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Geheimschreiber
Although the ENIGMA remains the best know German cryptographic machine of World War II, in the early 1940's the German military introduced several new cryptographic teletypewriters known under the name Geheimschreiber - sometimes translated as "private secretary", sometimes as "secret writer".
These machines offered on-line encryption and decryption, that is plain test could be typed directly into the machine, automatically converted to encrypted text, and sent directly to the transmitter. In addtion to security, these "secret writers" provided the Germans with the ability to encrypt large volumes of test at high speed.
Learning that the Germans had named an early version of these machines SWORDFISH, the British and Americans bestowed nicknames associated with fish on the machines and the communications links in which they were used. The two most famous are TUNNY and STURGEON.
Just as they developed the Bombe to assist decryption of ENIGMA , the British developed data processing to attack the fish family of machine ciphers. (I must add: This was a whale of a job!) This led to the construction of the COLOSSUS which British historian F. H. Hinsley is "justly claimed as a pioneer programmable electronic digital computer."
The 40 (SZ40) when first encountered in 1940 was nicknamed TUNNY by the British - after a fish better known to Americans as TUNA.
The Schlüsselzusatz SZ40, manufactured by the German firm Lorenz, was used by the German Army for high-level communications, generally between Army groups. It provided on-line encryption and decryption and was capable of handling large volumes f traffic at high speed. The TUNNY depended on wheels for encryption and decryption but unlike ENIGMA it did nut substitute letters but insted encrypted elements of the electrically generated Baudot code used in normal telegraphic transmissions.
Source: National Cryptologic Museum 13 February 2009 with some hyperlinks added
i09_0214 088
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13/52 for the group 52 of 2012
This week's theme: Technical, mechanical, or machinery
I was rather lacking in inspiration earlier in the week, partly because I was thinking large scale. The obvious solution only came to me later and here is the old Singer Sewing machine (hand operated) that used to belong to my mother-in-law.
I looked up on the Internet about it recently and it dates from the 1930s and was made in Clydebank in Scotland.
Paragon Machine Works in Richmond, CA specializes in custom bicycle part manufacturing.
bradwenner.com/new/paragon-machine/
Strobist: bare head right, indirect window light from left
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Roland CNC Machine
it wasn't working right so we openned it up to have a go at fixing it and it turned out to only need some dust cleared out from one of the supports. Now it has been milling for the last 24 hours.
Machines & Macchiatos is run by the Sydney Machina Social Club in Sydney, New South Wales.
It's a modern motoring club, for all types of Machines, Vintage, Classics, Customs, Rods, Modern Exotics, Motorcycles & more. If you love Ford Mustangs, Porsche 911, Ford GTHO Falcons, Corvettes, Ferrari then head down.
www.sydneymachinasocialclub.org/
For more photos go to www.flickr.com/photos/behindthesteeringwheel/albums
New Uploaded:-Ab machine workout, by: Abtekk Gym ___ Intense Abs Workout Routine
Ab machine workout -Lower ab workouts - abtekk.com/abtekk-give-away - Win a FREE Ab Workout set worth a whopping £100. In today's busy world, staying fit and healthy can seem like an impossible task. It doesn't have to be that way. There are any number of surprisingly easy ways you can get yourself into great shape without having to kill yourself. The tips in this article will help you on your way.No matter what your gender happens to be, you should still do strength training as part of your exercise routine. You don't have to worry about bulking up and looking like a body builder unless you actively try for that result. Those types of builds don't happen overnight and a casual person won't achieve those builds. To increase your endurance, breathe fully and from your diaphragm when you exercise, particularly when running. This increases your oxygen intake and your lung capacity and lets you exercise longer. If you don't know how to breathe from your diaphragm, you can lie down and put something on your stomach, then practice making it rise and fall as you inhale and exhale.If you want to get in shape using yoga, do your yoga stretches and poses on a hard surface. For more Info on Ab Workout see here: www.youtube.com/playlist?playnext=1&list=PLvR-rVWiRMP... Practicing on a soft floor can lead to joint injuries and can throw off your balance, which will reduce the effectiveness of your yoga routine. In a reverse of the common practice, you can place