village's unique charm lies in its well-preserved traditional architecture, surrounded by lush gardens and stone walls, all under the protective gaze of the Türkiye Ministry of Culture.

 

Set against the backdrop of the northern Aegean's scenic beauty, Adatepe provides a glimpse into a harmonious past where Turkish and Greek cultures coexisted and thrived. Renowned for its production of 'olive milk', a local health tonic, Adatepe continues to attract visitors seeking tranquility and cultural enrichment.

 

I'm delighted to share five snapshots from my recent visit to Adatepe on my Flickr account, capturing the village's timeless allure. I hope you enjoy them as much as I did capturing them.

 

I've captured some memorable moments with my camera, and I genuinely hope you'll experience the same joy in viewing these images as I did in capturing them.

 

Thank you immensely for visiting my gallery, whether you leave comments, add favorites, or simply take a moment to look around. Your support means a lot to me, and I wish you the best of luck and beautiful light in all your endeavors.

 

© All rights reserved by R.Ertug. Please refrain from using this image without my explicit written permission. If you're interested in purchasing or using it, feel free to contact me via Flickr mail.

 

Your comments and critiques are highly valued.

 

Thanks for taking the time to stop by and explore :)

   

Call me Snake offers an optimistic provocation – ‘imagine what could be here’ by Judy Millar. On a walk into the city October 3, 2015 Christchurch New Zealand.

 

The work is comprised of vibrant graphics of Millar’s looped paintings, which are adhered to five intersecting flat planes, and draws inspiration from the forms found in pop-up books. The colourful piece will add a dramatic and rhythmic counterpoint to the city’s current urban landscape — a mix of flattened sites, construction zones and defiant buildings that have stood through the quakes. The work employs theatricality, playfulness and visual trickery, whereby the viewer is unsure about the work’s flatness or three-dimensionality; and it has been designed to offer a different perspective from each angle. The bright colours interrupt the grey of the work’s surrounds, and as buildings pop up around it,

SCAPE 8, New Intimacies curated by Rob Garrett was a contemporary art event which mixed new artworks with existing legacy pieces, an education programme, and a public programme of events. The SCAPE 8 artworks were located around central Christchurch and linked via a public art walkway. All aspects of SCAPE 8 were free-to-view.

 

The title for the 2015 Biennial – New Intimacies – came from the idea that visually striking and emotionally engaging public art works can create new connections between people and places. Under the main theme of New Intimacies there are three other themes that artists responded to: Sight-Lines, Inner Depths and Shared Strengths.

For more Info: www.scapepublicart.org.nz/scape-8-judy-millar

Aston Martin Residences offer breathtaking views of the Miami River, Biscayne Bay, and Brickell skyline. Additionally, Aston Martin Residences will be within walking distance of Whole Foods, Brickell City Centre, and Mary Brickell Village.

 

​Aston Martin’s design team will design the building’s interior common spaces including the two private lobbies, the two-level fitness center with ocean views, and a full-service spa among other shared spaces within the development.

 

Each of the building’s common areas will feature “signature items” showcasing the car brand’s trademark colors, stitching style, and materials—from polished wood and supple leather to carbon fiber with an emphasis on comfort.

 

Credit for the data above is given to the following websites:

www.emporis.com/buildings/1386750/aston-martin-residences...

www.paraninternational.com/new-development/aston-martin

 

© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.

 

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

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Lizenzierung von Katzenfotos

 

This photo offers a better view of the bird-of-paradise. Aside from the curious "tear" (the shot was taken on a hot, sunny day), this closeup is simply a straight forward shot of a beautiful and colorful tropical flower. The photo was taken in March 2013, with my trusty Olympus digital camera. Enjoy.

French postcard by Editions P.I., Paris, offered by Les Carbones Korès, no. 336. Photo: Warner Bros.

 

Ingrid Bergman (1915-1982) was ‘Sweden's illustrious gift to Hollywood’. In the 1940s the fresh and naturally beautiful actress won three Oscars, twice an Emmy, and once a Tony Award for Best Actress. Little known is that before she went to Hollywood she already had a European film career.

 

Ingrid Bergman was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1915 to a Swedish father and a German mother. At age 17, she had a taste of acting when she played an uncredited role of a girl standing in line in the Swedish film Landskamp (Gunnar Skoglund, 1932). The next year she was accepted to the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, but she soon decided that stage acting was not for her. During her first summer break, she was hired at a Swedish film studio to work in film full-time. Her first film part was in Munkbrogreven/The Count of the Old Town (Edvin Adolphson, 1935), where she had a speaking part as Elsa Edlund. In the following years, she made a dozen films in Sweden that established her as a class actress. Among them were Bränningar/The Surf (Ivar Johansson, 1935) and Dollar (Gustaf Mollander, 1938). Another film, En kvinnas ansikte (Gustaf Molander, 1938) would later be remade as A Woman's Face with Joan Crawford. Bergman also made a film in Germany, Die Vier Gesellen/The Four Companions (Carl Froelich, 1938).

 

Ingrid Bergman's breakthrough film was Intermezzo (Gustaf Molander, 1936), in which she played a pianist who has a love affair with a celebrated and married violinist, played by Gösta Ekman. Hollywood producer David O. Selznick saw it and sent a representative from MGM to gain the rights to the story and have the actress sign a contract. Ingrid went to California and starred in MGM's remake Intermezzo: A Love Story (Gregory Ratoff, 1939), reprising her original role. The film was a hit and so was Ingrid. Her beauty was unlike anything the movie industry had seen before and her acting was superb. She was under contract to go back to Sweden to film Juninatten/A Night in June (Per Lindberg, 1940). Back in the US, she appeared in three films, all well-received. In 1942 she played in only one film, but that film, Casablanca (Michael Curtiz, 1942), would make her a huge star. Bergman chose her roles well after Casablanca. In 1943, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her role in Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls (Sam Wood, 1943), the only film she made that year. The critics and public didn't forget her when she made Gaslight (George Cukor, 1944) the following year - her role as the persecuted wife of Charles Boyer got her the Oscar for Best Actress. In 1945, Ingrid played in Spellbound (Alfred Hitchcock, 1945) with Gregory Peck, Saratoga Trunk (Sam Wood, 1945), and The Bells of St. Mary's (Leo McCarey, 1945), for which she received her third Oscar nomination for her part as Sister Benedict.

 

Ingrid Bergman also worked with Alfred Hitchcock on another classic, Notorious (1946) with Cary Grant, and the less successful Under Capricorn (1949) with Joseph Cotten. Bergman went to Alaska during World War II in order to entertain troops. Soon after the war ended, she also went to Europe for the same purpose, where she was able to see the devastation caused by the war. It was during this time that she began a relationship with the famous photographer Robert Capa. She made no films in 1947 but bounced back with a fourth nomination for Joan of Arc (Victor Fleming, 1948). She played the part of Jeanne d'Arc three times in her career: on stage in 1946 in Maxwell Anderson's Joan of Lorraine for which she won the Tony Award, in the film version in 1948, and in 1954 in the Italian film Giovanna d'Arco al rogo/Joan of Arc at the Stake (Roberto Rossellini, 1954), based on a 1935 dramatic oratorio by Arthur Honegger. But in 1949 Saint Ingrid first would suffer a sudden and disastrous fall from grace. In 1949 Ingrid Bergman went to Italy to film Stromboli (1950), directed by Roberto Rossellini. She fell in love with him and got pregnant. The pregnancy caused a huge scandal in the United States. It even led to Bergman being denounced on the floor of the US Senate by Edwin C. Johnson, a Democratic senator, who referred to her as "a horrible example of womanhood and a powerful influence for evil." In addition, there was a floor vote, which resulted in her being made 'persona non grata'. The scandal forced Bergman to exile herself to Italy, leaving her husband, Dr. Petter Lindström, and daughter, Pia Lindström in the United States. Dr. Lindström eventually sued for desertion and waged a custody battle for their daughter.

