After Slides, Urban Forestry Picks Up the Pieces

Healthy trees can minimize surface erosion and stabilize soils. During prolonged periods of heavy rain, soil properties on steep slopes and other areas can change to such a degree that even healthy trees can uproot. Trees may also be part of larger slides which affect all or portions of the soil the tree has depended upon for its stability. When SDOT Urban Forestry is called to assist in the investigation and clean up of slides that involve trees, several conditions must be considered and addressed before clean up can begin. Often slides present trees in various conditions; some have completely fallen and others have exposed roots and may be leaning precipitously. The real challenge is determining which trees around the edges of the slide remain stable. This requires careful consideration by arborists, geotechnical experts, and safety managers to ensure that the site is safe for clean-up activities as well as the public.

Once these important decisions are made and the site is determined safe for employees, Urban Forestry and Street Maintenance crews coordinate debris removal and traffic control. Urban Forestry utilizes ropes, pulleys, hydraulic winches, aerial lifts, chainsaws, climbers and ground personnel to remove fallen and leaning trees. Further work usually involves moving the tree debris down-slope so that it is accessible to heavy equipment. The Safety Office helps maintain communication between teams and monitors site conditions.

In this photo I want to represent the song and movie “The Gambler”.

1. In this composition I picked black and white color elements to minimize the distraction. The photo is more a form rather than shape. The way objects connect to each other in this photo draw the eye from object to object.

2. The separation from the background is the black and white elements themselves on the textured marble This photo has a high value due to the brightness of the light and lack of darker area.

3. Because I used created indoor light and no flash I had to increase my ISO up to 1600. I wanted to make sure that the objects are well illuminated. This might create more noise to the photo.

4. In this photo I had no depth of field due to the amount of light that passed through into the camera. It turned out in a sharper image. I had hard time creating a good light avoiding shadow.

5. I planed and gathered the objects to reflect the theme of the assignment. I intended to use objects that are more retro fashion in appearance and color to express the content of the story of song and movie “The Gambler” In this arrangement of elements I had to imply to the viewer the final idea, the winner. Without a story attached to it the photo would have been just an arrangement of objects.

6. I really enjoy taking photos when I have a well define theme. I like the challenge; it gives me a reason to shot photos.

Cellulite has no known cure but the appearance of knotted and dimpled skin can be minimized significantly with cellulite home remedies. The best remedy of course is caffeine.

Caffeine scrub can effectively minimize the look of cellulite. Here’s the process:

•Grind a cup of coffee seeds and mix with coconut or olive oil

•Mix together to create a fine paste

•Apply on the affected areas for15-20 min and wash with cold water

Caffeine is known to improve the appearance of your skin by increasing circulation. A healthy and fat-free diet alongside the natural treatment will also help reduce the look of cellulite.

cellulitestreatment.blogspot.in/2014/12/cellulite-home-re...

Even before the Korean War broke out in 1950, the US Air Force had been planning for a jet-powered replacement of the B-26 Marauder and A-26 Invader. Korea only exacerbated the need for a new aircraft, and the USAF issued a requirement for a new tactical bomber in late 1950, with the stipulation that it had to be based on an existing design to minimize production delays. Three American designs were considered—the North American AJ-1 Savage and B-45 Tornado, and the completely new Martin XB-51. So pressing was the need that the USAF included, in a rare move, foreign aircraft as well—a modified Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, and the English Electric Canberra B.2. The Canberra, to the surprise of everyone involved, won the competition easily. The USAF did have misgivings about the design, especially the fact that the bombardier sat behind the cockpit, completely enclosed in the fuselage, but its performance was what won the competition: the Canberra had been designed to replace the deHavilland Mosquito and had the speed and maneuverability to match.

The problem was, English Electric was a small startup company and could barely supply the British Royal Air Force with its Canberras, let alone the much larger USAF. To solve the problem, Martin Aircraft was awarded a contract to build the Canberra as the B-57.

Though the initial batch of B-57As were basically identical to the Canberra B.2, aside from upgraded engines and the deletion of the navigator station, the B-57B was to be fundamentally different and more in line of what the USAF intended. The B-57B had a completely redesigned forward fuselage, eliminating the clear navigator nose and wide side-by-side seating of the Canberra B.2, and replacing it with tandem seating, with the now-combined bombardier/navigator sitting behind the pilot. The Canberra B.2 had been unarmed, but the B-57B could either carry eight machine guns or four 20mm cannon in an underfuselage tray. The internal bomb bay of the Canberra was replaced with a rotary-type developed for the XB-51, which would rotate to expose the bomb load on the target run, enhancing the aerodynamics of the aircraft. USAF B-57Bs entered service in June 1954, replacing the A-26 in the night attack role.

Soon after it entered service, however, the USAF began to question its new bomber’s capabilities. The Canberra had been fast enough when it was designed in the late 1940s, but technology had moved so quickly that it was now vulnerable to surface-to-air missiles. With this in mind, the USAF resolved to replace the B-57 in tactical bomber units with F-100 Super Sabres and delete the entire night interdiction role.

Vietnam was to give the Canberra a temporary stay in retirement. Though it could be a tough aircraft to fly, it was a stable platform, and in the comparatively low threat skies of South Vietnam, its slow speed was more of a help than a detriment. It could carry a heavy bombload, and it was accurate; B-57s were especially deadly over the Ho Chi Minh Trail against enemy trucks. This accuracy made it a welcome sight to troops in contact, but as Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops increased their antiaircraft capabilities, B-57s began to take heavier losses. Over half the Canberras sent to Vietnam would be shot down. A number were developed into special operations aircraft, such as the RB-57E Patricia Lynn and B-57G Tropic Moon III. The Royal Australian Air Force also flew their own British-version Canberras over Vietnam.

Vietnam would be the B-57's swan song. The survivors were converted to electronic warfare training EB-57s, and these lasted in service until 1983. A few massively modified WB-57Fs atmospheric research aircraft remain in service with NASA.

52-1492, the RB-57A seen here, was the last RB-57A built. It was assigned to the 7499th Support Group at Rhein-Main, in then West Germany. Despite its mundane designation, the 7499th was actually a secret reconnaissance unit: its RB-57As were modified from the standard tactical reconnaissance Canberras for taking pictures across the Iron Curtain into Eastern Europe, or even near the Soviet border. 52-1492 was modified under Project Sharp Cut to carry special long-range cameras in the bomb bay, and given uprated engines for high altitude reconnaissance. These RB-57s would fly along the Soviet or Warsaw Pact borders and use the cameras to take pictures without actually penetrating other nations' airspace. Despite this, overflights did occasionally happen, but the high altitude used by the RB-57s made interception by MiG fighters nearly impossible.

When the 7499th reequipped with the even more advanced (and secretive) RB-57D, 52-1492 was sent across the world to the 6091st Reconnaissance Squadron at Yokota, Japan, where it did much the same job, but this time taking photographs of North Korea and China. While at Yokota, it was often given fake registration numbers to confuse any observers over how many RB-57As the squadron actually had. 52-1492 was retired in 1960 and was placed on display at the National Museum of the USAF, but as the NMUSAF acquired more Canberras, it was surplus to the museum's requirements. In 1990, it was donated to the Hill Aerospace Museum, as Hill AFB had handled B-57 engine parts support.

Hill's official guide book mentions that museum volunteers restored 52-1492 to the way it looked during its Sharp Cut missions, and they did a fantastic job. B-57s look good in the night operations scheme of overall semigloss black with red titling, and 52-1492 is no exception. Hill has gotten crowded as of late and the B-57 has a wide wingspan, hence the accidental inclusion of the museum's HH-1N in the shot to the left.

MODERN MULTI-FUNCTIONS LUBRICANT SPRAY

MINIMIZE FRICTIONS UP TO 70%

• 25x lesser wear compared to conventional lubricant

• 3x longer protection (SLICKER), 5-10x longer protection (SLICKWAX)

• Very effective to remove squeak and heat caused by metal to metal contact

• Eliminates energy usage (electricity or fuel consumption), mechanism works lighter , more power ful & faster

• Extends tools life

• Multi-functions, 1 product for many applications

• Dissolves slight rust, used oil and tough stain

• High ressistance against rust & corrosion (especially SLICK WAX)

(*Independent lab test results not a guarantee for every applications. Consumers are advised to do consultation or test before applications).

Nano Ionic Bond Lubricant is super slippery lubricant which will cover metal surface, form strong covalent bond, protect metal against wear caused by friction, micro pitting, corrosion & oxidation.

Nano Ionic Bond Lubricant is pure lubricant, does not contain PTFE, Silicone, Teflon, other corrosive chemical & also solids lubricant such as Moly (MoS2), Boron Nitrite, Tungsten or Graphite. Does not clog oil filters as it is purely lubricant.

SLICK WAX

New technology wax, also functions as anti-rust & corrosion, making SLICK WAX gives longer lubrica-tion 5-10x compared to light lubricant when applied in open air because wax will functions as “protection jacket” that will make lubricant “stays in place”, will not easily dried and repel water/moist.

Because of its modern wax, SLICK WAX is viscous and will not easily dried, more suitable for open air, frequent water contacts, or higher rust protection required of lubrication.

Such as: bushings, car door hinges, doors (pint & joint on rolling door, folding gate), chains (bicycle, motorcycle, industrial, marine, heavy equipment), mechanical dish, bearings, steel cable/sling, springs, gears, etc.

Kemasan: Aerosol Can 400 mL, 270 mL & 100 mL

CONTACT US FOR DETAILS AND PRICING

Email: idsales@jcprimo.com

Long Beach Airport has very little passenger service compared with the dominant Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) approximately 18 miles (29 km) to the northwest, and will always remain a relatively small airport because of restrictive ordinances adopted to minimize noise in the residential neighborhoods near LGB. The airport is under one of the strictest ordinances in the United States on both airport noise and the number of commercial flights. The current noise levels allow for 41 daily commercial flights and 25 commuter flights. Local community groups and activists are very vocal about any changes at the airport.

At the same time, the arrival of low-cost carrier JetBlue Airways at Long Beach Airport in 2001, and that airline's decision to establish a West Coast hub at LGB, has substantially increased the air traffic to the airport and has cemented LGB's standing as a viable alternative to LAX for flights from the Los Angeles area to major East Coast cities. While JetBlue used the local noise ordinance to turn Long Beach Airport into a miniature fortress hub, it quickly reached maximum capacity and has since been forced to rework flight schedules and direct future growth to other Los Angeles area airports. JetBlue calls LGB a Focus city and now operates 31 of the 41 slots.