a hard, smooth material onto a soft carpet to create the ideal yoga surface.Even though it is vital, sleep is often overlooked when one plans a fitness regimen. Ab machine workout The modern world tends to encourage one to sleep less and less. This is a mistake if one wants to get fit. Sleep is crucial in restoring the body and maintaining energy levels. Get at least seven hours of sleep every night to stay fit and healthy. Take time to stretch in between sets of weightlifting. Research has shown that people who stretch while waiting to start their next set of lifting weights have stronger muscles than those who just sit and wait between sets. Stretching is a little thing you can do to strengthen yourself while you're resting. To have a healthy body it is important to have a good amount of sleep. The body needs to sleep to rejuvenate, this should not be taken for granted. Sleeping for eight hours maintains the body's healthy immune system, helps the individual manage stress better. So be sure to get a good amount of sleep daily.Exercising increases the oxygen to the brain. Studies have proven that incorporating an exercise program to your daily routine will decrease the chance of getting dementia in up to 60% in older adults. Exercising releases proteins that strengthens the brain's neurons and cells which is directly related to memory and learning. A high calorie diet will allow for you to fully utilize your workout. You will be using the calories to provide energy and make your workout last longer. Ab machine workout This will allow your muscles to grow because the intense workout causes small tears and once healed makes the muscles stronger and also increase in size.Set goals. Whatever exercise you choose to pursue, set weekly goals and track your progress. You may set any goal appropriate for your fitness level, but the key is to persistently follow through on your plan. Record your daily workouts on a chart or keep a simple tally indicating that you completed the exercises you had planned to do.Taking the proper supplements can assure that ones body is getting all the needed nutrients to improve fitness and refuel after exercising. Research should be done to decide what the best amounts for that individual will be. However with the right balance supplements will improve the results of exercising and increase overall fitness. Runners can effectively increase their overall speed not by increasing the length of each running stride, but by trying to increase the actual speed of each individual stride. In the ideal stride, your foot should always land on the ground directly beneath your body instead of landing in front of you.Improve your volleyball contact skills. You may not believe it, but playing foosball is a great way to do this. You need similar skills in foosball as you need in volleyball. These skills can then be improved on and can work great in volleyball.When you need shoes for working out, be sure that they fit properly. Go shoe shopping in the evening time. When it is late in the day, your feet are the largest. When trying on the shoes, be sure that you can wiggle your toes and that you have about a half inch of space between your longest toe and the shoe.
via, YouTube: youtu.be/6vy_w5ub9xA
Source/Repost=>
abtekkgym.blogspot.com/2016/11/ab-machine-workout.html ** Mark D. Smith / MarkDSmith / MarkSmith ** abtekkgym.blogspot.com/
THE LIE MACHINE (2014)
Suitcase, computer, speaker, Voice Stress Analysis software, autobiographical read-by-the author audiobooks (Palin, Obama, Clinton, Bush)
Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) is a highly contested and controversial lie detection technology. Through the detection of variations in the microtremors of speech, truthfulness is evaluated through analysis of live or recorded voice. As a result, the technique can be applied surreptitiously, even posthumously, to the vast storehouses of spoken audio available.
The Lie Machine processes recorded audio with standard Voice Stress Analysis algorithms. The archive chosen for this analysis is a set of audiobook autobiographies, each read by its author: Decision Points by George W. Bush, Going Rogue: An American Life by Sarah Palin, A Journey: My Political Life by Tony Blair, My Life by Bill Clinton, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream by Barack Obama.
The title, “The Lie Machine” is taken from a 1973 Playboy Magazine article by Craig Vetter of the same name, on the subject of the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE). The PSE was the first commercially available VSA-based instrument, “designed to fit into a Samsonite briefcase.” The algorithm gained notoriety recently in the U.S. trial of George Zimmerman for the charge of the second-degree murder of Trayvon Martin, where Zimmerman was cleared of the charges based partly on his successful passing of a CVSA test (Computer Voice Stress Analysis).