 

In 1950, Ingrid Bergman married Rossellini and the same year their son, Renato Roberto, was born. In 1952 Ingrid had twins, Isotta and Isabella Rossellini. Isabella would later become an outstanding actress in her own right, as did her half-sister Pia.

From 1950 to 1955 Bergman and Rossellini made six films together: Stromboli (1950), Europa '51/No Greater Love (1952), a segment of Siamo donne/We, the Women (1953), Viaggio in Italia/Voyage in Italy (1954), La paura/Fear (1954) and Giovanna d'Arco al rogo/Joan of Arc at the Stake (1954). These films were ahead of their time but were generally not received well, especially in the US, where many conservative political and religious leaders still raised a hue and cry about her past. Bergman also starred in Jean Renoir's Elena et les Hommes/Elena and Her Men (1956), a romantic comedy where she played a Polish princess caught in political intrigue. Although the film wasn't a success, it has since come to be regarded as one of her best performances. Finally, after being exiled from Hollywood for seven years, Bergman returned opposite Yul Brynner in the title role in Anastasia (Anatole Litvak, 1956), which was filmed in England. For this, she won her second Academy Award. She had scarcely missed a beat. The award was accepted for her by her friend Cary Grant. Bergman would not make her first post-scandal public appearance in Hollywood until the 1958 Academy Awards when she was the presenter of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Furthermore, after being introduced by Cary Grant and walking out on stage to present, she was given a standing ovation. In 1957 she divorced Rosselini and in 1958 she married Lars Schmidt, a theatrical entrepreneur from a wealthy Swedish shipping family. After all the years she spent away from Hollywood, she still managed to maintain her status as a major star, as the success of films like Indiscreet (Stanley Donen, 1958) opposite Cary Grant and The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (Mark Robson, 1958) with Curd Jürgens showed.

 

In the 1960s, Ingrid Bergman concentrated on stage work and television appearances, and collaborated with her husband, theatrical producer Lars Schmidt, in such TV plays as The Turn of The Screw (John Frankenheimer, 1960) for which she won an Emmy Award and Twenty-Four Hours in a Woman's Life (Silvio Narrizano, 1961). She didn't appear in as many films as she had before, but she continued to bounce between Europe and the US making films. After a long hiatus, Bergman appeared in Cactus Flower (Gene Saks, 1968), with Walter Matthau and Goldie Hawn. In 1972, Senator Charles H. Percy entered an apology into the Congressional Record for the attack made on Bergman 22 years earlier by Edwin C. Johnson. Bergman won her third Academy Award for her role as Greta Ohlsson in Murder on the Orient Express (Sidney Lumet, 1974). Her performance is contained in a single scene: her interrogation by Poirot, captured in a single continuous take, nearly five minutes long. By 1975 Ingrid Bergman had divorced again. In her final big-screen performance in Höstsonaten/Autumn Sonata (Ingmar Bergman, 1978) she had her seventh Academy Award nomination. Bergman plays in this film a celebrity pianist who returns to Sweden to visit her neglected daughter, played by Liv Ullmann. Though she didn't win the Oscar, many felt it was the best performance of her career. In the late 1970s, Ingrid Bergman first discovered the symptoms of cancer and underwent a mastectomy. Her last role was in the television film A Woman Called Golda (Alan Gibson, 1982), about the late Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. Ingrid Bergman died in 1982, in London, the day after having a small party with a few friends for her 67th birthday. At her burial a single violin played the song As Time Goes By, the theme from Casablanca, recalling her most famous role, that of Ilsa Lund. That year her daughter, Pia Lindström accepted the Emmy Award for Best Actress that Ingrid won posthumously for A Woman Called Golda. Seventeen years later, in 1999, she was ranked #4 in the American Film Institute's list of greatest female screen legends. Later she was ranked #5 in Premiere's list of 'The 50 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time'. Ingrid Bergman continues to be a cultural icon - for her films and for her innocent, natural beauty.

 

Sources: Denny Jackson, Naim81 and Ezio Flavio de Freitas (IMDb), Wikipedia, Hitchcock.tv, and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

One of the older beautiful homes located in the Helligkorsgade area of #Kolding, which is a wonderful #Danish city to visit & is located in #Jutland #Denmark & is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling! It has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.

 

treasuresoftraveling.com/the-city-of-kolding-and-gymnasti...

Aston Martin Residences offer breathtaking views of the Miami River, Biscayne Bay, and Brickell skyline. Additionally, Aston Martin Residences will be within walking distance of Whole Foods, Brickell City Centre, and Mary Brickell Village.

 

​Aston Martin’s design team will design the building’s interior common spaces including the two private lobbies, the two-level fitness center with ocean views, and a full-service spa among other shared spaces within the development.

 

Each of the building’s common areas will feature “signature items” showcasing the car brand’s trademark colors, stitching style, and materials—from polished wood and supple leather to carbon fiber with an emphasis on comfort.

 

Credit for the data above is given to the following websites:

www.emporis.com/buildings/1386750/aston-martin-residences...

www.paraninternational.com/new-development/aston-martin

 

© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.

 

A missing filter... Picture or maybe in the air of the time that brews a little anguish, it grinds ideas by dint of filtering the words... the cunning life with a twist. Angel or mill?

  

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in conspiracy theories and misinformation about the scale of the pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.[1][2][3] False information, including intentional disinformation, has been spread through social media,[2][4] text messages,[5] and mass media,[6] including the tabloid media,[7] conservative media,[8][9] state media of countries such as China,[10][11] Russia,[12][13] Iran,[14] and Turkmenistan.[2][15] It has also been spread by state-backed covert operations to generate panic and sow distrust in other countries.[16][17]

 

Misinformation has been propagated by celebrities, politicians[18][19] (including heads of state in countries such as the United States,[20][21] Iran,[22] and Brazil[23]), and other prominent public figures.[24] Commercial scams have claimed to offer at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures.[25][26] Politicians and leaders of some countries have promoted purported cures, while some religious groups said that the faith of their followers and God will protect them from the virus.[27][28][29] Others have claimed the virus is a lab-developed bio-weapon that was accidentally leaked,[30][31] or deliberately designed to target a country,[32] or one with a patented vaccine, a population control scheme, the result of a spy operation,[3][4] or linked to 5G networks.[33]

 

The World Health Organization has declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus, which poses risks to global health.[2]

 

Types and origin and effect

On January 30, the BBC reported about the increasing spread of conspiracy theories and false health advice in relation to COVID-19. Notable examples at the time included false health advice shared on social media and private chats, as well as conspiracy theories such as the origin in bat soup and the outbreak being planned with the participation of the Pirbright Institute.[1][34] On January 31, The Guardian listed seven instances of misinformation, adding the conspiracy theories about bioweapons and the link to 5G technology, and including varied false health advice.[35]

 

In an attempt to speed up research sharing, many researches have turned to preprint servers such as arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv or SSRN. Papers can be uploaded to these servers without peer review or any other editorial process that ensures research quality. Some of these papers have contributed to the spread of conspiracy theories. The most notable case was a preprint paper uploaded to bioRxiv which claimed that the virus contained HIV "insertions". Following the controversy, the paper was withdrawn.[36][37][38]

 

According to a study published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, most misinformation related to COVID-19 involves "various forms of reconfiguration, where existing and often true information is spun, twisted, recontextualised, or reworked". While less misinformation "was completely fabricated". The study found no deep fakes in the studied sample. The study also found that "top-down misinformation from politicians, celebrities, and other prominent public figures", while accounting for a minority of the samples, captured a majority of the social media engagement. According to their classification, the largest category of misinformation (39%) includes "misleading or false claims about the actions or policies of public authorities, including government and international bodies like the WHO or the UN".[39]

 

A natural experiment correlated coronavirus misinformation with increased infection and death; of two similar television news shows on the same network, one took coronavirus seriously about a month earlier than the other. People and groups exposed to the slow-response news show had higher infection and death rates.[40]

 

