View allAll Photos Tagged migration
During what is almost certainly the world's greatest wildlife spectacle thousands of wildebeest hurl themselves down a cliff-face into the Mara River. (In the 40 minutes that this frantic crossing took only 6 animals died).
Metempsychosis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Greek concept of the transmigration of the soul. For the general concept, see Reincarnation.
A section of Metempsychosis (1923) by Yokoyama Taikan; a drop of water from the vapours in the sky transforms into a mountain stream, which flows into a great river and on into the sea, whence rises a dragon (pictured) that turns back to vapour; National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (Important Cultural Property)[1]
Metempsychosis (Greek: μετεμψύχωσις) is a philosophical term in the Greek language referring to transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. Generally, the term is only used within the context of ancient Greek philosophy, but has also been used by modern philosophers such as Arthur Schopenhauer[2] and Kurt Gödel;[3] otherwise, the term "transmigration" is more appropriate. The word plays a prominent role in James Joyce's Ulysses and is also associated with Nietzsche.[4] Another term sometimes used synonymously is palingenesis.
Contents [hide]
1Europe before the pre-Socratic philosophers
2In Greek philosophy
3In literature after the classical era
4See also
5References
6External links
Europe before the pre-Socratic philosophers[edit]
It is unclear how the doctrine of metempsychosis arose in Greece. It is easiest to assume that earlier ideas which had never been extinguished were utilized for religious and philosophic purposes. The Orphic religion, which held it, first appeared in Thrace upon the semi-barbarous north-eastern frontier. Orpheus, its legendary founder, is said to have taught that soul and body are united by a compact unequally binding on either; the soul is divine, immortal and aspires to freedom, while the body holds it in fetters as a prisoner. Death dissolves this compact, but only to re-imprison the liberated soul after a short time: for the wheel of birth revolves inexorably. Thus the soul continues its journey, alternating between a separate unrestrained existence and fresh reincarnation, round the wide circle of necessity, as the companion of many bodies of men and animals." To these unfortunate prisoners Orpheus proclaims the message of liberation, that they stand in need of the grace of redeeming gods and of Dionysus in particular, and calls them to turn to God by ascetic piety of life and self-purification: the purer their lives the higher will be their next reincarnation, until the soul has completed the spiral ascent of destiny to live for ever as God from whom it comes. Such was the teaching of Orphism which appeared in Greece about the 6th century BC, organized itself into private and public mysteries at Eleusis and elsewhere, and produced a copious literature.[5][6][7]
In Greek philosophy[edit]
The earliest Greek thinker with whom metempsychosis is connected is Pherecydes of Syros;[8] but Pythagoras, who is said to have been his pupil, is its first famous philosophic exponent. Pythagoras is not believed to have invented the doctrine or to have imported it from Egypt. Instead he made his reputation by bringing the Orphic doctrine from North-Eastern Hellas to Magna Graecia, and creating societies for its diffusion.
The real weight and importance of metempsychosis in Western tradition is due to its adoption by Plato.[citation needed] In the eschatological myth which closes the Republic he tells the myth how Er, the son of Armenius, miraculously returned to life on the twelfth day after death and recounted the secrets of the other world. After death, he said, he went with others to the place of Judgment and saw the souls returning from heaven, and proceeded with them to a place where they chose new lives, human and animal. He saw the soul of Orpheus changing into a swan, Thamyras becoming a nightingale, musical birds choosing to be men, the soul of Atalanta choosing the honours of an athlete. Men were seen passing into animals and wild and tame animals changing into each other. After their choice the souls drank of Lethe and then shot away like stars to their birth. There are myths and theories to the same effect in other dialogues, the Phaedrus, Meno, Phaedo, Timaeus and Laws.[citation needed] In Plato's view the number of souls was fixed; birth therefore is never the creation of a soul, but only a transmigration from one body to another.[9] Plato's acceptance of the doctrine is characteristic of his sympathy with popular beliefs and desire to incorporate them in a purified form into his system.[citation needed] The extent of Plato's belief in metempsychosis has been debated by some scholars in modern times. Marsilio Ficino (Platonic Theology 17.3–4), for one, argued that Plato's references to metempsychosis were intended allegorically.