“We are not concerned with the guilt or innocence of a suspect, only in whether or not he seems to be lying. He’s either D.I. or N.D.I. -- deception indicated or no deception indicated.” (Playboy, 1973)
The project was produced and supported by LEAP Berlin. Many thanks to John McKiernan, Daniel Franke at LEAP, as well as Samo Tadin and Tuk Bredsdorff in Copenhagen, for their interests, generosity and contributions.
Opening: Friday 04.4.2014, 19:00
Exhibition:05.04.2014 – 26.04.2014, 12:00 – 18:00 Tuesday-Saturday
Participating Artists:
Jamie Allen, James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau, Ralf Baecker, Rosemary Lee, Sascha Pohflepp and Chris Woebken, Addie Wagenknecht
_____________________________________________________________
The group exhibition Obsessive Sensing features works which as their basis look at the programming of the world as an expression of artistic research. The participating artists aim to ‘’sense’’ with the help of complex systems and thus to reimagine how we perceive the world. How do we go about sensing that which we cannot perceive? This is reflected in the idea of technical images, as described by Vilém Flusser – the preparation of the information which we cannot perceive for our senses. ‘’This can be achieved neither with hands nor with eyes nor with fingers, for these elements are neither graspable, nor are they visible. For this reason, apparatuses must be developed that grasp the ungraspable, visualize the invisible, and conceptualize the inconceivable.’’ (Vilém Flusser, Into the Universe of Technical Images)
(Photos by LEAP)
Pataphysical Studios is building a Time Machine for our next art exhibit. On a balmy spring afternoon, Drs. Rindbrain and Fabio created more visualizations of what the Time Machine might look like.
We sketched out several ideas for the inside and outside walls, for discussion purposes. On each side of the main screen, we designed round portholes through which we could interact with our guests -- or show scenes from the past or future. Behind each porthole would be a magic box that could feature artifacts from distant times -- or the head of a historical figure, projected onto a ‘life cast’. The rest of the inside walls would be used for other interactive artworks such as the Crazy Clock, which sings quotes about time when you press its big green button.
On the outside walls, we sketched out a Face Box that you could stick your head in to get your picture taken. It would include an Infinity Mirror made of LED strips cycling through the colors of the rainbow, with a camera at the end of this light tunnel. We also sketched out where time wonderboxes could be placed on the side walls, proposing that the left wall focus on the past and the right wall on the future. A graphic timeline across both walls could support that idea.
It was a productive meeting and we look forward to presenting these ideas to our fellow doctors at the next Time Machine meeting.
Fire in the hole!
View more Time Machine photos:
www.flickr.com/photos/fabola/albums/72157659761749014
See our brainstorm notes for the Time Machine:
docs.google.com/document/d/1rM9kjOu83Qewh1HwaA2nkzbGdmHb9...
Here’s our overview for the Crazy Clock:
docs.google.com/document/d/18h8uK5v-H3fvonbvJaTYOyvuiDDfv...
View more 'Pataphysical photos: www.flickr.com/photos/fabola/albums/72157623637793277
Learn about Pataphysical Studios: pataphysics.us/
Beer vending machines are nothing new, but I love how this one has everything organized by size (including the house special, that large can of Sapporo on the right). I really question whether this works and/or has beer in it that is less than 10 years old. Also, how do you get "GIANT" out of the machine?
Lego Marvel Avengers Infinity War Pogo Bootleg PG8136 PG8130 Review With Xinh Comparision 4K
www.youtube.com/watch?v=V79sx0mcH2U
#digger318 #avengers #mcu #bootlego #avengersinfinitywar
I also compare some of these figures with their XINH conterpart, while ones will be better?!