The misinformations have been used by politicians, interest groups, and state actors in many countries to scapegoat other countries for the mishandling of the domestic responses, as well as furthering political, financial agenda.[41][42][43]

 

Combative efforts

Further information: Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on journalism

File:ITU - AI for Good Webinar Series - COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation during COVID-19.webm

International Telecommunication Union

On February 2, the World Health Organization (WHO) described a "massive infodemic", citing an over-abundance of reported information, accurate and false, about the virus that "makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it". The WHO stated that the high demand for timely and trustworthy information has incentivised the creation of a direct WHO 24/7 myth-busting hotline where its communication and social media teams have been monitoring and responding to misinformation through its website and social media pages.[44][45][46] The WHO specifically debunked several claims as false, including the claim that a person can tell if they have the virus or not simply by holding their breath; the claim that drinking large amounts of water will protect against the virus; and the claim that gargling salt water prevents infection.[47]

 

In early February, Facebook, Twitter and Google said they were working with WHO to address "misinformation".[48] In a blogpost, Facebook stated they would remove content flagged by global health organizations and local authorities that violate its content policy on misinformation leading to "physical harm".[49] Facebook is also giving free advertising to WHO.[50] Nonetheless, a week after Trump's speculation that sunlight could kill the virus, the New York Times found "780 Facebook groups, 290 Facebook pages, nine Instagram accounts and thousands of tweets pushing UV light therapies," content which those companies declined to remove from their platforms.[51]

 

At the end of February, Amazon removed more than a million products claimed to cure or protect against coronavirus, and removed tens of thousands of listings for health products whose prices were "significantly higher than recent prices offered on or off Amazon", although numerous items were "still being sold at unusually high prices" as of February 28.[52]

 

Millions of instances of COVID-19 misinformation have occurred across a number of online platforms.[53] Other fake news researchers noted certain rumors started in China; many of them later spread to Korea and the United States, prompting several universities in Korea to start the multilingual Facts Before Rumors campaign to separate common claims seen online.[54][55][56][57]

 

The media has praised Wikipedia's coverage of COVID-19 and its combating the inclusion of misinformation through efforts led by the Wiki Project Med Foundation and the English-language Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine, among other groups.[58][59][60]

 

Many local newspapers have been severely affected by losses in advertising revenues from coronavirus; journalists have been laid off, and some have closed altogether.[61]

 

Many newspapers with paywalls lowered them for some or all their coronavirus coverage.[62][63] Many scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak open access.[64]

 

The Turkish Interior Ministry has been arresting social media users whose posts were "targeting officials and spreading panic and fear by suggesting the virus had spread widely in Turkey and that officials had taken insufficient measures".[65] Iran's military said 3600 people have been arrested for "spreading rumors" about coronavirus in the country.[66] In Cambodia, some individuals who expressed concerns about the spread of COVID-19 have been arrested on fake news charges.[67][68] Algerian lawmakers passed a law criminalising "fake news" deemed harmful to "public order and state security".[69] In the Philippines,[70] China,[71] India,[72][73] Egypt,[74] Bangladesh,[75] Morocco,[76] Pakistan,[77] Saudi Arabia,[78] Oman,[79] Iran,[80] Vietnam, Laos,[81] Indonesia,[73] Mongolia,[73] Sri Lanka,[73] Kenya, South Africa,[82] Somalia,[83] Thailand,[84] Kazakhstan,[85] Azerbaijan,[86] Malaysia[87] and Hong Kong, people have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.[88][73] The United Arab Emirates have introduced criminal penalties for the spread of misinformation and rumours related to the outbreak.[89]

 

Conspiracy theories

Conspiracy theories have appeared both in social media and in mainstream news outlets, and are heavily influenced by geopolitics.[90]

 

Accidental leakage

 

Virologist and immunologist Vincent R. Racaniello said that "accident theories – and the lab-made theories before them – reflect a lack of understanding of the genetic make-up of Sars-CoV-2."[91]

A number of allegations have emerged supposing a link between the virus and Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV); among these is that the virus was an accidental leakage from WIV.[92] In 2017, U.S. molecular biologist Richard H. Ebright expressed caution when the WIV was expanded to become mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, noting previous escapes of the SARS virus at other Chinese laboratories.[93] While Ebright refuted several conspiracy theories regarding the WIV (e.g., bioweapons research, or that the virus was engineered), he told BBC China this did not represent the possibility that the virus can be "completely ruled out" from entering the population due to a laboratory accident.[92] Various researchers contacted by NPR concluded there was "virtually no chance" (in NPR's words) that the pandemic virus had accidentally escaped from a laboratory.[94] Disinformation researcher Nina Jankowicz from Wilson Center indicates the lab leakage claim entered mainstream media in United States during April, propagated by pro-Trump news outlet.[43]

 

On February 14, 2020, Chinese scientists explored the possibility of accidental leakage and published speculations on scientific social networking website ResearchGate. The paper was neither peer-reviewed nor presented any evidence for its claims.[95] On March 5, the author of paper told Wall Street Journal in an interview why he decided to withdrew the paper by the end of February, stating: "the speculation about the possible origins in the post was based on published papers and media, and was not supported by direct proofs."[96][97] Several newspapers have referenced the paper.[95] Scientific American reported that Shi Zhengli, the lead researcher at WIV, started investigation on mishandling of experimental materials in the lab records, especially during disposal. She also tried to cross-check the novel coronavirus genome with the genetic information of other bat coronaviruses her team had collected. The result showed none of the sequences matched those of the viruses her team had sampled from bat caves.[98]

 

In February, it was alleged that the first person infected may have been a researcher at the institute named Huang Yanling.[99] Rumours circulated on Chinese social media that the researcher had become infected and died, prompting a denial from WIV, saying she was a graduate student enrolled in the Institute until 2015 and is not the patient zero.[100][99] In April, the conspiracy theory started to circulate around on Youtube and got picked up by conservative media, National Review.[101][6]

 

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that one of the WIV's lead researchers, Shi Zhengli, was the particular focus of personal attacks in Chinese social media alleging that her work on bat-based viruses was the source of the virus; this led Shi to post: "I swear with my life, [the virus] has nothing to do with the lab". When asked by the SCMP to comment on the attacks, Shi responded: "My time must be spent on more important matters".[102] Caixin reported Shi made further public statements against "perceived tinfoil-hat theories about the new virus's source", quoting her as saying: "The novel 2019 coronavirus is nature punishing the human race for keeping uncivilized living habits. I, Shi Zhengli, swear on my life that it has nothing to do with our laboratory".[103] Immunologist Vincent Racaniello stated that virus leaking theory "reflect a lack of understanding of the genetic make-up of Sars-CoV-2 and its relationship to the bat virus". He says the bat virus researched in the institution "would not have been able to infect humans—the human Sars-CoV-2 has additional changes that allows it to infect humans."[91]

 

On April 14, the U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Mark Milley, in response to questions about the virus being manufactured in a lab, said "... it's inconclusive, although the weight of evidence seems to indicate natural. But we don't know for certain."[104] On that same day, Washington Post columnist Josh Rogin detailed a leaked cable of a 2018 trip made to the WIV by scientists from the U.S. Embassy. The article was referenced and cited by conservative media to push the lab leakage theory.[43] Rogin's article went on to say that "What the U.S. officials learned during their visits concerned them so much that they dispatched two diplomatic cables categorized as Sensitive But Unclassified back to Washington. The cables warned about safety and management weaknesses at the WIV lab and proposed more attention and help. The first cable, which I obtained, also warns that the lab's work on bat coronaviruses and their potential human transmission represented a risk of a new SARS-like pandemic."[105] Rogin's article pointed out there was no evidence that the coronavirus was engineered, "But that is not the same as saying it didn't come from the lab, which spent years testing bat coronaviruses in animals."[105] The article went on to quote Xiao Qiang, a research scientist at the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley, "I don't think it's a conspiracy theory. I think it's a legitimate question that needs to be investigated and answered. To understand exactly how this originated is critical knowledge for preventing this from happening in the future."[105] Washington Post's article and subsequent broadcasts drew criticism from virologist Angela Rasmussen of Columbia University, which she states "It's irresponsible for political reporters like Rogin [to] uncritically regurgitate a secret 'cable' without asking a single virologist or ecologist or making any attempt to understand the scientific context."[43] Rasmussen later compared biosafety procedure concerns to "having the health inspector come to your restaurant. It could just be, ‘Oh, you need to keep your chemical showers better stocked.’ It doesn’t suggest, however, that there are tremendous problems.”[106]