Air cargo carriers, including FedEx and UPS, also maintain operations out of LGB. 57,000 tons of goods are transported each year.

The Boeing Company (formerly McDonnell Douglas) maintains production of the C-17 military transport jet; maintenance facilities for other Boeing and McDonnell Douglas/Douglas aircraft (including the historic DC-9 and DC-10 aircraft) are also found at Long Beach Airport. Gulfstream Aerospace also has a completion/service center at the airport.

Although commercial flights are severely restricted, there are still a large number of flights at the airport from charter flights, private aviation, flight schools, law enforcement flights, helicopters, advertising blimps, planes towing advertising banners, etc. Because of that, Long Beach airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in the world, with 398,433 aircraft movements in 2007.[6]

Long Beach Airport has a single terminal. It is notable for its Streamline Moderne style of architecture and is a historical landmark. Because of the age and limited size of the current terminal, changes—including a possible addition—are currently on-going.

bit.ly/wlaGCZHow To Make CompostOur family members has often had a compost heap as it is usually referred to as, and it is a fantastic way to minimize your garbage although producing a fantastic medium to add to your back garden soil. Compost is the way nature recyclest but we can pace it up a bit.

What is compost? Properly it is natural and organic waste plant content that is permitted to rot away in a controlled vogue. Since of its friable nature and concentration of goodies, it is exceptional for including to soil and for developing vegetation.

The initial phase in generating compost, though it is not required, is to minimize the dimensions of the compostable content by shredding it -  Just click Below to see how – specifically if you have huge leaves or sticks and so forth. Making use of Shredder and/chipper achieves wo items: As pointed out it decreases the volume, but it also decreases the dimensions of particles in the waste and helps make them a lot more even in dimensions which assists with a a lot more speedy break down and a lot more even textured compost.

We typically had a few compost heaps or compartments and you can get them to assemble, make them with content you could have about your home.В One particular thought I have observed of is to get hold of some non-reusable pallets and use these as the front, back again and sides, so you will want В 7 pallets. The pallet thought is a excellent one particular since of the slatted sides it aids to preserve the composting content aerated which is crucial.

Spot your compost В bins somewhere practical in your back garden, in the sunlight or semi shade and positioned on the earth so that worms and so forth. can colonize it.

Though generating compost is a straightforward method there are some simple principles to abide by to make certain your compost heap stays “sweet” and does not get “sour” . For illustration, as well a lot grass from mowing your lawn is not a excellent thought. The thought is to layer the content you add to the compost heap: e.g. leaves – grass clippings – back garden trimmings – family content. At times if you can not layer you can add soil as a layer.

Okay what can and can not do when generating compost:

1) Fundamentally anything at all natural and organic, i.e. that when lived. Other than meat items and dairy foods . The purpose getting В that you really don't want negative smells coming from your compost heap and you really don't want to appeal to vermin or canines and so forth.

2) As a guideline on how to add items there is a proportion of a few elements of brown content to one particular portion of green  material. This is as well make certain that you really don't stop up with as well a lot moist products which can suffocate a compost heap – you see the brown colored content for generating compost is typically dry:

&nbsp

Brown Products for the Compost:

[checklist]

Fallen Leaves

Hay, straw, dried grass (observe for seeds), dried stalks

Shredded paper and cardboard

Tree prunings and bark and so forth.

Items like pine needles are Okay but not as well several (&lt 10%) since they are tough to compost and are acidic in nature.How To Make Compost

[/checklist]

Green Products for the Compost:

[checklist]

Vegetable and fruit waste from the back garden or residence

Eggshells

Tea, tea bags and coffee grounds

Weeds and other back garden sort plant squander

Grass clippings in moderation as pointed out previously mentioned.

Seaweed В -В pays to soak it so that it is less difficult to compost

[/checklist]

Manure for the Compost:

Any herbivorous i.e. plant ingesting animal manure like Horse, rabbit, chicken, goat, sheep, rabbit. Once again not as well a lot since it needs a good deal of oxygen to compost, so combine it with a bit of compost when including it.

If you can add finer content like products that has been by way of a garden shredder, this will shorten the time for generating compost, and you will get a finer, a lot more even composted merchandise. But shredded content will also call for a tiny a lot more administration , like “loosening” it up with a fork since it can pack down a lot more than coarser content.

Typically if you preserve to these guidebook lines your efforts in generating compostВ must be productive. Just preserve away from animal items, raw and cooked oils like plant or peanut butter and so forth and nuisance sort vegetation with mature seed heads.

The dimensions of the compost bins is equivalent to the sum of products that you want to compost: Huge back garden, huge family members, then huge sized bins. Mine are a few ft by a few ft, and I fill them to about 2 ft which В on the huge aspect.

The very best program of how to compost is to commence with amount one particular compost bin and when that is total commence with the second bin and the contents of the initial will commence generating compost When the second bin is total, commence the third bin with the program getting that when the third bin is total the initial bin will have created excellent compost, all set to eliminated to the back garden. In this way you are generating compost in a constant cycle.

When a compost bin is total you can best it off lightly with soil to preserve it moist.

When generating compost in actually dry situations make positive your compost bin does not dry out – for very best final results the contents of the compost bin need to be moist – NOT Moist.

In winter months you must see your compost bin steaming since the method of generating excellent compost or breaking down does produce warmth which is excellent for killing nasties like some fungi and plant seeds.

So now you know how to make excellent compost and the constant approach for generating compost - Recycling at its simple very best!

В Home| How to make excellent compost

In an 24 Hour Vet Clinic Omaha Ne , we encounter situations in which dog lovers are forced to go to the 24 Hour Emergency Vet Omaha and spend large sums on visits to the Emergency Vet In Omaha Ne, which could have been prevented if they had taken care of the dog's own care and grooming routine.

‘We are as emergency vet know that all of you are busy and you have a lot on your head, but the dog is a family member and as such, we are responsible for his health and quality of life and therefore when he is not feeling well we run to the 24 Hour Vet Clinic Omaha Ne and pay the price .

We at the 24 Hour Emergency Vet Omaha Ne give you advice from our vast experience:

Nutrition - Nutrition is the most important factor that keeps you and your dog from frequent visits to a Emergency Vet Clinic Omaha Ne.

A balanced, correct and appropriate diet that contains everything your dog needs including supplements to the joints and bones and to the health of your hair and skin. The right diet will make sure your immune system is functioning high and can prevent anything from viruses to parasites. Thus, the body of the dog will be able to deal with things without the intervention of the 24 Hour Emergency Vet Omaha Ne. Want to know more about proper nutrition?

Exercise - Regular exercise for the body and brain of the dog, are the building blocks for dog health. Every dog ​​needs movement to maintain its physical health and it needs brain challenges to maintain an active and interactive brain and prevent boredom.

A non-challenged dog becomes a sad dog and begins to suffer from medical problems.

So, do your best to run the dog in a variety of activities, pose different dog challenges. Play it in circles and octaves, play with others, ball games, Frisbee, Treasure Hunt and more, and you will have a happy and healthy dog ​​for years.

Proper weight - Keeping a healthy weight is one of the biggest challenges in dealing with a pet, especially when Zemanta Related Posts Thumbnail is constantly being fed.

Excess weight is now the number one cause of death in the pet.

It is important to remember that in addition to proper nutrition, the dog / cat also maintains normal and healthy weight, skeletal system and normal muscles.

If your dog is overweight, change your diet, lifestyle, and feeling. This is an emergency task officer can do with the appropriate guidance and training and this is where I am here for you. If you choose to take responsibility for your dog's health and change his condition and improve his quality of life so that he can jump and enjoy unlimited happy life, you can buy weight loss training to do it yourself easily, safely and in a short time. For details on purchasing a kit and how to help a dog lose weight you can contact me at the call center.If your dog is overweight, change your diet, lifestyle, and feeling. This is an emergency task officer can do with the appropriate guidance and training and this is where I am here for you. If you choose to take responsibility for your dog's health and change his condition and improve his quality of life so that he can jump and enjoy unlimited happy life, you can buy weight loss training to do it yourself easily, safely and in a short time. For details on purchasing a kit and how to help a dog lose weight you can contact me at the call center.

For more detailed information, an Emergency Vet Omaha in your area:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRPh0InRays

www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbiosbG0lIE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_le58dVb-SY

www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FVoKs7fqsQ

www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXM9zjIJvrs

www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXl62fdYJf8&t=1s

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGAItRwcSlU

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2xs8Vydg_o

The 2013 Mo-99 Topical Meeting was held in Chicago, IL on April 1-4, 2013. The meeting served as a forum to discuss recent developments in the transition to full-cost recovery and the establishment of a reliable supply of Mo-99 produced without the use of HEU. Parrish Staples, director of the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) Office of European and African Threat Reduction, spoke at the closing session on April 4, 2013.

For more information about this event: 2013 Mo-99 Topical Meeting - Event Summary »

Pregnancy is loaded with emotional good and the bad. There are actually both lifestyle and bodily changes to understand. However, being better prepared and informed will enable you to minimize the fear and stress that could be linked to pregnancy. Seeking a suitable beginning point? Just start here.

Confer with your doctor prior to plan any traveling, while pregnant. If you do travel, bring your prenatal records along, in the event that something happens.

Sort through your residence and office, and discard chemicals capable to harm the progress of your respective pregnancy. Cleaning solutions are probably the biggest offenders in your lives, so start replacing them natural solutions. Once you have a new baby, try keeping them from the house so it will be safer for these people.

Tell your doctor if you notice swelling with your feet after getting pregnant. While this can be component of your pregnancy, it may possibly be also preeclampsia, and that is a serious condition that elevates hypertension. This issue needs immediate treatment so that the baby is good.

Sign up to a pregnancy class when you first figure out you will be expecting. This gives you the opportunity figure out helpful tips. Furthermore you will be capable of ask inquiries you will probably have about the future.

While being pregnant, it is wise to be sure that your body is fully supported throughout sleep. Provided you can afford it, you must seek out the special pillows intended to support a pregnant body. When you don't have got a pregnancy pillow handy, a consistent pillow can be used for support. It can be a great idea to place a pillow underneath your growing stomach and also under each of your knees.

If you're pregnant, it's crucial that you eat a good amount of protein. This healthy nutrient is useful to both you and your baby. High protein food sources include however they are not limited by nuts, eggs, meat, dairy, seeds and tofu.