PG8130
PG1557 - Star-Lord
PG1558 - Teen Groot
PG1559 - White Wolf/Bucky
PG1560 - Wong
PG1561 - Nebula
PG1562 - Spider-Man
PG1563 - Peter Parker
PG1564 - Okoye
PG8136
PG1565 - Pepper Potts (Iron Man Armor)
PG1566 - Black Panther (with Helmet)
PG1567 - Black Panther (with Helmet)
PG1568 - Ronin
PG1569 - Thor
PG1570 - Doctor Strange
PG1571 - Ebony Maw
PG1572 - War Machine
The CM-1, created by Thinking Machines, Inc., was a supercomputer created in 1985. It had 65,536 processors, and an overall speed of between 2.5 and 10 Gigaflops, and a price tag of about $2.5M.
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+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Uruguay, like several other countries in South America, has been a traditional customer of US military hardware. In Uruguay’s case, this first example were 40 M3A1 Stuart light tanks delivered in 1944-1945. In the years following the Second World War and the Korean War, obsolete armored vehicles which were no longer deemed as required for the current situation of the US military were given as military aid to US allies, particularly in Latin America. It was in this context that Uruguay would receive 17 M24 Chaffee light tanks and 12 M4A3E8 Sherman medium tanks in 1957-1958 from American surplus stock.
Deliveries were completed on September 30th, 1958. This was part of the American Military Assistance Program (MAP), under which the US provided military equipment to aligned nations within the context of the Cold War. These tanks did not come from the mainland US but were instead delivered from US Army stocks in Japan and Korea. A considerable number of spare parts were likely delivered along with these, too, as well as in the coming years. Along with the Chaffees and Shermans, Uruguay furthermore received a single Sherman-based M74 Armored Recovery Vehicle.
By the time of the Korean War, the M4 series had evolved into its final form, often referred to as the M4A3E8, and this was the Sherman version that was also delivered to Uruguay. To the Marines in Korea, they were known as the “Old Reliables”. Entering service late in the Second World War, this model featured an improved Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension (HVSS) that replaced the iconic Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS) of earlier models. This suspension allowed for a wider track, improving grip and lower ground pressure on softer ground.
Propulsion was provided by the Ford GAA all-aluminum 32-valve DOHC 60-degree, 500 hp, V8 gasoline/petrol engine. This could propel the tank to a top speed of 40 – 48 km/h (25 – 30 mph). Armor on the vehicle was up to 76 mm (3 in) thick. The tank had a crew of five, consisting of a commander, driver, co-driver/bow machine gunner, gunner, and loader.
Even though a large number of newer 90mm gun armed M26 Pershings and M46 Pattons were dispatched to the Korean Peninsula, multiple variants of the HVSS Sherman were also used in the Korean War. These included the regular M4A3(76)W HVSS, which was armed with the 76mm Tank Gun M1A1 or M1A2, the M4A3(105) HVSS, armed with the 105mm Howitzer M4, and finally, the POA-CWS-H5, a specialist version armed with both a 105mm Howitzer and a coaxial flamethrower.
The ex-American tanks were delivered to Uruguay’s Batallón de Infantería Nº 13 (13th Infantry Battalion), founded in 1904, and with the arrival of the new equipment at the Durazno Arsenal in central Uruguay the regiment was aptly renamed Batallón de Infantería Blindado Nº 13 (13th Armored Infantry Battalion). The tanks formed two Compañías Blindada de Tanques (Armored Tanks Companies), formally created on 12 July 1958. In each company, two tanks formed a command section while the remaining were divided into platoons of five. Each platoon was coded with an individual color and the command tanks received colored shields as background to their tactical codes. Additionally, the command tanks received individual names, beginning with letters corresponding to their respective commanded platoons, e. g. “Ceasar” for one of the 3rd platoon’s commanding M4s, which carried the tactical code "2" on a green background, the 3rd platoon’s color.
The tanks were delivered in a unicolor camouflage, likely U.S. Army olive drab. They received prominent Uruguayan army roundels on the turret flanks, comprising a blue roundel in the center, circled by white and then further circled by blue again, with a red bar going through the roundel diagonally. Later, likely in the 1960s, the tanks were given a disruptive four-color scheme, comprising medium green, dark green, tan and a dark brown bordering on black.
The first months of the new tanks’ service were marked by several instances of ceremonial use in foreign presidential visits to Uruguay, during which the tanks would perform a parade in the streets of Montevideo, the Uruguayan capital – often in the company of the vintage M3A1 Stuarts which were still retained in service by this point for training.