In later Greek literature the doctrine appears from time to time; it is mentioned in a fragment of Menander (the Inspired Woman) and satirized by Lucian (Gallus 18 seq.). In Roman literature it is found as early as Ennius,[10] who in his Calabrian home must have been familiar with the Greek teachings which had descended to his times from the cities of Magna Graecia. In a lost passage of his Annals, a Roman history in verse, Ennius told how he had seen Homer in a dream, who had assured him that the same soul which had animated both the poets had once belonged to a peacock. Persius in one of his satires (vi. 9) laughs at Ennius for this: it is referred to also by Lucretius (i. 124) and by Horace (Epist. II. i. 52). Virgil works the idea into his account of the Underworld in the sixth book of the Aeneid (vv. 724 sqq.). It persists in antiquity down to the latest classic thinkers, Plotinus and the other Neoplatonists.
In literature after the classical era[edit]
"Metempsychosis" is the title of a longer work by the metaphysical poet John Donne, written in 1601.[11] The poem, also known as the Infinitati Sacrum,[12] consists of two parts, the "Epistle" and "The Progress of the Soule". In the first line of the latter part, Donne writes that he "sing[s] of the progresse of a deathlesse soule".[12]
Metempsychosis is a prominent theme in Edgar Allan Poe's 1832 short story "Metzengerstein".[13] Poe returns to metempsychosis again in "Morella" (1835)[14] and "The Oval Portrait" (1842).[15]
Metempsychosis is referred to prominently in the concluding paragraph of Chapter 98, "Stowing Down and Clearing Up", of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
Herbert Giles uses the term metempsychosis in his translation of the butterfly dream from the Zhuangzi (Chinese: 《莊子》).[16] The use of this term is contested by Hans Georg Möller, though, who claims that a better translation is “the changing of things”.[17]
Metempsychosis is a recurring theme in James Joyce's modernist novel Ulysses (1922).[18] In Joycean fashion, the word famously appears in Leopold Bloom's inner monologue, recalling how his wife, Molly Bloom, apparently mispronounced it earlier that day as "met him pike hoses."[19]
In Thomas Pynchon's 1963 premiere novel V., metempsychosis is mentioned in reference to the book "The Search for Bridey Murphy" by Morey Bernstein, and also later in chapter eight.
Metempsychosis is referenced in Don DeLillo's 1982 novel The Names.
In David Foster Wallace's 1996 novel Infinite Jest, the name of the character Madame Psychosis is a pun that alludes to metempsychosis.
Guy de Maupassant's story "Le docteur Héraclius Gloss" (1875) is a fable about metempsychosis.
In Marcel Proust's famous first paragraph from In Search of Lost Time, the narrator compares his separation from the subject of a book to the process of metempsychosis.
See also[edit]
Yazidis
Zalmoxis
Ya’furiyya Shia
Gilgul
Saṃsāra Métempsycose : migration des âmes après la mort vers un nouveau corps.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Masterpieces". National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Schopenhauer, A: "Parerga und Paralipomena" (Eduard Grisebach edition), On Religion, Section 177
Jump up ^ Gödel Exhibition: Gödel's Century
Jump up ^ Nietzsche and the Doctrine of Metempsychosis, in J. Urpeth & J. Lippitt, Nietzsche and the Divine, Manchester: Clinamen, 2000
Jump up ^ Linforth, Ivan M. (1941) The Arts of Orpheus Arno Press, New York, OCLC 514515
Jump up ^ Long, Herbert S. (1948) A Study of the doctrine of metempsychosis in Greece, from Pythagoras to Plato (Long's 1942 PhD dissertation) Princeton, New Jersey, OCLC 1472399
Jump up ^ Long, Herbert S. (16 February 1948) "Plato's Doctrine of Metempsychosis and Its Source" The Classical Weekly 41(10): pp. 149—155
Jump up ^ Schibli, S., Hermann, Pherekydes of Syros, p. 104, Oxford Univ. Press 2001
Jump up ^ "That is the conclusion, I said; and if a true conclusion, then the souls must always be the same, for if none be destroyed they will not diminish in number." Republic X, 611. The Republic of Plato By Plato, Benjamin Jowett Edition: 3 Published by Clarendon press, 1888.
Jump up ^ Poesch, Jessie (1962) "Ennius and Basinio of Parma" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 25(1/2): pp. 116—118, page 117, FN15
Jump up ^ Collins, Siobhán (2005) "Bodily Formations and Reading Strategies in John Donne's Metempsychosis" Critical Studies 26: pp. 191—208, page 191
^ Jump up to: a b full text of Metempsychosis or Infinitati Sacrum from Luminarium Editions
Jump up ^ Bonaparte, Marie (1949) The life and works of Edgar Allan Poe: a psycho-analytic interpretation Imago, London, page 273, OCLC 1398764
Jump up ^ Roderick, Phillip L. (2006) The Fall of the House of Poe: And Other Essays iUniverse, New York, page 22, ISBN 0-595-39567-8
Jump up ^ Quinn, Patrick F. (1971) The French face of Edgar Poe (2nd edition) Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, page 272, ISBN 0-8093-0500-3
Jump up ^ Giles, Herbert (1889). Chuang Tzŭ: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer. B. Quaritch.