Understand that your pregnancy will not likely last extended. For better or worse, in nine months the mom and father will probably be off about the next stage in their lives: parenthood. Determining more info during this time can assist you feel convenient. www.bolee.com/ads/all/pregnancy

# The Application of Stealth Design Technology in Unmanned Cardboard Gliders

## Abstract

This article explores the innovative use of stealth design technology in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), specifically cardboard gliders constructed from pressed cardboard materials. By leveraging polygonal stealth design principles, these drones aim to minimize radar visibility, offering strategic advantages for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.

## Introduction

The evolution of military technology has led to a significant emphasis on stealth capabilities in aerial vehicles. Traditional stealth aircraft utilize advanced materials and geometric designs to evade radar detection. This article proposes a novel approach: the construction of unmanned gliders from specially designed pressed cardboard. The use of lightweight materials not only reduces production costs but also aligns with eco-friendly practices in military operations.

## Stealth Design Principles

### 1. Polygonal Geometry

The cornerstone of stealth technology is the geometric design of the aircraft. Polygonal shapes reduce the radar cross-section by deflecting incoming radar waves away from the source. In the case of cardboard gliders, employing flat surfaces and sharp angles can effectively minimize radar signature.

### 2. Material Properties

While cardboard inherently lacks radar-absorbing properties, advancements in material science can enhance its stealth capabilities. Coating the cardboard with radar-absorbing substances or integrating special additives during the pressing process can improve its effectiveness against detection.

### 3. Shape Optimization

The shape of the glider is crucial for ensuring invisibility. A design that incorporates low aspect ratios and high lift-to-drag ratios will not only enhance aerodynamic performance but also aid in radar evasion.

## Design and Manufacture of Cardboard Gliders

### 1. Structural Integrity

Pressed cardboard can be engineered to maintain structural integrity while remaining lightweight. The design must ensure that the glider can withstand operational stresses without compromising its stealth features.

### 2. Manufacturing Process

The production of these gliders involves a specialized pressing technique that shapes the cardboard into stealth-optimized forms. This process can be scaled for mass production, making it a viable option for military use.

### 3. Cost-Effectiveness

Using pressed cardboard significantly reduces manufacturing costs compared to traditional UAV materials. This economic advantage allows for the development of a larger fleet of drones, enhancing operational flexibility.

## Operational Advantages

### 1. Reconnaissance and Surveillance

Stealth cardboard gliders can be deployed for reconnaissance missions in areas with high radar coverage. Their reduced visibility allows for covert data collection, providing valuable intelligence without alerting enemy forces.

### 2. Ecological Considerations

The use of biodegradable materials aligns with contemporary military strategies focused on sustainability. Cardboard drones can minimize environmental impact while fulfilling military objectives.

### 3. Tactical Versatility

The lightweight and low-cost nature of these gliders enables rapid deployment and adaptability in various operational scenarios. This versatility can enhance mission success rates.

## Conclusion

The integration of stealth design technology in the manufacture of unmanned cardboard gliders presents a unique opportunity for military advancements. By utilizing polygonal shapes and innovative materials, these drones can offer effective stealth capabilities while remaining environmentally conscious and cost-effective. Further research and development are essential to refine these designs and maximize their potential in modern warfare.

## Future Research Directions

Future studies should focus on enhancing radar-absorbing properties of cardboard, optimizing aerodynamic designs, and exploring the operational efficacy of these gliders in real-world scenarios.

## Strengthening Cardboard Structures for Atmospheric Applications

### Abstract

The increasing interest in lightweight aerial vehicles, such as quadcopters and gliders made from cardboard, necessitates the exploration of materials and methods that enhance durability and performance. This study investigates techniques for reinforcing cardboard structures, particularly in humid environments, and minimizing the incorporation of metal components.

### 1. Introduction

Cardboard is an appealing material for constructing lightweight aerial vehicles due to its low cost and ease of fabrication. However, its susceptibility to moisture and structural weakness poses significant challenges, especially when deployed in high-altitude scenarios. This paper outlines strategies to strengthen cardboard for use in quadcopters and gliders, which may be released from helium balloons at high altitudes, and discusses methods to minimize metal components for weight reduction.

### 2. Strengthening Cardboard Structures

#### 2.1 Waterproof Coating

Cardboard is inherently porous, making it vulnerable to moisture absorption. To enhance its water resistance, a waterproof coating is recommended. Coatings such as polyurethane or epoxy resin can provide a robust barrier against humidity. These coatings can be applied via spray or brush methods and should be allowed to cure fully to ensure optimal performance.

#### 2.2 Reinforcement Layers

Adding additional layers of cardboard can significantly improve the structural integrity of the vehicle. This can be achieved by utilizing corrugated cardboard, which offers superior strength-to-weight ratios. In addition, other lightweight materials, such as fiberglass or carbon fiber, can be laminated onto the cardboard to enhance its rigidity and resilience.

#### 2.3 Honeycomb Structure

Incorporating a honeycomb design within the cardboard can enhance its load-bearing capacity while minimizing weight. This structure allows for increased stiffness and strength, making it ideal for aerial applications where aerodynamic efficiency is crucial.

#### 2.4 Plastic Lamination

Laminating the cardboard with a thin layer of plastic can provide added protection against moisture. This process involves encasing the cardboard in a plastic film, which not only shields it from environmental factors but also adds a degree of structural support.

#### 2.5 Foam Inserts

Using lightweight foam materials as inserts can add strength and reduce overall weight. Foam can be strategically placed within the cardboard structure to provide additional support in critical areas without compromising the vehicle's weight limits.

### 3. Minimizing Metal Components

#### 3.1 Use of Plastic Components

Replacing metal parts with plastic alternatives is a viable method for reducing weight. Many manufacturers produce strong, lightweight plastic components that can serve the same functions as metal parts, including gears, connectors, and frames.

#### 3.2 3D Printed Parts

Advancements in 3D printing technology allow for the creation of custom components using lightweight materials such as PLA or PETG. 3D printing enables the design of integrated parts that can combine multiple functions, thereby reducing the total number of components required.

#### 3.3 Adhesive Joints

Utilizing strong adhesives or tapes instead of metal fasteners such as screws and bolts can significantly decrease the number of metal parts in the assembly. This approach not only reduces weight but also simplifies the construction process.

#### 3.4 Integrated Designs

Designing components to fulfill multiple roles can minimize the need for additional parts. For instance, the frame of the quadcopter can be designed to also serve as a mounting structure for motors and batteries, reducing complexity and weight.

### 4. Conclusion

By employing the techniques outlined in this study, it is possible to enhance the performance and durability of cardboard quadcopters and gliders, especially in humid environments. The integration of waterproof coatings, structural reinforcements, and the minimization of metal components will contribute to the successful deployment of these innovative aerial vehicles in various atmospheric conditions.

### 5. Future Work

Further research is recommended to explore additional materials and methods that can enhance the performance of cardboard aerial vehicles, including the effects of varying environmental conditions on structural integrity and performance.

Heroyam 🔱 Slava

Bohdan

سيروم يعمل على تقليص وتضييق المسام ويتحكم بالإفرازات الدهنية كما يمنح الترطيب للبشرة

خالي من الكحول

166 ريال

Some background:

The Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) is a heavy fighter and Schnellbomber ("Fast Bomber" in English) designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt. It was flown by the Luftwaffe during the latter half of the Second World War.

The Me 410’s origins are closely associated with the preceding Me 210. Development of this aircraft had been projected back in 1937 as a multi-purpose successor to the Bf 110, which had some identified shortcomings even prior to seeing combat service. Early on, confidence in the Me 210 had been high, to the extent that 1,000 aircraft were ordered off the drawing board; however, it would be a troubled program. Flight testing revealed poor longitudinal stability and despite modifications was considered unsatisfactory. While quantity production of the type proceeded, the Me 210 had a relatively high rate of accidents. This heavily contributed to production being halted on 14 April 1942; officials were keen to remedy the Me 210's problems and return it to production to minimize the economic loss incurred.

Various modifications to the design were explored, including the Me 310, a radical high-altitude derivative that incorporated a pressurized cockpit and more powerful engines.[9] This option was not favored by many officials, who sought a less ambitious remediation of the Me 210. It was this preference that led to the Me 410’s emergence, which was visually almost identical to the Me 210. The principal difference was the adoption of the larger (at 44.5 liters, 2,720 cu in displacement) and more powerful Daimler-Benz DB 603A engines. These engines each provided 1,750 metric horsepower (1,730 hp; 1,290 kW) compared to the 1,475 metric horsepower (1,455 hp; 1,085 kW) of the DB 605s used on the Me 210C. The extra power increased the Me 410's maximum speed to 625 kilometers per hour (388 mph), greatly improved rate of climb, service ceiling, and the cruising speed, the latter being raised to 579 km/h (360 mph).

The more powerful engines also improved payload capability to the point where the aircraft could lift a war-load greater than could fit into the bomb bay under the nose. Consequently, shackles were added under the wings for four 50-kilogram (110 lb) bombs. The changes added an extra 680 kg (1,500 lb) to the Me 210 design, but the extra engine power more than made up for the difference. As with the Me 210, the Me 410's rear gunner used the same pair of Ferngerichtete Drehringseitenlafette FDSL 131/1B turrets mounted on each side of the aircraft, each still armed with a 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine gun, retaining the same pivoting handgun-style grip, trigger and gunsight to aim and fire the ordnance as the Me 210 did.

General characteristics:

Crew: two

Length: 12.75 m (41 ft 9 in)

Wingspan: 16.3513 m (53 ft 7.75 in)

Height: 4.280 m (14 ft 0.5 in)

Wing area: 36.2031 m2 (389.687 sq ft)

Airfoil: root: NACA 23018-636.5; tip: NACA 23010-636.5

Empty weight: 7,518 kg (16,574 lb)

Gross weight: 9,651 kg (21,276 lb)

Fuel capacity: 550 imp gal (660 US gal; 2,500 L) in four wing tanks

Powerplant:

2× Daimler-Benz DB 603A-1l/r V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engines, each providing:

- 1,290 kW (1,750 hp) for take-off

- 1,360 kW (1,850 PS) at 2,100 m (6,890 ft)

- 1,195 kW (1,625 PS) at 5,700 m (18,700 ft)

Driving handed 4-bladed VDM constant-speed propeller

Performance:

Maximum speed: 507 km/h (315 mph, 274 kn) at sea level,

624 km/h (388 mph; 337 kn) at 6,700 m (21,980 ft)

Cruise speed: 587 km/h (365 mph, 317 kn)

Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi) at maximum continuous cruise speed,

1,690 km (1,050 mi) at economical cruise speed

Ferry range: 2,300 km (1,400 mi, 1,200 nmi)

Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)

Time to altitude: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) in ten minutes and 42 seconds

Armament:

4× 20 mm (0.79 in) MG 151/20 cannon with 300 rpg in the lower fuselage, firing forward

2× 30 mm (0.79 in) MK 108 cannon with 100 rpg behind the cockpit (“Schräge Musik”),

oriented 65° above horizontal

Up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of disposable external stores, including:

- 2x 300l + 1x 500l drop tanks

- 2x 250 kg or 4x 100kg or 4x 50 kg bombs

- 4× 21 cm (8.3 in) Werfer-Granate 21 rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Well, my Me 410 night fighter is certainly not the first one of its kind, but a personal interpretation of the subject with as much late-WWII hardware on board as possible, for a purposeful look and feel.