The 1960s were a decade of turmoil in Uruguay, with an economic crisis caused by struggling Uruguayan exports causing significant unrest and political uproar. This led to the rise of an armed revolutionary left-wing movement known as the Tupamaros or MLN-T (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros, Tupamaros National Liberation Movement) which would progressively grow more violent. In 1968, the Uruguayan president, Jorge Pachero, declared a state of emergency that would see the military largely deployed in the streets. The following president, Juan María Bordaberry, would continue authoritarian policies and suspend civil liberties. In June 1973, he dissolved the Uruguayan congress and became a de facto dictator sponsored by the Uruguayan military.
During this time, the Tupamaros fought in an urban guerilla war against the Uruguayan military. The Uruguayan tanks, especially the compact M24s, were regularly employed in the streets as a show of force, being a very intimidating presence to potential insurgents. For this mission, a few M4s and M24s, primarily command tanks, were outfitted with locally developed hydraulic dozer blades. These were detachable, though, and the tanks should retain the installations for the rest of their career.
By mid-1972, the Tupamaros had largely been defeated, killed, captured, or forced into exile, as many other Uruguayans had been. The Uruguayan dictatorship would maintain itself all the way to 1985 however, engaging in repressive policies which, while often overshadowed by some employed by other regimes, such as Augusto Pinochet’s Chile, would see many Uruguayans exiled, and many assassinations performed against political opponents, even though most of which took place outside of Uruguay’s borders. The M4s and M24s would continue to regularly be used for intimidation purposes during this era, though Uruguay would also purchase more modern tanks in 1982, including twenty-two M41 Walker Bulldog light tanks from Belgium. These didn’t replace the vintage WWII vehicles, though.
In 1984, elections were finally held, seeing Uruguay return to civilian rule from this point onward. Though amnesty for human rights abusers would be declared, Uruguay would move back towards being one of the more democratic and stable countries in South America in the next decades, which would culminate in a former Tupamaros, who had spent fifteen years in prison, José Mujica, being elected president in 2009.
At the same time as Uruguay was transitioning back to democracy, the M4s and M24s the country had now operated for about thirty years were becoming increasingly obsolete. The tanks’ engines were worn out after 30 years of constant use and useful ammunition for the M4s 76 mm gun was not available anymore. Funds for new/more modern tanks were not available at that time, therefore, it was decided to modernize the powerplants and drivetrains of the tanks and outfit the Shermans with a modern, bigger main gun.
For this purpose, the Brazilian company Bernardini was contracted. The Bernardini S/A Industria e Comercio (Bernardini Industrial and Commerce Company), based at São Paulo, was originally a safe manufacturer which operated from 1912, but during its later years it branched out into vehicle production, too, and created several conversions and indigenous tanks for the Brazilian Army.
Bernardini outfitted the light M24s with a Saab-Scania DN11 220-230 hp engine, a Swedish industrial truck engine manufactured in Brazil. This was a commercially available engine for which parts could be very easily sourced, and it was coupled with a new GAV 762 automatic gearbox. Mounting these totally different engines called for considerable modifications, including a completely new raised engine deck with integrated coolers.
The Shermans received new Continental AOS-895-3 six-cylinder air-cooled petrol engines, which had been procured together with the Belgian M41s as part of a spares deal and directly delivered to Brazil for the conversions. This engine delivered 500 bhp (370 kW), the same as the former Ford GAA V8, but provided more torque, was lighter and more compact, and had a considerably lower fuel consumption. It was coupled with a new gearbox, an Allison CD-500-3, with 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse.
For the planned armament upgrade, the modern 90 mm Cockerill Mk. 7 gun was chosen, another item procured from Belgium. Weighing less than ¾ of a ton and with a length of 4.365 m, the 90 mm Cockerill operated at a pressure of just 310 MPa and produced a recoil stroke of only 350 to 370 mm. Ammunition for the Cockerill gun was made by MECAR (another Belgian arms company) and included a potent Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot – Tracer (APFSDS-T) round with a muzzle velocity of 1,500 m/s, able to defeat even heavy targets. Furthermore, there were High Explosive Plastic rounds (HEP) to defeat bunkers, structures, light armor and also for indirect fire use, smoke, canister, High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT), and training rounds.
