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Nature's winter artistry at its finest.
#FrozenBeauty #IceCracks #WinterWonderland
Germantown, Maryland, 2024
En un momento dado, el cerebro tiene 14 billones de neuronas circulando a 725 kilómetros por hora. No controlamos ni de la mayorÃa de ellas. Cuando nos entra el frÃo, carne de gallina. Cuando nos excitamos, adrenalina. El cuerpo sigue de manera natural sus impulsos, lo que es la parte que nos es difÃcil controlar. Por supuesto, a veces, tenemos impulsos que preferimos no controlar que más tarde hubiéramos preferido controlar.
the neuron has many important jobs and parts to do.For example, it help transmit impulse to the axon.
The nEUROn is the European fuill-scale technological demonstrator for an UCAV developed by an industrial tema led by Dassault Aviation with the collaboration of Finmeccanica-Alenia Aermacchi, Saab, Airbus Defence and Space, RUAG and HAI.
Excitatory pyramidal neuron (yellow) and axon (purple) from mouse visual cortex.
Render by Amy Sterling from
reconstructions by Seung Lab, Princeton Neuroscience Institute using images acquired by The Allen Institute. Funded by IARPA MICrONS. Rendered in Cinema 4D using Otoy Octane GPU renderer.
Odor-sensing neurons form long connections (pink) that enter the brain from the nasal passages, where they interact with other types of neurons (blue and yellow). Throughout life, these neurons die and are replaced with new ones. Researchers are trying to understand how and when this happens in mice.
Credit: Claire Cheetham, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh/Carnegie Mellon University
NIH support from: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Nature's winter artistry at its finest.
#FrozenBeauty #IceCracks #WinterWonderland
Germantown, Maryland, 2024
The nEUROn is the European fuill-scale technological demonstrator for an UCAV developed by an industrial tema led by Dassault Aviation with the collaboration of Finmeccanica-Alenia Aermacchi, Saab, Airbus Defence and Space, RUAG and HAI.
Fluorescence microscope image taken of mouse hippocampal cells dyed with Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1. Neurons appear as a wiry, bright object (with the cell body illuminated) while the larger, spread out shapes are neuroglia.
Blue linen blouse screen printed with neurons of the hippocampus as illustrated by Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Textile print and blouse by Melina Bloomfield.
Carla Shatz has spent her life asking a question that sounds simple but turns out to be profound: how does the brain build itself?
When you meet her, you sense the discipline behind that inquiry. She is composed and quietly exacting. Her focus is the kind that defines a scientific life. In conversation, she moves carefully, assembling ideas the way neurons assemble circuits, piece by piece, connection by connection.
Shatz transformed our understanding of brain development by showing that neural circuits are not merely laid down by a genetic blueprint. They are sculpted by activity. Even before experience floods in through the senses, the brain generates its own patterns of electrical signaling. Those patterns guide which connections are strengthened and which are pruned away. The brain rehearses its future. It refines itself through internal dialogue.
This idea shifted the field. Development was no longer a passive unfolding. It was dynamic, competitive, and alive. Neurons communicate, negotiate, and withdraw. They respond to timing and rhythm. In her work, the young brain is not a blank slate waiting to be written on. It is an active participant in its own formation.
Later, she uncovered another layer of complexity. Molecules once believed to belong solely to the immune system turned out to play critical roles in shaping synapses. The boundaries between systems blurred. Immunology and neuroscience began to overlap in ways few had anticipated. The implications stretch into our understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. Connections that fail to refine properly can echo across a lifetime.
What stands out most is her intellectual courage. To propose that spontaneous neural activity guides wiring before sensory experience was to challenge prevailing assumptions. She followed the data where it led, even when it unsettled established frameworks. She has built institutions, led the Bio-X program at Stanford, and mentored generations of neuroscientists. Her influence radiates through both published papers and the people she has trained.
The brain, in her telling, is not fixed at birth. It is shaped by activity, by competition, and by molecular conversations between cells. It is sculpted over time. Carla Shatz has spent her career illuminating that delicate process. The story of how a brain forms is, after all, the story of how each of us comes into being.
CREDITS: Migliorini Elisa, Grenci Gianluca, Marco Lazzarino/IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC e Centro di Biomedicina Molecolare (CBM) Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste.
Neurons labeled by a rabies virus, Whitlock Lab
Cells in secondary motor cortex which were labeled trans-synaptically
by a rabies virus injected in posterior parietal cortex. The
glowing red cells provide monosynaptic input into parietal cortex,
constituting the front-end of the parieto-frontal pathway in the
mouse.
Image credit to Karoline Hovde, Whitlock Lab.