The basis of this build became the Italeri Me 410, mostly because it comes with “plugs” for the fuselage flanks where the original Me 410 carried its defensive gun barbettes – IMHO useless on a night fighter. The plugs are, however, quite useless, because they still have to be PSRed into the flanks so that they could be easily omitted anyway...

Another typical ingredient was a Quickboost FuG 240 thimble radome for the system's static dish antenna, originally intended for a Ju 88 G-6 night fighter but in this case mounted to the aircraft’s nose and PSRed into shape, too. The radome’s “flat” underside was also a plausible detail for an open field of fire for ventral guns in the former bomb bay – a conversion that had been done to many Me 410 heavy fighters with field modifications and cannon Rüstsätze.

The cockpit was insofar modified that the former gunner on the back seat now faced forward, and the workstation received some scratched devices like a radar screen and a tilted gun sight. The pilot received an IR sight, mounted through a hole that was drilled into the windscreen, and a separate bulletproof glass panel behind the windscreen. Since I did not want to open the already complex/fiddly three-part canopy I added two crew members.

The former machine gun barbettes were faired over, and instead two hollow steel needles were mounted behind the cockpit on sockets/bulges, plus a clear “sensor some” (all made from sprue material). Hollow steel needles were also used to simulate protruding gun barrels in the ventral cannon compartment and on the back. Under the wings a pair of OOB 300l drop tanks were added, a plausible payload, and to beef up the armament I scratched a Magirus-Bombe gun pod and mounted it on a central hardpoint from a Fw 190.

As an individual detail I lowered the aircraft's flaps, which was quite easy to do. The wing segments were simply cut out and semi-circular styrene profile used to create the hinges.

To make the Me 410 night fighter look a bit more purposeful I furthermore used flame dampers on the exhaust stubs; these were taken from an Italeri Me 110 night fighter, and this worked better then expected. I just had to modify one of the exhaust pipes due to the different position of the carburettor intakes on the Me 410. Furthermore I replaced the original three blade props with four blade alternatives (which had been tested on Me 410 V15 IIRC, but had not been adopted) from a FROG D.H. Hornet. Not a perfect match, because the spinners were slightly too big in diameter (could be trimmed down, though) and the props are handed, but that's only obvious at second glance.

Painting and markings:

I kept the livery conservative, and wanted to keep the aircraft relatively light overall, like a typical German late war night fighter. Therefore, the machine initially received an overall coat with RLM 76 (Humbrol 247), only with a few blurry fields and speckles with RLM 75 (Humbrol 246) on the wings’ upper surfaces and on the spine. Additionally, some mottling with mixed shades of RLM 76 and 75 were added, primarily to the fuselage, engine and fin flanks.

I initially considered additional mottles with lighter RLM 77 (RAL 7035, almost white) on the flanks and the upper surfaces, but when the two basic tones were applied I thought that this was already enough, so I kept the livery rather simple.

An unusual detail is a single black wing underside, though. This is/was not a camouflage measure, rather an identification marking for anti-aircraft artillery on the ground to avoid friendly fire. This was, just as in real life, done with water-soluble paint (acrylic tar black, Revell 06), so that the original light blue-grey paint would shine through here and there and the black paint would easily wear or flake off.

To achieve this effects and to blur the mottling the whole model received, after it had been painted, an overall treatment with fine wet sand paper. A similar method was used to simulate flaked paint on the wooden radome. After a light black ink washing some post-panel-shading was done, too.

The cockpit interior became very dark grey (RAL 7021, I used Revell 09 Anthracite) while the landing gear and its respective wells were painted in RLM 02 (Tamiya XF-22).

The decals were puzzled together from various sources. The code G9+F(red)N is plausible for an aircraft of the Nachtjagdgeschwader 1's 5th squadron. The unit emblem is fictional, though, the gauntlet motif came from an RAF Tornado. The black iron crosses were reduced to a minimum - except for the underwing markings, which were kept more complex even during the final war stages, and in the case of the black wing these markings also offer more contrast for a secure identification from below.

After some soot stains done with graphite around the exhausts and the gun muzzles the model was finally sealed with matt acrylic varnish and the wire antenna made from heated black sprue material was added.

I try to minimize any contact with the frame.

You'll notice my hands are very dry. NO hand lotion allowed!

So, after my little jaunt to gay Paree yesterday, I decided I'd had it with lugging stuff around - time to minimize the kit I needed to travel with to show off our little iddy biddy groovesome chips.

First stop - stupid massive power supply for the Toradex. Not their stupid, massive fault I must add - it's shipped sans PSU so I just reused an old Powerbook one I had hanging around. A stupid, massive Powerbook one. But anyway, I looked at their board, flipped it over, and the silk screen claimed '6-27V'. 6, eh ... 6 is mighty close to 5. Well, quite close to 5. Close enough for rock and roll? Let's find out ...

So with 5 in mind I took a USB -> mini USB cable, chopped off the mini end, stripped the ends bare, quick multimeter check to avoid doing anything stupid and stuck the USB end into my tiny but perfectly-formed 10W iPad USB brick. 5.1V said the multimeter, giving me a wee bit more margin ...

... and it worked. Woo hoo! Now I'm down one mighty power brick and a huge stupid UK power plug, and I always have an iPad with me, so cool.

But hang on - maybe it would work with a wimpy iPod Touch power brick? Then I could leave the iPad at home. Well, the iPad charger ... yes, unlikely I know, but let's try it.

And it worked!!! Way beyond spec on both current draw from the brick and the voltage pushed out by the brick, but it worked anyway. Worked perfectly. For hours.

All right!!!

But - hang on one cotton-pickin' minute there, Muskie - if the wimpy iPod brick can power it, surely the Mac can? If one piece of Apple kit can work well beyond spec, maybe another can? Thus eliminating entirely any external source of power ...

And it worked!!!

So maybe even a non-Apple piece of kit will also work??

And blimey, it worked from my 'never trust a PC to do anything right' Dell as well. Nice work, Michael.

Power supply completely eliminated. And if I travel without a Mac (very occasionally I do) then I can still do demos. I rock like Jimmy Page playing Black Dog while eating a stick of rock while sitting on a rocking chair which itself is sitting on a giant rock. ROCK!!

So, pictured above is now my entire Tegra demo kit for going on the road. One fag packet sized Toradex, one cable with the end cut off, and one wireless keyboard/mouse pair.

Hence the title of the picture - now I need a TINY keyboard, preferably a back pocket sized teeny keyboard/touchpad combo with a built-in laser pointer. Or a 2.4GHz radio to plug in the dock of the iPad and a keyboard/mouse app. Actually I could probably use a Bluetooth -> USB dongle and use an app on the iPad. That would be cooool ...

But for the time being, little victories - because this is a lot less crap to unpack and repack at the X-ray machine in Paris, where the staff are weird about anything on the X-ray that looks like a wire.

My goal is to minimize my time surfing the net, yet still having the most up-to-date information-at-a-glance.

Each RSS feed category has 8 Feeds, that expand collapse with buttons by the title, which cleans up the desktop in 5 clicks.

Back problems is a kind of problem that numerous people have problems with. There are tons of actions you can take to minimize or remove back discomfort. By utilizing the tips in the following article, it is possible to significantly decrease your back problems.

It may possibly not be possible to acquire a quick appointment for therapy for a severe back issue, even though awaiting a scheduled appointment, it is sometimes complicated for many individuals to stay or lie down comfortably. Should you be hoping to get some rest when you watch for a scheduled appointment, consider laying down along with your back flat in the mattress along with your knees bent in to a comfortable position. This position will make the tension inside your back less severe by helping support your tendons and muscles.

Never make an effort to ignore or "get by" with back problems. Lots of people overlook the pain signals off their bodies entirely. Tend not to make an effort to ignore your back problems. Once you move a whole lot, you can easily create your pain worse. Take several days to rest till the pain goes away completely.

To know the seriousness of back discomfort or injury and get away from rendering it worse, you ought to rest your back for one to two days after experiencing pain. If, after a number of days, the pain sensation goes away completely, then more than likely it absolutely was simply a minor injury. Although, should you go through the same amount or an increase in pain, then this doctor or chiropractor should perform an examination to view what the main cause of the thing is. Resting any further than two days will never only forget to cure the situation, but could possibly worsen it by letting the supporting muscles to advance atrophy.

Perhaps you often lift things located very far from one to save time. People often take shortcuts and they also do that daily. You must stand even closer to things which are positioned very far from you, and spend the time to lift correctly.

Nursing mothers should breastfeed within a comfortable chair and never in the couch. When carried out in an incorrect position, breast-feeding can could cause back discomfort. Also, put an appropriate pad behind your back when you find yourself breastfeeding.

You could have some alternatives on how to remove back problems and lead an improved life. Utilize these suggestions to be of assistance in becoming liberated out of your troubling symptoms. You owe it to yourself to finally live without back discomfort. You must ultimately get this decision. www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRh6sIqZ9no

To minimize dust and other particulates from jackhammering, a worker sprays water on the slurry wall surface and equipment.

controlling wiggler harmonic to minimize cavity mirror.

PRODUCT INFORMATION IN DETAIL

Features:

Hold your Smartphone horizontally on your belt in this beautiful Wanda Horizontal Case!

Horizontal design minimizes the common problem of cases accidentally drop-off your belt while you sit.

Manufactured by hand from durable leather and detailed exquisitely.

Contrasting the outer ebony shell is a smooth tan interior, making this case sophisticated and chic.

Easy of use – will take only seconds to keep your device in and take it out.

Keep your precious screen from any scratches and dust that coming to contact your device.

Magnetic clasp closure keeps the phone protected inside the case.

The case comes with fixed 360 degree swiveling; leather wrapped metal clip attaches easily to belts or straps.

The belt clip provides you with a vertical or a horizontal placement for your convenience.

Specifications:

Case Type: Horizontal Case.

Model: Wanda Collection.

Fixed 360 degree swivel belt clip.