However, the plan to simply exchange the old 76 mm gun in the original M4A3 turret turned out to be impossible, so that Bernardini offered to adapt one of the company’s own turret designs, a cast turret for an upgrade for the indigenous CCL X1A2 “Carcará” tank that never materialized due to low Brazilian funds, to the M4’s very similar hull. The Uruguayan government agreed and the deal for the conversion of all M4s left in service was closed in late 1982. Some sources refer to this modernization as having occurred in 1983, while some others mention 1987.
The new Bernardini turret resembled the earlier Sherman turret, but it was overall larger and featured a long, characteristic jutty as a counterweight for the bigger and longer gun. It also offered ample space for a radio set and ammunition. The turret had a maximum armor strength of 114 mm (4.5 in) at the front, instead of the former 76 mm (3 in); traverse was full 360° (manual and electric-hydraulic) at a rate of 36°/sec. The turret’s higher overall weight was compensated for by the relatively light gun and the lighter engine – even though this raised the tank’s center of gravity and somewhat reduced its handling quality. The commander and gunner sat in the turret on the right side, with the commander provided with a domed U.S.-style cupola. The gunner did not have a hatch and was seated forward of the commander. A loading assistant was placed on the left side of the gun, with a separate hatch that was also used to board the tank by the crew and to load ammunition. A tool storage box was normally mounted externally on the rear of the already long bustle, and smoke grenade launchers could be mounted on each side of the turret – even though this never happened, and Uruguay apparently never procured such devices. A large radio antenna was mounted to the turret roof and at the rear of the jutty, command tanks had a second antenna for a dedicated inter-tank communication radio set next to the cupola.
The 90 mm Cockerill Mk. 7 gun had a rifled L/52 barrel and was outfitted with a light T-shaped muzzle brake and a smoke ejector. The secondary armament was changed to two 7.62 mm Browning M1919 machine guns (which were able to fire 7.62×51 mm NATO standard ammunition), one coaxial with the main gun and the other in the hull. A manually operated 12.7 mm Browning M2HB machine gun was mounted in an anti-aircraft position on the turret roof, in front of the commander cupola. A total of 55 rounds for the 90 mm gun were carried, plus 4,750 rounds for the 7.62 mm machine guns and 600 rounds for the 12.7 mm gun. This ammunition was mostly stored in the hull, the turret jutty held a new ammunition-ready rack with 11 rounds.
At some point following their modernization, during the late Eighties, all Uruguayan tanks were given a new, more subdued camouflage scheme, vaguely resembling the American woodland scheme, consisting of a very dark brown/black, light brown, and dark green. The prominent roundel was removed, too, an the vehicles’ tactical code was now either retained in a dark color on the turret side or completely omitted.
The 1990s saw the 13th Armored Infantry Battalion receive a fleet of fifteen BVP-1s purchased from the Czech Republic; ten more were delivered in 1996, with a further five in 1998, plus three vehicles for spare parts in 1999. These more modern infantry fighting vehicles would be operated alongside the M4s and M24s within the battalion’s fleet during the coming decades. Other purchases from the 1990s included, for example, Tiran-5Sh main battle tanks (revamped captured T-55s from Israel) and 2S1 self-propelled artillery pieces.
Uruguay retired its M4 fleet around 2012, but the light M24s soldiered on until 2019, when the last WWII type in Uruguayan service was eventually sorted out, after a long process that was delayed by a lack of an export permission for M41s as replacement from the United States for no less than six years.