Jump up ^ Möller, Hans Georg (2011). Daoism Explained: From the Dream of the Butterfly to the Fishnet Allegory. Open Court. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-8126-9750-6.
Jump up ^ List of occurrences of Metempsychosis in Ulysses
Jump up ^ Cf. Joyce, Ulysses, §8 Lestrygonians
External links[edit]
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Transmigration of souls or Metempsychosis
The Catholic Encyclopedia: Metempsychosis
Jewish view of reincarnation
Did Plato Believe in Reincarnation?
Squeaks of seagulls flying up ahead, the salt, cool air of the Sea, endless deep blue and tanned, warm skin.
The Migration Collection is inspired by the desire to travel after the cabin fever of Winter. It reflects dreams of blue skies, green landscapes, the smell of the Sea and Halcyon days of adventure.
I saw a lot of butterflies this weekend. Looks like they're on their way to Mexico. This summer really was excellent for butterflies. Last summer I barely saw any until August.
1448
Looks like there are going to be some birds on the backside of the forecasted rain and cold front. You never know, with good migration forecast along with rain, there is always the possibility of some fallouts.
The IDM provides a forum for IOM Member and Observer States, as well as international and non-governmental organizations and other partners, to share experiences and perspectives on migration matters.
© IOM 2012
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) Somalia supports a Migration Response Centre in Hargeisa that helps Ethiopian migrants on their way to the Arabian peninsula through counselling, medical services and support for their voluntary returns home. The Centre also conducts outreach campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of migration.
(c) UN/E. Klabunde
The Latin Migration Exhibit took place in Spanish House and featured the art work of students Annika Stridh '14, Gabriela Hurtado-Ramos '16, and Margaret Middleton '17. The three used various art forms to show their different experiences around issues of migration and heritage as it pertains to Hispanic/Latin America.
Photograph by Ben Garfinkel '14
Artwork by Gabriela Hurtado-Ramos
I-10 through Louisiana
2015 Copyright Tracy T. Simpson with McKenzies. All rights reserved. Do not copy, reproduce, download or use in any way without written permission.
A high resolution image is available for purchase. Contact us at mckenzies_photography@outlook.com
www.etsy.com/listing/118888000/portals-art-book-collage-s...
Portals book now available full color inter-dimensional gateways for all your cosmic exploring needs $20!!
Simplified patterns of migration suggested by phylogenies based on Y-chromosomal DNA (fatherlines). The phylogeny is from The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (2014). The geographic data was compiled and simplified specially for this figure, and meant to indicate pre-Columbian locations.
“Y-chromosomal Adam”, the last common fatherline ancestor of everyone alive today, is implicated to have lived in Subsaharan Africa. His male-line descendants spread from there to Eurasia, and thence to Oceania and the Americas, as well as back into Africa (including Madagascar from the Indian Ocean).
Credit: T. Michael Keesey and Eric Gaba (basic map)
The beginning of June – with the peak in August – hails the start of the annual gnu migration, as from the Serengeti National Park they enter the Mara reserve in search of pasture and between September, peaking in October, the mighty herd of gnu abandons the desiccated steppe of the Maasai Mara in order to return to their Tanzanian park of origin. This event, dictated by the rainy season, is one of the most spectacular phenomena in nature. The passage of this powerful herd of 1.4 million head, accompanied by zebra as well as predators taking every advantage to hunt, is an absolute must for safari photographers. Spectacular scenes straight from the greatest documentaries.
~~
Il Masai Mara è teatro di uno dei fenomeni più spettacolari della natura, La Grande Migrazione, il leggendario viaggio degli gnu che, guidati dalle piogge tra luglio e agosto lasciano il Serengeti National Park in Tanzania per dirigersi vero i pascoli erbosi del Masai Mara. Tra novembre e gennaio il branco ritorna nel Serengeti creando lo stesso maestoso spettacolo. L’imponente branco di gnu è accompagnato da zebre e animali predatori (leoni, iene e ghepardi) che approfittano di ogni possibilità per cacciare le loro prede e si presenta come una colonna maestosa di animali: il guado dei fiumi, attraversati da correnti e coccodrilli minacciosi crea scenari da set di grandi documentari.
facebook me: on.fb.me/152wwWh
Reaction to Portugal scoring a goal at World Cup quarter finals in Vauxhall's Portuguese district outside Esrela bar
In one of the most dramatic river crossings of recent years a mad rush of an estimated 30,000 wildebeest hurl themselves into the Mara River...in a desperate race (in the the wrong direction!) towards lush grazing to the south of the river.