Fixed belt clip with belt loop.

Material: Premium Leather.

Size of the case: Xtra2 Large.

Dimension: 130 x 63.5 x 20 mm.

Face: Enclosed.

Magnetic closure.

Manufacturer: Amzer.

Price: $19.95

Check Nokia Lumia 920 Cases on www.fommy.com/accessories.php?make=Nokia&model=Nokia+...

Long Beach Airport has very little passenger service compared with the dominant Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) approximately 18 miles (29 km) to the northwest, and will always remain a relatively small airport because of restrictive ordinances adopted to minimize noise in the residential neighborhoods near LGB. The airport is under one of the strictest ordinances in the United States on both airport noise and the number of commercial flights. The current noise levels allow for 41 daily commercial flights and 25 commuter flights. Local community groups and activists are very vocal about any changes at the airport.

At the same time, the arrival of low-cost carrier JetBlue Airways at Long Beach Airport in 2001, and that airline's decision to establish a West Coast hub at LGB, has substantially increased the air traffic to the airport and has cemented LGB's standing as a viable alternative to LAX for flights from the Los Angeles area to major East Coast cities. While JetBlue used the local noise ordinance to turn Long Beach Airport into a miniature fortress hub, it quickly reached maximum capacity and has since been forced to rework flight schedules and direct future growth to other Los Angeles area airports. JetBlue calls LGB a Focus city and now operates 31 of the 41 slots.

Air cargo carriers, including FedEx and UPS, also maintain operations out of LGB. 57,000 tons of goods are transported each year.

The Boeing Company (formerly McDonnell Douglas) maintains production of the C-17 military transport jet; maintenance facilities for other Boeing and McDonnell Douglas/Douglas aircraft (including the historic DC-9 and DC-10 aircraft) are also found at Long Beach Airport. Gulfstream Aerospace also has a completion/service center at the airport.

Although commercial flights are severely restricted, there are still a large number of flights at the airport from charter flights, private aviation, flight schools, law enforcement flights, helicopters, advertising blimps, planes towing advertising banners, etc. Because of that, Long Beach airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in the world, with 398,433 aircraft movements in 2007.[6]

Long Beach Airport has a single terminal. It is notable for its Streamline Moderne style of architecture and is a historical landmark. Because of the age and limited size of the current terminal, changes—including a possible addition—are currently on-going.

The pastureland at Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area is burned in 3-6 acre sections to minimize smoke impacts on the local community and on Highway 38.

Megan Harper, BLM

#DidYouKnow that controlled fire can actually improve habitat for some #Oregon wildlife? 🔥

Once a year, our fire teams perform a prescribed burn at the Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area. This helps improve forage for the herd of 100 Roosevelt Elk who call the area home.

This year, firefighters from BLM and Diamond Fire successfully burned over 100 acres of pastureland. Afterwards, a small crew remained onsite to ensure the fire was completely out.

Around 150 visitors stopped by the Elk Viewing Area over the two day burn to learn about the operation and ask after the elk.

It usually takes about a week for the green grass to sprout through the blackened hay, creating a new, delectable buffet for the elk!

A test to show how a polarizer can be used to minimize or even maximize reflections off of a surface.

The first picture is with no polarizer.

The second one has the polarizer aligned to allow the maximum amount of polarized light from the reflection through. The exposure time is 1.5 stops longer to equalize the overall exposure, since much of the light of the rest of the picture is now blocked.

Finally we have the image with the polarizer turned about 90 degrees to block the reflected light. Again I had to extend the exposure time by 1.5 stops to account for all the light I blocked.

Even before the Korean War broke out in 1950, the US Air Force had been planning for a jet-powered replacement of the B-26 Marauder and A-26 Invader. Korea only exacerbated the need for a new aircraft, and the USAF issued a requirement for a new tactical bomber in late 1950, with the stipulation that it had to be based on an existing design to minimize production delays.

Three American designs were considered—the North American AJ-1 Savage and B-45 Tornado, and the completely new Martin XB-51—but so pressing was the need that the USAF included, in a rare move, foreign aircraft as well—a modified Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, and the English Electric Canberra B.2. The Canberra, to the surprise of everyone involved, won the competition easily. The USAF did have misgivings about the design, especially the fact that the bombardier sat behind the canopy, completely enclosed in the fuselage, but its performance was what won the competition: the Canberra had been designed to replace the deHavilland Mosquito and had the speed and maneuverability to match. The problem was, English Electric was a small startup company and could barely supply the British Royal Air Force with its Canberras, let alone the much larger USAF. To solve the problem, Martin Aircraft was awarded a contract to build the Canberra as the B-57.

Though the initial batch of B-57As were basically identical to the Canberra B.2, aside from upgraded engines and the deletion of the navigator station, the B-57B was to be fundamentally different and more in line of what the USAF intended. The B-57B had a completely redesigned forward fuselage, eliminating the clear navigator nose and wide side-by-side seating of the Canberra B.2, and replacing it with tandem seating, with the bombardier/navigator sitting behind the pilot. The Canberra B.2 had been unarmed, but the B-57B could either carry eight machine guns or four 20mm cannon in an underfuselage tray. The internal bomb bay of the Canberra was replaced with a rotary-type developed for the XB-51, which would rotate to expose the bomb load on the target run, enhancing the aerodynamics of the aircraft. USAF B-57Bs entered service in June 1954, replacing the A-26 in the night attack role.

Soon after it entered service, however, the USAF began to question its new bomber’s capabilities. The Canberra had been fast enough when it was designed in the late 1940s, but technology had moved so quickly that it was now vulnerable to surface-to-air missiles, proven when two RB-57As were lost over mainland China in 1957. The B-57 also had to be flown by strong pilots—the South Vietnamese had quickly returned four B-57Bs to the USAF because they simply were not muscular enough to fly it—and if one engine flamed out, the Canberra would inevitably crash. With all this in mind, the USAF resolved to replace the B-57 in tactical bomber units with F-100 Super Sabres and delete the entire night interdiction role, though the Vietnam War was to temporarily intervene.

Since the Canberra was a stable platform with good aerodynamics, it was well suited for the target-towing role, and Martin subsequently built 68 B-57Es. These were identical to the B-57B, but lacked armament, with target-towing equipment carried in the former bomb bay. The bomb bay was also armored (in case a towing cable should break, which would potentially slice the aircraft in half), and the controls boosted to make the E easier to fly. As missiles replaced rockets and guns in USAF service, however, the B-57E found itself without a mission. The surviving aircraft were then converted to EB-57Es, with all target-towing equipment deleted and replaced with ECM equipment. The job of the EB-57E was to test USAF radar sites and act as electronic aggressors, simulating Soviet bomber attacks. Initially assigned to Air Defense Command, these EB-57s were passed on to the Vermont ANG before being retired in 1982. Of the 50 or so EB-57s in service, six remain today in museums.

As part of Dad's desire to build aircraft from every unit he served with, he converted a B-57B kit to an EB-57. He never quite finished it: it languished on the shelf for many years, and never got tail numbers. This Canberra served with the 4677th Defense System Evaluation Squadron, which was later redesignated the 17th DSES, at Malmstrom AFB from 1972 until the aircraft were passed onto the Vermont ANG in 1979. Like all EB-57s, it is painted overall Air Defense Gray with international orange recognition panels.

PRODUCT INFORMATION IN DETAIL

Features:

Hold your Smartphone horizontally on your belt in this beautiful Wigan Horizontal Case!

Horizontal design minimizes the common problem of cases accidentally drop-off your belt while you sit.

Manufactured by premium leather combined together with detailed nylon weaving and accented with precious metal.

Contrasting the outer ebony shell is a smooth tan interior, making this case sophisticated and chic.

Easy of use – will take only seconds to keep your device in and take it out.

Surrounds your precious screen from any scratches and dust.

Magnetic clasp closure keeps the phone protected inside the case.

The case comes with fixed 360 degree swiveling; leather wrapped metal clip attaches easily to belts or straps.

The belt clip provides you with a vertical or a horizontal placement for your convenience.

Specifications:

Case Type: Vertical Case.

Model: Wigan Collection.

Fixed 360 degree swivel belt clip.

Premium Leather + Nylon weaving.

Dimension: 130 x 63.5 x 20 mm.

Size: Xtra2 Large.

Face: Enclosed.

Magnetic closure.

Manufacturer: Amzer.

Price: $19.95

Check Nokia Lumia 920 Cases on www.fommy.com/accessories.php?make=Nokia&model=Nokia+...

The Postcard

A postally unused carte postale that was published by A. Guéquière of Estaires. The card, which has a divided back, was printed by R. Pruvost of 159, Rue Montmartre, Paris.

The image provides a view of massive artillery damage to the Église de St.-Vaast in Laventie.

Sometimes enemy gunners used to take potshots at churches and cathedrals out of sheer boredom, although the main reason for targeting them was to reduce their height in order to minimize their value as observation posts.

Shells aimed at churches which just missed their target tended to fall in the churchyards, throwing up gravestones, coffins and corpses.

The church was reconstructed after the Great War.

Visé Paris No. 6

The card bears the imprimatur 'Visé Paris' followed by a unique reference number. This means that the image was inspected and deemed by the military authorities in the French capital not to be a security risk.

'Visé Paris' indicates that the card was published during or soon after the Great War.

Edward Wyndham Tennant

The church features in a poem written in March 1916 by an English aristocrat named Edward Wyndham Tennant (1897-1916), the first part of which is as follows:

'Green gardens in Laventie!

Soldiers only know the street

Where mud is churned and splashed about

By battle-wending feet;

And yet beside one stricken house there is

a glimpse of grass.

Look for it when you pass.

Beyond the church whose pitted spire

Seems balanced on a strand

Of swaying stone and tottering brick

Two roofless ruins stand'.

Two days before he died aged 19, 'Bim', as Tennant was known, wrote the following to his mother Lady Glenconner:

'Tonight we go up to the trenches

we were in, and tomorrow or the

next day we go over the top ...

I am full of hope and trust, and I

pray that I may be worthy of my

fighting ancestors'.

Bim must have suspected that he was about to die, because towards the end of this, his last letter to his mother, he wrote:

"Your love for me and my love

for you, have made my whole

life one of the happiest there

has ever been.

Brutus' farewell to Cassius

sounds in my heart: 'If not

farewell, and if we meet again,

we shall smile'.

Now all my blessings go with

you, and with all we love.

God bless you and give you

peace.

Eternal love from Bim".

Such maturity for a man/boy still in his teens who was writing in the middle of a war zone.