Specifications:
Crew: Five (commander, gunner, loader, driver, radio operator/hull machine gun operator)
Weight: 33.7 tons combat loaded
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in) hull only
8.21 m (26 ft 10 1/2 in) overall with gun forward
Width: 3.42 m (11 ft 3 in) hull only
Height: 3,45 m (11 ft 3 3/4 in) w/o AA machine gun
Tread: 89 in
Ground clearance: 17 in (0.43 m)
Fire Height: 90 in (2.29 m)
Suspension: Horizontal volute spring
Fuel capacity: 168 gallons 80 Octane gasoline
Armor:
0.5 – 4.5 in (13 – 114 mm)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 30 mph (48 km/h) in a dash
26 mph (42 km/h) sustained on road
Operational range: 120 mi (193 km) on roads
Maximum grade: 60 percent
Maximum trench: 7.5 feet
Maximum vertical Wall: 24 inches
Maximum fording depth: 36 inches
Minimum turning circle: (diameter) 62 feet
Power/weight: 13.5 hp/ton
Ground pressure: Zero penetration 11.0 psi
Engine & transmission:
Continental AOS-895-3 six-cylinder air-cooled petrol engine with 500 bhp (370 kW),
coupled with an Allison CD-500-3 gearbox with 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse
Armament:
1× 90 mm (L/52) Cockerill Mk. 7 gun with 55 rounds
2× 7.62 mm Browning M1919 machine guns with a total of 4,750 rounds,
one co-axial with the main gun, another in the front glacis plate
1× 12.7 mm Browning M2HB anti-aircraft machine gun on the commander cupola with 600 rounds
The kit and its assembly:
This whiffy M4 Sherman was inspired by two things: one was that I have so far never built a fictional M4 before, despite the type’s large number in WWII and thereafter. And I had a surplus turret from a Japanese 1:72 Type 61 tank (Trumpeter kit) in the donor bank, which frequently grinned at me – but I never had a proper idea how to use it.
This changed when I combined both, and the idea of a post-WWII M4 conversion/modernization was born, inspired by the successful Israeli M50/51 upgrades. I also settled for an M4A3E8 chassis, because I wanted a relatively modern Sherman with a welded hull and the new running gear as the basis – and the choice fell on the respective Hasegawa kit (which has its fundamental scale and proportions flaws, but it was cheap and readily available). Using an alternative Trumpeter kit might have been a better choice from a detail point of view, but I think that the Hasegawa kit’s weaknesses are negligible – and this here is whifworld, after all.
The next conceptual problem arose quickly, though: who’d be the operator of this tank? A natural choice was Japan’s JGSDF, because they received M4A3E8s from the USA (the Hasegawa kit even provides decals for such a vehicle), and the Type 61 was its successor. But the Sherman was not very popular in Japan – it was quite big, with logistics problems (tunnel sizes, train transport), and the interior was not suited to the smaller Japanese crews. The JGSDF was quite happy to get rid of the vintage Shermans.
The IDF was another candidate, but the M50/51s were “already there”. After long further research I went across Middle and South America. Chile, for instance, operated a highly modified M4A3E8 upgrade with a 60 mm high-velocity gun called “M-60”. And Paraguay decided to re-activate its M3 and M4 fleet in 2014, even though only for training purposes.
I eventually settled for a small and rather exotic operator: Uruguay! I found a very good article about the M24 Chaffee’s active duty in this country, which lasted from 1958 until 2019(!), and these Chaffees underwent massive conversions and upgrades during their long career – and some M4s would be a nice and plausible company. Another selling point was that the Uruguayan Army’s roundel was easy to replicate, and, as a bonus, the M24s carried a very attractive camouflage early in their career.
With this concept, the build was straightforward: The M4A3E8 was basically built OOB, it went together with no trouble, even though its details appear rather clumsy and almost toylike these days. A good thing about the kit is, though, that you can paint the small road wheels separately, while the HVSS suspension can be attached to the hull. This makes painting quite easy and convenient.
Trumpeter’s Type 61 turret was another matter, though, because its fit was rather dubious and called for some PSR. Furthermore, it was incomplete: some small parts of it had already been used in other projects, so that I had to improvise.