 

Days later, multiple media outlets confirmed that U.S. intelligence officials were investigating the possibility that the virus started in the WIV.[107][108][109][110] On April 23, Vox presented disputed arguments on lab leakage claims from several scientists.[111] Scientists suggested that virus samples cultured in the lab have significant amount of difference compare to SARS-CoV-2. The virus institution sampled RaTG13 in Yunnan, the closest known relative of the novel coronavirus with 96% shared genome. Edward Holmes, SARS-CoV-2 researcher at the University of Sydney, explained 4% of difference "is equivalent to an average of 50 years (and at least 20 years) of evolutionary change."[111][112] Virologist Peter Daszak, president of the EcoHealth Alliance, which studies emerging infectious diseases, noted the estimation that 1–7 million people in Southeast Asia who live or work in proximity to bats are infected each year with bat coronaviruses. In the interview with Vox, he comments, "There are probably half a dozen people that do work in those labs. So let's compare 1 million to 7 million people a year to half a dozen people; it's just not logical."[94][111]

 

On April 30, The New York Times reported the Trump administration demanded intelligence agencies to find evidence linking WIV with the origin of SARS-Cov-2. Secretary of State and former Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A) director Mike Pompeo was reportedly leading the push on finding information regarding the virus origin. Analysts were concerned that pressure from senior officials could distort assessments from the intelligence community. Anthony Ruggiero, the head of the National Security Council which responsible for tracking weapons of mass destruction, expressed frustration during a video conference that C.I.A. was unable to form conclusive answer on the origin of the virus. According to current and former government officials, as of April 30, C.I.A has yet to gather any information beyond circumstantial evidence to bolster the lab theory.[113][114] US intelligence officers suggested that Chinese officials tried to conceal the severity of the outbreak in early days, but no evidence had shown China attempted to cover up a lab accident.[115] One day later, Trump claimed he has evidence of the lab theory, but offers no further details on it.[116][117] Jamie Metzl, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, claimed the SARS-CoV-2 virus "likely" came from a Wuhan virology testing laboratory, based on "circumstantial evidence". He was quoted as saying, "I have no definitive way of proving this thesis."[118]

 

On April 30, 2020, the U.S. intelligence and scientific communities issued a public statement dismissing the idea that the virus was not natural, while the investigation of the lab accident theory was ongoing.[119][120] The White House suggested an alternative explanation, along with a seemingly contradictory message, that the virus was man-made. In an interview with ABC News, Secretary of State Pompeo said he has no reason to disbelieve the intelligence community that the virus was natural. However, this contradicted the comment he made earlier in the same interview, in which he said "the best experts so far seem to think it was man-made. I have no reason to disbelieve that at this point."[121][122][123] On May 4, Australian tabloid The Daily Telegraph claimed a reportedly leaked dossier from Five Eyes, which alleged the probable outbreak was from the Wuhan lab.[124] Fox News and national security commentators in the US quickly followed up The Telegraph story,[125][126] rising the tension within international intelligence community.[127] Australian government, which is part of the Five Eyes nations, determined the leaked dossier was not a Five Eyes document, but a compilation of open-source materials that contained no information generated by intelligence gathering.[128] German intelligence community denied the claim of the leaked dossier, instead supported the probability of a natural cause.[129][130] Australian government sees the promotion of the lab theory from the United States counterproductive to Australia’s push for a more broad international-supported independent inquiry into the virus origins.[127] Senior officials in Australian government speculated the dossier was leaked by US embassy in Canberra to promote a narrative in Australia media that diverged from the mainstream belief of Australia.[127][128][125]

 

Beijing rejected the White House's claim, calling the claim "part of an election year strategy by President Donald Trump’s Republican Party".[131] Hua Chunying, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, urged Mike Pompeo to present evidence for his claim. "Mr. Pompeo cannot present any evidence because he does not have any," Hua told a journalist during a regular briefing, "This matter should be handled by scientists and professionals instead of politicians out of their domestic political needs."[131][132] The Chinese ambassador, in an opinion published in the Washington Post, called on the White House to end the "blame game" over the coronavirus.[133][134] As of May 5, assessments and internal sources from the Five Eyes nations indicated that the coronavirus outbreak was the result of a laboratory accident was "highly unlikely", since the human infection was "highly likely" a result of natural human and animal interaction. However, to reach such a conclusion with total certainty would still require greater cooperation and transparency from the Chinese side.[135]

 

Anti-Israeli and antisemitic

Further information: Antisemitic canard

Iran's Press TV asserted that "Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran".[14] Similarly, various Arab media outlets accused Israel and the United States of creating and spreading COVID-19, avian flu, and SARS.[136] Users on social media offered a variety of theories, including the supposition that Jews had manufactured COVID-19 to precipitate a global stock market collapse and thereby profit via insider trading,[137] while a guest on Turkish television posited a more ambitious scenario in which Jews and Zionists had created COVID-19, avian flu, and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever to "design the world, seize countries, [and] neuter the world's population".[138]

 

Israeli attempts to develop a COVID-19 vaccine prompted mixed reactions. Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi denied initial reports that he had ruled that a Zionist-made vaccine would be halal,[139] and one Press TV journalist tweeted that "I'd rather take my chances with the virus than consume an Israeli vaccine".[140] A columnist for the Turkish Yeni Akit asserted that such a vaccine could be a ruse to carry out mass sterilization.[141]

 

An alert by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding the possible threat of far-right extremists intentionally spreading the coronavirus mentioned blame being assigned to Jews and Jewish leaders for causing the pandemic and several statewide shutdowns.[142]

 

Anti-Muslim

Further information: 2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi

In India, Muslims have been blamed for spreading infection following the emergence of cases linked to a Tablighi Jamaat religious gathering.[143] There are reports of vilification of Muslims on social media and attacks on individuals in India.[144] Claims have been made Muslims are selling food contaminated with coronavirus and that a mosque in Patna was sheltering people from Italy and Iran.[145] These claims were shown to be false.[146] In the UK, there are reports of far-right groups blaming Muslims for the coronavirus outbreak and falsely claiming that mosques remained open after the national ban on large gatherings.[147]

 

Bioengineered virus

It has been repeatedly claimed that the virus was deliberately created by humans.

 

Nature Medicine published an article arguing against the conspiracy theory that the virus was created artificially. The high-affinity binding of its peplomers to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was shown to be "most likely the result of natural selection on a human or human-like ACE2 that permits another optimal binding solution to arise".[148] In case of genetic manipulation, one of the several reverse-genetic systems for betacoronaviruses would probably have been used, while the genetic data irrefutably showed that the virus is not derived from a previously used virus template.[148] The overall molecular structure of the virus was found to be distinct from the known coronaviruses and most closely resembles that of viruses of bats and pangolins that were little studied and never known to harm humans.[149]

 

In February 2020, the Financial Times quoted virus expert and global co-lead coronavirus investigator Trevor Bedford: "There is no evidence whatsoever of genetic engineering that we can find", and "The evidence we have is that the mutations [in the virus] are completely consistent with natural evolution".[150] Bedford further explained, "The most likely scenario, based on genetic analysis, was that the virus was transmitted by a bat to another mammal between 20–70 years ago. This intermediary animal—not yet identified—passed it on to its first human host in the city of Wuhan in late November or early December 2019".[150]

 

On February 19, 2020, The Lancet published a letter of a group of scientists condemning "conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin".[151]

 