The Death of Edward Tennant

Bim's foreboding was unfortunately fulfilled, because he was killed by a German sniper on the Somme on the 22nd. September 1916.

He was buried in the Guillemont Road Cemetery near his friend Raymond Asquith, who had been killed a week before.

The inscription on Edward's gravestone reads:

'Killed in Action in his

Twentieth Year'.

A memorial to Tennant, sculpted by Allan G. Wyon, was erected in Salisbury Cathedral. There are two inscriptions on the memorial, one above the low-relief portrait of Tennant, and one below. The upper inscription reads:

'When things were at their worst he would

go up and down in the trenches cheering

the men, when danger was greatest his

smile was loveliest.'

The inscription below the portrait has the following wording:

'In proud and unfading memory of Edward

Wyndham Tennant, 4th Batt. Grenadier Guards,

eldest son of Lord and Lady Glenconner, who

passed to the fuller life in the Battle of the Somme

22nd September 1916 Aged 19 years.

He gave his earthly life to such matter as he set

great store by: the honour of his country and his

home.

Laventie

Laventie is in the Pas de Calais, and is 10 miles northeast of Béthune and 12 miles west of Lille. In the Great War it was located on the La Bassée front, and was occupied by the Germans in 1918.

Nearby is the Laventie Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery which holds the grave of Captain George McElroy, a leading ace fighter pilot of the Royal Flying Corps who was killed in action in 1918.

Abba Eban

"History teaches us that men and nations

behave wisely when they have exhausted

all other alternatives".

This was said during a speech in London UK on the 16th. December 1970 by Abba Eban (1915-2002), an Israeli diplomat and writer.

The Use of Artillery in the Great War

Artillery was very heavily used by both sides during the Great War. The British fired over 170 million artillery rounds of all types, weighing more than 5 million tons - that's an average of around 70 pounds (32 kilos) per shell.

If the 170m rounds were on average two feet long, and if they were laid end to end, they would stretch for 64,394 miles (103,632 kilometres); the line would go round the equator over two and a half times. If the artillery of the Central Powers of Germany and its allies is factored in, the figure can be doubled to 5 encirclements of the planet.

During the first two weeks of the Third Battle of Ypres, over 4 million rounds were fired at a cost of over £22,000,000 - a huge sum of money, especially over a century ago.

Artillery was the killer and maimer of the war of attrition.

According to Dennis Winter's book 'Death's Men' three quarters of battle casualties were caused by artillery rounds. According to John Keegan ('The Face of Battle') casualties were:

- Bayonets - less than 1%

- Bullets - 30%

- Artillery and Bombs - 70%

Keegan suggests however that the ratio changed during advances, when massed men walking line-abreast with little protection across no-man's land were no match for for rifles and fortified machine gun emplacements.

Many artillery shells fired during the Great War failed to explode. Drake Goodman provides the following information on Flickr:

"During World War I, an estimated one tonne of explosives was fired for every square metre of territory on the Western front. As many as one in every three shells fired did not detonate. In the Ypres Salient alone, an estimated 300 million projectiles that the British and the German forces fired at each other were "duds", and most of them have not been recovered."

To this day, large quantities of Great War matériel are discovered on a regular basis. Many shells from the Great War were left buried in the mud, and often come to the surface during ploughing and land development.

For example, on the Somme battlefields in 2009 there were 1,025 interventions, unearthing over 6,000 pieces of ammunition weighing 44 tons.

Artillery shells may or may not still be live with explosive or gas, so the bomb disposal squad, of the Civilian Security of the Somme, dispose of them.

A huge mine under the German lines did not explode during the battle of Messines in 1917. The mine, containing several tons of ammonal and gun cotton, was triggered by lightning in 1955, creating an enormous crater.

The precise location of a second mine which also did not explode is unknown. Searches for it are not planned, as they would be too expensive and dangerous. For more on this, please search for "Cotehele Chapel"

The Somme Times

From 'The Somme Times', Monday, 31 July, 1916:

'There was a young girl of the Somme,

Who sat on a number five bomb,

She thought 'twas a dud 'un,

But it went off sudden -

Her exit she made with aplomb!'

The German Me 163, a rocket-powered defensive fighter, was one of the most unusual aircraft of World War II. Fortunately, its potential impact was minimized by technical problems and the small number produced.

The Me 163 was the end result of a long line of tailless research aircraft designed by Dr. Alexander Lippisch. The first Me 163A prototypes were tested in 1941, but powered flight testing of the more advanced Me 163B was delayed until August 1943 due to engine and fuel problems. Although the Komet's rocket engine gave it a exceptional climb rate, range was severely limited by its high fuel consumption. Furthermore, the fuels used were extremely hazardous and sometimes exploded without warning, killing a number of pilots.

Production Me 163Bs were not ready for operational use until July 1944. The Luftwaffe planned to have small units of Komets dispersed to intercept Allied bomber formations, but only 279 Me 163Bs were delivered by the end of the war. The sole operational Komet group, JG 400, scored nine kills while losing 14 of its own aircraft.

This Me 163B (S/N 191095) may have been sabotaged while under construction, perhaps by the forced laborers building it in Germany. A small stone was wedged between the fuselage fuel tank and a supporting strap (which could have eventually caused a dangerous fuel leak), and there was contaminated glue in the wing structure (which could have caused a failure of the wing in flight).

Inside the aircraft's skin are these words, perhaps written by a defiant French laborer: "Manufacture Ferme" means "Plant Closed." "Mon coeur est en chomage" translated directly means "My heart is not occupied" (as opposed to France being occupied by the Germans).

The aircraft on display was owned and restored by the Canadian National Aviation Museum and acquired by the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in 1999.

TECHNICAL NOTES:

Armament: Two 30 mm MK 108 cannons

Engine: Walter HWK 509A-2 rocket with 3,748 lbs. thrust

Maximum speed: 596 mph

Initial climb rate: 16,000 ft. per minute

Combat range: about 50 miles

Ceiling: 39,500 ft.

Maximum powered endurance: 7.5 minutes

Span: 30 ft. 7 1/3 in.

Length: 19 ft. 2 1/3 in.

Height: 9 ft. 2/3 in. (on takeoff dolly)

KAHUKU, Hawaii — U.S. Army Garrison-Hawaii wildland firefighters performed a controlled burn over 11 acres of dry brush, Sept. 13, at the James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, on North Oahu. A controlled burn is when a fire is intentionally set for forest management, farming and land restoration. In some cases, a prescribed burn can minimize damage from possible future wildfires. In this case, the burn is intended to renew the nesting grounds for endangered native Hawaiian wetland birds. Firefighters stayed after the blaze was extinguished to ensure that there were no remaining hotspots on the refuge. Read more about Army Wildland firefighters at www.hawaiiarmyweekly.com/news/2010/11/10/armys-wildland-f... ( www.hawaiiarmyweekly.com/news/2010/11/10/armys-wildland-f... ) .

I was honestly quite horrified when I approached the ATM at my bank to withdraw some cash and was presented with a full Windows XP desktop with several programs running in minimized terminal-windows.

Windows XP in an ATM?! Are you fucking kidding me?!

The BX MK1 are quite rare in the Netherlands, specialy with original Dutch license numbers. It is recognizable to the small orange front indicators.

Designed by Nuccio Bertone (1982).

1360cc,

870 kgs.

The chances you would find old or special cars in this area are minimized: at the time of this picture it was still free to park here. Now these days are gone...

Amsterdam-N., Meeuwenlaan, Sept. 19, 2013.

All transparency is controlled with Powermenu. Wallpaper is from Desktopography

As usual, thanks to Kaelri for Enigma 2.0 and for inspiration on my Firefox browser.

When you minimize your web browser, Clementine is scandalized by your surfing habits.

New release from PAULIINA:

Tiila – Loose fitting crop top with rose pattern (4 colours via HUD)

14 sized included: Altamura / Belleza Freya + Isis / eBODY Classic + Curvy / Legacy + Perky / Maitreya Lara + Petite / Slink Hourglass + Physique / Tonic Curvy + Fine + Minimizer

This and other new items at Pauliina’s store ARC OF LIGHT (149,211,22) or Marketplace

This and other new items at Pauliina’s store ARC OF LIGHT (149,211,22) or Marketplace marketplace.secondlife.com/p/Tiila-crop-top-by-PAULIINA/2...

The variacs wired in parallel on top. Ballast inside to minimize the current. 150 amp controller. 240 volts.

www.danobriennissan.com/

95 Drum Hill Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824

978-746-2570

00:00 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Intro

00:10 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Charging & Range

00:45 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Charging Port

01:20 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Entertainment Technology

02:51 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Safety

04:40 - Nissan Leaf SL Plus Seating & Storage

Hello, I’m David Whittaker with Dan O'Brien Nissan in Chelmsford and today we're going to take a look at the Nissan Leaf SL Plus.

For those that don't know the Nissan Leaf is a fully electric car and I thought you'd like to see under the hood. This is a virtually maintenance free vehicle the only thing you'll have to do is put windshield wiper fluid in and drive.

Now I’d like to show you how you charge the Nissan Leaf. The Nissan Leaf has two different charging ports, a quick charge port and a trickle charge port. Quick charge port you can use at any Nissan dealership and charge your car for free. Trickle charge you can plug into your home wall at night while you're sleeping so you always have a charged vehicle when you need it.

One of the big concerns with electric vehicles is the range with Nissan Leaf it's not a concern. We get 226 miles which equates to about a tank of gas or a week's worth of commuting besides you can pull into any Nissan dealership and anytime and charge your vehicle for free.

The 2020 Nissan Leaf SL Plus comes with a great entertainment system. You get a full 8 inch touchscreen display a Bose sound system with integrated Apple Carplay and Android Auto. Let me show you how easy it is to hook up it's as simple as plugging in the USB cable and then plug the cable into your phone and then a little symbol pops up and you press it and you're ready to go. Most of the key apps you're going to use are compatible with the Nissan connects Android Auto and Apple Carplay system.

If you’re going to use it for commuting you have waze or google maps, for music you have Spotify, Pandora, iheart radio. Just to name a few it's a very simple system to use. This way you can have access to your phone hands-free. One of the most common questions is what's up with the shift or not very funky design to the left is neutral to the left and forward is reverse and to the left and back is drive in the park. You just push the silver button in the middle you also have an eco-button, which will extends the range of your vehicle and the e-pedal which makes it so you only need to use the drive pedal in order to drive and stop the vehicle.

So for safety purposes because the electric motor doesn't make any noise Nissan has incorporated sound when the vehicle is in motion at low speeds in drive it sounds like this, and in reverse it sounds like this. The Nissan Leaf has a 360-safety shield in the front you have radar and sonar in the v-motion grille which helps with the forward collision prevention.