First, I had to create an adapter so that it could be combined with the Sherman hull – it was created from styrene sheet and profiles, together with a “floor” for the turret with 0.5 mm sheet. But now the turret can be mounted into the original opening, and it fits like a glove into the intended space. Even the low deflector walls that protect its base fit snuggly around it, it’s a very natural combo (at least on the Hasegawa hull!).
Biggest problem was the missing original commander cupola. The spare box did not yield a proper replacement, so I ordered M48/M60 cupolas from Bulgaria-based OKB Grigorovich – very crisp stuff, the set comes with four pieces and the cupolas are even made from clear resin so that the periscopes have a natural look on the model. As a lucky coincidence, the cupola’s diameter perfectly matched the respective hole in the turret, so that the implant looks very natural. Because the cupola came with a separate hatch, I fixed it in an open position and added a crew figure from the Hasegawa Sherman.
The dozer blade was a late addition, inspired by equipment carried by some real Uruguayan M24s. However, in this case the device was scratched from the remains of a dozer blade from a WWII Bergehetzer. Hydraulic rams to lift it and some hoses were scratched from steel wire and various bits and pieces. Improvised, but it looks the part, and it’s a nice detail that fits well into the model’s real world historic background.
Painting and markings:
The camouflage is based on a single-color picture I was able to find of a Uruguayan M24 wearing it, providing a guesstimate basis for the four tones, and a profile drawing of the same vehicle, just from the other side. I settled upon Humbrol 63, 75, and mix of 150 with 63 and 10 with 85 for the respective tan (which appears very yellow-ish), dark green, light green and the very dark brown tone. The pattern is a free interpretation of what could be discerned on the reference material, with guesstimates for front, back and upper surfaces. As it is a retrofitted piece, the dozer shield became all dark green.
The model then received an overall washing with a highly thinned mix of black and dark brown acrylic artist paint. The vinyl tracks were painted, too, with a mix of grey, red brown and iron, all acrylic paints, too, that do not interact chemically with the soft vinyl in the long run.
Markings are minimal; the Uruguayan Army roundel is an Argentinian cocarde from an Airfix Skyhawk (and a bit pale) with a separate red decal stripe placed over it – unfortunately it’s a bit obscured by the handles running along the turret. The tactical code number came from an Israeli tank, and it had to be placed quite high because of the handles/rails.
Uruguayan tanks from the Eighties and earlier seem to have carried additional registration numbers, too, and I gave the Sherman the fictional code "A 247" on the glacis plate and its flanks. The nickname "Caesar" is a personal twist.
Dry-brushing with earth brown to further emphasize edges and details followed. Finally, the model was sealed with matt acrylic vanish (Italeri) overall, and some very light extra dry-brushing with silver and light grey was done to simulate flaked paint, esp. on the dozer blade. Dirt and rust residues were added here and there. After final assembly (the vinyl tracks refused to stick to the road wheels!), the lower areas of the model were powdered with mineral pigments to simulate dust.
All in all, this fictional Uruguayan Sherman update looks very natural and convincing. The Type 61 turret matched the M4A3E8 hull in an almost unnatural fashion, and the dozer blade adds a certain twist to the tank, even though this detail is rooted in Uruguay’s tank operations history. The disruptive “tiger stripes” paint scheme is also very attractive, and together with the unusual roundels the whole thing has a very exotic look – but it’s not unbelievable. :D
Verne Miller was a former sheriff turned criminal. Wanted for the deaths of four FBI agents during "The Kansas City Massacre," Miller came here to the Sherone Apartment Hotel in 1933. Acting on a tip, the FBI attempted to ambush him but he escaped, an FBI agent firing a machine gun as he fled. It was the first time law enforcement had ever used a machine gun in Chicago.
Located at 4423 N. Sheridan Road.
In this scene Isaac begins drawing with the machine, which only creates concentric circles and spirals. The idea behind these shapes
The sheet of paper that slides under the machine was animated in stop-motion form and later added to the shot with Isaac. You can see photos of the sheet being animated here.
This is a still from the production of the music video "Whale Song" for Modest Mouse.
Produced by Bent Image Lab
Directed by Nando Costa
Music by Modest Mouse
Premiered on Pitchfork