Chinese biological weapon

India

Amidst a rise in Sinophobia, there have been conspiracy theories reported on India's social networks that the virus is "a bioweapon that went rogue" and also fake videos alleging that Chinese authorities are killing citizens to prevent its spread.[152]

 

Ukraine

According to the Kyiv Post, two common conspiracy theories online in Ukraine are that American author Dean Koontz predicted the pandemic in his 1981 novel The Eyes of Darkness, and that the coronavirus is a bioweapon leaked from a secret lab in Wuhan.[153]

 

United Kingdom

 

Tobias Ellwood said, "It would be irresponsible to suggest the source of this outbreak was an error in a Chinese military biological weapons programme ... But without greater Chinese transparency we cannot entirely completely sure."[154]

In February, Conservative MP Tobias Ellwood, chair of the Defence Select Committee of the UK House of Commons, publicly questioned the role of the Chinese Army's Wuhan Institute for Biological Products and called for the "greater transparency over the origins of the coronavirus".[154][non-primary source needed] The Daily Mail reported in early April 2020 that a member of COBRA (an ad-hoc government committee tasked with advising on crises[citation needed]) has stated while government intelligence does not dispute that the virus has a zoonotic origin, it also does not discount the idea of a leak from a Wuhan laboratory, saying "Perhaps it is no coincidence that there is that laboratory in Wuhan"; the Asia Times reported the story as if it were factual,[155] perhaps unaware of the reputation of the Daily Mail.

 

United States

Further information: Cyberwarfare in the United States and Propaganda in the United States

In January 2020, BBC News published an article about coronavirus misinformation, citing two January 24 articles from The Washington Times that said the virus was part of a Chinese biological weapons program, based at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV).[1] The Washington Post later published an article debunking the conspiracy theory, citing U.S. experts who explained why the WIV was unsuitable for bioweapon research, that most countries had abandoned bioweapons as fruitless, and that there was no evidence the virus was genetically engineered.[156]

 

On January 29, financial news website and blog ZeroHedge suggested without evidence that a scientist at the WIV created the COVID-19 strain responsible for the coronavirus outbreak. Zerohedge listed the full contact details of the scientist supposedly responsible, a practice known as doxing, by including the scientist's name, photo, and phone number, suggesting to readers that they "pay [the Chinese scientist] a visit" if they wanted to know "what really caused the coronavirus pandemic".[157] Twitter later permanently suspended the blog's account for violating its platform-manipulation policy.[158]

  

Logo of the fictional Umbrella Corporation, which some internet rumours linked to the pandemic. The corporation was invented for the Resident Evil game series.

In January 2020, Buzzfeed News reported on an internet meme of a link between the logo of the WIV and "Umbrella Corporation", the agency that created the virus responsible for a zombie apocalypse in the Resident Evil franchise. Posts online noted that "Racoon [sic]" (the main city in Resident Evil) was an anagram of "Corona".[159] Snopes noted that the logo was not from the WIV, but a company named Shanghai Ruilan Bao Hu San Biotech Ltd (located some 500 miles (800 km) away in Shanghai), and that the correct name of the city in Resident Evil was "Raccoon City".[159]

 

In February 2020, U.S. Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) suggested the virus may have originated in a Chinese bioweapon laboratory.[160] Francis Boyle, a law professor, also expressed support for the bioweapon theory suggesting it was the result of unintended leaks.[161] Cotton elaborated on Twitter that his opinion was only one of "at least four hypotheses". Multiple medical experts have indicated there is no evidence for these claims.[162] Conservative political commentator Rush Limbaugh said on The Rush Limbaugh Show—the most popular radio show in the U.S.—that the virus was probably "a ChiCom laboratory experiment" and the Chinese government was using the virus and the media hysteria surrounding it to bring down Donald Trump.[163][164]

 

On February 6, the White House asked scientists and medical researchers to rapidly investigate the origins of the virus both to address the current spread and "to inform future outbreak preparation and better understand animal/human and environmental transmission aspects of coronaviruses".[165] American magazine Foreign Policy said Xi Jinping's "political agenda may turn out to be a root cause of the epidemic" and that his Belt and Road Initiative has "made it possible for a local disease to become a global menace".[90]

 

The Inverse reported that "Christopher Bouzy, the founder of Bot Sentinel, conducted a Twitter analysis for Inverse and found [online] bots and trollbots are making an array of false claims. These bots are claiming China intentionally created the virus, that it's a biological weapon, that Democrats are overstating the threat to hurt Donald Trump and more. While we can't confirm the origin of these bots, they are decidedly pro-Trump."[166]

 

Conservative commentator Josh Bernstein claimed that the Democratic Party and the "medical deep state" were collaborating with the Chinese government to create and release the coronavirus to bring down Donald Trump. Bernstein went on to suggest those responsible should be locked in a room with infected coronavirus patients as punishment.[167][168]

 

Jerry Falwell Jr., the president of Liberty University, promoted a conspiracy theory on Fox News that North Korea and China conspired together to create the coronavirus.[169] He also said people were overreacting to the coronavirus outbreak and that Democrats were trying to use the situation to harm President Trump.[170]

 

Hospital ship attack

The hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) deployed to the Port of Los Angeles to provide backup medical services for the region. On March 31, 2020, a Pacific Harbor Line freight train was deliberately derailed by its onboard engineer in an attempt to crash into the ship, but the attack was unsuccessful and no one was injured.[171][172] According to U.S. federal prosecutors, the train's engineer "[...] was suspicious of the Mercy, believing it had an alternate purpose related to COVID-19 or a government takeover".[173]

 

Population control scheme

See also: List of conspiracy theories § RFID chips

According to the BBC, Jordan Sather, a conspiracy theory YouTuber supporting the far-right QAnon conspiracy theory and the anti-vax movement, has falsely claimed the outbreak was a population control scheme created by Pirbright Institute in England and by former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. This belief is held mostly by right-wing libertarians, NWO conspiracy theorists, and Christian Fundamentalists.[1][174]

 

Spy operation

Some people have alleged that the coronavirus was stolen from a Canadian virus research lab by Chinese scientists. Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada said that conspiracy theory had "no factual basis".[175] The stories seem to have been derived[176] from a July 2019 news article[177] stating that some Chinese researchers had their security access to a Canadian Level 4 virology facility revoked in a federal police investigation; Canadian officials described this as an administrative matter and "there is absolutely no risk to the Canadian public."[177]

 

This article was published by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC);[176] responding to the conspiracy theories, the CBC later stated that "CBC reporting never claimed the two scientists were spies, or that they brought any version of the coronavirus to the lab in Wuhan". While pathogen samples were transferred from the lab in Winnipeg, Canada to Beijing, China, on March 31, 2019, neither of the samples was a coronavirus, the Public Health Agency of Canada says the shipment conformed to all federal policies, and there has not been any statement that the researchers under investigation were responsible for sending the shipment. The current location of the researchers under investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is not being released.[175][178][179]

 

In the midst of the coronavirus epidemic, a senior research associate and expert in biological warfare with the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, referring to a NATO press conference, identified suspicions of espionage as the reason behind the expulsions from the lab, but made no suggestion that coronavirus was taken from the Canadian lab or that it is the result of bioweapons defense research in China.[180]

 

U.S. biological weapon

Arab world

According to Washington DC-based nonprofit Middle East Media Research Institute, numerous writers in the Arabic press have promoted the conspiracy theory that COVID-19, as well as SARS and the swine flu virus, were deliberately created and spread to sell vaccines against these diseases, and it is "part of an economic and psychological war waged by the U.S. against China with the aim of weakening it and presenting it as a backward country and a source of diseases".[181] Iraqi political analyst Sabah Al-Akili on Al-Etejah TV, Saudi daily Al-Watan writer Sa'ud Al-Shehry, Syrian daily Al-Thawra columnist Hussein Saqer, and Egyptian journalist Ahmad Rif'at on Egyptian news website Vetogate, were some examples given by MEMRI as propagators of the U.S. biowarfare conspiracy theory in the Arabic world.[181]

 

China

Further information: Cyberwarfare by China, Propaganda in China, and Chinese information operations and information warfare

 

The Xinhua News Agency is among the news outlets that have published false information about COVID-19's origins.