If the vehicle senses you're going to have a forward collision it will actually slow you down to minimize impact. As well as it has pedestrian detection which will actually stop the car if it senses a pedestrian in your lane of travel and right here is actually a camera that helps with your lane assist as long as there are marked visible lanes. It will keep you in your lane of travel. So, when you're driving on the highway you turn your lane assist on the car will actually keep you centered in the lane and you will actually follow along gradual turns.

One of the most common questions is what are these dots well those are the sonar sensors that aide in the cross traffic detection as well as your rear emergency braking the vehicle will detect if there's a stationary object behind you and will actually stop the car so that you do not make impact. You also have rear view camera right above the license plate, so you get a great view as you're backing up.

For a compact car the Nissan Leaf is actually surprisingly roomy. You can fit a family of five in it comfortably and there's enough room for a grown adult to sit in the back seat. It also has a 60/40 split. Let me show you that so you could actually go to the to the hardware store and pick up merchandise and have three people with you it's actually quite amazing how much space is actually in the cargo area. It's surprisingly roomy there's plenty of room in here to store whatever you need and you also have a privacy lid so when you close it and pocket nobody knows what you've put in your trunk and with the 60 side folded down there's a tremendous amount of space and it's not just space it's comfort with the zero gravity seats with the leatherette trim and the nice blue contrast stitching is riding in style and you have the eight-way adjustable driver's seat with lumbar support

Thank you for watching my demonstration. If you liked what you saw come on down to Dan O’Brien Nissan in Chelmsford mass 95 Drum Hill Road, ask for Dave Whittaker and I’ll get you the lowest monthly price possible.

Taken from my back yard on a tripod-mounted Canon PowerShot S5IS. I had to scale the 3 images in the panorama down to minimize the star movement over the 2 minute exposures, but it is still fairly evident. I must figure out someday how to take shorter exposures and stack them. Planetary and lunar image stacking seems a lot easier than this!

View On Black

Minimize your diving failure points: wp.me/ptVor-1yM

The Elevate range by Joseph Joseph has been specifically designed to improve hygiene and minimize the mess made by placing utensils onto kitchen surfaces during use. Each tool has an innovative, weighted handle with an integrated tool rest to ensure that when a product is placed down, its head or blade is raised above the work surface. The blades are made from ice-hardened German stainless steel and strengthened with vanadium for extra durability.

Shop here!

www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00KTXW0DI

Get connected with us!

FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/mtbakermercantile

TWITTER: twitter.com/MtBakerMerchant

PINTEREST: www.pinterest.com/mtbakerseattle/

Long Beach Airport has very little passenger service compared with the dominant Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) approximately 18 miles (29 km) to the northwest, and will always remain a relatively small airport because of restrictive ordinances adopted to minimize noise in the residential neighborhoods near LGB. The airport is under one of the strictest ordinances in the United States on both airport noise and the number of commercial flights. The current noise levels allow for 41 daily commercial flights and 25 commuter flights. Local community groups and activists are very vocal about any changes at the airport.

At the same time, the arrival of low-cost carrier JetBlue Airways at Long Beach Airport in 2001, and that airline's decision to establish a West Coast hub at LGB, has substantially increased the air traffic to the airport and has cemented LGB's standing as a viable alternative to LAX for flights from the Los Angeles area to major East Coast cities. While JetBlue used the local noise ordinance to turn Long Beach Airport into a miniature fortress hub, it quickly reached maximum capacity and has since been forced to rework flight schedules and direct future growth to other Los Angeles area airports. JetBlue calls LGB a Focus city and now operates 31 of the 41 slots.

Air cargo carriers, including FedEx and UPS, also maintain operations out of LGB. 57,000 tons of goods are transported each year.

The Boeing Company (formerly McDonnell Douglas) maintains production of the C-17 military transport jet; maintenance facilities for other Boeing and McDonnell Douglas/Douglas aircraft (including the historic DC-9 and DC-10 aircraft) are also found at Long Beach Airport. Gulfstream Aerospace also has a completion/service center at the airport.

Although commercial flights are severely restricted, there are still a large number of flights at the airport from charter flights, private aviation, flight schools, law enforcement flights, helicopters, advertising blimps, planes towing advertising banners, etc. Because of that, Long Beach airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in the world, with 398,433 aircraft movements in 2007.[6]

Long Beach Airport has a single terminal. It is notable for its Streamline Moderne style of architecture and is a historical landmark. Because of the age and limited size of the current terminal, changes—including a possible addition—are currently on-going.

Pyganodon grandis

State Listed as Threatened in Vermont

The giant floater is a species of freshwater bivalve mollusk with a smooth, yellow shell that is about 5-6 inches wide. As the mussel grows in age, it becomes a dark green/brown and each year rings are formed on their shell from the new colorization. The giant floater is native to the United States and can be found in rivers, streams, and permanent pools along the eastern regions of the U.S. Like most mussels, the floater likes to spend most of its adult life in soft sediment, silt, or sand. During breeding season, the males release their sperm into the water, where the female filters it and fertilize her eggs. Once the eggs have grown into glochidia, the female releases them into the water and they must find a host fish to transport them to a new location. The host fish of the giant floaters include carp, bullheads, golden shiners, centrarchids, and yellow perch. The larvae attach to the gills of the host fish and feed off their blood and organic matter that filters through the gills.

Due to the fact that mussels cannot move easily and rely on a host to transfer them to a new location, it can be very hard to rebuild an area that has lost a large number of mussels. Mussels can anchor themselves to the stream beds which minimizes the effects of floods and other water mechanisms. Known as “nature’s vacuums,” mussels are important to ecosystems as they work to clean the water. Without them, fresh waters would be dirty and warmer, which would result in a uncontrollable growth of algae and reduced numbers of aquatic species. The giant floater mussels have declined in recent years due to loss of habitat and pollution to their sediment soil. Since adult mussels feed from the sediment, when the soils are polluted, the species consumes those chemicals at a high rate and it can be fatal. Damming, dredging, invasive species, toxic runoff—it has all taken a toll on the lowly mussel. Across the United States, despite protection for at least 70 mussels under the Endangered Species Act, many species have not been seen for years. Another 180 species are identified as imperiled or vulnerable, making freshwater mussels one of the most endangered groups of animals in North America. The environmental group the Defenders of wildlife are actively working to save mussels in North America.

The Endangered Species Project: New England

Exhibition Dates: February 4 - April 14, 2019

Public Lecture and Closing Reception with the Artist: Saturday, April 13

Gallery Hours: M-F 10am - 8pm; Weekends 10am-5pm

Gallery 224 at the Ceramics Program, Office for the Arts at Harvard

224 Western Ave, Allston, Massachusetts 02134

Gallery 224 at the Ceramics Program, Office for the Arts at Harvard is pleased to present an exhibition of work from Montana-based potter Julia Galloway's most recent body of work, The Endangered Species Project: New England. Galloway works from each state's official list of species identified as endangered, threatened or extinct. She has created a series of covered jars, one urn for each species, illustrating the smallest Agassiz Clam Shrimp to the largest Eastern Elk.

Read more about this exhibition here:

ofa.fas.harvard.edu/ceramics/gallery224/endangered-specie...

My video of the aircraft startup and taxi test is available on YouTube here:

youtu.be/8t-5kYdZEcQ

From Wikipedia:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros

The Aero L-39 Albatros is a high-performance jet trainer developed in Czechoslovakia by Aero Vodochody. It was designed during the 1960s as a replacement for the Aero L-29 Delfín as a principal training aircraft. It was the first trainer aircraft to be equipped with a turbofan powerplant. The type was exported to a wide range of countries as a military trainer.

The L-39 Albatros later served as the basis for the updated L-59 Super Albatros, as well as the L-139 (prototype L-39 with Garrett TFE731 engine). A further development of the design, designated as the L-159 ALCA, entered production in 1997. To date, more than 2,800 L-39s have served with over 30 air forces around the world. The Albatros is the most widely used jet trainer in the world; in addition to performing basic and advanced pilot training, it has also flown combat missions in a light-attack role. The design never received a NATO reporting name.

At the Farnborough Airshow in July 2014, Aero Vodochody announced the launch of the L-39NG, an upgraded and modernised version of the L-39.

The L-39 Albatros was designed to be a cost-effective jet-powered trainer aircraft, which is also capable of performing ground attack missions. For operational flexibility, simplicity, and affordability, the majority of onboard systems have been simplified to avoid incurring high levels of maintenance, as well as to minimize damage caused by mishandling when flown by inexperienced air crew. It could be readily flown from austere airstrips such as frozen lakebeds, enabled through the rugged design of the landing gear and favourable low landing speeds. The aircraft's flying qualities are reportedly simple, which is made easier by way of a rapid throttle response, making it easier for students who had never previously flown a jet aircraft before to successfully control. As a training platform, the L-39 itself comprised part of a comprehensive system which also used flight simulators and mobile ground test equipment.

The low-set, straight wing has a double-taper planform, 2½-deg dihedral from the roots, a relatively low aspect ratio, and 100 litres (26 US gal; 22 imp gal) fuel tanks permanently attached to the wingtips. The trailing edge has double-slotted trailing edge flaps inboard of mass-balanced ailerons; the flaps are separated from the ailerons by small wing fences. An automatic trimming system was present, the flaps and the trim system being connected in order to counteract the potentially large pitch changes that would otherwise be generated by vigorous movements of the flaps. The tall, swept vertical tail has an inset rudder. Variable-incidence horizontal stabilizers with inset elevators are mounted at the base of the rudder and over the exhaust nozzle. Side-by-side airbrakes are located under the fuselage ahead of the wing's leading edge. The flaps, landing gear, wheel brakes and air brakes are powered by a hydraulic system. Controls are pushrod-actuated and have electrically powered servo tabs on the ailerons and rudder. Operational g-force limits at 4,200 kilograms (9,300 lb) are +8/-4 g.

A long, pointed nose leads back to the tandem cockpit, in which the student and instructor sit on Czech-built VS-1 ejection seats under individual canopies, which are opened manually and are hinged on the right. The rear seat, typically used by the instructor, is elevated slightly to readily enable observation and guidance of the student's actions in the forward position. The design of the cockpit, panel layout and many of its fittings resemble or are identical in function to those of other commonly-used Soviet aircraft; for example, the procedure for deploying the ejection seat is exactly the same as for the Mikoyan MiG-29. The cockpit is highly pressurized, requiring the air crew to wear oxygen masks only when flying in excess of 23,000 feet. A gyro gunsight for weapon-aiming purposes is typically present in the forward position only.