Log cabin inhabited by settlers Samuel and Sarah Olmstead in the late 1800s, Olmstead Place State Park, Kittitas Valley near Ellensburg, Washington, USA, November, 2007_WA_2143
Hello to all my Okie friends. We are still in CO, but wanted to share this forecast from Cornell. Lots of neotropicals coming through Oklahoma the next few days. Get out and see some birds that just pass through. A great time for some Life Birds.
I got a Life Bird over at Mesa Verde NP-- a White-headed Woodpecker. Way out of range for it. Normally out on the Pacific coast, but one of my Pagosa birding buddies saw one here up the Blanco River.
Good birding!
A Late Walk
When I go up through the mowing field,
The headless aftermath,
Smooth-laid like thatch with the heavy dew,
Half closes the garden path.
And when I come to the garden ground,
The whir of sober birds
Up from the tangle of withered weeds
Is sadder than any words
A tree beside the wall stands bare,
But a leaf that lingered brown,
Disturbed, I doubt not, by my thought,
Comes softly rattling down.
I end not far from my going forth
By picking the faded blue
Of the last remaining aster flower
To carry again to you.
Robert Frost
As part of the ILO’s Fair Recruitment Initiative, the EU-funded “Global Action to Improve the Recruitment Framework of Labour Migration”, also known as REFRAME project organized a stakeholder consultation on labour migration and fair recruitment on 31st May, 2018 at the Movenpick Hotel, Colombo
A Burmese enumerator recruited by IOM conducts a pilot census survey in a Burmese household. The project helped the National Statistical Office (NSO) establish better census mechanisms for migrants by translating the revised census questionnaires and draft operational guidelines on carrying out a pilot survey, and training census teams, enumerators and interviewers. © IOM
The IDM provides a forum for IOM Member and Observer States, as well as international and non-governmental organizations and other partners, to share experiences and perspectives on migration matters.
© IOM 2012
Integrate humanitarian and migration perspectives in the search for appropriate responses to the migration consequences of complex crises.
© IOM 2012
As part of the ILO’s Fair Recruitment Initiative, the EU-funded “Global Action to Improve the Recruitment Framework of Labour Migration”, also known as REFRAME project organized a stakeholder consultation on labour migration and fair recruitment on 31st May, 2018 at the Movenpick Hotel, Colombo
Biggest movement across middle part of the country all year. Next night is even better.
Bird migration forecast maps show predicted nocturnal migration 3 hours after local sunset and are updated every 6 hours. Colorado State University and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology currently produce these forecasts.
Launching of a new updated version of the Viet Nam Association of Manpower and Supply (VAMAS) Code of Conduct for the recruitment of workers for overseas jobs to improve ethical recruitment and better protect migrant workers
© ILO
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.
The beginning of June – with the peak in August – hails the start of the annual gnu migration, as from the Serengeti National Park they enter the Mara reserve in search of pasture and between September, peaking in October, the mighty herd of gnu abandons the desiccated steppe of the Maasai Mara in order to return to their Tanzanian park of origin. This event, dictated by the rainy season, is one of the most spectacular phenomena in nature. The passage of this powerful herd of 1.4 million head, accompanied by zebra as well as predators taking every advantage to hunt, is an absolute must for safari photographers. Spectacular scenes straight from the greatest documentaries.
~~
Il Masai Mara è teatro di uno dei fenomeni più spettacolari della natura, La Grande Migrazione, il leggendario viaggio degli gnu che, guidati dalle piogge tra luglio e agosto lasciano il Serengeti National Park in Tanzania per dirigersi vero i pascoli erbosi del Masai Mara. Tra novembre e gennaio il branco ritorna nel Serengeti creando lo stesso maestoso spettacolo. L’imponente branco di gnu è accompagnato da zebre e animali predatori (leoni, iene e ghepardi) che approfittano di ogni possibilità per cacciare le loro prede e si presenta come una colonna maestosa di animali: il guado dei fiumi, attraversati da correnti e coccodrilli minacciosi crea scenari da set di grandi documentari.
facebook me: on.fb.me/152wwWh