According to London-based The Economist, plenty of conspiracy theories exist on China's internet about COVID-19 being the CIA's creation to keep China down.[182] NBC News however has noted that there have also been debunking efforts of U.S.-related conspiracy theories posted online, with a WeChat search of "Coronavirus is from the U.S." reported to mostly yield articles explaining why such claims are unreasonable.[183] According to an investigation by ProPublica, such conspiracy theories and disinformation have been propagated under the direction of China News Service, the country's second largest government-owned media outlet controlled by the United Front Work Department.[184] Global Times and Xinhua News Agency have similarly been implicated in propagating disinformation related to COVID-19's origins.[185][186]

 

Multiple conspiracy articles in Chinese from the SARS era resurfaced during the outbreak with altered details, claiming SARS is biological warfare. Some said BGI Group from China sold genetic information of the Chinese people to the U.S., which then specifically targeted the genome of Chinese individuals.[187]

 

On January 26, Chinese military enthusiast website Xilu published an article, claimed how the U.S. artificially combined the virus to "precisely target Chinese people".[188][189] The article was removed in early February. The article was further distorted on social media in Taiwan, which claimed "Top Chinese military website admitted novel coronavirus was Chinese-made bio-weapons".[190] Taiwan Fact-check center debunked the original article and its divergence, suggesting the original Xilu article distorted the conclusion from a legitimate research on Chinese scientific magazine Science China Life Sciences, which never mentioned the virus was engineered.[190] The fact-check center explained Xilu is a military enthusiastic tabloid established by a private company, thus it doesn't represent the voice of Chinese military.[190]

 

Some articles on popular sites in China have also cast suspicion on U.S. military athletes participating in the Wuhan 2019 Military World Games, which lasted until the end of October 2019, and have suggested they deployed the virus. They claim the inattentive attitude and disproportionately below-average results of American athletes in the games indicate they might have been there for other purposes and they might actually be bio-warfare operatives. Such posts stated that their place of residence during their stay in Wuhan was also close to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, where the first known cluster of cases occurred.[191]

 

In March 2020, this conspiracy theory was endorsed by Zhao Lijian, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.[192][193][194][195] On March 13, the U.S. government summoned Chinese Ambassador Cui Tiankai to Washington over the coronavirus conspiracy theory.[196] Over the next month, conspiracy theorists narrowed their focus to one U.S. Army Reservist, a woman who participated in the games in Wuhan as a cyclist, claiming she is "patient zero". According to a CNN report, these theories have been spread by George Webb, who has nearly 100,000 followers on YouTube, and have been amplified by a report by CPC-owned newspaper Global Times.[197][198]

 

Iran

Further information: Propaganda in Iran

 

Reza Malekzadeh, deputy health minister, rejected bioterrorism theories.

According to Radio Farda, Iranian cleric Seyyed Mohammad Saeedi accused U.S. President Donald Trump of targeting Qom with coronavirus "to damage its culture and honor". Saeedi claimed that Trump is fulfilling his promise to hit Iranian cultural sites, if Iranians took revenge for the airstrike that killed of Quds Force Commander Qasem Soleimani.[199]

 

Iranian TV personality Ali Akbar Raefipour claimed the coronavirus was part of a "hybrid warfare" programme waged by the United States on Iran and China.[200] Brigadier General Gholam Reza Jalali, head of Iranian Civil Defense Organization, claimed the coronavirus is likely a biological attack on China and Iran with economic goals.[201][202]

 

Hossein Salami, the head of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), claimed the coronavirus outbreak in Iran may be due to a U.S. "biological attack".[203] Several Iranian politicians, including Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Rasoul Falahati, Alireza Panahian, Abolfazl Hasanbeigi and Gholamali Jafarzadeh Imanabadi, also made similar remarks.[204] Iranian Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, made similar suggestions.[205]

 

Former Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a letter to the United Nations on March 9, claiming that "it is clear to the world that the mutated coronavirus was produced in lab" and that COVID-19 is "a new weapon for establishing and/or maintaining political and economic upper hand in the global arena".[206]

 

The late[207] Ayatollah Hashem Bathaie Golpayegani claimed that "America is the source of coronavirus, because America went head to head with China and realised it cannot keep up with it economically or militarily."[208]

 

Reza Malekzadeh, Iran's deputy health minister and former Minister of Health, rejected claims that the virus was a biological weapon, pointing out that the U.S. would be suffering heavily from it. He said Iran was hard-hit because its close ties to China and reluctance to cut air ties introduced the virus, and because early cases had been mistaken for influenza.[205]

 

Philippines

 

In the Philippine Senate, Tito Sotto has promoted his belief that COVID-19 is a bioweapon.

A Filipino Senator, Tito Sotto, played a bioweapon conspiracy video in a February 2020 Senate hearing, suggesting the coronavirus is biowarfare waged against China.[209][210]

 

Russia

Further information: Cyberwarfare by Russia and Propaganda in the Russian Federation

On February 22, U.S. officials alleged that Russia is behind an ongoing disinformation campaign, using thousands of social media accounts on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to deliberately promote unfounded conspiracy theories, claiming the virus is a biological weapon manufactured by the CIA and the U.S. is waging economic war on China using the virus.[211][12][212] The acting assistant secretary of state for Europe and Eurasia, Philip Reeker, said "Russia's intent is to sow discord and undermine U.S. institutions and alliances from within" and "by spreading disinformation about coronavirus, Russian malign actors are once again choosing to threaten public safety by distracting from the global health response."[211] Russia denies the allegation, saying "this is a deliberately false story".[213]

 

According to U.S.-based The National Interest magazine, although official Russian channels had been muted on pushing the U.S. biowarfare conspiracy theory, other Russian media elements do not share the Kremlin's restraint.[214] Zvezda, a news outlet funded by the Russian Defense Ministry, published an article titled "Coronavirus: American biological warfare against Russia and China", claiming that the virus is intended to damage the Chinese economy, weakening its hand in the next round of trade negotiations.[214] Ultra-nationalist politician and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, claimed on a Moscow radio station that the virus was an experiment by the Pentagon and pharmaceutical companies. Politician Igor Nikulin made rounds on Russian television and news media, arguing that Wuhan was chosen for the attack because the presence of a BSL-4 virus lab provided a cover story for the Pentagon and CIA about a Chinese bio-experiment leak.[214] An EU-document claims 80 attempts by Russian media to spread disinformation related to the epidemic.[215]

 

According to the East StratCom Task Force, the Sputnik news agency was active publishing stories speculating that the virus could've been invented in Latvia, that it was used by Communist Party of China to curb protests in Hong Kong, that it was introduced intentionally to reduce the number of elder people in Italy, that it was targeted against the Yellow Vests movement, and making many other speculations. Sputnik branches in countries including Armenia, Belarus, Spain, and in the Middle East came up with versions of these stories.[216]

 

Venezuela

Constituent Assembly member Elvis Méndez declared that the coronavirus was a "bacteriological sickness created in '89, in '90 and historically" and that it was a sickness "inoculated by the gringos". Méndez theorized that the virus was a weapon against Latin America and China and that its purpose was "to demoralize the person, to weaken to install their system".[217]

 

COVID-19 recovery

It has been wrongly claimed that anyone infected with COVID-19 will have the virus in their bodies for life. While there is no curative treatment, infected individuals can recover from the disease, eliminating the virus from their bodies; getting supportive medical care early can help.[279]

 

COVID-19 xenophobic blaming by ethnicity and religion

Main article: List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

File:IOM - Fighting Stigma and Discrimination against Migrants during COVID-19.webm

UN video warns that misinformation against groups may lower testing rates and increase transmission.