A single turbofan engine, an Ivchenko AI-25TL (made in the Soviet Union) is positioned in the rear fuselage, fed through shoulder-mounted, semi-circular air intakes (fitted with splitter plates) just behind the cockpit and the tailpipe below the horizontal tailplane. The engine has a time between overhaul (TBO) of 1,000 flight hours; however, it is allegedly cheaper than the majority of turbine engines to overhaul. Five rubber bag fuel tanks are located in the fuselage behind the cockpit. Several heavy radio units are typically installed in an aft avionics bay; these are often removed on civilian-operated aircraft and replaced with a 70-gallon fuel tank. Additional fuel tanks can be fitted in the rear cockpit position and externally underneath the wings; the tip-tanks can also be expanded for a greater fuel capacity.

The aircraft is fitted with a hydraulically-actuated retractable nosewheel undercarriage which is designed to allow operation from grass airfields. The main landing gear legs retract inward into wing bays while the nose gear retracts forward. The basic L-39C trainer has provision for two underwing pylons for drop tanks or practice weapons, but these are not usually fitted. It can be armed with a pair of K-13 missiles to provide a basic air defense capability. Light-attack variants have four underwing hardpoints for ground attack stores, while the ZA variant also has an underfuselage gun pod. Mock UB-16 rocket pods can also be installed for visual appearance only.

Photo by Eric Friedebach

A bit of interesting information I garnished off the net on these guys who seem to be everywhere this year :) Great to watch if you have the time.

The legs of orb-weaver spiders are specialized for spinning orb webs. The webs are built by the larger females who hang head down in the center of the web or remain hidden in nearby foliage, with one claw hooked to a signal line connected to the main orb waiting for a disturbance to signal the arrival of prey. Prey is then quickly bitten and wrapped in silk before being stored for later consumption. The initial bite serves to paralyze the prey and minimize the danger of the spider herself being stung or bitten, and the enzymes thus injected serve to begin liquefaction of the prey's internal structures.

A. diadematus is a reclusive creature and only bites humans if cornered or otherwise provoked. The bite is not unlike a mild bee sting

Snow clearing.

Approximately 15 Coconino National Forest employees from the Flagstaff Ranger District and Supervisor's Office met on a chilly morning in early December to pitch in on a project located within Mexican spotted owl (MSO) habitat. Protected areas like this one, officially called "Protected Activity Centers" (or PACs), are areas across the forest where breeding Mexican spotted owls engage in their core activities, including nesting, roosting, and foraging.

The day's project work was held at the Mayflower PAC not far from Mormon Lake, a corridor renowned for its incredible wildlife populations, including elk, bald eagles, mule deer, black bears, and goshawks. A portion of the MSO PAC had been hand-thinned with chainsaws in October 2017. In accordance with the treatment prescription, the thinned trees and branches had been scattered across the landscape so that later prescribed burn operations would return nutrients from the cut trees back to the soil. However, upon review by fire experts, it was determined the combination of existing dead and down trees (mainly from bark beetle die-off) and the thinned trees left too much fuel on the ground to safely burn in a small, six acre patch of the treated area.

Led by silviculturist Mark Nabel, the employees set out to hand pile the newly cut trees and branches. They created piles seven to eight feet high, which will be allowed to settle and dry for at least a year before being burned individually. Once the piles are burned, the rest of the area can be safely treated with prescribed fire. The stands treated within this PAC are dominated by ponderosa pine, but also feature a lot of oak trees, an important tree species for the Mexican spotted owl. While some live tree losses are normally expected and desirable during a prescribed burn, managers want to take care to minimize the loss of oaks, particularly larger oaks, within the MSO PAC.

Employee work days are special events open to all employees who work for the Forest. These events give project managers the opportunity to get a lot of people out to help with light to moderate manual labor, like hand piling cut wood, building fences, naturalizing illegal roads, and similar tasks. The employees get the benefits of working directly with fellow employees from other programs and Districts, contributing to important stewardship projects, learning about other jobs in the forest, and taking a break from their normal work to spend some time outdoors.

This project area is part of the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI). Visit the 4FRI website at www.4fri.org for more information about this important restoration effort. Photo taken December 6, 2017 by Deborah Lee Soltesz. Credit U.S. Forest Service Coconino National Forest.

The Postcard

A view of massive artillery damage to the Église de St.-Vaast in Laventie on a postally unused postcard that was printed and published by A. Guéquière of Estaires.

Sometimes enemy gunners used to take potshots at churches and cathedrals out of sheer boredom, although the main reason for targeting them was to reduce their height in order to minimize their value as observation posts.

Shells aimed at churches which just missed their target tended to fall in the churchyards, throwing up gravestones, coffins and corpses.

The church was reconstructed after the Great War.

Visé Paris No. 1

The card bears the imprimatur 'Visé Paris' followed by a unique reference number. This means that the image was inspected and deemed by the military authorities in the French capital not to be a security risk.

'Visé Paris' indicates that the card was published during or soon after the Great War.

Edward Wyndham Tennant

The church features in a poem written in March 1916 by an English aristocrat named Edward Wyndham Tennant (1897-1916), the first part of which is as follows:

'Green gardens in Laventie!

Soldiers only know the street

Where mud is churned and splashed about

By battle-wending feet;

And yet beside one stricken house there is

a glimpse of grass.

Look for it when you pass.

Beyond the church whose pitted spire

Seems balanced on a strand

Of swaying stone and tottering brick

Two roofless ruins stand'.

Two days before he died aged 19, 'Bim', as Tennant was known, wrote the following to his mother Lady Glenconner:

'Tonight we go up to the trenches

we were in, and tomorrow or the

next day we go over the top ...

I am full of hope and trust, and I

pray that I may be worthy of my

fighting ancestors'.

Bim must have suspected that he was about to die, because towards the end of this, his last letter to his mother, he wrote:

"Your love for me and my love

for you, have made my whole

life one of the happiest there

has ever been.

Brutus' farewell to Cassius

sounds in my heart: 'If not

farewell, and if we meet again,

we shall smile'.

Now all my blessings go with

you, and with all we love.

God bless you and give you

peace.

Eternal love from Bim".

Such maturity for a man/boy still in his teens who was writing in the middle of a war zone.

The Death of Edward Tennant

Bim's foreboding was unfortunately fulfilled, because he was killed by a German sniper on the Somme on the 22nd. September 1916.

He was buried in the Guillemont Road Cemetery near his friend Raymond Asquith, who had been killed a week before.

The inscription on Edward's gravestone reads:

'Killed in Action in his

Twentieth Year'.

A memorial to Tennant, sculpted by Allan G. Wyon, was erected in Salisbury Cathedral. There are two inscriptions on the memorial, one above the low-relief portrait of Tennant, and one below. The upper inscription reads:

'When things were at their worst he would

go up and down in the trenches cheering

the men, when danger was greatest his

smile was loveliest.'

The inscription below the portrait has the following wording:

'In proud and unfading memory of Edward

Wyndham Tennant, 4th Batt. Grenadier Guards,

eldest son of Lord and Lady Glenconner, who

passed to the fuller life in the Battle of the Somme

22nd September 1916 Aged 19 years.

He gave his earthly life to such matter as he set

great store by: the honour of his country and his

home.

Laventie

Laventie is in the Pas de Calais, and is 10 miles northeast of Béthune and 12 miles west of Lille. In the Great War it was located on the La Bassée front, and was occupied by the Germans in 1918.

Nearby is the Laventie Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery which holds the grave of Captain George McElroy, a leading ace fighter pilot of the Royal Flying Corps who was killed in action in 1918.

Abba Eban

"History teaches us that men and nations

behave wisely when they have exhausted

all other alternatives".

This was said during a speech in London UK on the 16th. December 1970 by Abba Eban (1915-2002), an Israeli diplomat and writer.

The Use of Artillery in the Great War

Artillery was very heavily used by both sides during the Great War. The British fired over 170 million artillery rounds of all types, weighing more than 5 million tons - that's an average of around 70 pounds (32 kilos) per shell.

If the 170m rounds were on average two feet long, and if they were laid end to end, they would stretch for 64,394 miles (103,632 kilometres); the line would go round the equator over two and a half times. If the artillery of the Central Powers of Germany and its allies is factored in, the figure can be doubled to 5 encirclements of the planet.

During the first two weeks of the Third Battle of Ypres, over 4 million rounds were fired at a cost of over £22,000,000 - a huge sum of money, especially over a century ago.

Artillery was the killer and maimer of the war of attrition.

According to Dennis Winter's book 'Death's Men' three quarters of battle casualties were caused by artillery rounds. According to John Keegan ('The Face of Battle') casualties were:

- Bayonets - less than 1%

- Bullets - 30%

- Artillery and Bombs - 70%

Keegan suggests however that the ratio changed during advances, when massed men walking line-abreast with little protection across no-man's land were no match for for rifles and fortified machine gun emplacements.

Many artillery shells fired during the Great War failed to explode. Drake Goodman provides the following information on Flickr:

"During World War I, an estimated one tonne of explosives was fired for every square metre of territory on the Western front. As many as one in every three shells fired did not detonate. In the Ypres Salient alone, an estimated 300 million projectiles that the British and the German forces fired at each other were "duds", and most of them have not been recovered."

To this day, large quantities of Great War matériel are discovered on a regular basis. Many shells from the Great War were left buried in the mud, and often come to the surface during ploughing and land development.

For example, on the Somme battlefields in 2009 there were 1,025 interventions, unearthing over 6,000 pieces of ammunition weighing 44 tons.

Artillery shells may or may not still be live with explosive or gas, so the bomb disposal squad, of the Civilian Security of the Somme, dispose of them.

A huge mine under the German lines did not explode during the battle of Messines in 1917. The mine, containing several tons of ammonal and gun cotton, was triggered by lightning in 1955, creating an enormous crater.

The precise location of a second mine which also did not explode is unknown. Searches for it are not planned, as they would be too expensive and dangerous. For more on this, please search for "Cotehele Chapel"

The Somme Times

From 'The Somme Times', Monday, 31 July, 1916:

'There was a young girl of the Somme,

Who sat on a number five bomb,

She thought 'twas a dud 'un,

But it went off sudden -

Her exit she made with aplomb!'

Narrow streets and walks will be shaded by buildings that, though modern, copy the ancient design of an Arabic city, reducing the need for air conditioning. The city will be oriented northeast to minimize the amount of direct sunlight on buildings' sides and windows. Builders also envision using solar canopies that provide shade, as well as power.