COVID-19-related xenophobic attacks have been made against people the attacker blamed for COVID-19 on the basis of their ethnicity. People who are considered to look Chinese have been subjected to COVID-19-related verbal and physical attacks in many other countries, often by people accusing them of transmitting the virus.[281][282][283] Within China, there has been discrimination (such as evictions and non-service in shops) against people from anywhere closer to Wuhan (where the pandemic started) and against anyone perceived as being non-Chinese (especially those considered African), as the Chinese government has blamed continuing cases on re-introductions of the virus from abroad (90% of reintroduced cases were by Chinese passport-holders). Neighbouring countries have also discriminated against people seen as Westerners.[284][285][286] People have also simply blamed other local groups along the lines of pre-existing social tensions and divisions, sometimes citing reporting of COVID-19 cases within that group. For instance, Muslims have been widely blamed, shunned, and discriminated against in India (including some violent attacks), amid unfounded claims that Muslims are deliberately spreading COVID-19, and a Muslim event at which the disease did spread has received far more public attention than many similar events run by other groups and the government.[287] White supremacist groups have blamed COVID-19 on non-whites and advocated deliberately infecting minorities they dislike, such as Jews.[288]

 

False causes

5G

 

5G towers have been burned by people wrongly blaming them for COVID-19.

 

Openreach engineers appealed on anti-5G Facebook groups, saying they aren't involved in mobile networks, and workplace abuse is making it difficult for them to maintain phonelines and broadband.

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In February 2020 BBC News reported that conspiracy theorists on social media groups alleged a link between coronavirus and 5G mobile networks, claiming that Wuhan and Diamond Princess outbreaks were directly caused by electromagnetic fields and by the introduction of 5G and wireless technologies. Some conspiracy theorists also alleged that the coronavirus outbreak was a cover-up for a 5G-related illness.[33] In March 2020, Thomas Cowan, a holistic medical practitioner who trained as a physician and operates on probation with Medical Board of California, alleged that coronavirus is caused by 5G, based on the claims that African countries were not affected significantly by the pandemic and Africa was not a 5G region.[289][290] Cowan also falsely alleged that the viruses were wastes from cells that are poisoned by electromagnetic fields and historical viral pandemics coincided with the major developments in radio technology.[290] The video of his claims went viral and was recirculated by celebrities including Woody Harrelson, John Cusack, and singer Keri Hilson.[291] The claims may also have been recirculated by an alleged "coordinated disinformation campaign", similar to campaigns used by the Internet Research Agency in Saint Petersburg, Russia.[292] The claims were criticized on social media and debunked by Reuters,[293] USA Today,[294] Full Fact[295] and American Public Health Association executive director Georges C. Benjamin.[289][296]

 

Professor Steve Powis, national medical director of NHS England, described theories linking 5G mobile phone networks to COVID-19 as the "worst kind of fake news".[297] Viruses cannot be transmitted by radio waves. COVID-19 has spread and continues to spread in many countries that do not have 5G networks.[279]

 

After telecommunications masts in several parts of the United Kingdom were the subject of arson attacks, British Cabinet Office Minister Michael Gove said the theory that COVID-19 virus may be spread by 5G wireless communication is "just nonsense, dangerous nonsense as well".[298] Vodafone announced that two Vodafone masts and two it shares with O2 had been targeted.[299][300]

 

By Monday April 6, 2020 at least 20 mobile phone masts in the UK had been vandalised since the previous Thursday.[301] Because of slow rollout of 5G in the UK, many of the damaged masts had only 3G and 4G equipment.[301] Mobile phone and home broadband operators estimated there were at least 30 incidents of confronting engineers maintaining equipment in the week up to April 6.[301] There have been eleven incidents of attempted arson at mobile phone masts in the Netherlands, including one case where "Fuck 5G" was written, as well as in Ireland and Cyprus.[302][303] Facebook has deleted multiple messages encouraging attacks on 5G equipment.[301]

 

Engineers working for Openreach posted pleas on anti-5G Facebook groups asking to be spared abuse as they are not involved with maintaining mobile networks.[304] Mobile UK said the incidents were affecting attempts to maintain networks that support home working and provide critical connections to vulnerable customers, emergency services and hospitals.[304] A widely circulated video shows people working for broadband company Community Fibre being abused by a woman who accuses them of installing 5G as part of a plan to kill the population.[304]

 

YouTube announced that it would reduce the amount of content claiming links between 5G and coronavirus.[299] Videos that are conspiratorial about 5G that do not mention coronavirus would not be removed, though they might be considered "borderline content", removed from search recommendations and losing advertising revenue.[299] The discredited claims had been circulated by British conspiracy theorist David Icke in videos (subsequently removed) on YouTube and Vimeo, and an interview by London Live TV network, prompting calls for action by Ofcom.[305][306]

 

On April 13, 2020, Gardaí were investigating fires at 5G masts in County Donegal, Ireland.[307] Gardaí and fire services had attended the fires the previous night in an attempt to put them out.[307] Although Gardaí were awaiting results of tests they were treating the fires as deliberate.[307]

 

There were 20 suspected arson attacks on phone masts in the UK over the Easter 2020 weekend.[297] These included an incident in Dagenham where three men were arrested on suspicion of arson, a fire in Huddersfield that affected a mast used by emergency services and a fire in a mast that provides mobile connectivity to the NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham.[297]

 

Ofcom issued guidance to ITV following comments by Eamonn Holmes after comments made by Holmes about 5G and coronavirus on This Morning.[308] Ofcom said the comments were "ambiguous" and "ill-judged" and they "risked undermining viewers' trust in advice from public authorities and scientific evidence".[308] Ofcom also local channel London Live in breach of standards for an interview it had with David Icke who it said had " expressed views which had the potential to cause significant harm to viewers in London during the pandemic".[308]

 

Some telecoms engineers have reported threats of violence, including threats to stab and murder them, by individuals who believe them to be working on 5G networks.[309] West Midlands Police said the crimes in question are being taken very seriously.[309]

 

On April 24, 2020 The Guardian revealed that an evangelical pastor from Luton had provided the male voice on a recording blaming 5G for deaths caused by coronavirus.[310] Jonathon James claimed to have formerly headed the largest business-unit at Vodafone, but insiders at the company said that he was hired for a sales position in 2014 when 5G was not a priority for the company and that 5G would not have been part of his job.[310] He left the company after less than a year.[310]

 

Mosquitoes

It has been claimed that mosquitoes transmit coronavirus. There is no evidence that this is true; coronavirus spreads through small droplets of saliva and mucus.[279]

 

Petrol pumps

A warning claiming to be from the Australia Department of Health said coronavirus spreads through petrol pumps and that everyone should wear gloves when filling up petrol in their cars.[311]

 

Shoe-wearing

There were claims that wearing shoes at one's home was the reason behind the spread of the coronavirus in Italy.[312]

 

Resistance/susceptibility based on ethnicity

There have been claims that specific ethnicities are more or less vulnerable to COVID-19. COVID-19 is a new zoonotic disease, so no population has yet had the time to develop population immunity.[medical citation needed]

 

Beginning on February 11, reports, quickly spread via Facebook, implied that a Cameroonian student in China had been completely cured of the virus due to his African genetics. While a student was successfully treated, other media sources have noted that no evidence implies Africans are more resistant to the virus and labeled such claims as false information.[313] Kenyan Secretary of Health Mutahi Kagwe explicitly refuted rumors that "those with black skin cannot get coronavirus", while announcing Kenya's first case on March 13.[314] This myth was cited as a contributing factor in the disproportionately high rates of infection and death observed among African Americans.[315][316]

 

There have been claims of "Indian immunity": that the people of India have more immunity to the COVID-19 virus due to living conditions in India. This idea was deemed "absolute drivel" by Anand Krishnan, professor at the Centre for Community Medicine of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). He said there was no population immunity to the COVID-19 virus yet, as it is new, and it is not even clear whether people who have recovered from COVID-19 will have lasting immunity, as this happens with some viruses but not with others.[317]

 

Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei claimed the virus was genetically targeted at Iranians by the U.S., and this is why it is seriously affecting Iran. He did not offer any evidence.[318][22]

 

Religious protection

A number of religious groups have claimed protection due to their faith, some refusing to stop large religious gatherings. In Israel, some Ultra-Orthodox Jews initially refused to close synagogues and religious seminaries and disregarded government restrictions because "The Torah protects and saves",[319] which resulted in an 8 times faster rate of infection among some groups.[320] The Tablighi Jamaat movement organised mass gatherings in Malaysia, India, and Pakistan whose participants believed that God will protect them resulted the biggest rise in COVID-19 cases in a number of countries.[321][29][322] In Iran, the head of Fatima Masumeh Shrine encouraged pilgrims to visit the shrine despite calls to close the shrine, saying that they "consider this holy shrine to be a place of healing."[323] In South Korea the River of Grace Community Church in Gyeonggi Province spread the virus after spraying salt water into their members' mouths in the belief that it would kill the virus,[324] while the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in Daegu where a church leader claimed that no Shincheonji worshipers had caught the virus in February while hundreds died in Wuhan later caused in the biggest spread of the virus in the country.[325][326]

 

In Somalia, myths have spread claiming Muslims are immune to the virus.[327]

 

Unproven protective and aggravating factors

Vegetarian immunity

[icon]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020)

Claims that vegetarians are immune to coronavirus spread online in India, causing "#NoMeat_NoCoronaVirus" to trend on Twitter.[328][better source needed] Eating meat does not have an effect on COVID-19 spread, except for people near where animals are slaughtered, said Anand Krishnan.[329] Fisheries, Dairying and Animal Husbandry Minister Giriraj Singh said the rumour had significantly affected industry, with the price of a chicken falling to a third of pre-pandemic levels. He also described efforts to improve the hygiene of the meat supply chain.[330]

 

Efficacy of hand sanitiser, "antibacterial" soaps

 

Washing in soap and water for at least 20 seconds is the best way to clean hands. Second-best is a hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol.[331]

Claims that hand sanitiser is merely "antibacterial not antiviral", and therefore ineffective against COVID-19, have spread widely on Twitter and other social networks. While the effectiveness of sanitiser depends on the specific ingredients, most hand sanitiser sold commercially inactivates SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.[332][333] Hand sanitizer is recommended against COVID-19,[279] though unlike soap, it is not effective against all types of germs.[334] Washing in soap and water for at least 20 seconds is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as the best way to clean hands in most situations. However, if soap and water are not available, a hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol can be used instead, unless hands are visibly dirty or greasy.[331][335] The CDC and the Food and Drug Administration both recommend plain soap; there is no evidence that "antibacterial soaps" are any better, and limited evidence that they might be worse long-term.[336][337]

 

Alcohol (ethanol and poisonous methanol)

Contrary to some reports, drinking alcohol does not protect against COVID-19, and can increase health risks[279] (short term and long term). Drinking alcohol is ethanol; other alcohols, such as methanol, which causes methanol poisoning, are acutely poisonous, and may be present in badly-prepared alcoholic beverages.[338]

 

Iran has reported incidents of methanol poisoning, caused by the false belief that drinking alcohol would cure or protect against coronavirus;[339] alcohol is banned in Iran, and bootleg alcohol may contain methanol.[340] According to Iranian media in March 2020, nearly 300 people have died and more than a thousand have become ill due to methanol poisoning, while Associated Press gave figures of around 480 deaths with 2,850 others affected.[341] The number of deaths due to methanol poisoning in Iran reached over 700 by April.[342] Iranian social media had circulated a story from British tabloids that a British man and others had been cured of coronavirus with whiskey and honey,[339][343] which combined with the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers as disinfectants, led to the false belief that drinking high-proof alcohol can kill the virus.[339][340][341]

 

Similar incidents have occurred in Turkey, with 30 Turkmenistan citizens dying from methanol poisoning related to coronavirus cure claims.[344][345]

 

In Kenya, the Governor of Nairobi Mike Sonko has come under scrutiny for including small bottles of the cognac Hennessy in care packages, falsely claiming that alcohol serves as "throat sanitizer" and that, from research, it is believed that "alcohol plays a major role in killing the coronavirus."[346][347]

 

Cocaine

Cocaine does not protect against COVID-19. Several viral tweets purporting that snorting cocaine would sterilize one's nostrils of the coronavirus spread around Europe and Africa. In response, the French Ministry of Health released a public service announcement debunking this claim, saying "No, cocaine does NOT protect against COVID-19. It is an addictive drug that causes serious side effects and is harmful to people's health." The World Health Organisation also debunked the claim.[348]

 

Ibuprofen

A tweet from French health minister Olivier Véran, a bulletin from the French health ministry, and a small speculative study in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine raised concerns about ibuprofen worsening COVID-19, which spread extensively on social media. The European Medicines Agency[349] and the World Health Organization recommended COVID-19 patients keep taking ibuprofen as directed, citing lack of convincing evidence of any danger.[350]

 

Helicopter spraying

In some Asian countries, it has been claimed that one should stay at home on particular days when helicopters spray disinfectant over homes for killing off COVID-19; no such spraying is taking place.[351][352]

 

Cruise ships safety from infection

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships

 

Claims by cruise-ship operators notwithstanding, there are many cases of coronaviruses in hot climates; some countries in the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf are severely affected.

In March 2020, the Miami New Times reported that managers at Norwegian Cruise Line had prepared a set of responses intended to convince wary customers to book cruises, including "blatantly false" claims that the coronavirus "can only survive in cold temperatures, so the Caribbean is a fantastic choice for your next cruise", that "[s]cientists and medical professionals have confirmed that the warm weather of the spring will be the end of the [c]oronavirus", and that the virus "cannot live in the amazingly warm and tropical temperatures that your cruise will be sailing to".[353]

 

Flu is seasonal (becoming less frequent in the summer) in some countries, but not in others. While it is possible that the COVID-19 coronavirus will also show some seasonality, it is not yet known.[354][355][356][medical citation needed] The COVID-19 coronavirus spread along international air travel routes, including to tropical locations.[357] Outbreaks on cruise ships, where an older population lives in close quarters, frequently touching surfaces which others have touched, were common.[358][359]

 

It seems that COVID-19 can be transmitted in all climates.[279] It has seriously affected many warm-climate countries. For instance, Dubai, with an year-round average daily high of 28.0 Celsius (82.3°F) and the airport said to have the world's most international traffic, has had thousands of cases.

 

Vaccine pre-existence

It was reported that multiple social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus was known and that a vaccine was already available. PolitiFact and FactCheck.org noted that no vaccine currently exists for COVID-19. The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.[360][4] The WHO reported as of February 5, 2020, that amid news reports of "breakthrough" drugs being discovered to treat people infected with the virus, there were no known effective treatments;[361] this included antibiotics and herbal remedies not being useful.[362] Scientists are working to develop a vaccine, but as of March 18, 2020, no vaccine candidates have completed Phase II clinical trials.[citation needed]

 

Miscellaneous

Name of the disease

Social media posts and internet memes claimed that COVID-19 means "Chinese Originated Viral Infectious Disease 19", or similar, as supposedly the "19th virus to come out of China".[477] In fact, the WHO named the disease as follows: CO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).[478]

 

Bat soup

Some media outlets, including Daily Mail and RT, as well as individuals, disseminated a video showing a Chinese woman eating a bat, falsely suggesting it was filmed in Wuhan and connecting it to the outbreak.[479][480] However, the widely circulated video contains unrelated footage of a Chinese travel vlogger, Wang Mengyun, eating bat soup in the island country of Palau in 2016.[479][480][481][482] Wang posted an apology on Weibo,[481][482] in which she said she had been abused and threatened,[481] and that she had only wanted to showcase Palauan cuisine.[481][482] The spread of misinformation about bat consumption has been characterized by xenophobic and racist sentiment toward Asians.[90][483][484] In contrast, scientists suggest the virus originated in bats and migrated into an intermediary host animal before infecting people.[90][485]

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID...

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